JP2003089931A - Method and apparatus for producing staple fiber yarn at least partially composed of chemical fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for producing a staple fiber yarn at least partially composed of a chemical fiber. SOLUTION: The silver of the staple fiber is a thin spun web 4 or a thin mix-spun web in the method for producing the staple fiber yarn 6 at least partially composed of the chemical fiber by scouring the sliver of the staple fiber at least partially composed of the chemical fiber, and subjecting the resultant sliver to a yarn-forming treatment.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of spinning mill technology and is based at least in part on a staple fiber sliver, which is composed at least in part of chemical fibers, by scouring and then subjecting it to a yarn forming process. Method for producing staple fiber yarns composed of chemical fibers, and at least partially provided with at least one spinning unit for scouring a fiber sliver and forming a yarn from the scoured fiber sliver An apparatus for producing staple fiber yarns composed of chemical fibers. The method and apparatus allows for the production of staple fiber yarns that are composed at least in part of chemical fibers and that use chemical engineering techniques to consist of staple fibers formed of synthetic or natural polymers.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION According to the prior art, a spinning process is used to produce yarn from staple fibers, which staple fibers are produced from a cotton fiber or wool fiber spinning process, in which the roving or The small fibrous web is scoured by drawing and then delivered to a twisting device to form the yarn or another suitable compression method (eg, by twisting or gluing the fibers).
Is added. Scouring prior to forming the yarn can also be accomplished by opening the fiber strands into single fibers.
The fibrous material supplied to the spinning process is a bale, which is usually unloaded, washed if necessary and / or
Or, through a preparatory step (carding, combing, drawing, etc.) that is mixed (blended) and that varies depending on the fiber material, usually a fiber with a shape suitable for a particular spinning process or a particular final product is produced. This results in a shape in which the two are brought into intimate contact only by an adhesive and / or frictional force, and the fibers are already oriented, preferably longitudinally parallel.

When the staple fiber material is a chemical fiber, the fiber bale is manufactured as follows. During the primary spinning process, almost endless filaments are produced, for example by being extruded from a spinning nozzle, which filaments are then stretched and fixed to orient the polymer and combined into a plurality. ,
This forms a cable, which is then cut or torn (processed) to form flakes of staple fibers which are then pressed to form a bale. Yet another treatment of the chemicals is in close agreement with the results of the pretreatment, scouring and thread formation outlined above.

The staple fibers thus formed, depending on how the cables are separated,
Almost all have similar lengths (square staple diagrams) or, like natural fibers, have different lengths in the area.

The yarn manufacturing process for chemical fibers, briefly outlined above, in which fiber wrapping is used is extremely complex. However, this yarn manufacturing process has the advantage that chemical fiber wraps can be processed in much the same manner as natural fiber wraps. This means that the two types of packaging can be processed using similar manufacturing machines of the spinning mill. Thus, by nearly the same spinning mill process, it is possible to produce yarns starting from chemical fiber bundling, formed from staple fibers, natural fibers and more particularly a mixture of two types of fibers.

A simpler method for producing staple fiber yarns from chemical fibers is so-called direct (sliver to yarn) spinning. Also according to this method, in a primary spinning process, a plurality of nearly endless filaments produced, for example, by extrusion and drawing, are combined to form a cable. This cable is fed to a device that tears or cuts the filaments and scouring the fibrous structure formed thereby by drawing. Then, the fiber structure thus formed is directly formed into a yarn structure. Such a method has the advantage of being clearly simpler than the method of operating using / via the fiber bale described above. During conversion, the parallel orientation of the filaments within the cable is substantially maintained, that is, the staple fibers formed from the conversion of the filaments rarely need to be oriented parallel for thread formation. Staple length and staple length distribution during direct spinning varies depending on the setting and placement of the equipment (converter) used for filament length reduction and fiber sliver scouring.

In the direct spinning method, the yarn can be manufactured in much the same way as the spinning method based on the fiber packaging, but the scouring means connected in advance to the yarn forming means must be constructed separately. The scouring carried out in must involve the reduction of filament length. The direct spinning process therefore requires, in particular, the provision of a spinning machine, in contrast to conventional spinning processes for producing yarns from staple fibers. Furthermore, this indicates that the yarn produced by the direct spinning process has a tendency to sway periodically, which makes it impossible for the yarn to meet the highest quality requirements. Furthermore, the direct spinning method cannot easily produce blended yarns, ie yarns composed of a mixture of, for example, chemical fibers and natural staple fibers.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for producing staple fiber yarns which are composed at least in part of chemical fibers. The method and the device according to the invention are also suitable for producing yarns of high quality standard, despite their ease of use. Furthermore, the method and the device according to the invention make it possible, without increasing costs, to produce yarns, in particular from staple fiber mixtures formed from a mixture of natural and chemical fibres.

[0009]

This object has been achieved by the method and the device as claimed.

[0010]

Using the method according to the invention, the filaments produced in the primary spinning process are arranged in a flat layer. This flat layer is then compressed to form a spun web (spunbond). The spun web is then longitudinally separated into a plurality of smaller webs of spun web, which separation reduces the length of the almost endless filaments, thereby forming staple fibers. Each one of the fine spinning webs is guided to and refined in the spinning unit of the spinning machine and then fed to the yarn forming means (twisting device or other suitable compression means). Next, the yarn formed by the yarn forming means is separated from the spinning unit.

Advantageously, in the spinning web forming area,
Storage or transport units are formed from small spun webs or spun webs, which are then used as the base product to actually produce the yarn. This makes it possible to separate the production of spun webs or small spinning webs (primary spinning mills) from the production of yarn (secondary spinning mills).

The filaments are advantageously stretched before being placed and, if necessary, in the filament direction, so that the polymer is at least partially oriented and fixed in this orientation. The at least partially drawn filaments can be arranged in a generally irregular or given fashion. Different methods known in practice can be used to compress the flat layer of filaments to form a spun web. The filaments of the thermoplastic polymer are compressed, for example by pressing the filaments between the respectively heated flat pressure means, ie the filaments are thermally compressed.

[0013] The compression may be an adhesive material (chemical compression), a pressure,
It is also possible by twisting (mechanical compression) or a combination of compression methods (eg cold bonding or calendering).

The separation of the fibrous web into a fine spun web is
This is achieved, for example, using mechanical cutting means. The cutting results in fiber ends at the longitudinal edges of the fine spinning web (no such ends at other locations on the fine spinning web). During the separation of the spinning web,
It is believed that the fibers are not drawn from the thin web and the fiber ends are not welded together. The length and length distribution of the staple fibers contained in the fine spun web varies directly with the width of the fine spun web and the layer type of filaments within the spun web. The narrower the width of the spun web, the shorter the fibers, and the more regularly arranged the filament layers, the more uniform the staple length. further,
The orientation of the staple fibers in the fine spun web varies depending on the mode of the layers of filaments. A high degree of fiber orientation does not occur in the longitudinal direction because all fiber ends are located at the longitudinal edges of the thin spinning web. The fineness of the fine spun web is determined by the density of the spun web and the width of the fine web.

For the scouring of fine spun webs, the web, which, before forming the yarn, changes depending on the desired yarn formation, in particular twisting, and on the yarn to be produced, is a conventional staple fiber. It is stretched in a stretching unit or defibrated using a defibration roller, as is known for materials. If necessary, the fine spun web is compressed using suitable means and fed to the scouring means. During scouring, the compression of the spun web structure is at least partially unwound. If this compression is strong enough or if the gripping distance is shorter than the length of the fibers, the fine spinning web can be drawn to further parallelize the macromolecules within the fibers.

Yarn formation is carried out, for example, by ring spinning, pot spinning, cap spinning, friction spinning, open-end rotor spinning or air vortex spinning, which are customary for these spinning. The device can be used. Maximum fiber stretching for maximum polymer orientation is also achieved in yarn conditions where the yarn is stretched and thermally fixed, for example between yarn formation and winding. can do.

The compression of the flat filament layer is selected in such a way that the flat filament layer can be at least partially unwound during the refining of the fine spun web. Only in this case it is possible to achieve a high degree of parallelization of the fibers during scouring by stretching the fiber sliver, stretching of the fine spun web and a sufficient individualization of the fibers during scouring by defibration. The strong bond between the filaments achieved during compression actually requires a strong drawing force, but during scouring by drawing, in addition to the parallelization of the fibers, in the drawing and / or in the state of the yarn, for example, Allows molecular orientation that can be thermally fixed.

In order to produce blended yarns from different chemical fibers, for example, filaments have already been produced from different materials in a primary spinning process and are arranged almost simultaneously so that different spun webs are bonded to one another. And spun (doubled, stacked) or simultaneously different spinning webs are sent to a secondary spinning process. Further, the webs (eg, spun web and card web) can be bonded and laminated together to form a blended web from the blended web to produce a blended yarn from the chemical and natural fibers. Natural fiber slivers can additionally be supplied in the spinning process in which small blended webs are formed or fine spun webs are formed.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A method and apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
It will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3 show schematic cross-sections of different thin spinning webs, which in the method according to the invention are subjected to a scouring treatment and a yarn-forming treatment, This produces a yarn. To the right of the thin web section, the respective staple diagram for the thin web is shown. The longitudinal edge of the thin web is indicated by the dash-dotted line.

The fine spun web is formed by longitudinally separating the spun web, which is composed of a plurality of filaments that are almost endless.
The plurality of endless filaments are separated by longitudinally separating the spun web, resulting in staple fibers whose ends are all located along the longitudinal edges of the thin web. The staple fibers of the fine spun web, which are dependent on the type of compression of the spun web, are preferably also thermally, chemically or mechanically bonded, which results in a thermal and a chemical bond. Can be considered as a model in which the fibers are crossed, and the mechanical connection can be considered as a state in which the fibers are twisted.

The thin spun web according to FIG. 1 is formed from a spun web in which the filaments are merely randomly arranged. For this reason, the fiber arrangement and the fiber length associated therewith are somewhat in agreement. The presence of fibers with very different staple lengths is expected.

The thin spun web according to FIG. 2 is formed from a finely aligned order of filaments, for example a spun web oriented in two directions inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the web. Such a spun web is formed by arranging the spinning nozzles laterally with respect to the conveying direction path of the arranged filaments, for example periodically back and forth, during the primary spinning process. You can As a result, the relative speed of movement that occurs between the spinning nozzle and the transport means must be maintained at about the same rate as the filament is discharged from the primary spinning device. The staple distribution of thin spinning webs formed from such spinning webs is square (all fibers have approximately the same length).

The thin spinning web according to FIG. 3 is formed from a spinning web in which the filaments are simply arranged in a roughly arranged order. Further, in order to form such a spun web, the spinning nozzle is moved laterally with respect to the transport direction of the spun web, so that the moving speed and the carrying speed caused by the movement of the spinning nozzle are 1 It is slower than the velocity that occurs when it is discharged from the secondary spinning device.

The fiber length distribution produced in the fine spinning web is thereby located between the fiber length distributions of the fine web according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

As is apparent from FIGS. 1 to 3, the fiber length distribution of the yarn produced using the method according to the invention can be adjusted by the production of the spun web, in particular by the manner in which the filaments are arranged. it can.

FIG. 4 can influence the properties of the fine spinning web and / or the properties of the chemical or the yarn formed from this chemical, which affects the chemical and the yarn formed from this chemical. 2 schematically shows the properties of a fine, spun web with properties.

As already mentioned above, the staple length and the staple distribution are regulated by the filament layers (strictly arranged or irregular type) and the width of the thin web. The provisional number (mass per unit of length of the thin spun web), which is then reduced to the yarn count by stretching or defibration, is approximately given by the product of the weight per unit area of the spun web and the width of the thin web. Moreover, the temporary count is adjusted by the weight per unit area in a predetermined width of the thin web.

FIG. 5 schematically shows the steps of the method according to the invention for producing a staple fiber yarn composed at least in part of synthetic fibers.

In the primary spinning step, the nearly endless filament 1 is formed from a chemical (for example by extrusion) and is advantageously drawn to increase strength. Stretching can be achieved by the force of air,
In this case, a very partial orientation of the polymer occurs. Further stretching can be accomplished using a godet, which can result in near perfect or maximum polymer orientation. In this case, the filament material is advantageously additionally subjected to a heat-setting treatment, which prevents shrinkage during the subsequent temperature increase.

The filament 1 is then placed on the flat layer 2. At this time, the transport speed W is lower than the filament speed F, so that the arranged filaments form, for example, an accidental irregular layer. It is also possible to arrange the filaments in a somewhat aligned fashion, as already described with respect to FIGS.

In the compression step after the filament layer step, the filament layer 2 is compressed to form a spun web 3. This compression is symbolically shown in Figure 5 by highlighting where the filaments intersect. For thermoplastic filament materials, the compression is advantageously carried out thermally, i.e. the filaments are pressed against one another in a plastic state and are thereby welded or glued together. It is believed that the fiber bond during scouring must be at least partially unraveled when choosing the temperature and pressure. In addition, an adhesive to compress the filaments (such as those types that can be removed by washing or other suitable method)
Can be added to the layers, whereby the filaments are entangled using mechanical or hydrodynamic means or the filament layers are compressed by calendering or cold bonding.

It is also possible to add another staple fibrous material to the filament layer 2 before or even after compression, for example cotton staples in the form of card webs.

In the separating step, the fine spinning web 4
Are formed by longitudinally separating the spun web 3 as shown in detail in FIGS. 1-3 and described with respect to these figures. The ends of the staple fibers formed from the filaments are all located at the longitudinal edges of the thin spinning web. Fiber arrangements range from irregular to ordered, and the fibers are predominantly arranged non-parallel to the thin web length. The spinning web may be separated in the rolled-up state or in the stretched state, for example by grinding cutting with a rotating knife,
It can be separated by movement relative to a cutting blade, such as scissors cutting, tearing, water jet cutting, laser cutting, etc., which results in a thin web.

Next, the fine spun web 4 is refined in a refining step by stretching or defibrating (opening) to form a fiber sliver 5 suitable for spinning. As a result, the fiber bond produced in the compression step is
It is at least partially pulled apart or broken and the staple fibers are substantially oriented in the direction of travel.

In the yarn forming step, the spinnable fiber sliver 5 is then twisted or spun, whereby the yarn 6 is formed from the fiber sliver 5 and the yarn 6 is wrapped around the yarn package 7. Instead of twisting, another suitable compression method (for example, by twisting or gluing) can be provided. If necessary, between the yarn forming step and the winding step, the yarn 6 is further stretched in order to fully orient the polymer in the fiber direction, and / or
Or it can be fixed to fix the molecular orientation.

The method according to the invention as described above comprises:
This can be achieved as a direct spinning method in which the primary spinning step to the secondary spinning step are performed almost continuously. However, to date, at least to date, devices for primary spinning and devices for secondary spinning operate at very different feed rates and are usually not operated under similar controls and equipment. Therefore, it is advantageous to separate the method for the area of the primary spinning step from the method for the area of the secondary spinning step. this is,
This can be achieved by winding the spun web 3 to form a spun web roller or a transport unit 10, or by housing the spun web 3 in a container and transporting it as is. In other words, the first step in the secondary spinning area is the separating step, in which a thin spinning web 4 is formed from the spinning web 3. This involves paying out the spinning web 3 and cutting it on-line, or separating the spinning web roller 10 into a disc, and then from this disc a thin spinning web 4.
It can be done by paying out. On the other hand,
Separation of the spinning web 3 can also be achieved in the primary spinning area. The thin spun web 4 formed from this separation is then wound up into a thin web package 1.
1 or a diameter-adjusting beam type thin web roller 12 is formed, and is conveyed as it is to the area of the secondary spinning step.

FIG. 6 shows very diagrammatically an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention. This drawing is divided into a region I of a primary spinning step and a region II of a secondary spinning step by a chain line.

Region I of the primary spinning step is the means 2 for the primary spinning of filaments 1 from synthetic material.
0, means 21 for arranging the filaments 1 in the flat filament layer 2 and for conveying this flat filament layer 2, and means 22 for compressing the filament layer 2 to form the spun web 3. Alternatively, means 24 for producing a conveying unit formed from the spinning web 3 or means 25 for separating the spinning web 3 to form the thin spinning web 4 and thin spinning web 4 are provided.
And means 26 for manufacturing the carrying unit. Between the means 20 for the primary spinning and the means 21 for arranging and transporting the filaments, expediently for stretching and fixing or simply for stretching the filaments 20.1 Is provided.

Region II of the secondary spinning step comprises at least one, preferably a number of spinning units 30, each of which is for refining the fine spinning web 4. Means 31, a means 32 for forming a thread, and a means 33 for winding up the manufactured thread 5. In front of one spinning unit 30 or a plurality of spinning units, a means 34 for discharging (unwinding) the spinning web 3 from the transport arrangement, combined with a means 25 for separating the spinning web 3 or It is also possible to connect means 36 for ejecting (unwinding or withdrawing) the thin spinning web 4 from the transport unit. Means 32. 1 for drawing and fixing the thread or simply for drawing the thread can also be connected following the means 32 for forming the thread.

The advantage of the method according to the invention over known methods of the same type is that, despite the fact that the method according to the invention can be constructed almost as simply as a direct spinning method, it has disadvantages. It does not occur and is much simpler than the method of operating via staple fiber wrapping.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a fine spinning web formed by longitudinally separating the spinning web with associated staple diagrams (minimum fiber length as a function of fiber fraction).

FIG. 2 shows a fine spinning web formed by longitudinally separating the spinning web with associated staple diagrams (minimum fiber length as a function of fiber fraction).

FIG. 3 shows a fine spinning web formed by longitudinally separating the spinning web with associated staple diagrams (minimum fiber length as a function of fiber fraction).

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of the characteristics of a thin spun web on staple length, staple distribution and provisional count.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of the method according to the invention.

FIG. 6 very diagrammatically shows an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 filament, 2 flat layers, 3 spun web, 4 fine spun web, 5 fiber sliver, 6
Yarn, 7 yarn package, 11 thin web package, 12 diameter-adjusting beam type thin web roller, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26 means,
20.1 means, 30 spinning unit, 31, 32,
33, 34, 36 means, 32.1 means

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Claims (24)

[Claims] 1. A staple fiber yarn (6) at least partially composed of chemical fibers is produced by scouring and then subjecting a staple fiber sliver, which is at least partially composed of chemical fibers, to a yarn-forming treatment. The staple fiber sliver comprises a fine spun web (4)
Or a method for producing a staple fiber yarn, which is at least partly composed of chemical fibers, characterized in that it is a fine blended web. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fine spun web (4) or the fine blended web is treated by drawing to form a scoured fiber sliver (5). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fine spun web (4) or the fine blended web is treated by opening to form a scoured fiber sliver (5). 4. A process according to claim 1, wherein at least two fine spun webs (4) or fine blended webs made of different materials are fed to the refining means. 5. A fiber sliver of natural staple fibers is additionally fed to the scouring means to form the fine spun web (4).
Method described in section. 6. The refined fiber sliver (5)
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method is exposed to a yarn forming process by twisting. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the twisting treatment is carried out by ring spinning, pot spinning, cap spinning, friction spinning, open-end rotor spinning or air vortex spinning. 8. The refined fiber sliver (5)
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method is exposed to the process of thread formation by twisting or gluing. 9. Threads (6) are stretched and fixed or simply fixed for thread formation.
The method according to any one of the above items. 10. The thin spinning web (4) or the thin blended web is transferred to these thin web carrying units (1).
1, 12) feeding the scouring means and the yarn forming means according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. The fine spinning web (4) is fed to the scouring means and the yarn forming means by means of the transporting unit (10) of the spinning web or the blended web.
10. The method according to any one of 1 to 9. 12. The thin spinning web (4) is directly fed from the region (I) of the primary spinning method, and the primary spinning of the filament (1) is carried out in the region (I). The filament (1) is arranged on a flat filament layer (2), the flat filament layer (2) is compressed to form a spun web (3), and the spun web (3) is longitudinally formed. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of fine spinning webs (4) are separated into several pieces, thereby forming a plurality of fine spinning webs (4). 13. The thin spinning web (4) is directly fed from the region (I) of the primary spinning method, and the primary spinning of the filament (1) is carried out in the region (I). The filaments (1) are placed in a flat filament layer (2), combined with a staple fiber web, and the flat filament layer (2) is compressed to form a blended web (3), and further the blended web ( 3) longitudinally separated, which results in a plurality of fine blended webs (4)
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein 14. The filament (1) is drawn or drawn and fixed prior to placement.
The method according to 2 or 13. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the chemical fibers in the fine spun web (4) or the fine blended web are arranged in an intertwined order. 16. The finely spun web (4) or the chemical fibers in the finely blended web are arranged in a uniform or coarsely entangled order.
The method according to any one of the above items. 17. The fine spun web (4) or the fine blended web by selecting the fine web width and the placement of the filaments in the spun web (3) for the staple length and staple length distribution of the chemical fiber, respectively. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the adjustment is carried out in the web. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the provisional count of the fine spun web (4) is adjusted by selecting the fine web width and the spun web density respectively. 19. An apparatus for producing a staple fiber thread (6) at least partially composed of chemical fibers, said apparatus scouring a fiber sliver and yarn from this scoured fiber sliver. Of the type provided with at least one spinning unit (30) for forming, in front of said at least one spinning unit (30) a fine spinning web (4) or a fine blended web is fed. Device for producing a staple fiber yarn (6) at least partly composed of chemical fibers, characterized in that the device for connecting is connected. 20. The device for feeding a fine spinning web (4) or a fine blended web comprises a conveying unit (1).
0) a means (34) for paying out the spun web (3) or the blended web and a means (25) for longitudinally separating the spun web (3) or the blended web. 19. The device according to 19. 21. The device for feeding a fine spinning web (4) or a fine blended web comprises a conveying unit (1).
20. Device according to claim 19, comprising means for paying out the thin web from 1,12). 22. Means (2) for the primary spinning and drawing of filaments (1), wherein said device for feeding said fine spun web (4) or fine blended web.
0), means (21) for disposing the filament (1) and conveying the layer (2) of the filament, and compressing the filament layer (2) so as to form a spun web (3). 20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises means (22) for cutting, and means (25) for longitudinal separation of the spinning web (3). 23. The device according to claim 22, wherein said device additionally comprises means for joining said spun web (3) and staple fiber web. 24. The means (25) for longitudinally separating the spun web (3) continuously separates the spun web (3) or spun web rollers (to form a disc). 23. A device according to claim 20 or 22, provided for separating 10).