JP2003080504A - Method and apparatus for drying lumber - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for drying lumber

Info

Publication number
JP2003080504A
JP2003080504A JP2002234242A JP2002234242A JP2003080504A JP 2003080504 A JP2003080504 A JP 2003080504A JP 2002234242 A JP2002234242 A JP 2002234242A JP 2002234242 A JP2002234242 A JP 2002234242A JP 2003080504 A JP2003080504 A JP 2003080504A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
drying
wood
temperature
water content
measuring means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2002234242A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Taira Uehara
平 植原
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MOKUZAI KANSO TEICOSTKA GIJUTS
MOKUZAI KANSO TEICOSTKA GIJUTSU KENKYU KUMIAI
Original Assignee
MOKUZAI KANSO TEICOSTKA GIJUTS
MOKUZAI KANSO TEICOSTKA GIJUTSU KENKYU KUMIAI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MOKUZAI KANSO TEICOSTKA GIJUTS, MOKUZAI KANSO TEICOSTKA GIJUTSU KENKYU KUMIAI filed Critical MOKUZAI KANSO TEICOSTKA GIJUTS
Priority to JP2002234242A priority Critical patent/JP2003080504A/en
Publication of JP2003080504A publication Critical patent/JP2003080504A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for drying lumber which can control a surface crack of a material to be dried, can control darkening of a material color and can markedly inhibit an internal crack of the material to be dried. SOLUTION: In a method for drying lumber of drying the lumber 10 stored in a drying room 1 under control of a temperature and a humidity in the drying room 1, a temperature and a moisture content inside the lumber in drying are continuously or intermittently measured, and the temperature and the humidity in the drying room 1 are controlled based on information of the temperature and the moisture content inside the lumber to be obtained by measurement. The apparatus for drying lumber is equipped with a temperature measuring means 6 capable of measuring the temperature inside the lumber in drying and a moisture content measuring means 7 capable of measuring the moisture content inside the lumber in drying.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、木材の乾燥方法及
び乾燥装置に関し、特に住宅の柱などに用いられる針葉
樹の芯持角材の乾燥に適した木材の乾燥方法及び乾燥装
置に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a drying method and a drying apparatus for wood, and more particularly to a drying method and a drying apparatus for wood suitable for drying core lumber of coniferous trees used for pillars of houses.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】木材
を、柱等の建築用材として用いるには、収縮による変形
や割れ等を防止するために、その含水率が所定値以下と
なるように乾燥させる必要がある。特に、近年において
は、建築用材のプレカット化が進み、より寸法安定性が
高く、材割れ等の少ない乾燥木材が求められている。木
材の乾燥方法として、95℃,8時間の初期蒸煮により
木材を高温熱軟化させた後、該木材を、乾球温度120
℃、湿球温度90℃の条件で72時間乾燥させる方法
が、材面割れが少なく短時間で乾燥を行える方法として
提案されている(第49回日本木材学会大会研究発表要旨
集)。
2. Description of the Related Art When wood is used as a building material such as a pillar, it is dried so that its water content is below a predetermined value in order to prevent deformation and cracking due to shrinkage. Need to let. In particular, in recent years, pre-cutting of building materials has progressed, and dry wood having higher dimensional stability and less material cracks is required. As a method for drying the wood, the wood is heat-softened at high temperature by initial steaming at 95 ° C. for 8 hours, and then the wood is dried at a dry-bulb temperature of 120.
A method of drying for 72 hours under the condition of ℃ and wet-bulb temperature of 90 ℃ has been proposed as a method for drying in a short time with less surface cracking (Abstracts of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Wood Science Society of Japan).

【0003】しかし、この提案の方法によりスギ芯持角
材(11.5mm×11.5mm×3000mm)の乾
燥を行ったところ、70本の試験材の全数に内部割れが
発生し、また、材色の暗色化(高温乾燥特有の焼け色)
が認められた。即ち、被乾燥材に材面割れを生じさせ
ず、材色の暗色化を抑えることができ、しかも被乾
燥材に内部割れを生じさせないという三つの条件を同時
に満たす乾燥方法及び装置は未だ開発されておらず、こ
れらの三条件を同時に満たす乾燥方法及び装置の開発が
要望されていた。
However, when the Japanese cedar core-supporting timber (11.5 mm × 11.5 mm × 3000 mm) was dried by this proposed method, internal cracking occurred in all 70 test materials and the material color Darkening (burn color peculiar to high temperature drying)
Was recognized. That is, a drying method and apparatus have not yet been developed that satisfy the three conditions at the same time that the material to be dried does not cause surface cracking, the darkening of the material color can be suppressed, and that the material to be dried does not cause internal cracking. Therefore, there has been a demand for the development of a drying method and an apparatus that simultaneously satisfy these three conditions.

【0004】従って、本発明の目的は、被乾燥材の材面
割れを抑制でき、材色の暗色化を抑制でき、しかも被乾
燥材の内部割れを抑制できる木材の乾燥方法及び乾燥装
置を提供することにある。
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a drying method and a drying apparatus for wood which can suppress the surface cracking of the material to be dried, suppress the darkening of the material color, and suppress the internal cracking of the material to be dried. To do.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、乾燥室内の温
度及び湿度の制御下に該乾燥室内に収容した木材を乾燥
する木材の乾燥方法において、乾燥中における木材内部
の温度及び含水率を連続的又は断続的に測定し、測定し
て得られる木材内部の温度及び含水率の情報に基づい
て、前記乾燥室内の温度及び湿度を制御することを特徴
とする木材の乾燥方法を提供することにより、上記の目
的を達成したものである。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for drying wood containing wood contained in the drying chamber under the control of temperature and humidity in the drying chamber. To provide a method for drying wood, which is characterized by controlling the temperature and humidity in the drying chamber based on the information on the temperature and moisture content inside the wood obtained by measuring continuously or intermittently. Thus, the above-mentioned object is achieved.

【0006】また、本発明は、温度及び湿度を制御可能
な乾燥室を備え、該乾燥室内で木材を乾燥する木材の乾
燥装置において、乾燥中における木材内部の温度を測定
可能な温度測定手段及び乾燥中における木材内部の含水
率を測定可能な含水率測定手段を具備することを特徴と
する木材の乾燥装置を提供することにより、上記の目的
を達成したものである。
The present invention further includes a drying chamber capable of controlling temperature and humidity, and a temperature measuring means capable of measuring the temperature inside the wooden body during drying in a drying apparatus for drying the wooden body in the drying chamber. The above object is achieved by providing a drying apparatus for wood, comprising a water content measuring means capable of measuring the water content inside the wood during drying.

【0007】[0007]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明を好ましい実施形態
に基づいて詳細に説明する。本発明の木材の乾燥方法の
実施には、温度及び湿度を制御可能な乾燥室を備えた乾
燥装置を用いる。
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described below in detail based on preferred embodiments. To carry out the method for drying wood according to the present invention, a drying device provided with a drying chamber capable of controlling temperature and humidity is used.

【0008】先ず、本発明の方法の実施に好ましく用い
られる木材の乾燥装置の一例(本発明の木材の乾燥装置
の一実施形態)について図1を参照して説明する。図1
に示す木材の乾燥装置は、温度及び湿度を制御可能な乾
燥室1を備え、該乾燥室1内に収容した木材10を、該
乾燥室内の温度及び湿度の制御下に乾燥可能な装置であ
る。
First, an example of a wood drying apparatus preferably used for carrying out the method of the present invention (one embodiment of the wood drying apparatus of the present invention) will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 1
The wood drying apparatus shown in 1 is a device that includes a drying chamber 1 capable of controlling temperature and humidity, and can dry the wood 10 housed in the drying chamber 1 under control of temperature and humidity in the drying chamber. .

【0009】より具体的に説明すると、図1の木材の乾
燥装置は、乾燥すべき木材10を収容する乾燥室1と、
乾燥室1内に蒸気を噴射する蒸射機構2と、乾燥室1内
の空気を加熱する加熱機構3と、乾燥室内1に外気を導
入する給気機構4と、乾燥室内1の空気を外部に排気す
る排気機構5とを具備している。
More specifically, the wood drying apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a drying chamber 1 for containing a wood 10 to be dried.
The vaporizing mechanism 2 for injecting steam into the drying chamber 1, the heating mechanism 3 for heating the air in the drying chamber 1, the air supply mechanism 4 for introducing the outside air into the drying chamber 1, and the air in the drying chamber 1 for the outside And an exhaust mechanism 5 for exhausting air.

【0010】蒸射機構2は、蒸気発生装置(ボイラー
等)21において発生させた蒸気を、乾燥室1に接続さ
れた蒸気導入管22を介して乾燥室1内に導入するよう
に構成されており、蒸気導入管22に設けた電磁弁、電
動弁等の制御弁23の開閉等により、乾燥室内への蒸射
を制御可能である。
The vaporizing mechanism 2 is configured to introduce the steam generated in the steam generator (boiler or the like) 21 into the drying chamber 1 through the steam introducing pipe 22 connected to the drying chamber 1. Therefore, it is possible to control the vaporization into the drying chamber by opening and closing the control valve 23 such as an electromagnetic valve and an electric valve provided in the steam introducing pipe 22.

【0011】加熱機構3は、乾燥室1内に配管した加熱
管31内に熱媒(蒸気)を流通させることにより乾燥室
1内の空気を加熱するように構成されており、該熱媒の
流通、流量、温度等の制御により、加熱の制御が可能で
ある。
The heating mechanism 3 is configured to heat the air in the drying chamber 1 by circulating the heating medium (steam) in the heating pipe 31 arranged inside the drying chamber 1. The heating can be controlled by controlling the distribution, flow rate, temperature and the like.

【0012】給気機構4及び排気機構5は、それぞれ、
乾燥室1の内外を連通するダクト41,51と該ダクト
内に空気流を生じさせるファン(図示せず)とを主体と
して構成されており、それぞれ、ファンの回転やダクト
に設けたダンパー42,52の開閉を制御することによ
り、乾燥室1の吸排気を制御可能である。
The air supply mechanism 4 and the exhaust mechanism 5 are respectively
It is mainly composed of ducts 41 and 51 that communicate the inside and outside of the drying chamber 1 and a fan (not shown) that generates an air flow in the duct, and the rotation of the fan and the damper 42 provided in the duct, respectively. By controlling the opening / closing of 52, the intake / exhaust of the drying chamber 1 can be controlled.

【0013】そして、蒸射機構2による蒸射、加熱機構
3による加熱、給気機構4による給気、及び排気機構5
による排気を、適宜に制御することにより、乾燥室1内
の温度及び湿度を所望の温度及び湿度に制御することが
できるようになっている。
Then, vaporization by the vaporization mechanism 2, heating by the heating mechanism 3, air supply by the air supply mechanism 4, and exhaust mechanism 5
The temperature and humidity inside the drying chamber 1 can be controlled to a desired temperature and humidity by appropriately controlling the exhaust of air.

【0014】本発明の木材の乾燥装置は、乾燥中におけ
る木材内部の温度を測定可能な温度測定手段6及び乾燥
中における木材内部の含水率を測定可能な含水率測定手
段7を具備している。また、温度測定手段6及び含水率
測定手段7は、それぞれ木材内部の温度又は含水率を、
木材表面からの深さが異なる二箇所以上の部位において
測定可能になされている。
The wood drying apparatus of the present invention comprises a temperature measuring means 6 capable of measuring the temperature inside the wood during drying and a water content measuring means 7 capable of measuring the water content inside the wood during drying. . The temperature measuring means 6 and the water content measuring means 7 respectively measure the temperature or the water content inside the wood.
It is possible to measure at two or more locations with different depths from the wood surface.

【0015】本実施形態の装置は、図2に示すように、
木材内部の温度を測定可能な温度測定手段として、熱電
対からなる複数の温度センサー6a,6bを備えてい
る。各温度センサー6a,6bは、木材内部の温度を測
定可能なように、木材に穿孔形成した挿入孔に挿入し固
定して用いられる。より具体的には、温度センサーを構
成する熱電対線が丁度入る程度の直径を有し且つ温度の
測定点に達する深さを有する挿入孔をモニター材にドリ
ル等にて穿孔形成し、熱電対線を、その先端(温接点)
が測定点に達するように該挿入孔内に挿入配置した後、
挿入口の周囲を断熱材〔例えば日本化成(株) 製の無石
綿「ネオシール」(商品名)等〕にてシールして使用す
る。
The apparatus of this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
As temperature measuring means capable of measuring the temperature inside the wood, a plurality of temperature sensors 6a and 6b including thermocouples are provided. Each of the temperature sensors 6a and 6b is used by being inserted into and fixed to an insertion hole formed in the wood so that the temperature inside the wood can be measured. More specifically, an insertion hole having a diameter that just fits the thermocouple wire that constitutes the temperature sensor and having a depth that reaches the temperature measurement point is formed in the monitor material with a drill or the like. Wire the tip (hot junction)
After inserting and arranging in the insertion hole so as to reach the measurement point,
The periphery of the insertion port is sealed with a heat insulating material (for example, non-asbestos “Neoseal” (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Kasei Co., Ltd.) and used.

【0016】また、本実施形態の装置は、木材内部の含
水率を測定可能な含水率測定手段として、一対の棒状部
間の抵抗を測定して含水率を求める含水率センサー7
a,7bを複数備えている。各含水率センサー7a,7
bは、一対の棒状部を備えており、一対の棒状部を、両
棒状部同士間に所定の隙間が形成されるように、木材の
中心部に向けて垂直に打ち込み固定されて用いられる。
両棒状部は、それぞれクリップを介してリード線に接続
されており、両棒状部間の抵抗の変化が該リード線を介
して後述する制御演算部8に入力される。一対の棒状部
は、酸化や錆を防止する観点から、それぞれステンレス
からなることが好ましく、例えばステンレス製の釘等か
ら形成することができる。尚、一の温度センサー6aと
他の温度センサー6bとで配置する深さ(木材表面から
深さ)を異ならせることができ、また、一の含水率セン
サー7aと他の含水率センサー7bとで配置する深さ
(木材表面からの深さ)を異ならせることができるよう
になっている。
Further, the apparatus of the present embodiment is a water content measuring means 7 capable of measuring the water content inside the wood, and the water content sensor 7 measures the resistance between the pair of rod-shaped parts to obtain the water content.
It has a plurality of a and 7b. Each moisture content sensor 7a, 7
b includes a pair of rod-shaped portions, and is used by vertically driving and fixing the pair of rod-shaped portions toward the central portion of the wood so that a predetermined gap is formed between the rod-shaped portions.
The rod-shaped portions are connected to lead wires via clips, respectively, and the change in resistance between the rod-shaped portions is input to the control calculation unit 8 described later via the lead wires. From the viewpoint of preventing oxidation and rust, the pair of rod-shaped portions are preferably made of stainless steel, for example, they can be formed of stainless steel nails or the like. The temperature sensor 6a and the other temperature sensor 6b can be arranged at different depths (from the wood surface), and the one water content sensor 7a and the other water content sensor 7b can be used. The placement depth (depth from the wood surface) can be made different.

【0017】各温度センサー6a,6b及び各含水率セ
ンサー7a,7bは、パーソナルコンピューターを主体
として構成される制御演算部8に電気的に接続されてお
り、該制御演算部8において、所定の演算がなされ、木
材内部の温度及び含水率が算出されるようになってい
る。本実施形態の装置においては、算出された前記木材
内部の温度及び含水率が、連続的に表示手段9及び/又
はプリンター11上に出力されるようになっており、表
示された木材内部の温度及び含水率の情報(変化の情
報)を見ながら、入力手段12から所定の指令を入力す
ることにより、乾燥室1内の温度及び湿度を適宜所望の
値に変更できるようになっている。
Each of the temperature sensors 6a and 6b and each of the water content sensors 7a and 7b are electrically connected to a control arithmetic unit 8 mainly composed of a personal computer, and the control arithmetic unit 8 performs a predetermined arithmetic operation. The temperature and water content inside the wood are calculated. In the device of the present embodiment, the calculated temperature and water content inside the wood are continuously output to the display unit 9 and / or the printer 11, and the displayed temperature inside the wood is displayed. The temperature and humidity in the drying chamber 1 can be appropriately changed to desired values by inputting a predetermined command from the input means 12 while observing the water content information (change information).

【0018】次に、上述した構成の木材の乾燥装置を用
いた木材の乾燥方法、即ち本発明の木材の乾燥方法の好
ましい一実施形態について説明する。先ず、乾燥すべき
木材10を、乾燥室1内に収容する。通常、数本から数
百本の木材を収容し、木材同士間には所定の間隙を設け
る。
Next, a preferred embodiment of a method for drying wood using the above-structured wood drying apparatus, that is, a method for drying wood according to the present invention will be described. First, the wood 10 to be dried is stored in the drying chamber 1. Usually, several to several hundreds of wood are stored, and a predetermined gap is provided between the woods.

【0019】そして、一又は二以上の木材(モニター
材)における所定の位置に、上記の温度センサー6a,
6b及び含水率センサー7a,7bを取り付ける。本実
施形態においては、図2に示すように、木材内部の温度
及び含水率を、それぞれ木材表面からの深さが異なる二
箇所の部位、即ち材表面からの深さが材の厚みの略1/
4である中間部と、材表面からの深さが材の厚みの略1
/2である中心部とにおいて測定する。具体的には、図
2に示すように、一組の温度センサー6a及び含水率セ
ンサー7aを、これらのセンサーにより木材の中間部に
おける温度及び含水率が測定できるように、それぞれの
先端部が木材の表面と中心部との間に位置する中間部に
位置するように配置する。また、他の一組の温度センサ
ー6b及び含水率センサー7bを、これらのセンサーに
より木材の中心部における温度及び含水率が測定できる
ように、それぞれの先端部が木材の中心部に達するよう
に配置する。
Then, the temperature sensors 6a, 6a,
6b and water content sensors 7a and 7b are attached. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature and the water content inside the wood are two points at different depths from the wood surface, that is, the depth from the wood surface is approximately 1 of the thickness of the wood. /
4 and the depth from the material surface is approximately 1 of the material thickness
It is measured at the center part which is / 2. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of a temperature sensor 6a and a moisture content sensor 7a are provided so that the tip of each of the temperature sensors 6a and the moisture content sensor 7a can measure the temperature and moisture content in the middle portion of the wood. It is arranged so as to be located in the intermediate portion between the surface and the central portion. Further, another pair of temperature sensor 6b and moisture content sensor 7b are arranged so that the tips of the sensors reach the center of the wood so that the temperature and moisture content in the center of the wood can be measured by these sensors. To do.

【0020】このような準備が完了した後、蒸射機構2
より乾燥室1内に蒸気を導入し、乾燥室1内の木材に対
して初期蒸射を行う。この初期蒸射工程は、乾燥させる
木材を軟化させ、これに続く高温乾燥における乾燥効率
の向上を図る工程であり、好ましくは設定温度95℃で
6〜10時間程度行う。
After such preparation is completed, the vaporizing mechanism 2
The steam is further introduced into the drying chamber 1, and the wood in the drying chamber 1 is initially steamed. This initial steaming step is a step of softening the wood to be dried and improving the drying efficiency in the subsequent high temperature drying, and is preferably carried out at a set temperature of 95 ° C. for about 6 to 10 hours.

【0021】そして、初期蒸射工程後、木材内部が初期
蒸射により軟化している間に乾燥室内の温度を一気に1
10℃以上に加熱して乾燥を開始する。本実施形態の方
法は、乾球温度110℃以上の条件下に乾燥を行う第1
乾燥工程、及び該第1乾燥工程よりも低い乾球温度の条
件下に乾燥を行う第2乾燥工程を具備している。
After the initial steaming step, the temperature inside the drying chamber is suddenly increased to 1 while the inside of the wood is softened by the initial steaming.
Start drying by heating above 10 ° C. The method according to the present embodiment is a first method in which the drying is performed at a dry-bulb temperature of 110 ° C. or higher.
A drying step and a second drying step of performing drying under conditions of a dry-bulb temperature lower than that of the first drying step are provided.

【0022】第1乾燥工程は、初期蒸射工程に続いて行
われる乾燥工程であり、該第乾燥工程における乾燥条件
は、乾燥室内の乾球温度が115〜125℃、特に略1
20℃であることが好ましく、乾燥室内の湿球温度が8
0〜95℃、特に略90℃であることが好ましい。
The first drying step is a drying step which is carried out after the initial steaming step. The drying conditions in the first drying step are as follows: the dry-bulb temperature in the drying chamber is 115 to 125 ° C., especially about 1
20 ° C. is preferable, and the wet bulb temperature in the drying chamber is 8
It is preferably 0 to 95 ° C., particularly about 90 ° C.

【0023】第1乾燥工程中には、乾燥中における木材
内部の温度及び含水率を、少なくとも木材における前記
中間部において連続的又は断続的に測定する。そして、
当初は、木材の中間部における温度のみを監視し、木材
の中間部における温度が100℃を超えた時点で、該中
間部における含水率の監視を開始する。そして、更に中
間部における含水率の監視を継続し、その含水率が所定
の値(好ましくは、木材の繊維飽和点である略35%)
に達したことを目安に、乾燥室1内の乾球温度、又は該
乾球温度及び湿球温度を低下させる。即ち、木材の中間
部における含水率の変化を目安として、第1乾燥工程か
ら第2乾燥工程への切り替えを行う。
During the first drying step, the temperature and moisture content inside the wood during drying are measured continuously or intermittently at least in the middle part of the wood. And
Initially, only the temperature in the middle part of the wood is monitored, and when the temperature in the middle part of the wood exceeds 100 ° C., monitoring of the water content in the middle part is started. Then, the water content in the middle portion is continuously monitored, and the water content is set to a predetermined value (preferably about 35% which is the fiber saturation point of wood).
As a standard, the dry-bulb temperature in the drying chamber 1, or the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature are lowered. That is, the change from the first drying step to the second drying step is performed with reference to the change in the water content in the middle portion of the wood.

【0024】このように、第1乾燥工程から第2乾燥工
程への切り替えを、木材内部の温度及び含水率を測定
し、測定して得られる温度及び含水率の情報に基づいて
行うことにより、木材の内部に生じる内部割れを効果的
に抑えることができる。特に、中間部における含水率が
木材の繊維飽和点である略35%に達するか又はその直
前となった時点で、乾球温度の低い第2乾燥工程に切り
替えることは、内部割れの防止に特に効果的である。第
2乾燥工程への切り替えを行わず、第1乾燥工程の条件
を継続した場合には、110℃以上の加熱により閉鎖さ
れた木材内部の圧力が高くなり、内部の水分が材の表面
へと移動するが、水分減少と共に中間部が繊維飽和点に
近づき表面がセットによって固定化されているため、急
激な乾燥により収縮で内部割れが発生し易くなる。
As described above, by switching the first drying step to the second drying step by measuring the temperature and water content in the wood and based on the information on the temperature and water content obtained by the measurement, It is possible to effectively suppress internal cracks that occur inside the wood. In particular, switching to the second drying step with a low dry-bulb temperature at the time when the water content in the middle portion reaches or immediately before the fiber saturation point of wood, which is approximately 35%, is particularly effective in preventing internal cracking. It is effective. When the condition of the first drying process is continued without switching to the second drying process, the pressure inside the closed wood becomes high due to the heating of 110 ° C or higher, and the moisture inside the wood is spread to the surface of the material. Although it moves, the intermediate part approaches the fiber saturation point as the water content decreases and the surface is fixed by the set, so that internal cracking easily occurs due to shrinkage due to rapid drying.

【0025】また、木材内部の含水率のみならず温度を
測定し、木材内部の温度及び含水率の両データに基づい
て、含水率が所定の値を下回ったことを判断することに
より、含水率センサーの精度不足の問題を解消すること
ができ、含水率のみを監視した場合に比べて、より好ま
しいタイミングでの切り替えが可能となる。また、芯持
角材を高温乾燥法で乾燥する場合、乾燥時間を短縮する
ために、含水率が繊維飽和点を超えた状態で材内部の温
度をできるだけ高くして沸騰状態にしておくことが好ま
しいが、材温を連続的又は断続的に測定することによ
り、材温を常に把握しておくことができるので好まし
い。
Further, not only the water content inside the wood but also the temperature is measured, and it is judged that the water content is below a predetermined value based on both the data on the temperature inside the wood and the water content. It is possible to solve the problem of lack of accuracy of the sensor, and it becomes possible to switch at a more preferable timing as compared with the case where only the water content is monitored. Further, when the cored square bar is dried by a high temperature drying method, in order to shorten the drying time, it is preferable to keep the temperature inside the bar as high as possible in a state where the water content exceeds the fiber saturation point and keep it in a boiling state. However, it is preferable that the material temperature can be always grasped by continuously or intermittently measuring the material temperature.

【0026】第2乾燥工程における乾燥条件は、乾燥室
内の乾球温度が105〜115℃、特に略110である
ことが好ましく、乾燥室内の湿球温度は75〜85℃、
特に略80℃であることが好ましい。尚、木材内部の温
度及び含水率を「連続的又は断続的」に測定するとは、
木材内部の温度が所定値(例えば100℃)を超えたこ
と、及びその後に、木材内部の含水率が所定値(例えば
35%)を下回ったことを知ることができるように、温
度及び含水率のデータが得られれば良い。
Regarding the drying conditions in the second drying step, the dry-bulb temperature in the drying chamber is preferably 105 to 115 ° C., particularly about 110, and the wet-bulb temperature in the drying chamber is 75 to 85 ° C.
It is particularly preferably about 80 ° C. In addition, when measuring the temperature and water content inside wood "continuously or intermittently",
The temperature and water content can be known so that it can be known that the temperature inside the wood exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 100 ° C.) and thereafter the water content inside the wood falls below a predetermined value (for example, 35%). It is only necessary to obtain the data of.

【0027】本実施形態の方法は、更に第2乾燥工程よ
りも低い乾球温度の条件下に乾燥を行う第3乾燥工程を
具備している。第2乾燥工程中には、乾燥中における木
材内部の温度及び含水率を、少なくとも木材の中心部に
おいて、連続的又は断続的に測定する。そして、当初
は、木材の中心部における温度のみを監視し、木材の中
心部における温度が100℃を超えた時点で、該中心部
における含水率の監視を開始する。そして、更に中心部
における含水率の監視を継続し、中心部における含水率
が所定の値(好ましくは、木材の繊維飽和点である略3
5%)達したことを目安に、乾燥室1内の乾球温度、及
び該乾球温度及び湿球温度の条件を変更する。
The method of the present embodiment further includes a third drying step of performing drying under a dry-bulb temperature lower than that of the second drying step. During the second drying step, the temperature and moisture content inside the wood during drying are measured continuously or intermittently at least in the central part of the wood. Then, initially, only the temperature in the central portion of the wood is monitored, and when the temperature in the central portion of the wood exceeds 100 ° C., monitoring of the water content in the central portion is started. Then, the water content in the central portion is continuously monitored, and the water content in the central portion has a predetermined value (preferably about 3 which is the fiber saturation point of wood).
5%) is reached, the dry-bulb temperature in the drying chamber 1 and the conditions of the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature are changed.

【0028】このように、木材の中心部の含水率が所定
の値に達したことを目安に、更に乾球温度を下げること
により、乾燥による内部割れの発生や材色の暗色化を一
層効果的に抑制することができる。しかも、その切り替
えを、木材内部の温度及び含水率を測定し、測定して得
られる温度及び含水率の情報に基づいて行うことによ
り、乾燥時間の短縮、割れの防止等の観点から、最も効
果的な時点で行うことができる。尚、含水率のみを監視
した場合に比べて、より正確に好ましい切り替えが可能
である点等については、第1乾燥工程から第2乾燥工程
への切り替え時と同様である。
As described above, by further lowering the dry-bulb temperature based on the fact that the water content of the central portion of the wood has reached the predetermined value, the internal cracking due to the drying and the darkening of the material color are further effective. Can be suppressed. Moreover, by switching the temperature and moisture content of the wood and performing it based on the information of the temperature and moisture content obtained by the measurement, from the viewpoint of shortening the drying time, preventing cracks, etc., the most effective Can be done at any point in time. It should be noted that, as compared with the case where only the water content is monitored, more preferable switching can be performed more accurately, as in the case of switching from the first drying step to the second drying step.

【0029】本実施形態の木材の乾燥方法によれば、
被乾燥材の材面割れを抑制できる、材色の暗色化(高
温乾燥特有の焼け色)を抑制できる、被乾燥材の内部
割れを顕著に抑制できる、乾燥時間が短く、乾燥コス
トを低減できる、スケジュールが簡単で乾燥に失敗が
ない、乾燥仕上がり品質が安定している等の効果が同
時に得られる。
According to the wood drying method of this embodiment,
Can suppress surface cracking of the material to be dried, can suppress darkening of material color (burn color peculiar to high-temperature drying), can significantly suppress internal cracking of the material to be dried, can shorten drying time, and can reduce drying cost The advantages are that the schedule is simple, there is no failure in drying, and the quality of the dry finish is stable.

【0030】尚、本発明の方法及び装置における乾燥室
1は、内部に木材を収容して、室内の温度及び湿度の制
御下に該木材を乾燥し得るものである限り如何なる構成
のものでも良く、例えば蒸射機構2、加熱機構3、給気
機構4及び排気機構5としては、それぞれ、上述した構
成のものに代えて従来公知の各種構成のものを採用する
ことができる。また、木材内部の温度及び含水率の測定
手段としては、上記実施形態のものに限られず、木材内
部の温度を測定し得る任意の構成の温度測定手段、及び
木材内部の含水率を測定し得る任意の構成の含水率測定
手段を用いることができる。また、本発明の装置は、測
定手段により測定して得られる木材内部の温度及び含水
率の情報に基づいて、前記乾燥室内の温度及び湿度が、
例えば上述した実施形態の方法が自動的に実施されるよ
うに、自動的に制御できる制御演算部を備えていること
が好ましい。具体的には、そのようにパソコンを機能さ
せるプログラムをパソコンに入力すれば良い。
The drying chamber 1 in the method and apparatus of the present invention may have any structure as long as it can store the wood therein and can dry the wood under the control of the temperature and humidity inside the room. For example, as the vaporization mechanism 2, the heating mechanism 3, the air supply mechanism 4, and the exhaust mechanism 5, various conventionally known structures can be adopted instead of the above-described structures. Further, the means for measuring the temperature and the water content inside the wood are not limited to those in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the temperature measuring means of any configuration capable of measuring the temperature inside the wood, and the water content inside the wood can be measured. A water content measuring means having any configuration can be used. Further, the device of the present invention, based on the information of the temperature and moisture content inside the wood obtained by measuring by the measuring means, the temperature and humidity in the drying chamber,
For example, it is preferable to include a control calculation unit that can be automatically controlled so that the method of the above-described embodiment is automatically performed. Specifically, it suffices to input into the personal computer a program that causes the personal computer to function.

【0031】[0031]

【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例等により更に説明す
る。 〔実施例〕図1に示す構成の乾燥装置を用い、杉から製
材した113×113×3000mmの芯持角材50本
(乾燥前含水率;77.9%)について、以下に示す条
件により乾燥を行った。 ・初期蒸射工程;95℃,8時間 ・第1乾燥工程;乾球温度120℃,湿球温度90℃ ・第2乾燥工程;乾球温度110℃,湿球温度80℃ ・第3乾燥工程;乾球温度105℃,湿球温度80℃ 第1乾燥工程においては、当初は被乾燥材の中間部にお
ける温度データを観察し、該温度が100℃を越えた時
点で該中間部の含水率のデータの観察を開始した。そし
て、その含水率のデータが被乾燥材の繊維飽和点である
略35%になった時点P1で、乾燥室内の乾球温度及び
湿球温度の条件を第2乾燥工程の条件に切り替えた。第
2乾燥工程の初期においては、被乾燥材の中心部の温度
データを観察し、該温度が100℃に超えた時点で、該
中心部の含水率のデータの観察を開始した。そして、被
乾燥材の中心部における含水率が35%になった時点P
2で、乾燥室内の乾球温度及び湿球温度の条件を第3乾
燥工程の条件に切り替えた。
EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples and the like. [Example] Using a drying device having the configuration shown in FIG. 1, 50 pieces of 113 × 113 × 3000 mm cored square lumber (water content before drying; 77.9%) made from cedar was dried under the following conditions. went. -Initial steaming process; 95 ° C, 8 hours-First drying process; Dry-bulb temperature 120 ° C, wet-bulb temperature 90 ° C-Second drying process; Dry-bulb temperature 110 ° C, wet-bulb temperature 80 ° C-Third drying process In the first drying step, the temperature data in the middle part of the material to be dried is initially observed, and when the temperature exceeds 100 ° C., the water content of the middle part The observation of the above data was started. Then, at the time P1 when the water content data reached about 35% which is the fiber saturation point of the material to be dried, the conditions of the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature in the drying chamber were switched to the conditions of the second drying step. In the initial stage of the second drying step, the temperature data of the central portion of the material to be dried was observed, and when the temperature exceeded 100 ° C., the observation of the water content data of the central portion was started. Then, when the water content in the central portion of the material to be dried reaches 35% P
In step 2, the conditions of the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature in the drying chamber were switched to the conditions of the third drying step.

【0032】図3は、実施例における被乾燥材の材温及
び含水率の変化並びに工程の制御等を示す乾燥履歴グラ
フである。尚、実施例における第1〜第3の各乾燥工程
の時間は、順に、22時間、60時間、12時間であ
り、初期蒸射から第3乾燥工程終了までの合計の乾燥時
間は102時間であった。
FIG. 3 is a drying history graph showing changes in material temperature and water content of the material to be dried and control of steps in the example. The times of the first to third drying steps in the examples are 22 hours, 60 hours, and 12 hours, respectively, and the total drying time from the initial steaming to the end of the third drying step is 102 hours. there were.

【0033】〔比較例〕実施例と同様の装置を用い、杉
から製材した111×111×3000mmの芯持角材
50本(乾燥前含水率;86.1%)について、以下に
示す条件により乾燥を行った。 ・初期蒸射工程;95℃,8時間 ・乾燥工程;乾球温度120℃,湿球温度90℃ 尚、乾燥工程においては、乾球温度及び湿球温度を一定
に維持し、温度及び湿度の変更は行わなかった。即ち、
木材内部の温度及び含水率の情報に基づく制御を行わな
かった。比較例における初期蒸射から乾燥工程終了まで
の合計の乾燥時間81時間であった。
[Comparative Example] Using the same apparatus as in the example, 50 pieces of 111 × 111 × 3000 mm cored square lumber (water content before drying; 86.1%) made from cedar were dried under the following conditions. I went.・ Initial steaming process; 95 ° C, 8 hours ・ Drying process; Dry-bulb temperature 120 ° C, Wet-bulb temperature 90 ° C In addition, in the drying process, the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature are kept constant and the temperature and humidity are kept constant. No changes were made. That is,
No control based on information on temperature and moisture content inside wood was performed. The total drying time from the initial steaming to the end of the drying step in the comparative example was 81 hours.

【0034】〔評価〕実施例及び比較例の方法により乾
燥を行った芯持角材(それぞれ50本)について、含水
率、材面割れ及び内部割れを、それぞれ以下に示す方法
により評価し、結果を表1に示した。
[Evaluation] With respect to cored square bars (50 pieces each) dried by the methods of Examples and Comparative Examples, water content, material surface cracks and internal cracks were evaluated by the following methods, and the results are shown. The results are shown in Table 1.

【0035】(含水率) 乾燥後の含水率;乾燥後の柱角の中央部を30mm巾に
カットしてサンプルとし、該サンプルの重量W1を測定
した。そして、サンプル片を、JIS Z 2201.
木材の試験方法 含水率の測定方法に準じて、乾燥機中
で105℃に放置し、該サンプルが恒量に達した後の重
量W2を測定し、下記式により乾燥後の含水率を求め
た。 乾燥後の含水率(%)=(W1−W2)/W2×100 乾燥前の含水率;柱材の乾燥後重量から乾燥後に算出し
た含水率で柱角の全乾重量を算出して乾燥前重量を除し
て換算した。
(Water content) Water content after drying: The central portion of the column angle after drying was cut into a width of 30 mm to prepare a sample, and the weight W1 of the sample was measured. Then, the sample piece is set to JIS Z 2201.
Test method for wood According to the method for measuring the water content, the sample was left at 105 ° C. in a dryer, the weight W2 after the sample reached a constant weight was measured, and the water content after drying was determined by the following formula. Moisture content after drying (%) = (W1-W2) / W2 × 100 Moisture content before drying; before drying by calculating the total dry weight of the pillar angle with the water content calculated from the weight after drying of the pillar material It was converted by dividing the weight.

【0036】(材面割れ) 割れ数;最大巾が0.5mm以上で且つ長さが200m
m以上の割れが生じた木材の本数を数え、表1には、5
0本中、何本の木材にこのような割れが生じたかを示し
た。 割れ面積;各柱材について、最大巾が0.5mm以上で
且つ長さが200mm以上の割れの数を数え、その数に
各割れの面積(100mm2 )を乗じて、各木材毎に割
れ面積を求めた。表1には、50本の割れ面積の平均値
を示した。
(Material surface cracking) Number of cracks; maximum width is 0.5 mm or more and length is 200 m
Count the number of pieces of wood that have cracks of m or more.
It was shown how many pieces of wood out of 0 pieces had such cracks. Crack area: For each pillar, count the number of cracks with a maximum width of 0.5 mm or more and a length of 200 mm or more, and multiply the number by the area of each crack (100 mm 2 ) to determine the crack area for each timber. I asked. Table 1 shows the average value of 50 cracked areas.

【0037】(内部割れ)各柱材の木口面(各柱材につ
いて二面,計100面)を観察し、各木口面の内部割れ
の程度を四段階で判定し、木口面の総数に対する各程度
の木口面の割合を求めた。 なし;割れなし。 小 ;割れ面が最大巾1mm×長さ20mm以内 中 ;小以上で割れ面が最大巾2mm以内×長さ50
mm以内 大 ;中以上
(Internal cracking) The knurled surface of each pillar material (two surfaces for each pillar material, a total of 100 surfaces) is observed, and the degree of internal cracking of each knurled surface is judged in four steps, and each of the total number of knurled surfaces The ratio of the degree of grain surface was calculated. None; no cracks. Small: Cracked surface has a maximum width of 1 mm x length of 20 mm or less Medium: Small or larger, a cracked surface has a maximum width of 2 mm x length 50
mm mm large; Medium or higher

【0038】[0038]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0039】表1に示す結果から、本発明の方法によれ
ば、従来の方法(比較例)に比べて、被乾燥材の内部割
れを顕著に低減することができることが判る。また、比
較例の方法で乾燥した木材の色と、実施例の方法で乾燥
した木材の色とを比較したところ、実施例の方が比較例
よりも材色の暗色化の程度が小さかった。尚、本発明の
木材の乾燥方法は、乾燥後の含水率を30%以下、特に
20%以下となるとまで乾燥する場合に特に有効であ
る。
From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the method of the present invention can significantly reduce internal cracking of the material to be dried as compared with the conventional method (comparative example). Moreover, when the color of the wood dried by the method of the comparative example and the color of the wood dried by the method of the example were compared, the degree of darkening of the material color was smaller in the example than in the comparative example. The method for drying wood according to the present invention is particularly effective for drying until the water content after drying reaches 30% or less, particularly 20% or less.

【0040】[0040]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、被乾燥材の材面割れを
抑制でき、材色の暗色化を抑制でき、しかも被乾燥材の
内部割れを顕著に抑制できる木材の乾燥方法及び乾燥装
置を提供することができる。
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a wood drying method and a drying apparatus capable of suppressing surface cracking of a material to be dried, suppressing darkening of the material color, and significantly suppressing internal cracking of the material to be dried. Can be provided.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】図1は、本発明に係る木材の乾燥装置の一実施
形態を示す模式図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a wood drying apparatus according to the present invention.

【図2】図2は、被乾燥材に対して測定手段を取り付け
た状態を模式的に示す説明図である。
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a state in which measuring means is attached to a material to be dried.

【図3】図3は、実施例の乾燥方法における乾燥条件並
びに木材内部の温度及び含水率の変化を示す乾燥履歴グ
ラフである。
FIG. 3 is a drying history graph showing the drying conditions and the changes in the temperature and moisture content inside the wood in the drying method of the example.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 乾燥室 2 蒸射機構 21 蒸気発生装置(ボイラー等) 22 蒸気導入管 23 制御弁 3 加熱機構 31 加熱管 4 給気機構 41 ダクト 42 ダンパー 5 排気機構 51 ダクト 52 ダンパー 6 温度測定手段 7 含水率測定手段 1 drying room 2 evaporation mechanism 21 Steam generator (boiler, etc.) 22 Steam introduction pipe 23 Control valve 3 heating mechanism 31 heating tube 4 Air supply mechanism 41 duct 42 damper 5 exhaust system 51 duct 52 damper 6 Temperature measuring means 7 Moisture content measuring means

Claims (6)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 乾燥室内の温度及び湿度の制御下に該乾
燥室内に収容した木材を乾燥する木材の乾燥方法におい
て、 乾燥中における木材内部の温度及び含水率を連続的又は
断続的に測定し、測定して得られる木材内部の温度及び
含水率の情報に基づいて、前記乾燥室内の温度及び湿度
を制御することを特徴とする木材の乾燥方法。
1. A method for drying wood, which comprises drying wood contained in a drying chamber under the control of temperature and humidity inside the drying chamber, wherein the temperature and water content inside the wood during drying are measured continuously or intermittently. A method for drying wood, characterized in that the temperature and humidity in the drying chamber are controlled on the basis of information on the temperature and moisture content inside the wood obtained by measurement.
【請求項2】 乾球温度110℃以上の条件下に乾燥を
行う第1乾燥工程、及び該第1乾燥工程よりも低い乾球
温度の条件下に乾燥を行う第2乾燥工程を具備し、前記
木材内部の温度及び含水率の情報に基づいて、該第1乾
燥工程と該第2乾燥工程との間の切り替えを行う請求項
1記載の木材の乾燥方法。
2. A first drying step of drying under a dry-bulb temperature of 110 ° C. or higher, and a second drying step of drying under a dry-bulb temperature lower than the first drying step. The method for drying wood according to claim 1, wherein the switching between the first drying step and the second drying step is performed based on information on the temperature and the water content inside the wood.
【請求項3】 前記木材内部の温度及び含水率を、それ
ぞれ木材表面からの深さが異なる二箇所以上の部位にお
いて測定する請求項1又は2記載の木材の乾燥方法。
3. The method for drying wood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature and the water content inside the wood are measured at two or more locations having different depths from the surface of the wood.
【請求項4】 温度及び湿度を制御可能な乾燥室を備
え、該乾燥室内で木材を乾燥する木材の乾燥装置におい
て、 乾燥中における木材内部の温度を測定可能な温度測定手
段及び乾燥中における木材内部の含水率を測定可能な含
水率測定手段を具備することを特徴とする木材の乾燥装
置。
4. A wood drying apparatus comprising a drying chamber capable of controlling temperature and humidity, for drying wood in the drying chamber, wherein temperature measuring means capable of measuring the temperature inside the wood during drying and wood during drying. A wood drying apparatus, comprising a water content measuring means capable of measuring an internal water content.
【請求項5】 前記温度測定手段及び前記含水率測定手
段は、それぞれ木材内部の温度又は含水率を、木材表面
からの深さが異なる二箇所以上の部位において測定可能
である請求項4記載の木材の乾燥装置。
5. The temperature measuring means and the water content measuring means are capable of measuring the temperature inside the wood or the water content at two or more locations having different depths from the surface of the wood. Wood drying equipment.
【請求項6】 前記温度測定手段及び前記含水率測定手
段により測定して得られる木材内部の温度及び含水率の
情報に基づいて、前記乾燥室内の温度及び湿度が自動的
に制御されるようになされている請求項4又は5記載の
木材の乾燥装置。
6. The temperature and humidity in the drying chamber are automatically controlled based on the information on the temperature and moisture content inside the wood obtained by the temperature measuring means and the moisture content measuring means. The drying apparatus for wood according to claim 4 or 5, which is made.
JP2002234242A 2000-02-04 2002-08-12 Method and apparatus for drying lumber Pending JP2003080504A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002234242A JP2003080504A (en) 2000-02-04 2002-08-12 Method and apparatus for drying lumber

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000-28435 2000-02-04
JP2000028435 2000-02-04
JP2002234242A JP2003080504A (en) 2000-02-04 2002-08-12 Method and apparatus for drying lumber

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2000145565A Division JP3361312B2 (en) 2000-02-04 2000-05-17 Wood drying method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2003080504A true JP2003080504A (en) 2003-03-19

Family

ID=26584934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2002234242A Pending JP2003080504A (en) 2000-02-04 2002-08-12 Method and apparatus for drying lumber

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2003080504A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007144866A (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-14 Shinshiba Setsubi:Kk Method and device for humidity-conditioning/drying wood
JP2007168407A (en) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Kazuhiro Ishide Wood drying method and pillar timber
JP2008531332A (en) * 2005-02-22 2008-08-14 ヴァルティオン テクニリネン ツッツキムスケスクス How to treat wood at high temperatures
JP2009085542A (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-23 Senju Oishi Wood drying method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008531332A (en) * 2005-02-22 2008-08-14 ヴァルティオン テクニリネン ツッツキムスケスクス How to treat wood at high temperatures
JP2007144866A (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-14 Shinshiba Setsubi:Kk Method and device for humidity-conditioning/drying wood
JP2007168407A (en) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Kazuhiro Ishide Wood drying method and pillar timber
JP2009085542A (en) * 2007-10-01 2009-04-23 Senju Oishi Wood drying method

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