JP2003143574A - Content editing system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a content editing system which edits contents including contents generated by itself in accordance with user's taste and delivers them in a desired format through a desired communication network. SOLUTION: A content editing service center 40 takes video data sent from a user terminal 20 into a content editing part 43 through an interface part 42 and edits the video data as the user desires. Required contents can be added from a content database 41 which the content editing service center 40 has. The content editing service center 40 transmits edited data to the user terminal 20 through a communication network 30.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a content editing system for editing content data and delivering it to viewers through a communication network, and particularly to content edited according to user preference. The present invention relates to a content editing system which can be distributed in a desired format and a communication network.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Current content services, especially video distribution services, are processed and edited (cut editing,
Broadcast media that broadcast video content with inserted telops, CM insertions, etc. by radio waves has become the mainstream. The viewer can enjoy the video content on the image display device such as a television after receiving the radio wave of the video broadcast with the tuner and converting the radio wave into the video signal.

In the field of networks, video-on-demand (hereinafter referred to as VOD) for transmitting contents requested by viewers using wideband communication technology has become active. V
OD is a service for delivering video content in response to a user request from a video server storing video content to a content receiving terminal via a transmission path such as CATV or an optical fiber network. If you use this VOD,
The user can manually manipulate his or her favorite contents from the video contents stored in the video server.

On the other hand, the received video signal can be recorded by a recording device such as a video and edited and processed according to the preference of the user. For example, there are many users who edit unnecessary content of recorded video data and edit and produce a content library that collects only interesting contents. In addition, in the present age of multimedia with the progress of video digitization technology, viewers' needs for video data are diversified and sophisticated. For example, there is an increasing need for secondary utilization such as digitizing recorded video and processing it on a computer.

The video source to be edited as described above is not limited to one provided by a broadcasting station or VOD, but a growth record of a child photographed by using a personal video camera, a view at a destination, The number of private videos of sports players who are watching is increasing.

[0006]

In this way, when the video contents have received more attention than ever before, the private video contents and the video contents generally broadcast / distributed can be saved as content data, and the user can control the contents as he or she desires. A system that can handle is needed. However, the image information is generally large in capacity, and it is currently difficult not only to edit, process and distribute but also to save it in a PC (personal computer) in an ordinary home. Even if such a high-performance PC becomes widespread in ordinary households, the amount of video content managed by an individual and the editing method thereof,
After all, there are limits to the means of distribution to others, and it is impossible to obtain, edit, and distribute the desired video together. In view of this situation, the existence of an external editing service center with high processing capability is required.

Regarding this problem, JP-A-6-121262
Japanese patent publication is disclosed. In this patent, there is an editing service center that is connected to subscribers by public telephone lines.
The editing service center causes the subscriber to select the desired content information, generates a recording instruction signal indicating the receiving channel, broadcast time, etc. of the relevant content information and sends it to the subscriber side. On the other hand, the subscriber side receives this recording instruction signal and receives and records the instructed broadcast program, so that the broadcast program desired to be watched by a simple operation without performing the recording reservation operation by himself. Can be seen at any time.

However, in the content information editing service disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-112262, the user can use only the broadcast video edited by the broadcast station which is the video providing company or the editing company, so that the video recording is eventually performed. It is only a network service that improves the convenience of reservation and does not solve the above problem.

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-150629, the transmitting side or the receiving side processes the video information in program units so as to be "structured video information" that can be managed by the structured unit. By creating a program having a desired content based on this structured video information, it becomes possible to view a video having content suitable for a request for a different viewing format for each viewer. However, even in the transmission / reception system disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-150629, the editing is performed within the video content frame owned by the broadcasting station, and the video content created by itself cannot be added. Furthermore, there are various formats for video content, and even the same content has different formats due to differences in media. For example, the content captured by a video camera cannot be displayed on the "mobile phone" in the same format.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and edits contents including contents created by the user according to his / her preference and distributes the contents in a desired format / communication line network. It is intended to provide a content editing system.

[0011]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a transmitting user terminal having a content transmitting function, and a receiving user terminal having the same or different from the transmitting user terminal having a content receiving function. A content editing system comprising a user terminal and a content editing service center coupled via a communication network, wherein the content editing service center edits the content transmitted from the transmitting user terminal It is characterized by comprising an editing unit and means for transmitting the content edited by the content editing unit to the receiving user terminal. As a result, it becomes possible to edit the content according to the preference of the user who has requested the editing to the content editing service center, and deliver it to each receiving side user in a desired format / communication line network.

Also, in the content editing system of the present invention, the content editing service center includes a content storage unit, and the content editing unit in the content editing service center is configured to store the content owned by the content storage unit and the transmission user terminal. It is characterized by having a function of synthesizing and editing the content transmitted from. With this, as described above, it becomes possible to add the content owned by the content storage unit to the video data sent from the user and edit / process it, thereby providing a wider range of services to the user. It becomes possible.

The content editing system of the present invention further comprises a content providing center coupled with the content editing service center via a communication network, wherein the content editing section of the content editing service center provides the content. It is characterized by having a function of synthesizing and editing the content provided from the center and the content transmitted from the transmitting user terminal. As a result, it becomes possible to add the content possessed in the content storage unit to the video data sent from the user, and edit / process the content, thereby providing a wider range of services to the user.

The content editing system of the present invention further includes a content providing center coupled to the content editing service center via a communication network, and the content editing service center includes a content storage unit to edit the content. The section is provided with a function of synthesizing and editing the content owned by the content storage section, the content provided by the content providing center, and the content transmitted from the transmitting user terminal. This allows the content editing service center to add necessary content from the content storage section of the content editing service center and the content supplied from the content providing center 206 to the content sent from the user, and to the user. On the other hand, it becomes possible to provide a wider range of services.

Further, in the content editing system of the present invention, the content providing center is a broadcasting station which broadcasts a video, and the content data storage unit can store the video data actually broadcast. Is characterized by. In the modern advanced information society,
Among the content services, the demands of the general public for video distribution services are increasing, but their needs are diversifying,
It is becoming more sophisticated. Therefore, it is preferable that the content providing center in the present invention is a broadcasting station that handles content centered on video.

Further, the content editing system of the present invention is characterized in that the content editing service center performs a designated format conversion on the content data. As a result, a variety of edits can be selected, and a content editing service that responds to a variety of user preferences is possible.

Further, in the content editing system of the present invention, the content editing service center delivers the content to the receiving user terminal, which is the delivery destination of the edited content, in the specified format and in the communication line network. Is characterized by. This allows the user to view and listen according to the receiving terminal of the user who is delivered.

Further, the content editing system of the present invention is characterized in that the content editing service center charges the user corresponding to the specified editing and distribution to the user who is using the transmitting or receiving user terminal. And As a result, the business base of the content editing service center based on diversified content editing requests from users is established. For example, the content editing service center charges the source user who desires editing according to the content amount, editing method, editing content, distribution method, number of distribution users, and the like. If the user wants to make the edited content open to the public, the content editing service center may charge the user who wants to distribute the content and return a part of the amount to the source user.

Further, in the content editing system of the present invention, when the transmitting user terminal notifies use of the content held by the content providing center, the content providing center charges the content editing service center a content usage fee, The content editing service center is characterized in that the transmitting user terminal is informed of the total amount of the charge and the charge and charges the user who is using the transmitting or receiving user terminal. In this way, the content editing center acts as an intermediary between the user and the content providing center for use of the content, thereby realizing a quick and reliable editing service. This is because not only is the money flow stabilized, but the content editing center that actually edits can centrally manage the content of edits and distribution destinations desired by the user, and the content information provided by the content providing center. It is preferable because it can deal with security and copyright issues.

The content editing system of the present invention is characterized in that the usage fee of the content is set based on the capacity of the content. This makes it possible to set a more uniform charge.

Further, in the content editing system of the present invention, the content editing request is designated using the user interface screen prepared by the content editing service center, and the designated content and the content to be edited are transmitted to the content editing service center. It is characterized by performing by doing. As a result, it becomes possible to clearly and simply convey the editing content desired by the user to the content editing service.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment> FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a content editing system according to the present invention. The content editing system includes a photographing device 10, a user terminal 20, a communication line network 30, and a content editing service center 40. The image capturing apparatus 10 includes a camera head unit 11, a signal processing unit 12, and an interface unit 13. The user terminal 20 includes a display unit 21, a recording unit 22, and an operation unit 2
3 and an interface unit 25. Imaging device 1
The video data shot at 0 is input to the user terminal 20 via the recording medium 14. Communication network 30
Connects the user terminal 20 and the content editing service center 40. Content Editing Service Center 4
0 comprises a content database 41, an interface section 42, and a content editing section 43.

The operation of this content editing system will be described. Here, the content owned by the user is personal video data captured by the image capturing apparatus 10. That is, the image is converted into a signal by the camera head unit 11, converted into image data for recording by the signal processing unit 12, and recorded on the recording medium 14 through the interface unit 13. The recording medium 14 is removable and is, for example, a VTR tape or a magneto-optical disk. Video data captured by the image capturing device 10 can be input to the reproducing device (user terminal 20) through the recording medium 14. The video data may be recorded as digital data or analog data. In the case of analog, it will be digitized by the user terminal.
The user stores in the recording unit 22 that is internal to the user terminal 20,
Capture the video data taken from the recording medium 14,
Video data is sent from the interface unit 25 to the content editing service center 40 via the communication network 30.

Next, the content editing service center 40
Captures the video data sent from the user into the content editing unit 43 via the interface unit 42, and edits the image as desired by the user. In some cases, it is possible to add necessary contents from the contents database 41 held by the contents editing service center 40. The content editing service center 40 transmits the edited data to the user terminal 20 via the communication line network 30. The user uses the display unit 21 of the user terminal 20.
At, you can check the edited content.

The user terminal 20 has a display unit 21,
Although the recording unit 22, the operation unit 23, and the interface unit 112 are configured, the configuration is not particularly limited to this. The video data sent from the user is preferably added with the content of the editing service requested by the user, but the user's request may be notified by another person, or the content editing section 43 is initialized. May be.

The terminal of the user who receives the edited video data may be the same as that at the time of transmission or may be different. In addition to this, it is also possible to distribute the edited video data to other users via different communication line networks, or to request the content editing service center to open it to the public via the Internet. Here, the video information is taken as an example, but of course, it is equally effective for general audio information, text information, or a content in which these are combined.

<Second Embodiment> FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the content editing system according to the present invention. The same parts as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals. This content editing system includes a photographing device 10, a user terminal 20, communication networks 30, 60, a content editing service center 50, and a content providing center 70.
It consists of and.

In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the content editing service center 50 is connected to a content providing center 70 and a VPN (Virtual Private Ne).
(work: virtual private network) 60,
This point is different from the first embodiment in FIG. The content providing center 70 is configured to include at least an AV data storage unit 71 and an AV data output unit 72. The content providing center 70 includes the content database 51, the interface unit 52, and the like as in the first embodiment. The content editing section 53 is provided, and an AV data receiving section 54 is further added.

Here, the VPN is a network group having a closed network, which is connected to a network after security such as End-End (end-end) data encryption, user authentication and access control. It is constructed and can use the Internet etc. as a virtual dedicated network. This makes it possible to prevent unauthorized access to the content data by a third party and protect the copyright of the content.

The operation of this content editing system will be described. The operations of the image capturing apparatus 10 and the user terminal 20 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and therefore their explanations are omitted. The content editing service center 50 uses the user terminal 2
The video data sent from 0 is taken into the content editing section 53 via the interface section 52 and edited by the user. Here, it is possible to add necessary contents from the AV data supplied from the contents providing center 70.

Here, when the user himself requests a reply to himself, the edited video data is distributed in the reverse direction along the same route as at the time of transmission. The terminal of the user who receives the edited video data may be the same as or different from that at the time of transmission, but here the system is such that the edited video can be confirmed by the display unit 211 of the same terminal. In addition to this, it is also possible to distribute the edited video data to other users via different communication line networks, or to request the content editing service center to open it to the public via the Internet. Here, the video information is given as an example, but of course, the same is also valid for general audio information text information or content in which these are combined.

<Specific Example> The embodiment of the content editing system of the present invention has been described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, but a more specific system configuration example is shown in FIG. First,
The content edit requester creates an original content using the content creation device 301. Here, video 3
01a, camera 301b, and microphone 301c are shown, but various things such as computer graphic (OG) images and animations created on a PC, text documents, and the like are conceivable. Once these contents are taken into one's own information terminal (sending user terminal) 302, the desired editing content is added and the content editing service center 30
Send to 5. The communication line network A 303 used here is preferably an internet line, but it is also possible to use a unique cable, wireless line, or the like.

Next, the content editing service center 30
Reference numeral 5 edits the received content by using the content from the content providing center 304 according to the content of the received request, if necessary. There are various possible content provision centers, but in general TV
It is a station, a radio station, or an Internet company, and the content right to be provided may be originally free or based on a contract between the parties.

Next, the edited content is delivered to each user in a format according to the receiving terminal of the user, according to the request of the requester. For example, in the case of a reply to itself, to the terminal 302 which is the receiving user terminal via the same communication line network A303, and in the case of distribution to a third party, the terminal 309 of the distribution destination A via the communication line network B308. To the terminal 310 of the distribution destination B, and further to the mobile telephone station 306 via the base station 307 if the terminal 311 of the distribution destination C is a mobile information terminal capable of wireless communication such as a mobile phone. Is.

FIG. 4 is an example of "history (tentative name)" showing what kind of content editing is actually requested.
This is an example in which you have the original content that you own well edited, edit the original contents that represent your life up to now into images and songs that symbolize that time, and edit it as a series of new contents Is. In this case, as the original contents, there are a moving image 401 such as a video, a still image 402 such as a photograph or a picture, a voice 403 such as a musical instrument performance or a singing voice, and other 404 such as a self-made CG or animation or a text document. The content database 406 held by the content providing center 304 can be added and edited by the 305 to create the edited content 405 “history”. Of course, the configuration can be arbitrarily specified by the user. Such editing is very difficult without the existence of the system.

In the example of FIG. 4, when the edited content is delivered only to oneself, FIG. 5 is given as an example of a specific sequence. When a user who wants to edit wants to receive this content editing service, the user terminal 3
02 makes a service request to the content editing service center 305 (S1). Upon receiving the service request, the content editing service center 305 retrieves serviceable content information from the content information database and displays a menu screen on the display unit of the user terminal 302 (S2). The menu screen shows editing methods, distribution methods, etc., and the user selects a desired service (S3). Next, the content editing service center 305 provides the content data required for content editing requested by the user with the content providing center 3
04 is inquired (S4) (omitted if unnecessary).
In response to the inquiry, the content providing center 304 charges the content providing fee to the content editing service center 3
05 (S5). The content editing service center 305 informs the user terminal 302 of the service charge considering the content providing charge (S6). The user confirms the service charge and sends the original content from the user terminal 302 to request the service (S
7).

Subsequently, the content editing service center 305 makes a content data reception request to the content providing center 304 (S8), and the content data is distributed (S9). The distributed content data is edited by the content editing section of the content editing service center 305 as requested by the user (S10). The edited edited content data is distributed to the user terminal 302 (S11) and stored in the recording unit of the user terminal 302. After confirming the distribution of the edited content data, the service charge is paid from the user terminal 302 to the content editing service center 305 (S12), and then the content providing fee is paid from the content editing service center 305 to the content providing center 304 (S13). ), A series of services ends.

Here, the fee payment process will be described. The user also confirms and registers the fee payment with the credit card company at the time of the fee confirmation / service request process in S7. Generally, SSL (Secure Socket La
yer) will be used for payment registration. here,
If the credit card company successfully authenticates the user,
The content editing service center 305 has received a service request from an official user, and then S8-
The process of S11 is performed.

Next, on the cash withdrawal date designated by the credit card company (card settlement date), the confirmed service charge is deducted from the user's savings (generally, the user's designated bank account), and the contents are processed in the step S12. The fee will be paid to the editing service providing center 305. Of these, content provision center 30
The content provision fee requested by 4 in the step of S5 is
As shown in the process of S13, the contents providing center 304 is paid. The above example is an example of a sequence for receiving the service, and is not limited to this.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a request method using the user terminal 302. This is a method in which a user who requests content editing confirms and notifies the desired editing content by filling in a request form prepared by the content editing center. Here, work on the user terminal is illustrated. First, on the request content selection screen 601, what kind of editing is desired for the original content held by the user is selected. As shown in FIG. 4, "content addition edit" for adding new contents by adding other contents, "digest edit" for extracting and editing a certain object or scene from a large amount of contents, and original contents Various editing contents such as "format conversion" to adapt the format to another terminal or line or a combination thereof can be considered.

Next, on the finish form designation screen 602, the output form after content editing is designated. For example,
A combination of moving images, still images, audio, and text can be considered. For example, when a video image is to be edited with back music and / or sound effects, a moving image with sound is designated as the editing form. In addition, it may be possible to deliver audio content in text form to a deaf user.

Next, specific edit contents are designated on the edit setting screen 603. Here, "content addition editing" in which video, audio, and text are combined in a timetable format and content other than the original is also used is taken as an example. For example, if the user wants to use the content held by the content editing service center or the content providing center at the beginning of the video sequence, the additional content search screen 6
Go to 05 and select, for example, genre search to select specific content, and add additional video content (here, A-
Select 1). Original content O after A-1
When -1 is desired to be arranged, the process proceeds to the original content selection screen 606, and O-1 is selected from the directory.
Similarly, a video sequence such as O-2 and A-2 is completed. In synchronization with this, the voice, text, etc. can be edited as necessary.

For example, appropriate music B-1 and headline C-1 are applied to the image A-1, and audio O-9 and B-2 are assigned to the image O-1 with a scene change as a boundary, and the text is displayed. The original content is originally a video with audio O-2.
In such a case, the user can freely specify that it should be used as it is without inserting text. Further, the process of connecting the contents proceeds to the connection part setting screen 607 to select a desired effect. The video sequence is created in this way, and the audio and text sequences are also created in synchronization with this. Such editing would be effective for making a self-made movie. In this case, a method of requesting a subtitle superimposing audio data as text data may be considered.
Of course, it is more preferable that a desired language can be designated for the subtitle supermarket.

Next, on the delivery destination format designation screen 604, the delivery destination, delivery method, delivery format, etc. are designated. Various designation methods are conceivable, but as an example, there is a designation method according to the CPU, memory, and display quality of the receiving terminal. It is also possible to specify only the capacity, and in some cases, specify that the image quality and sound quality be reduced before distribution.

In FIG. 6, the address a on the Internet line
Less than 500M to a @ xxx, 1 to bb @ xxx
Phone number 090-yy over wireless line with capacity less than 00M
CIF image (352 x 28)
8) As an example, 2 MPEG4 images are broadcasted via the Z broadcasting station.
It specifies delivery in less than 0 minutes. If the capacity is far, the contents can be partially changed, the compression method and the image quality can be changed. For wireless transmission, it can be transmitted by bucket communication, and for broadcasting, it can be transmitted as a video stream via a broadcasting station.

Furthermore, in the case of an emergency such as a disaster, if the distribution content is deemed necessary and acceptable from a public standpoint, it is possible to use a general broadcasting station with almost no human editing. It is also conceivable that the information may be distributed as a TV broadcast to the general public in a specified or unspecified area via the information. When terrestrial digital broadcasting begins in the future, it will be possible to receive broadcasts on mobile terminals, and it will also be possible to provide information such as highly urgent images taken directly on site as emergency information to the general public going out. Finally, the confirmation is performed on the screen displaying the delivery destination and the fee, and finally the original content is transmitted to the content editing service center to complete the request.

[0048]

According to the present invention, in the content editing service center, at least one of the content editing unit for editing the content transmitted from the user terminal and the content edited by the content editing unit is provided in at least one of the user terminals. And means for sending to
It is possible to edit the content according to the preference of the user who requests the content editing service center to deliver it to each receiving side user in a desired format and communication line network.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a content editing system according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of a content editing system according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a specific example of a content editing system according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of edited content.

FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram showing an editing service in the content editing system.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a content edit request screen on the user terminal.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Imaging device 11 Camera head section 12 Signal processing unit 13 Interface section 14 Recording media 20 user terminals 21 Display 22 Recording section 23 Operation part 25 Interface section 30,60 communication line network 40 Content Editing Service Center 41 content database 42 Interface section 43 Content Editor 50 Content Editing Service Center 51 content database 52 Interface section 53 Content Editor 54 Data Receiver 70 Content Center 71 Data storage 72 Data output section 301 Content production equipment 301a video 301b camera 301c microphone 302 user terminal 302 Information terminal 302 terminal 304 Content Center 305 Content Editing Service Center 306 Mobile telephone office 307 base station 309, 310, 311 terminals 401 videos 402 still image 403 Original audio content 404 Other original content 405 content database 406 edited content 601 Request content selection screen 602 Form designation screen 603 Edit setting screen 604 Delivery destination format specification screen 605 Additional content search screen 606 Original content selection screen 607 Connection part setting screen

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) H04H 1/02 H04H 1/02 F H04N 5/91 H04N 5/91 N (72) Inventor Shunichi Sato Osaka Prefecture 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi F-term in Sharp Corporation (reference) 5C053 FA14 FA28 JA21 LA01 LA06 LA14 5C064 BA07 BB10 BC18 BC20 BC23 BC25 BD01 BD08

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A transmitting user terminal having a content transmitting function, a receiving user terminal having the same or different content from the transmitting user terminal having a content receiving function, and content editing connected to the user terminal via a communication network. A content editing system comprising a service center, wherein the content editing service center edits content transmitted from the transmitting user terminal, and receives the content edited by the content editing section. A content editing system comprising means for transmitting to a user terminal. 2. The content editing service center includes a content storage unit, and the content editing unit in the content editing service center combines the content owned by the content storage unit and the content transmitted from the transmitting user terminal. The content editing system according to claim 1, further comprising a function for editing. 3. A content providing center coupled to the content editing service center via a communication line network, wherein the content editing unit in the content editing service center includes content provided from the content providing center and the content providing center. The content editing system according to claim 1, further comprising a function of synthesizing and editing the content transmitted from the transmitting user terminal. 4. A content providing center coupled to the content editing service center via a communication network, the content editing service center including a content storage unit, and the content editing unit owned by the content storage unit. The content editing system according to claim 1, further comprising a function of synthesizing and editing the content to be played, the content provided from the content providing center, and the content transmitted from the sending user terminal. 5. The content providing center is a broadcasting station that performs video broadcasting by broadcasting, and the actually broadcasted video data can be stored in the content data storage unit. The described content editing system. 6. The content editing system according to claim 1, wherein the content editing service center performs a designated format conversion on the content data. 7. The content editing service center delivers the content to the receiving user terminal, which is the delivery destination of the edited content, in a designated format and in a communication line network. The content editing system according to claim 6. 8. The content editing service center charges a fee corresponding to a specified editing / delivery to a user who is using the transmitting or receiving user terminal. 7. The content editing system according to any one of 7. 9. The content providing center charges the content editing service center a content usage fee when the sending user terminal reports the use of the content held by the content providing center, and the content editing service center sends the content user a charge. 6. The content editing system according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein the terminal is notified of the total amount of the fee and the charge, and the user who uses the transmitting or receiving user terminal is charged. 10. The content editing system according to claim 9, wherein the usage fee of the content is set based on the capacity of the content. 11. The content editing request is made by designating using a user interface screen prepared by the content editing service center and transmitting the designated content and the content to be edited to the content editing service center. The content editing system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.