JP2003106954A - Measuring part for soil condition measuring system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a measuring part for a soil condition measuring system measuring soil condition without influence from salinity of a surface layer of soil. SOLUTION: A soil removing tool 21 scraping off soil of the surface layer in a sampling position of a soil sampler 17 in a field before soil sampling work and removing the soil outside a sampling range is attached to a measuring part 1 side in front of the soil sampler 17 sampling soil in a measuring position and supplying it to a side of a detector 19 detecting the soil condition by contact or non-contact to the soil.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a measuring section of a soil measuring system.

[0002]

[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Conventionally, the nitrogen concentration of soil and the state of nutrients such as EC (soil state) in a field are expressed in a map form to obtain data on variations in the soil state in the field. Based on this data, an agricultural method (precision farming method) is known in which the amount of fertilizer applied is changed so as to make the field condition uniform and the yield in the field is improved. Therefore, in order for farmers and the like to adopt the above-mentioned precision farming method, a measurement system for measuring the field condition was necessary.

As the above-mentioned measuring system, a dedicated one that can be mounted on a work vehicle such as a tractor is known, and in this measuring system, the measuring section is attached to the tiller side. Then, usually, the plowing device is lowered into the field to insert the measuring unit into the field to measure the soil. However, the surface layer of soil generally has a high salinity, so that nutrients cannot be accurately detected due to the influence of the surface layer of the soil, and as a result, the measurement result has a large error.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The measuring section of a soil measuring system of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems comprises a measuring section 1 for contacting the soil of a field and detecting the state of the soil. Has a detector 19 for detecting the state of the soil in contact or non-contact with the soil, and a soil sampling tool 17 for sampling the soil at the measurement position in the field and supplying it to the detector 19 side. In the soil condition measuring system for measuring the soil condition of a field based on the detection result by the section 1, the soil collecting tool 1
In front of 7, a soil removing tool 21 that scrapes off the surface soil at the position of the soil collecting tool 17 in the field before the soil collecting operation of the soil collecting tool 17 and discharges it out of the sampling range is provided in the measuring unit 1.
The first feature is that it is installed on the side.

Further, the soil sampling tool 17 side collects soil for a preset time and supplies the soil to the detector 19 side, and after the elapse of the sampling time, supplies soil to the detector 19 for a predetermined time. Secondly, the provision of an intermittent supply means for stopping the
It is a feature of.

[0006]

1 and 2 are side views of a measuring unit 1 mounted on a cultivator 2 of a tractor equipped with a soil measuring system for measuring soil conditions (nitrogen concentration, nutrients such as EC) in a field. FIG. The soil measuring system is, as is conventionally known, a measuring unit 1 for detecting the soil condition by lowering it in the field, an analyzing unit for analyzing the soil condition from the detection data by the measuring unit 1, and a measurement result. It is composed of a display unit for displaying and an operation unit for operating the system.

Thus, the tractor inserts the measuring unit 1 for detecting the soil condition into the measuring point of the field by lowering the cultivating device 2 to the field so that the soil condition of the measuring point of the field is detected. It is possible to perform detection measurement and display the measurement result on the display unit provided in the driver's seat.

The tiller 2 is composed of a rotary 6 in which a tiller 4 is attached to a claw shaft 3 so as to be vertically movable behind a tractor as in the conventional case. The upper part of the rotary 6 is covered by a rotary main cover 8 fixedly attached to the frame 7 side of the tiller 2, and the rear side is vertically swingably supported by the rear end of the main cover 8. It is covered by the rear cover 9.

Then, the cultivator 2 is lowered to rotate the rotary 6
Is inserted into a predetermined depth (cultivation depth) of the field, and the rotary 6 is rotated to drive the tractor, so that the rotary 6 cultivates the field with the traveling of the tractor, and the cultivated soil by the rotary 6 is rear-covered. 9 leveled,
That is, the plowing work is performed at a predetermined plowing depth.

A pair of left and right brackets 11 for mounting the measuring unit 1 are provided on the right end side of the main cover 8, and a rod-shaped main frame 12 of the measuring unit 1 is vertically rocked on each bracket 11. Freely supported. The bracket 11 is provided with a stopper 15 for restricting the swing of the main frame 12 so that the main frame 12 does not swing below the horizontal direction.

The tip ends of the left and right main frames 12 are connected to each other by a horizontal frame 13.
A vertical frame 14 is provided so as to project downward from substantially the center of the left and right. Further, a support frame 16 is provided so as to project rearward from the vertical frame 14, and the frame of the measuring unit 1 is configured as described above.

On the other hand, on the rear end side of the support frame 16,
A soil collecting tool 17 for collecting soil in a field is pivotally supported so as to be vertically swingable, and a hydraulic cylinder 18 is provided between a rear end side of the soil collecting tool 17 and the vertical frame 14. That is, the soil collecting tool 17 swings the front end side up and down by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 18, the front end side is inserted into the soil when the front end side swings downward, and the front end side swings when the front end side swings upward. When the soil is taken out of the soil, the soil in the field is scraped off on the front end side and scooped up on the upper surface of the soil sampling tool 17 to collect the soil.

A sensor 1 which is a detector for detecting the soil condition by contact with the soil is provided on the upper surface of the soil collecting tool 17.
9 is attached, and the soil picked up on the upper surface of the soil sampling tool 17 and the sensor 19 come into contact with each other, so that the state of the soil sampled by the soil sampling tool 17 can be detected. There is. The sensor 19 may have a structure that detects the soil condition without contacting the soil.

On the other hand, just before the soil collecting tool 17, a soil discharging tool 21 for scraping off the soil in the surface layer of the field is attached to the vertical frame 14 side. Then, the earth removing tool 21 discharges (earths) the scraped soil right and left so that the earth collecting tool 17 does not collect the soil. The earth excavator 21 has a wedge shape in a side view, and is attached so that a sharp-edged tip faces forward and has an insertion angle a with respect to a field scene.

The earth removing tool 21 is attached to the vertical frame 14 via a bracket 22 so as to be vertically slidable, and the height of the earth removing tool 21 can be adjusted for a field scene. The measuring unit 1 is configured as described above, and can be vertically moved up and down with respect to the tractor integrally with the tiller 2.

When the soil condition is to be measured, the tiller 2 is first lowered, and the measuring section 1 is lowered together with the tiller 2. At this time, since the main frame 12 swings upward and the measuring unit 1 escapes upward when the tiller 2 descends, the rotary 6 cultivates at the set tilling depth without hindering the measuring unit 1. Is inserted into the field.

However, since the earth removing tool 21 has the above-mentioned shape, the tip is inserted to some extent in the field scene. That is, by lowering the tilling device 2, the rotary 6 is inserted into the field according to the tilling depth, and the tip of the earth removing tool 21 is inserted into the field while the measuring unit 1 swings upward and escapes. .

Then, after lowering the cultivating device 2 as described above, the rotary 6 cultivates the field by running the tractor while the rotary 6 is rotating, but the tractor is cultivated in the field before cultivating. As the vehicle travels, the earth removing tool 21 is thrust into the field and inserted to a predetermined working depth. As a result, the earth removing tool 21 removes earth from the surface layer of the field.

On the other hand, when the earth removing tool 21 reaches the predetermined working depth, the hydraulic cylinder 18 is automatically operated and the earth collecting tool 17 is swung downward by the function of the soil measuring system. The detection of the soil state is started, and the soil sampling tool 17 inserts the tip into the soil to scoop the soil in the excavated portion of the field as described above.
Supply to the side. As a result, the sensor 19 detects the soil condition and sends the detection result to the analysis unit side.

When the earth removing tool 21 reaches the working depth, the main frame 12 is restricted by the stopper 15 and becomes substantially horizontal. For this reason, a sensor 20 is provided on the stopper 15 side to detect that the main frame 12 has become substantially horizontal, that is, the sensor 20 allows the soil eliminator 2
1 can detect that the working depth has been reached, and as a result, the detection of the soil condition is started.

At this time, the soil collecting tool 17 is inserted into the field for a predetermined time by automatic driving of the hydraulic cylinder 18 by the intermittent supplying means, the rocking of which is controlled by the intermittent supplying means on the measuring system side. Soil is supplied to the upper surface side of the soil collecting tool 17, and when this insertion time has elapsed, the insertion is canceled (swing upward), and the supply of soil to the upper surface of the soil collecting tool 17 is stopped.

That is, the soil collecting tool 17 is intermittently inserted into the field, and once the insertion is released, a new soil is placed on the upper surface of the soil collecting tool 17 for a predetermined time until it is inserted again into the field. Therefore, the sensor 19 stably measures the predetermined supplied soil during the soil supply stop time, and can output a more accurate detection result.

Further, since the soil collecting tool 17 is located right behind the soil discharging tool 21, the soil collecting tool 17 measures the soil in which the surface layer having a high salt concentration, which has a bad influence on the measured value, is soiled. , It is possible to correctly measure the nutrient concentration in the field. Since the discharging tool 21 is provided in front of the soil collecting tool 17, the soil is continuously discharged while traveling, and the sensor 19 can relatively accurately measure the soil in the continuously discharged field. it can.

As described above, the soil collecting tool 17 is not inserted into the soil until the soil removing tool 21 is located at a predetermined depth in the field, so that the soil condition is almost not affected by the surface layer of the soil. Detection can be performed, and more accurate soil condition measurement can be performed. Further, since the soil condition is detected by the sensor 19 on the upper surface side of the soil collecting tool 17, the sensor 19 is not located in the field, and the inconvenience that the sensor 19 is damaged by a stone or the like in the field is prevented.

On the other hand, a cushioning member 24 is attached to the auxiliary frame 23 connecting the left and right support frames 16.
Then, the cushioning material 24 presses the soil on the upper surface side of the soil sampling tool 17 against the sensor 19 by swinging the soil sampling tool 17 upward, and the soil measured by this is brought into close contact with the sensor 19 to measure the soil. Is done more accurately. Sensor 1
A soil fall prevention tool 27 is provided on the front side of 9 to prevent the measured soil from falling.

Further, an air nozzle 26 is attached downward to the support frame 16 side, and when the measurement of the soil on the upper surface side of the soil collecting tool 17 is completed, air is ejected from the air nozzle 26, and the air collects the soil collecting tool. The soil on 17 is blown away so that old soil does not remain when measuring the soil to be supplied next time. Therefore, the accuracy of the next soil measurement is improved. The soil may be discharged from the soil collecting tool 17 by sucking the soil instead of blowing it away. In this case, the inconvenience of scattering the soil around is prevented.

On the other hand, in the case of a tractor in which a ridge forming machine is attached to the tilling device 2, the measuring section 1 may be arranged at a position for measuring the ridge formed by the ridge forming machine or the groove portion of the ridge being formed. . This also makes it possible to eliminate the surface soil and measure the soil in a certain depth range, and to accurately measure the nutrient concentration and the like without being adversely affected by the surface soil having a high salt concentration. Further, since the measuring unit 1 measures the groove portion of the ridge, the ridge is not damaged and re-molding of the ridge becomes unnecessary.

At this time, a fertilizer application device may be attached to the tractor so that fertilizer is applied only to the inside of the ridge. As a result, the measuring unit 1 can perform accurate measurement and fertilization without being affected by the fertilizer applied, and the fertilization and soil condition can be measured at the same time, which not only improves work efficiency but also makes measurement. Fertilization according to the result can be easily performed.

In the tractor, when soil in front of the ridge forming machine is unloaded and used as a retainer for the mulch film laid behind the ridge forming machine, the soil to be unloaded is measured. You may make it measure by 1. At this time, the soil to be unloaded is cultivated soil regardless of whether it is a simultaneous process or a separate process, so it is possible to accurately measure the soil condition without being affected by the salt content of the surface soil. it can.

Furthermore, since the soil not involved in the ridge formation is measured, the measurement does not affect the formation of the ridge. Then, for soil after mulching, which is difficult to topdress or soil improvement, soil condition can be measured before mulching and fertilization can be performed according to the soil condition, so that the harvesting efficiency in the field can be improved. . Further, the above-mentioned soil collecting tool can be dispensed with.

On the other hand, in the tractor to which the tillage cultivator is connected, the measuring unit 1 may be arranged at the rear of the tillage cultivator to measure the groove of the ridge. In this case, since the soil on the surface layer is discharged by the medium tillage tiller, the soil condition can be accurately measured by the measuring unit 1 without being adversely affected by the salt concentration of the soil at the surface layer. At the same time, the soil condition can be measured and the work efficiency can be improved.

Then, the fertilizer application device is provided on the tractor connected to the medium tillage cultivator and the fertilizer is applied to the slope of the ridge to measure the soil condition in the groove of the ridge as well as the medium cultivating soil. The amount of fertilizer applied can be adjusted according to. For this reason, the cultivation work for soil cultivation, soil condition measurement work, and fertilization work are effectively performed at the same time, the working efficiency is improved, fertilizer can be applied without excess or deficiency, and pests are generated, the quality of crops is deteriorated, the growth is poor, and the eating quality is improved. It is possible to prevent defects and the like and prevent adverse effects on the environment.

[0033]

According to the structure of the present invention configured as described above, before the earth collecting work of the earth collecting tool, the earth removing tool removes the soil on the surface layer at the position where the earth collecting tool of the field collects the soil. The soil sampling tool adversely affects the measured values because it is discharged outside the sampling range.
Since the soil in which the high salt concentration in the surface layer is discharged is measured, there is an effect that the conditions such as nitrogen concentration and nutrient concentration of the soil can be accurately measured.

Further, since the soil sampling tool side is provided with the intermittent supply means, the soil is not supplied to the detector during the period when the soil supply is stopped, so that the accuracy of the soil condition measurement during the measurement is improved. However, it has the advantage that the measurement result is accurate because accurate measurement can be performed. Furthermore, since the soil supply stop time can be assigned to the measurement time, the soil measurement system is mounted on the tractor, etc. There is also an effect that the soil condition can be measured by traveling at a relatively high speed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a measuring unit of a soil measuring system attached to a cultivator of a tractor.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the measuring unit of the soil measuring system in a state where the measuring unit is attached to the tiller of the tractor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 measuring section 17 Soil sampler 19 sensor (detector) 21 excavator

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A detection unit (1) for detecting the state of soil by contacting with soil in a field, the detection unit (1) detecting the state of soil in contact or non-contact with the soil. Bowl (1
9) and a soil sampling tool (17) that collects the soil at the measurement position in the field and supplies it to the detector (19) side, and the soil condition of the field based on the detection result by the measurement unit (1). In the soil condition measuring system for measuring the soil conditioner, in front of the soil collecting tool (17), the soil in the surface layer at the position where the soil collecting tool (17) is sampled in the field is before the soil collecting operation of the soil collecting tool (17). A measuring unit of a soil measuring system in which an earthmoving tool (21) that is scraped off and discharged outside the sampling range is attached to the measuring unit (1) side. 2. The soil collecting tool (17) side collects soil for a preset time and supplies the soil to the detector (19) side, and after the elapse of the sampling time, a detector for a fixed time ( The measuring unit of the soil condition measuring system according to claim 1, further comprising an intermittent supply means for stopping the supply of soil to 19).