JP2003119527A - Lead-free copper alloy for sliding part - Google Patents
Lead-free copper alloy for sliding partInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003119527A JP2003119527A JP2001314994A JP2001314994A JP2003119527A JP 2003119527 A JP2003119527 A JP 2003119527A JP 2001314994 A JP2001314994 A JP 2001314994A JP 2001314994 A JP2001314994 A JP 2001314994A JP 2003119527 A JP2003119527 A JP 2003119527A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- less
- alloy
- lead
- copper alloy
- seizure resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、耐焼付性及び耐摩
耗性に優れた摺動部用無鉛銅合金に係わる。主たる使用
用途としては、油圧ユニットに組み込まれるシリンダー
ブロックやピストンシュー、バルブプレート、オートマ
チックトランスミッション用ベアリングやプレート、カ
ーエアコン用斜板等がある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lead-free copper alloy for sliding parts which has excellent seizure resistance and wear resistance. Main applications include cylinder blocks and piston shoes incorporated in hydraulic units, valve plates, bearings and plates for automatic transmissions, and swash plates for car air conditioners.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】現在、摺動部用材料として、Cu-Zn
系(CAC202〜203)、Cu−Zn−Pb系(D
IN規格材 CuZn40Pb2等)が使用されてお
り、被削性が良く、耐焼付性が良いとされている。2. Description of the Related Art Currently, Cu-Zn is used as a material for sliding parts.
System (CAC202-203), Cu-Zn-Pb system (D
IN standard material such as CuZn40Pb2) is used, and it is said that it has good machinability and good seizure resistance.
【0003】しかしながら、近年、Pbの有毒性が問わ
れており、環境問題及び人体に及ぼす影響が懸念されて
いる中、Pbの使用規制が厳しくなっている。前述のC
u−Zn系(CAC202〜203)、Cu−Zn−P
b系(DIN規格材 CuZn40Pb2等)の材料
は、Pbを含有しているため無鉛化への対応が困難であ
る。However, in recent years, the toxicity of Pb has been questioned, and there are concerns about environmental problems and effects on the human body. C mentioned above
u-Zn system (CAC202-203), Cu-Zn-P
Since b-based materials (DIN standard material CuZn40Pb2 etc.) contain Pb, it is difficult to deal with lead-free.
【0004】また、油圧機器及びミッションの高性能化
や、カーエアコンの高回転化などにより、従来の摺動部
用材料では、耐摩耗性が不足してきている。Further, due to the high performance of hydraulic equipment and missions and the high rotation speed of car air conditioners, the conventional sliding part materials are becoming insufficient in wear resistance.
【0005】一方、本願出願人は、先に、無鉛快削黄銅
合金として、特願平6−123213号(特開平7−3
10133号)合金を開発したが、この合金で必須とし
て添加されるSn元素は、摺動部材としても適応される
が、主に脱亜鉛腐食を防止することを目的としており、
上記した高性能化や高回転化の摺動部の摺動用材料とし
ては満足し得ないものであった。On the other hand, the applicant of the present invention has previously proposed, as a lead-free free-cutting brass alloy, Japanese Patent Application No. 6-123213 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-313).
No. 10133) alloy was developed. The Sn element, which is added as an essential element in this alloy, is also applied as a sliding member, but its main purpose is to prevent dezincification corrosion.
It was not satisfactory as a sliding material for the above-mentioned sliding parts having high performance and high rotation.
【0006】本発明は、上記の実情に鑑み開発されたも
ので、無鉛化への対応が可能であり、被削性と耐焼付性
を確保し、さらに、耐摩耗性をも向上させた摺動部用無
鉛銅合金を提供することを目的としている。The present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and is capable of dealing with lead-free, ensuring machinability and seizure resistance, and further improving abrasion resistance. It is intended to provide a lead-free copper alloy for moving parts.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めに、本発明は、重量%で、Zn:20〜45%、B
i:0.1〜4%、Mn:0.1〜6%を含有し、残部
がCu及び不純物よりなる耐焼付性に優れた摺動部用無
鉛銅合金を構成した。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides Zn: 20 to 45% by weight, B:
A lead-free copper alloy for a sliding part, which contains i: 0.1 to 4% and Mn: 0.1 to 6%, and the balance of which is Cu and impurities and which is excellent in seizure resistance.
【0008】また、重量%で、(a)Zn:20〜45
%、Bi:0.1〜4%、Mn:0.1〜6%を含有
し、更に、(b)Ni:4%以下,Si:3%以下,A
l:6%以下,Sb:1%以下よりなる群から選ばれる
少なくとも1種以上の元素を含有し、残部がCu及び不
純物よりなる耐焼付性に優れた摺動部用無鉛銅合金をも
構成した。Further, in weight%, (a) Zn: 20 to 45
%, Bi: 0.1 to 4%, Mn: 0.1 to 6%, and (b) Ni: 4% or less, Si: 3% or less, A
l: 6% or less, Sb: at least one element selected from the group consisting of 1% or less, and the balance also comprises a lead-free copper alloy for sliding parts which is excellent in seizure resistance and is composed of Cu and impurities did.
【0009】さらに、重量%で、(a)Zn:20〜4
5%、Bi:0.1〜4%、Mn:0.1〜6%を含有
し、更に、(b)Ni:4%以下,Si:3%以下,A
l:6%以下,Sb:1%以下よりなる群から選ばれる
少なくとも1種以上の元素と、(c)Fe:3%以下,
Co:3%以下,Ti:3%以下,Mo:1%以下,C
r:1%以下,Zr:2%以下,Nb:1%以下,V:
1%以下よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の
元素とを含有し、残部がCu及び不純物よりなる耐焼付
性及び耐摩耗性に優れた摺動部用無鉛銅合金をも構成し
た。Further, in weight%, (a) Zn: 20 to 4
5%, Bi: 0.1 to 4%, Mn: 0.1 to 6%, and (b) Ni: 4% or less, Si: 3% or less, A
l: 6% or less, Sb: at least one element selected from the group consisting of 1% or less, and (c) Fe: 3% or less,
Co: 3% or less, Ti: 3% or less, Mo: 1% or less, C
r: 1% or less, Zr: 2% or less, Nb: 1% or less, V:
A lead-free copper alloy for a sliding part, which contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of 1% or less and whose balance is Cu and impurities and which is excellent in seizure resistance and wear resistance, was also formed.
【0010】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、本発明合金の構成成分につ
いて、その作用と含有量の限定理由について説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, with respect to the constituent components of the alloy of the present invention, the action and the reason for limiting the content will be described.
【0011】1.Zn
Znは、マトリックスに固溶して材料の強度を向上させ
るので、最低20wt%必要である。しかし、45wt
%を超えると脆弱なγ相が析出してくる。またZnは蒸
気圧が高いため、溶解時の酸化やガス吸収を防止する。1. Zn Zn is required as a minimum of 20 wt% because it forms a solid solution in the matrix to improve the strength of the material. However, 45 wt
If it exceeds%, a brittle γ phase will precipitate. Since Zn has a high vapor pressure, it prevents oxidation and gas absorption during dissolution.
【0012】2.Bi
Biの添加は、本発明合金の被削性及び耐焼付性を左右
する。Pbと基本特性が類似しているBiは、低融点元
素のため、摺動による発熱に対し、優れた自己潤滑性を
発揮し、焼付を防止する。また、合金のマトリックスに
ほとんど固溶せず粒状に点在しており、切削時に合金素
地がBi粒子で剪断されるため、切粉が細かく切削性が
改善される。2. The addition of Bi Bi affects the machinability and seizure resistance of the alloy of the present invention. Bi, which has similar basic characteristics to Pb, is a low melting point element, and therefore exhibits excellent self-lubricating property against heat generated by sliding and prevents seizure. Further, the alloy matrix is hardly solid-solved and is scattered in a granular form, and the alloy base is sheared by the Bi particles during cutting, so that the chips are fine and the machinability is improved.
【0013】3.Mn
Mnは、溶湯内の酸素を除去(脱酸)し、湯流れ及び溶
湯の品位を向上させると共に、延性を改善する。合金中
のMnは、マトリックスに均一に晶出し、合金の耐摩耗
性を改善させる。さらに、(b)Ni,Si,Al,S
b群、及び(c)Fe,Co,Ti,Mo,Cr,Z
r,Nb,V群からなる元素と全量または一部が結合
し、金属間化合物を形成し、耐摩耗性を大幅に改善す
る。3. Mn Mn removes oxygen (deoxidizes) in the molten metal, improves the molten metal flow and the quality of the molten metal, and improves the ductility. Mn in the alloy crystallizes uniformly in the matrix and improves the wear resistance of the alloy. Further, (b) Ni, Si, Al, S
b group, and (c) Fe, Co, Ti, Mo, Cr, Z
All or part of the elements consisting of r, Nb, and V groups are combined to form an intermetallic compound, which greatly improves wear resistance.
【0014】4.(b)Ni,Si,Al群
(b)Ni,Si,Al群の添加は、マトリックスを強
化すると共に、Mnまたは(c)Fe,Co,Ti,M
o,Cr,Zr,Nb,V群と結合して、硬い金属間化
合物を生成し、耐摩耗性,耐焼付性を向上させる。添加
量が所定量より多いとハードスポットを生成し、被削性
や摩耗特性を損なう。4. (B) Ni, Si, Al group (b) Addition of Ni, Si, Al group strengthens the matrix and (M) or (c) Fe, Co, Ti, M
Combines with the O, Cr, Zr, Nb, and V groups to form a hard intermetallic compound and improve wear resistance and seizure resistance. If the added amount is more than the predetermined amount, hard spots are generated and machinability and wear characteristics are impaired.
【0015】5.(c)Fe,Co,Ti,Mo,C
r,Zr,Nb,V群
(c)Fe,Co,Ti,Mo,Cr,Zr,Nb,V
群の添加は、結晶粒を微細化し、伸びを改善すると共
に、Mnまたは(b)Ni,Si,Al群と結合して、
硬い金属間化合物を生成し、耐摩耗性を向上させる。添
加量が所定量より多いとハードスポットを生成し、被削
性や摩耗特性を損なう。5. (C) Fe, Co, Ti, Mo, C
r, Zr, Nb, V group (c) Fe, Co, Ti, Mo, Cr, Zr, Nb, V
The addition of the group refines the crystal grains and improves the elongation, and at the same time, combines with Mn or (b) Ni, Si, and Al groups,
Produces a hard intermetallic compound and improves wear resistance. If the added amount is more than the predetermined amount, hard spots are generated and machinability and wear characteristics are impaired.
【0016】6.Sb
Sbは、Biと共に被削性と耐焼付性を向上させるが、
1%を超えると靱性を損なう。6. Sb Sb improves machinability and seizure resistance together with Bi,
If it exceeds 1%, the toughness is impaired.
【0017】[0017]
【実施例】(1)供試材
本発明実施例材料を表1に示し、比較例材料を表2に示
した。この表1及び表2に示したNo.1〜No.1
0、及びNo.A〜No.Cの成分からなる合金を、高
周波誘導炉にて溶製した。その合金を、φ55×100
L金型、及びJIS E号 供試材に鋳造した。EXAMPLES (1) Test Material Table 1 shows the material of the present invention, and Table 2 shows the material of the comparative example. No. shown in Table 1 and Table 2 1-No. 1
0, and No. A-No. An alloy composed of the component C was melted in a high frequency induction furnace. The alloy is φ55 × 100
It was cast into an L die and JIS E test material.
【表1】 [Table 1]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0018】(2)引張試験,硬さ試験
各材質のJIS E号 供試材から、JIS Z 22
01 14A号引張試験片(硬度片付)を機械加工し、
各試験を行った。その結果を表3に示す。(2) Tensile test and hardness test From JIS E test materials of each material, JIS Z 22
01 Machining No. 14A tensile test piece (with hardness piece),
Each test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 3.
【表3】 [Table 3]
【0019】(3)摩耗試験
表1及び表2の合金13種類を、φ55×100L素材
から図1の試験片に加工した。相手材として図2に示す
形状の試験片を用い、スラスト摩耗試験を表4に示す2
種類の評価方法で行い、その結果を表5に示した。(3) Abrasion test Thirteen kinds of alloys shown in Tables 1 and 2 were processed from φ55 × 100L material into test pieces shown in FIG. A test piece having the shape shown in FIG. 2 is used as a mating material, and the thrust wear test is shown in Table 4.
Various types of evaluation methods were used, and the results are shown in Table 5.
【表4】 [Table 4]
【表5】 [Table 5]
【0020】[0020]
【発明の効果】表5の結果から分かるように、本発明実
施例合金はいずれも、従来の摺動部用材料として使用さ
れているCu−Zn系(CAC202相当材)やCu−
Zn−Pb系(DIN規格 CuZn40Pb2相当
材)よりは優れた耐焼付性及び耐摩耗性を有している。
また、Pbを含有していないので、無鉛化への対応が可
能である。しかも、本出願人が先に開発したSn添加無
鉛快削黄銅合金(特開平7−310133号発明合金)
よりも優れた耐焼付性と耐摩耗性を有している。As can be seen from the results of Table 5, the alloys of the present invention are all Cu--Zn based materials (equivalent to CAC202) and Cu-- which have been used as conventional sliding part materials.
It has better seizure resistance and wear resistance than the Zn-Pb system (DIN standard CuZn40Pb2 equivalent material).
Further, since it does not contain Pb, it is possible to deal with lead-free. Moreover, the Sn-added lead-free free-cutting brass alloy previously developed by the applicant (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-310133)
It has better seizure resistance and wear resistance.
【0021】従って、本発明合金は、高性能化された油
圧機器やミッション、或いは高回転化されたカーエアコ
ン等の高度な耐摩耗性能が要求される摺動部用材料とし
て使用するのに最適である。Therefore, the alloy of the present invention is most suitable for use as a material for sliding parts that require a high degree of wear resistance in hydraulic equipment and missions with high performance, or car air conditioners with high rotation speed. Is.
【図1】試験片を説明する図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a test piece.
【図2】相手材を説明する図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a mating member.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 矢後 亘 富山県中新川郡立山町西芦原新1番地の1 中越合金鋳工株式会社内 (72)発明者 市田 賢一 富山県中新川郡立山町西芦原新1番地の1 中越合金鋳工株式会社内 (72)発明者 竹内 和夫 富山県中新川郡立山町西芦原新1番地の1 中越合金鋳工株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Wataru Yago 1 of Nishi-Ashihara New Tateyama Town, Nakashingawa District, Toyama Prefecture Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenichi Ichida 1 of Nishi-Ashihara New Tateyama Town, Nakashingawa District, Toyama Prefecture Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuo Takeuchi 1 of Nishi-Ashihara New Tateyama Town, Nakashingawa District, Toyama Prefecture Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd.
Claims (3)
0.1〜4%、Mn:0.1〜6%を含有し、残部がC
u及び不純物よりなる耐焼付性に優れた摺動部用無鉛銅
合金。1. By weight percent, Zn: 20-45%, Bi:
0.1 to 4%, Mn: 0.1 to 6%, balance C
Lead-free copper alloy for sliding parts, which is made of u and impurities and has excellent seizure resistance.
Bi:0.1〜4%、Mn:0.1〜6%を含有し、更
に、(b)Ni:4%以下,Si:3%以下,Al:6
%以下,Sb:1%以下よりなる群から選ばれる少なく
とも1種以上の元素を含有し、残部がCu及び不純物よ
りなる耐焼付性に優れた摺動部用無鉛銅合金。2. A weight ratio of (a) Zn: 20 to 45%,
Bi: 0.1 to 4%, Mn: 0.1 to 6%, and (b) Ni: 4% or less, Si: 3% or less, Al: 6
%, Sb: 1% or less, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu and impurities, the balance being Cu and impurities, which is excellent in seizure resistance.
Bi:0.1〜4%、Mn:0.1〜6%を含有し、更
に、(b)Ni:4%以下,Si:3%以下,Al:6
%以下,Sb:1%以下よりなる群から選ばれる少なく
とも1種以上の元素と、(c)Fe:3%以下,Co:
3%以下,Ti:3%以下,Mo:1%以下,Cr:1
%以下,Zr:2%以下,Nb:1%以下,V:1%以
下よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素と
を含有し、残部がCu及び不純物よりなる耐焼付性及び
耐摩耗性に優れた摺動部用無鉛銅合金。3. A weight percentage of (a) Zn: 20-45%,
Bi: 0.1 to 4%, Mn: 0.1 to 6%, and (b) Ni: 4% or less, Si: 3% or less, Al: 6
% Or less, Sb: at least one element selected from the group consisting of 1% or less, and (c) Fe: 3% or less, Co:
3% or less, Ti: 3% or less, Mo: 1% or less, Cr: 1
% Or less, Zr: 2% or less, Nb: 1% or less, V: 1% or less, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu and impurities, the balance being seizure resistance and wear resistance. Lead-free copper alloy with excellent properties for sliding parts.
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