JP2003105930A - Flat-roofed building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent rainwater or the like from collecting on the flat roof of a flat-roofed building at low cost. SOLUTION: In a prefabricated building 20 constructed of PCa panels, a waterproof layer 23B is flatly provided on a roof slab 23A consisting of the PCa panels of a roof part 23 and an evaporation layer 1 for evaporating water collecting on the waterproof layer 23B is provided. Even if water such as rainwater is collected by some causes on the waterproof layer 23B provided on the floor slab 23A, the collected water is quickly and effectively evaporated into the atmosphere by the evaporation layer 1, so that even if the roof part 23 is made flat, water can be effectively prevented from remaining there over a long period.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a structure for flat waterproofing in a flat roof building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Flat roofs are generally constructed as roofs of buildings such as reinforced concrete (RC). In order to prevent water leakage such as rainwater from accumulating on the flat roof and causing rain leakage due to that portion, conventionally, the thickness of the entire roof slab that forms the flat roof is unidirectional. It is widely practiced to make a water gradient on the roof surface so that no water stays on the roof. In addition, a base is provided between the roof slab and the waterproof layer so that the base has a water gradient, and the ground roof of a precast concrete (PCa) plate assembly building or a lightweight aerated concrete (ALC) plate is used. In the case of a flat roof constructed by using ALC plate on the steel roof set of a building constructed by using PCa which forms the roof.
A method of arranging the plate or the ALC plate with a slight inclination is widely adopted.

[0003]

However, in the method of changing the thickness of the entire roof slab, when the planar shape of the building is complicated, the water gradient of the entire roof becomes complicated, and thus the roof slab surface is complicated. Trying to form a water gradient in
The surface shape of the roof slab becomes very complicated. Therefore, in the case of an RC building cast on site, the construction of the roof slab on site is very difficult and time-consuming, and there is a problem that the construction cost becomes high. Also, in the case of a PCa board assembly building or a building constructed using ALC boards, a PC that forms a roof slab
Since the surface shapes of the a plate and the ALC plate are extremely complicated, it is difficult to cope with them in a general mass production line in a manufacturing factory. For this reason, if you try to manufacture only the required amount of the one that matches the desired surface shape,
There is a problem that the manufacturing cost of the a plate and the ALC plate becomes extremely high.

Further, in the method of forming a water gradient in the groundwork provided between the roof slab and the waterproof layer, it takes a lot of time to build the groundwork on site, so that the construction period becomes long and the construction cost rises accordingly. There is a problem that it ends up.

In the case of a PCa board assembly building, in the method of arranging the PCa boards forming the flat roof with a slight inclination, when the planar shape of the building is complicated and the water gradient of the entire roof becomes complicated, PCa board at the construction site is There is a problem in that the cost of attaching the PCa plate becomes high because the work of attaching the plate becomes complicated and a large number of artificial parts are required. The flat roof constructed by using the ALC plate has the same problem.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it may be possible to provide a waterproof layer without forming a slope on the surface of the flat roof for flat waterproofing, but in this case, the following problems occur. (1) The waterproof material constituting the waterproof layer is required to have durability in a wet environment, and it is necessary to actually confirm sufficient performance specifications for the selection. (2) The central part of the roof slab that forms a flat roof tends to go down due to the creep phenomenon, and water tends to accumulate in this part for a long period of time, and foreign matter accumulates on that part, which adversely affects the waterproof layer. give. (3) In many cases, a protective layer is provided so as to cover the waterproof layer, but water may stay between the waterproof layer and the protective layer for a long period of time, and the staying water will die and become water. Will be deteriorated.

An object of the present invention is to provide a flat roof building which can solve the above problems in the prior art.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the invention of claim 1, in a flat roof building having a flat roof as the uppermost floor, a flat waterproof layer is provided on the flat roof, and the flat waterproof layer is provided on the flat waterproof layer. A flat roof building is proposed which is provided with a transpiration layer for evaporating the water accumulated in the ridge.

According to the invention of claim 2, in the invention of claim 1, there is proposed a flat roof building in which the flat roof is constructed by using a precast concrete plate.

According to the invention of claim 3, in the invention of claim 1, there is proposed a flat roof building in which the flat roof is constructed by using a lightweight cellular concrete plate on a steel frame roof set.

Even if water such as rainwater stays on the flat waterproof layer provided on the flat roof due to various causes, the stayed water is quickly and effectively evaporated into the atmosphere by the evaporation layer. Even if it is flat, it is possible to effectively prevent water from staying there for a long period of time.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 shows precast concrete (PC
a) A cross-sectional view showing a main part of the prefabricated building 20 using plates, 21 and 22 are outer wall members made of PCa plates, and 23A is a flat plate-shaped PCa having a uniform plate thickness for constituting the roof part 23.
It is a roof slab made of boards. The evaporation layer 1 according to the present invention is provided on the waterproof layer 23B of the roof portion 23 of the assembled building 20 constructed by assembling the outer wall materials 21 and 22 and the roof slab 23A.
Is shown.

The roof portion 23 has a flat waterproof structure in which a waterproof layer 23B made of a synthetic rubber material is provided on a roof slab 23A provided substantially horizontally. Waterproof layer 23B
Is the parapet part 21 of each of the outer wall members 21 and 22.
It is continuously applied from above the roof slab 23A so as to cover A and 22A. The waterproof layer 23B is not limited to a synthetic rubber material, but may be a known waterproof material such as a synthetic resin material or an asphalt material.

Water such as rainwater is retained on the roof portion 23 having the above-described structure, which prevents the waterproof layer 23B from being deteriorated, thereby preventing rain leakage from the roof portion 23 into the building 20. On the portion 23, the evaporation layer 1 is provided on the waterproof layer 23B so as to cover the roof portion 23. Here, the evaporation layer 1 is formed by laying a plurality of evaporation units 10 so as to be aligned in front, back, left and right so as to be in contact with each other. The plurality of evaporation units 10 are tightly coupled to each other by an appropriate method in order to prevent the evaporation units 10 from scattering.

FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the evaporation unit 10. The evaporation unit 10 will be described with reference to FIG. The evaporation unit 10 includes a porous block 11 made of a rectangular porous ceramic plate, and a water-retaining material 12 made of a non-woven fabric attached to the bottom of the porous block 11 with an adhesive or the like to have water retention. There is.
The porous block 11 is mainly composed of molten slag produced by special heat treatment of municipal waste and industrial waste,
Clay and water are added to this molten slag, which is kneaded, molded, and fired again at a high temperature.It is made of a lightweight foam material in which the bubbles formed by foaming the molten slag during the firing process are in communication. There is. A plurality of holes 11B are formed in a bottomed shape on the surface 11A of the porous block 11 so as not to penetrate the porous block 11, and each of the plurality of holes 11B has a plant with the porous block 11 as a seedbed. 13 are planted. In addition, in the present embodiment, the porous block 11 is manufactured by using the molten slag produced by the special heat treatment of the municipal waste and the industrial waste as the main raw material, but the present invention is not limited to this. A general porous ceramic plate may be used.

The evaporation layer 1 is formed by aligning the evaporation units 10 configured as described above, and therefore the evaporation layer 1
When, for example, it rains in the prefabricated building 20 provided with, some of the rainwater is retained in the porous block 11 by the large number of holes of the porous block 11 which respectively constitute the plurality of evaporation units 10, and the remaining The rainwater passes through the porous block 11 to reach the water retaining material 12 and is retained in the water retaining material 12. Further, even when rainwater reaches the waterproof layer 23B from between the adjacent porous blocks 11, the rainwater is sucked up by the water retaining material 12 by the capillary phenomenon and is retained in the water retaining material 12.

Rainwater retained near the surface of the porous block 11 is used as water for growing the plants 13 planted in the plurality of holes 11B formed in the porous block 11. , The surface 1 of the porous block 11
Evaporates from 1A into the atmosphere. The rainwater retained in the lower part of the porous block 11 decreases as the rainwater in the upper part of the porous block 11 decreases.
The surface 11A of the porous block 11 due to the capillary phenomenon of No. 1
The water sucked up toward the
It is used for growing No. 3 or evaporates from the surface 11A into the atmosphere.

As the rainwater retained in the porous block 11 decreases, the rainwater retained below the water retaining material 12 is gradually sucked up above the water retaining material 12 due to the capillary action of the water retaining material 12. Due to the capillary action of the porous block 11, the inside of the porous block 11 is sucked up toward the surface 11A. The sucked water is used for growing the plant 13 or is evaporated from the surface 11A into the atmosphere as described above.

Therefore, water such as rainwater that has fallen on the prefabricated building 20 does not stay on the roof portion 23 for a long period of time, and the waterproof layer 23B is deteriorated due to the accumulation of water on the roof portion 23 for a long period of time. Can be prevented.

In the present embodiment, the roof slab 2 made of PCa plate is used in the prefabricated building 20 using PCa plate.
A flat waterproof layer 23B is provided on 3A, and the waterproof layer 23B
Although the transpiration layer 1 is provided on top of the roof slab 23A made of PCa plate, it is not limited to the roof slab 23A made of RC, but on a flat roof made of RC, or a flat roof constructed by using ALC plates on a steel roof set Similarly, the evaporation layer 1 may be provided.

[0022]

According to the present invention, as described above, in the flat roof building, since the flat waterproof layer is provided on the flat roof and the evaporation layer for evaporating the water accumulated on the flat waterproof layer is provided, the flat roof is provided. It is possible to prevent water from staying on the flat roof for a long period of time without forming a water gradient in the roof slab that constitutes the. As described above, since it is possible to effectively prevent the water from staying for a long period of time, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the flat waterproof layer, which can reduce the risk of rain leakage in the building, and at the same time, to prevent the flat waterproof layer from leaking. The life can be extended.

Further, since it is not necessary to form a water gradient on the roof slab that constitutes the flat roof, even if the planar shape of the building is complicated, the surface shape of the roof slab does not have to be further complicated. Therefore, in the case of an RC building cast on site, it does not require any special work for constructing the roof slab on site, which can prevent the construction cost from increasing. Also,
In the case of PCa board assembly buildings and buildings constructed using ALC boards, PCa boards and A used as roof slabs
Since it is not necessary to make the surface shape of the LC plate complicated, the PCa plate and the ALC plate can be manufactured by a normal mass production line in a manufacturing plant.
It is possible to prevent the manufacturing costs of the a plate and the ALC plate from increasing.

Further, in the case of a flat roof made of PCa plate, since it is not necessary to form a water gradient on the roof slab, it is not necessary to incline the PCa plate for mounting, and therefore the work of mounting the PCa plate is troublesome. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the PCa board mounting work from being expensive. Similarly, in the case of a flat roof constructed by using ALC plates on a steel frame roof assembly, the ALC plate mounting operation does not need to be expensive.

Since it is not necessary to form a water gradient by providing a base between the roof slab and the waterproof layer, it does not take time and effort for on-site construction, prolongs the construction period and accordingly increases construction costs. Can be avoided.

Since the protective layer is not provided on the waterproof layer on the flat roof, water does not stay between the waterproof layer and the protective layer for a long period of time and become dead water, and therefore deterioration of the waterproof layer can be suppressed. Therefore, the life of the waterproof layer can be extended.

Furthermore, since plants can be planted in the transpiration layer, greening on the flat roof can be easily performed.
Further, in this case, there is no need for soil or a flowerpot for planting a plant when performing rooftop greening, so that a large load is not applied on the roof portion. Furthermore, since the evaporation layer can further insulate the building, the thermal environment can be improved, and a large energy saving effect can be expected.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the evaporation unit shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Transpiration layer 10 Transpiration unit 11 Porous block 11A surface 11B hole 12 Water retaining material 13 plants 20 Assembly building 21, 22 Outer wall material 23 roof 23A roof slab 23B waterproof layer

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A flat roof building having a flat roof on the uppermost floor, wherein a flat waterproof layer is provided on the flat roof, and a transpiration layer for evaporating water accumulated on the flat waterproof layer is provided. building. 2. The flat roof building according to claim 1, wherein the flat roof is constructed using a precast concrete plate. 3. The flat roof building according to claim 1, wherein the flat roof is constructed using a lightweight cellular concrete plate on a steel frame roof set.