JP2003073872A - Water electrolysis facilities - Google Patents
Water electrolysis facilitiesInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003073872A JP2003073872A JP2001271175A JP2001271175A JP2003073872A JP 2003073872 A JP2003073872 A JP 2003073872A JP 2001271175 A JP2001271175 A JP 2001271175A JP 2001271175 A JP2001271175 A JP 2001271175A JP 2003073872 A JP2003073872 A JP 2003073872A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- hydrogen
- gas
- oxygen
- separator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、水を水素と酸素に
電気分解し貯蔵するための水電解設備に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water electrolysis facility for electrolyzing water into hydrogen and oxygen for storage.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図３は、固体高分子型燃料電池（Ｐｏｌ
ｙｍｅｒ ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅＦｕｅｌ Ｃｅｌ
ｌ：ＰＥＦＣ）の原理図である。この燃料電池は、電解
質にプロトン（Ｈ+）導電性を有する高分子膜Ｔを用
い、この膜の両側に薄い多孔質Ｐｔ触媒電極（アノード
ＡとカソードＣ）を付けた構造を有する。それぞれの電
極にＨ2およびＯ2を供給し、室温〜１００℃前後で動作
させると、Ｈ2はＨ2極（アノードＡ）でＨ+に酸化さ
れ、Ｈ+は膜内を移動してＯ2極（カソードＣ）に到達す
る。一方ｅ-は外部回路を通って電気的な仕事をしたの
ち、Ｏ2極に到達する。Ｏ2極ではＯ2が到達したＨ+およ
びｅ-と反応してＨ2Ｏに還元される。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 3 shows a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (Pol).
ymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
1 is a principle diagram of (PEFC). This fuel cell has a structure in which a polymer membrane T having proton (H + ) conductivity is used as an electrolyte and thin porous Pt catalyst electrodes (anode A and cathode C) are attached to both sides of this membrane. Supplying H 2 and O 2 to the respective electrodes, operating at around room temperature to 100 ° C., H 2 is oxidized to H + with H 2-pole (anode A), H + is moved to the film O It reaches the two poles (cathode C). On the other hand, e − reaches an O 2 pole after performing an electric work through an external circuit. At the O 2 electrode, O 2 reacts with the reached H + and e − and is reduced to H 2 O.
【０００３】上述した燃料電池は、全体としては水素と
酸素から水を生成する反応である。そのため、例えば宇
宙ステーション等で燃料電池を長期間利用するために、
太陽光が利用できない時間帯に燃料電池を利用し、逆に
太陽光が利用できる時間帯には、太陽電池等の電力で水
を水素と酸素に電気分解して貯蔵することが検討されて
いる。The above-mentioned fuel cell is a reaction which produces water from hydrogen and oxygen as a whole. Therefore, for example, in order to use the fuel cell for a long time at the space station,
It is considered to use the fuel cell during the time when sunlight cannot be used, and conversely to store water by electrolyzing water into hydrogen and oxygen with the electric power of the solar cell during the time when sunlight can be used. .
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】図４は水を水素と酸素
に電気分解して貯蔵する従来の水電解設備の構成図であ
る。この図において、１は水容器、２は水供給ポンプ、
３は水電解スタック、４は水素／水分離器、５は酸素／
水分離器、６ａ，６ｂは逆止弁、７は水素貯蔵タンク、
８は酸素貯蔵タンク、９ａ，９ｂはリターンポンプであ
る。FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a conventional water electrolysis facility for electrolyzing water into hydrogen and oxygen for storage. In this figure, 1 is a water container, 2 is a water supply pump,
3 is a water electrolysis stack, 4 is a hydrogen / water separator, 5 is oxygen /
Water separator, 6a and 6b are check valves, 7 is hydrogen storage tank,
Reference numeral 8 is an oxygen storage tank, and 9a and 9b are return pumps.
【０００５】水電解スタック３は、図３に示した燃料電
池と同様の構成の水電解セルを複数積層した積層セルで
あり、図示しない電源を負荷することにより、内部を流
れる水を水素と酸素に電気分解する。すなわち、水はＯ
2極（カソードＣ）に供給され、ここでＯ2とＨ+および
ｅ-に分解され、Ｏ2はＯ2極で気泡を発生する。一方、
Ｈ+はセル内の電位差により膜内を移動してＨ2極（アノ
ードＡ）に達し、ここでＨ2の気泡となる。従って、Ｏ2
極からは酸素ガスが未反応の水と共に流出し、Ｈ2極か
らは水素ガスが膜を通過した少量の水と共に流出する。The water electrolysis stack 3 is a laminated cell in which a plurality of water electrolysis cells having the same structure as that of the fuel cell shown in FIG. 3 are laminated. Electrolyze into. That is, water is O
It is supplied to the two poles (cathode C), where it is decomposed into O 2 , H + and e − , and O 2 generates bubbles at the O 2 pole. on the other hand,
H + moves in the film due to the potential difference in the cell and reaches the H 2 pole (anode A), where it becomes a bubble of H 2 . Therefore, O 2
Oxygen gas flows out from the electrode together with unreacted water, and hydrogen gas flows out from the H 2 electrode together with a small amount of water that has passed through the membrane.
【０００６】図４において、水容器１の水は、水供給ポ
ンプ２により規定の圧力で水電解スタック３へ供給され
る。水電解スタック３は、外部からの電気エネルギーに
より、水をＨ2とＯ2に分解する。分解したＨ2とＯ2は、
各々Ｈ2，Ｏ2極ポートより取出される。各々のガスには
未消費の水が多量に混入するため水素／水分離器４及び
酸素／水分離器５によりガスと水を分離させ、各々のガ
スは各々の貯蔵タンク７，８に圧送され蓄圧する。また
分離器４，５内の水は分離器内に溜まるが液面レベルセ
ンサによりその量を検知し、規定量以上になると水リタ
ーンポンプ９ａ，９ｂを駆動し、水容器１に戻し再使用
する。なお水電解スタック３は電気エネルギーの損失及
び水分解反応による発熱を伴なう。そのため、冷却のた
め水分解に要する水量の十数倍が水電解スタック３に供
給され、それが未消費の水として水容器１に戻るように
なっている。In FIG. 4, the water in the water container 1 is supplied to the water electrolysis stack 3 at a prescribed pressure by the water supply pump 2. The water electrolysis stack 3 decomposes water into H 2 and O 2 by electric energy from the outside. The decomposed H 2 and O 2 are
They are taken out from the H 2 and O 2 pole ports, respectively. Since a large amount of unconsumed water is mixed in each gas, the gas and water are separated by the hydrogen / water separator 4 and the oxygen / water separator 5, and each gas is pumped to each storage tank 7, 8. Accumulate pressure. Further, the water in the separators 4 and 5 collects in the separators, the amount of which is detected by a liquid level sensor, and when the amount exceeds a specified amount, the water return pumps 9a and 9b are driven and returned to the water container 1 for reuse. . The water electrolysis stack 3 is accompanied by loss of electric energy and heat generation due to a water splitting reaction. Therefore, more than ten times the amount of water required for water decomposition for cooling is supplied to the water electrolysis stack 3, and the water is returned to the water container 1 as unconsumed water.
【０００７】上述した従来の水電解設備では、以下の問
題点があった。
（１）分離器４，５内においてガス（水素又は酸素）と
水は分離されるが、少量のガスは水に溶融又は微細な気
泡として混入し、水容器１に戻される。そのため水容器
１内において水素と酸素の両方のガス濃度が徐々に高く
なり、反応して発熱するおそれがある。
（２）分離器４，５に多量の未消費水が流入するため、
液面レベルセンサ、リターンポンプの起動・停止（ＯＮ
・ＯＦＦ）の頻度が多く、耐久性が低下し、故障率が増
加するおそれがある。
（３）水供給系及びリターン系とも多量の水を対象とす
るため各機器の容量が大きくなる。The above-mentioned conventional water electrolysis equipment has the following problems. (1) Gas (hydrogen or oxygen) and water are separated in the separators 4 and 5, but a small amount of gas is mixed with water or mixed as fine bubbles and returned to the water container 1. Therefore, the gas concentrations of both hydrogen and oxygen in the water container 1 gradually increase, and there is a risk of reaction and heat generation. (2) Since a large amount of unconsumed water flows into the separators 4 and 5,
Start / stop of liquid level sensor and return pump (ON
・ OFF) is frequent, durability may decrease, and failure rate may increase. (3) Since a large amount of water is targeted for both the water supply system and the return system, the capacity of each device becomes large.
【０００８】本発明はかかる問題点を解決するために創
案されたものである。すなわち、本発明の目的は、水を
水素と酸素に電気分解し貯蔵することができ、電気分解
した水素と酸素が同一箇所で互いに接触して反応するお
それがほとんどなく、各構成機器の起動・停止の頻度が
低く故障率を低減でき、かつ各構成機器の必要容量を小
さくできる水電解設備を提供することにある。The present invention was devised to solve such problems. That is, the object of the present invention is that water can be electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen and stored, and there is almost no possibility that electrolyzed hydrogen and oxygen will contact and react with each other at the same location, and start-up of each component An object of the present invention is to provide a water electrolysis facility in which the frequency of stoppages is low, the failure rate can be reduced, and the required capacity of each component is reduced.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明によれば、水容器
（１）内の水を水供給ポンプ（２）で加圧して水電解ス
タック（３）へ供給し、該水電解スタックで水の一部を
水素ガスと酸素ガスに分解し、水素ガス又は酸素ガスを
含む水を水素／水分離器（４）と酸素／水分離器（５）
でそれぞれのガスと水に分離し、それぞれのガスをそれ
ぞれの貯蔵タンク（７，８）に圧送し蓄圧する水電解設
備において、前記水素／水分離器内の水素ガスを含む水
を減圧して内部に含有するガスを減圧除去する水素減圧
除去装置（１２）と、減圧除去した水を加圧して前記水
容器に圧送する加圧圧送ポンプ（１４）と、前記酸素／
水分離器内の酸素ガスを含む水を前記水ポンプで加圧し
た圧力水中に循環させる水循環ポンプ（１６）と、を備
えたことを特徴とする水電解設備が提供される。According to the present invention, the water in the water container (1) is pressurized by the water supply pump (2) and supplied to the water electrolysis stack (3), and the water electrolysis stack (3) Part of water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and hydrogen gas or water containing oxygen gas is separated into hydrogen / water separator (4) and oxygen / water separator (5).
In a water electrolysis facility in which each gas and water are separated by, and each gas is sent under pressure to each storage tank (7, 8), the water containing hydrogen gas in the hydrogen / water separator is depressurized. A hydrogen decompression device (12) for decompressing the gas contained therein, a pressurization pressure pump (14) for pressurizing and depressurizing the water removed under pressure, and the oxygen /
There is provided a water electrolysis facility comprising: a water circulation pump (16) for circulating water containing oxygen gas in a water separator into pressurized water pressurized by the water pump.
【００１０】上記本発明の構成によれば、水素減圧除去
装置（１２）により水素／水分離器（４）内の水素ガス
を含む水を減圧して内部に含有するガスを減圧除去する
ので、高圧水中に溶存する水素も減圧により気泡化して
除去できる。また、その減圧除去した水を加圧圧送ポン
プ（１４）により加圧して水容器（１）に圧送するの
で、水容器（１）に戻る水の水素含有量を大幅に低減す
ることができる。According to the above-mentioned constitution of the present invention, the hydrogen depressurization removal device (12) depressurizes the water containing hydrogen gas in the hydrogen / water separator (4) to remove the gas contained therein under reduced pressure. Hydrogen dissolved in high-pressure water can also be bubbled and removed by decompression. Further, since the water removed under reduced pressure is pressurized by the pressurizing and pressure-feeding pump (14) and pressure-fed to the water container (1), the hydrogen content of the water returned to the water container (1) can be significantly reduced.
【００１１】更に、水循環ポンプ（１６）により酸素／
水分離器（５）内の酸素ガスを含む水を、水容器（１）
には戻さず、その下流に位置する水ポンプ（２）で加圧
した圧力水中に循環させるので、酸素ガスを含む水は、
水電解スタック（３）と酸素／水分離器（５）の間を循
環し、水容器（１）の水とは水電解スタック（３）の上
流側の配管ライン内でしか合流しない。従って、電気分
解した水素と酸素が同一箇所で互いに接触して反応する
おそれがほとんどなく、また仮に水中で反応しても、水
中で水に戻る穏やかな反応にすぎず、安全性を大幅に高
めることができる。Further, the water circulation pump (16) supplies oxygen /
Water containing oxygen gas in the water separator (5) is stored in the water container (1).
Since it is circulated in the pressure water pressurized by the water pump (2) located downstream of the water, the water containing oxygen gas is
It circulates between the water electrolysis stack (3) and the oxygen / water separator (5) and joins the water in the water container (1) only in the upstream pipeline of the water electrolysis stack (3). Therefore, there is little risk that electrolyzed hydrogen and oxygen will react by contacting each other at the same place, and even if they react in water, they are only mild reactions that return to water in water, greatly improving safety. be able to.
【００１２】本発明の好ましい実施形態によれば、前記
水素減圧除去装置（１２）は、上部が大気開放された大
気開放タンク（１２ａ）と、前記水素／水分離器（４）
内の水素ガスを含む水を大気開放タンク内に供給する水
排出弁（１１）と、大気開放タンク内で分離したガスを
外部に排出するガス排気ライン（１３）とからなる。こ
の構成により、水排出弁（１１）により大気開放タンク
（１２ａ）内に水素ガスを含む水を供給し、大気開放タ
ンクで大気開放して、高圧水中に溶存する水素を減圧に
より気泡化し、ガス排気ライン（１３）により分離した
ガスを外部に排出することができる。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen decompression device (12) comprises an atmosphere open tank (12a) whose upper part is open to the atmosphere, and the hydrogen / water separator (4).
It comprises a water discharge valve (11) for supplying water containing hydrogen gas into the atmosphere open tank, and a gas exhaust line (13) for discharging the gas separated in the atmosphere open tank to the outside. With this configuration, water containing hydrogen gas is supplied into the atmosphere open tank (12a) by the water discharge valve (11), and the atmosphere is opened in the atmosphere open tank, and hydrogen dissolved in high pressure water is bubbled by decompression. The gas separated by the exhaust line (13) can be discharged to the outside.
【００１３】また、前記水素／水分離器（４）は、内部
の水位を検出する液面センサ（４ａ）を有し、該液面セ
ンサの検出水位に応じて、前記水排出弁（１１）を制御
して、水素／水分離器内の水位を調節し、前記水素減圧
除去装置（１２）は、大気開放タンク（１２ａ）内の水
位を検出する液面センサ（１２ｂ）を有し、該液面セン
サの検出水位に応じて、前記加圧圧送ポンプ（１４）を
制御して、大気開放タンク内の水位を調節する、ことが
好ましい。この構成により、水排出弁（１１）と加圧圧
送ポンプ（１４）の起動・停止の頻度を低減して故障率
を下げ、かつ各構成機器の必要容量を小さくできる。The hydrogen / water separator (4) has a liquid level sensor (4a) for detecting the internal water level, and the water discharge valve (11) is responsive to the detected water level of the liquid level sensor. To control the water level in the hydrogen / water separator, and the hydrogen decompression removal device (12) has a liquid level sensor (12b) for detecting the water level in the atmosphere open tank (12a), It is preferable to control the pressurizing and pressure-feeding pump (14) according to the water level detected by the liquid level sensor to adjust the water level in the atmosphere open tank. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the frequency of starting and stopping the water discharge valve (11) and the pressurizing and pressure feeding pump (14) to reduce the failure rate, and to reduce the required capacity of each component device.
【００１４】また、前記酸素／水分離器（５）は、内部
の水位を検出する液面センサ（５ａ）を有し、該液面セ
ンサの検出水位に応じて、前記水供給ポンプ（２）を制
御し、酸素／水分離器内の水位を調節する、ことが好ま
しい。この構成により、水供給ポンプ（２）の起動・停
止の頻度を低減して故障率を下げ、かつ各構成機器の必
要容量を小さくできる。The oxygen / water separator (5) has a liquid level sensor (5a) for detecting the internal water level, and the water supply pump (2) is responsive to the detected water level of the liquid level sensor. Is preferably controlled to regulate the water level in the oxygen / water separator. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the frequency of starting and stopping the water supply pump (2), reduce the failure rate, and reduce the required capacity of each component device.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態
を図面を参照して説明する。なお、各図において共通す
る部分には同一の符号を付し、重複した説明を省略す
る。図１は、本発明の水電解設備の全体構成図である。
この図に示すように、本発明の水電解設備１０は、水容
器１内の水を水供給ポンプ２で加圧して水電解スタック
３へ供給し、水電解スタック３で水の一部を水素ガスと
酸素ガスに分解し、水素ガス又は酸素ガスを含む水を水
素／水分離器４と酸素／水分離器５でそれぞれのガスと
水に分離し、それぞれのガスをそれぞれの貯蔵タンク
７，８に圧送し蓄圧するようになっている。この実施形
態において、水電解スタック３は、加圧式であり、高圧
（例えば１０気圧前後）で作動し、貯蔵タンク７，８に
最大１０気圧前後のガスを貯蔵するようになっている。
なお、本発明は、かかる圧力に限定されず、少なくとも
常圧以上で運転できればよい。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each figure, the common part is denoted by the same reference numeral, and the duplicated description will be omitted. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the water electrolysis equipment of the present invention.
As shown in this figure, in the water electrolysis facility 10 of the present invention, the water in the water container 1 is pressurized by the water supply pump 2 and supplied to the water electrolysis stack 3, and the water electrolysis stack 3 partially hydrogenates the water. Gas and oxygen gas are decomposed, and hydrogen gas or water containing oxygen gas is separated into respective gas and water by hydrogen / water separator 4 and oxygen / water separator 5, and each gas is stored in each storage tank 7, It is designed to be pressure-fed to 8 for pressure accumulation. In this embodiment, the water electrolysis stack 3 is of a pressurized type, operates at a high pressure (for example, around 10 atm), and stores gas at a maximum of around 10 atm in the storage tanks 7 and 8.
Note that the present invention is not limited to such pressure, and it is sufficient that the present invention can be operated at least at atmospheric pressure or higher.
【００１６】図２は、本発明の水電解設備を構成する水
電解スタック３の模式図である。この図に示すように、
水電解スタック３は、水素透過膜３ａの両側に１対の電
極（アノードＡとカソードＣ）を付けた、燃料電池と同
様の構成の水電解セルを複数積層した積層セルである。
このアノードＡとカソードＣの間に外部電源から電圧を
印加し、水をＯ2極（カソードＣ）に供給することによ
り、カソードＣで水がＯ2とＨ+およびｅ-に電気分解さ
れ、Ｏ2はＯ2極でそのまま気泡となって未反応の水と共
に流出する。一方、Ｈ+はセル内の電位差により膜内を
移動してＨ２極（アノードＡ）に達し、ここでＨ2の気
泡となり、膜を通過した少量の水と共に流出する。従っ
て、全体として内部を流れる水の一部が水素と酸素に電
気分解される。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the water electrolysis stack 3 which constitutes the water electrolysis equipment of the present invention. As shown in this figure,
The water electrolysis stack 3 is a laminated cell in which a plurality of water electrolysis cells having the same configuration as the fuel cell, in which a pair of electrodes (anode A and cathode C) are attached to both sides of the hydrogen permeable membrane 3a, are laminated.
By applying a voltage from an external power source between the anode A and the cathode C and supplying water to the O 2 electrode (cathode C), the water is electrolyzed into O 2 and H + and e − at the cathode C, O 2 becomes bubbles as it is at the O 2 electrode and flows out together with unreacted water. On the other hand, H + moves in the membrane due to the potential difference in the cell and reaches the H2 pole (anode A), where it becomes H 2 bubbles and flows out together with a small amount of water that has passed through the membrane. Therefore, a part of the water flowing inside is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen.
【００１７】図１において、本発明の水電解設備１０
は、更に、水素減圧除去装置１２、加圧圧送ポンプ１４
及び水循環ポンプ１６を備える。In FIG. 1, the water electrolysis equipment 10 of the present invention is shown.
Further, the hydrogen decompression removal device 12 and the pressurization pressure pump 14
And a water circulation pump 16.
【００１８】水素減圧除去装置１２は、上部が大気開放
された大気開放タンク１２ａと、水素／水分離器４内の
水素ガスを含む水を大気開放タンク内に供給する水排出
弁１１と、大気開放タンク１２ａ内で分離したガスを外
部に排出するガス排気ライン１３とからなる。水素／水
分離器４は、内部の水位を検出する液面センサ４ａを有
し、この液面センサの検出水位に応じて、ドライバ１１
ａにより水排出弁１１を制御して、水素／水分離器内の
水位を調節するようになっている。水排出弁１１は、こ
の例ではパイロット式の開閉弁であるが、水素／水分離
器４内の圧力を保持する機能を備えているのがよい。ま
た、ガス排気ライン１３には、フィルタ１３ａが設けら
れ、加圧圧送ポンプ１４が作動したとき、大気開放タン
ク１２ａの水位が下がり、ガス排気ライン１３より大気
を吸い込むが、このフィルタで異物を除去し、大気開放
タンク内部の清浄度を保つようになっている。The decompression device 12 for decompressing hydrogen has an atmosphere open tank 12a whose upper part is open to the atmosphere, a water discharge valve 11 for supplying water containing hydrogen gas in the hydrogen / water separator 4 to the atmosphere open tank, and an atmosphere. It comprises a gas exhaust line 13 for discharging the gas separated in the open tank 12a to the outside. The hydrogen / water separator 4 has a liquid level sensor 4a for detecting the internal water level, and the driver 11 is responsive to the detected water level of the liquid level sensor.
The water discharge valve 11 is controlled by a to adjust the water level in the hydrogen / water separator. Although the water discharge valve 11 is a pilot type on-off valve in this example, it is preferable that the water discharge valve 11 has a function of holding the pressure in the hydrogen / water separator 4. Further, the gas exhaust line 13 is provided with a filter 13a, and when the pressurizing and pressure-feeding pump 14 is operated, the water level in the atmosphere release tank 12a is lowered and the atmosphere is sucked in from the gas exhaust line 13, but this filter removes foreign matters. However, the inside of the atmosphere open tank is kept clean.
【００１９】加圧圧送ポンプ１４は、大気開放タンク１
２ａ内で水素ガスを減圧除去した水を加圧して水容器１
に水リターンライン１８を介して圧送する。また、水素
減圧除去装置１２は、更に、大気開放タンク１２ａ内の
水位を検出する液面センサ１２ｂを有し、液面センサ１
２の検出水位に応じて、ドライバ１４ａを介して加圧圧
送ポンプ１４を起動・停止（ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御）して、
大気開放タンク１２内の水位を調節するようになってい
る。The pressurizing and pressure-feeding pump 14 is a tank open to the atmosphere 1.
Water container 1 which is pressurized by removing hydrogen gas under reduced pressure in 2a
Is pumped through a water return line 18. Further, the hydrogen decompression removal device 12 further includes a liquid level sensor 12b for detecting the water level in the atmosphere open tank 12a, and the liquid level sensor 1
In accordance with the detected water level of 2, the pressurizing and pressure-feeding pump 14 is started / stopped (ON / OFF control) via the driver 14a,
The water level in the atmosphere open tank 12 is adjusted.
【００２０】水循環ポンプ１６は、酸素／水分離器５内
の酸素ガスを含む水を水循環ライン１９を介して水ポン
プ２で加圧した圧力水中に循環させるようになってい
る。この水循環ポンプ１６は、水電解スタック３を冷却
するために連続運転される。また、その合流点に逆流を
防止する逆止弁１７ａ，１７ｂが設けられ、水ポンプ２
への逆流と水循環ポンプ１６への逆流を防止している。The water circulation pump 16 circulates the water containing oxygen gas in the oxygen / water separator 5 through the water circulation line 19 into the pressurized water pressurized by the water pump 2. The water circulation pump 16 is continuously operated to cool the water electrolysis stack 3. Further, check valves 17a and 17b for preventing backflow are provided at the confluence of the water pump 2
Backflow to the water circulation pump 16 is prevented.
【００２１】図１において、酸素／水分離器５は、更
に、内部の水位を検出する液面センサ５ａを有し、この
液面センサの検出水位に応じて、ドライバ２ａを介して
水供給ポンプ２を起動・停止（ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御）し
て、酸素／水分離器５内の水位を調節するようになって
いる。In FIG. 1, the oxygen / water separator 5 further has a liquid level sensor 5a for detecting the internal water level, and a water supply pump via a driver 2a according to the detected water level of the liquid level sensor. 2 is started and stopped (ON / OFF control) to adjust the water level in the oxygen / water separator 5.
【００２２】以下、本発明の水電解設備１０の作用を説
明する。図１において、水容器１内の水は、水供給ポン
プ２により規定の圧力以下で水電解スタック３へ供給さ
れる。水電解スタック３は、外部からの直流電源による
電気エネルギーが供給されると、水をＨ2とＯ2に分解す
る。このとき、電気エネルギーの損失分、水分解反応に
より発熱する。従って、水電解スタック３には、水分解
に要する水以外に冷却のために充分な水の供給が必要と
なる。水分解したＨ2，Ｏ2は水電解スタック３のＨ2，
Ｏ2極ポートより取出すが、各々のガスには未消費の水
が多量に混入するため、水素／水分離器４及び酸素／水
分離器５でガスと水に分離して、ガスは各々逆止弁６
ａ，６ｂを通り水素貯蔵タンク７、酸素貯蔵タンク８に
蓄圧される。水素／水分離器４にて分離した水は液面セ
ンサー４ａの上水位信号によりバルブ１１が開き大気開
放タンク１２ａに圧送され大気圧下で混入しているＨ２
を大気に放出したのち水容器１に加圧圧送ポンプ１４に
て戻す。The operation of the water electrolysis equipment 10 of the present invention will be described below. In FIG. 1, the water in the water container 1 is supplied to the water electrolysis stack 3 by the water supply pump 2 at a prescribed pressure or less. The water electrolysis stack 3 decomposes water into H 2 and O 2 when supplied with electric energy from a DC power source from the outside. At this time, the loss of electric energy causes heat generation due to the water splitting reaction. Therefore, in addition to the water required for water decomposition, the water electrolysis stack 3 needs to be supplied with sufficient water for cooling. Water decomposed H 2, O 2 is of H 2 water electrolysis stack 3,
Although it is taken out from the O 2 pole port, a large amount of unconsumed water is mixed in each gas, so it is separated into gas and water by the hydrogen / water separator 4 and the oxygen / water separator 5, and the gases are reversed. Stop valve 6
Pressure is accumulated in the hydrogen storage tank 7 and the oxygen storage tank 8 through a and 6b. The water separated by the hydrogen / water separator 4 is pressure-fed to the atmosphere open tank 12a by the valve 11 by the upper water level signal of the liquid level sensor 4a, and is mixed under atmospheric pressure.
Is released to the atmosphere and then returned to the water container 1 by the pressurizing and pressure-feeding pump 14.
【００２３】酸素／水分離器５にて分離した水は液面セ
ンサ５ａの水位信号により、水供給ポンプ２を停止させ
る。水循環ポンプ１６は常時作動しており、水は水電解
スタック３と酸素／水分離器５を循環する。水分解によ
り水が消費し、酸素／水分離器５の液面が下がると液面
センサ５ａの下水位信号により水供給ポンプ２が作動
し、水容器１より新たな水が水電解スタック３に補給さ
れる。そして未消費の水により分離器５の液面が上昇し
液面センサ１４の逆水位信号が出力し水供給ポンプ２が
停止する。The water separated by the oxygen / water separator 5 stops the water supply pump 2 by the water level signal of the liquid level sensor 5a. The water circulation pump 16 is constantly operating and water circulates through the water electrolysis stack 3 and the oxygen / water separator 5. When water is consumed by water decomposition and the liquid level of the oxygen / water separator 5 drops, the water supply pump 2 is activated by the lower water level signal of the liquid level sensor 5a, and new water from the water container 1 is transferred to the water electrolysis stack 3. Will be replenished. Then, the liquid level of the separator 5 rises due to unconsumed water, the reverse water level signal of the liquid level sensor 14 is output, and the water supply pump 2 is stopped.
【００２４】上述した本発明の構成によれば、水素減圧
除去装置１２により水素／水分離器４内の水素ガスを含
む水を減圧して内部に含有するガスを減圧除去するの
で、高圧水中に溶存する水素も減圧により気泡化して除
去できる。また、その減圧除去した水を加圧圧送ポンプ
１４により加圧して水容器１に圧送するので、水容器１
に戻る水の水素含有量を大幅に低減することができる。According to the above-described structure of the present invention, the depressurized hydrogen removing device 12 depressurizes the water containing hydrogen gas in the hydrogen / water separator 4 to depressurize the gas contained therein. Dissolved hydrogen can also be bubbled and removed by decompression. Further, since the water removed under reduced pressure is pressurized by the pressure pump 14 and pressure-fed to the water container 1, the water container 1
The hydrogen content of water returned to can be significantly reduced.
【００２５】更に、水循環ポンプ１６により酸素／水分
離器５内の酸素ガスを含む水を、水容器１には戻さず、
その下流に位置する水ポンプ２で加圧した圧力水中に循
環させるので、酸素ガスを含む水は、水電解スタック３
と酸素／水分離器５の間を循環し、水容器１の水とは水
電解スタック３の上流側の配管ライン内でしか合流しな
い。従って、電気分解した水素と酸素が同一箇所で互い
に接触して反応するおそれがほとんどなく、また仮に水
中で反応しても、水中で水に戻る穏やかな反応にすぎ
ず、安全性を大幅に高めることができる。Further, the water containing oxygen gas in the oxygen / water separator 5 is not returned to the water container 1 by the water circulation pump 16,
Since the water containing oxygen gas is circulated in the pressurized water pressurized by the water pump 2 located downstream of the water pump 2,
And the oxygen / water separator 5 are circulated, and the water in the water container 1 joins only in the piping line on the upstream side of the water electrolysis stack 3. Therefore, there is little risk that electrolyzed hydrogen and oxygen will react by contacting each other at the same place, and even if they react in water, they are only mild reactions that return to water in water, greatly improving safety. be able to.
【００２６】また、液面センサ４ａ，５ａ，１２ｂの検
出水位に応じて、水供給ポンプ２，水排出弁１１，加圧
圧送ポンプ１４を制御し、水位を調節するので、水供給
ポンプ２，水排出弁１１，加圧圧送ポンプ１４の起動・
停止の頻度を低減して故障率を下げ、かつ各構成機器の
必要容量を小さくできる。Further, the water supply pump 2, the water discharge valve 11 and the pressurization pressure pump 14 are controlled in accordance with the water levels detected by the liquid level sensors 4a, 5a, 12b to adjust the water level. Start-up of the water discharge valve 11 and the pressurizing pressure pump 14.
It is possible to reduce the frequency of stoppages, reduce the failure rate, and reduce the required capacity of each component.
【００２７】なお、本発明は上述した実施例及び実施形
態に限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々
変更できることは勿論である。上述した例では、燃料電
池に空気を供給する場合を示したが、酸素を供給する場
合にも同様に適用することができる。The present invention is not limited to the examples and embodiments described above, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. In the example described above, the case where air is supplied to the fuel cell has been shown, but the same can be applied to the case where oxygen is supplied.
【００２８】[0028]
【発明の効果】上述したように、本発明は、（１）酸素
／水分離器の水を、水電解スタックの水供給ポートに戻
し、酸素／水分離器の液面センサの上水位信号により水
供給ポンプを停止し、下水位信号にて作動させ、循環ポ
ンプは常に運転するようにし、かつ（２）水素／水分離
器の水を、水素／水分離器の液面センサの上水位信号に
より大気開放された容器に圧送し、水に混入したＨ２と
完全に放出したのち、水容器に戻すようにしたものであ
る。As described above, according to the present invention, (1) the water of the oxygen / water separator is returned to the water supply port of the water electrolysis stack, and the upper level signal of the liquid level sensor of the oxygen / water separator is used. Stop the water supply pump, operate it with the sewage level signal, keep the circulation pump running all the time, and (2) send the water of the hydrogen / water separator to the upper level signal of the liquid level sensor of the hydrogen / water separator. In this way, it is sent under pressure to a container opened to the atmosphere, and after H2 mixed in water is completely released, it is returned to the water container.
【００２９】この構成により、本発明は以下の効果を有
する。
（１）引火性の強い水素は、水の中にｐｐｍオーダの濃
度で含まれるが、大気圧下容器内で大気に放出している
ため蓄積することはなく安全性が確保できる。
（２）酸素／水分離器の水を常時循環させるため分離器
の液面は、水分解で消費される分低下する。このため液
面センサ、水供給ポンプのＯＮ−ＯＦＦ頻度は減少し耐
久性が向上する。
（３）水供給は、水分解消費分のみとなり、水供給ライ
ンの容量の小型化が可能となる。With this configuration, the present invention has the following effects. (1) Hydrogen, which is highly flammable, is contained in water at a concentration on the order of ppm, but since it is released to the atmosphere in a container under atmospheric pressure, it does not accumulate and safety can be secured. (2) Since the water in the oxygen / water separator is constantly circulated, the liquid level in the separator is reduced by the amount consumed by water decomposition. Therefore, the ON-OFF frequency of the liquid level sensor and the water supply pump is reduced, and the durability is improved. (3) Water is supplied only by water decomposition consumption, and the capacity of the water supply line can be reduced.
【００３０】従って、本発明の水電解設備は、水を水素
と酸素に電気分解し貯蔵することができ、電気分解した
水素と酸素が同一箇所で互いに接触して反応するおそれ
がほとんどなく、各構成機器の起動・停止の頻度が低く
故障率を低減でき、かつ各構成機器の必要容量を小さく
できる、等の優れた効果を有する。Therefore, in the water electrolysis equipment of the present invention, water can be electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen and stored, and there is almost no possibility that electrolyzed hydrogen and oxygen will come into contact with each other at the same location and react with each other. It has excellent effects such that the frequency of starting and stopping the constituent devices is low, the failure rate can be reduced, and the required capacity of each constituent device can be reduced.
【図１】本発明の水電解設備の全体構成図である。FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a water electrolysis facility of the present invention.
【図２】本発明を構成する水電解スタックの模式図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water electrolysis stack that constitutes the present invention.
【図３】固体高分子型燃料電池の原理図である。FIG. 3 is a principle diagram of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
【図４】従来の水電解設備の構成図である。FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional water electrolysis facility.
１ 水容器、２ 水供給ポンプ、２ａ ドライバ、３
水電解スタック、４ 水素／水分離器、４ａ 液面セン
サ、５ 酸素／水分離器、５ａ 液面センサ、６ａ，６
ｂ 逆止弁、７ 水素貯蔵タンク、８ 酸素貯蔵タン
ク、９ａ，９ｂ リターンポンプ、１０ 水電解設備、
１１ 水排出弁、１１ａ ドライバ、１２ 水素減圧除
去装置、１２ａ 大気開放タンク、１２ｂ 液面セン
サ、１３ ガス排気ライン、１４ 加圧圧送ポンプ、１
４ａ ドライバ、１６ 水循環ポンプ、１７ａ，１７ｂ
逆止弁、１８ 水リターンライン、１９ 水循環ライ
ン1 water container, 2 water supply pump, 2a driver, 3
Water electrolysis stack, 4 Hydrogen / water separator, 4a Liquid level sensor, 5 Oxygen / water separator, 5a Liquid level sensor, 6a, 6
b check valve, 7 hydrogen storage tank, 8 oxygen storage tank, 9a, 9b return pump, 10 water electrolysis equipment,
11 water discharge valve, 11a driver, 12 hydrogen decompression removal device, 12a atmosphere open tank, 12b liquid level sensor, 13 gas exhaust line, 14 pressurizing pressure pump, 1
4a driver, 16 water circulation pump, 17a, 17b
Check valve, 18 water return line, 19 water circulation line
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 岡屋 俊一 東京都千代田区大手町二丁目２番１号 株 式会社アイ・エイチ・アイ・エアロスペー ス内 (72)発明者 篠崎 昇 東京都千代田区大手町二丁目２番１号 株 式会社アイ・エイチ・アイ・エアロスペー ス内 (72)発明者 谷内 雄作 東京都千代田区大手町二丁目２番１号 株 式会社アイ・エイチ・アイ・エアロスペー ス内 Ｆターム(参考） 4D011 AA16 AC03 4D037 AA01 AB18 BA23 BB01 CA04 4K021 AA01 BA02 BB04 CA10 CA11 DB02 DC01 DC03 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Shunichi Okaya 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Stock Ceremony Company IHI Aerospace Within (72) Inventor Noboru Shinozaki 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Stock Ceremony Company IHI Aerospace Within (72) Inventor Yusaku Taniuchi 2-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Stock Ceremony Company IHI Aerospace Within F-term (reference) 4D011 AA16 AC03 4D037 AA01 AB18 BA23 BB01 CA04 4K021 AA01 BA02 BB04 CA10 CA11 DB02 DC01 DC03
Claims (4)
（２）で加圧して水電解スタック（３）へ供給し、該水
電解スタックで水の一部を水素ガスと酸素ガスに分解
し、水素ガス又は酸素ガスを含む水を水素／水分離器
（４）と酸素／水分離器（５）でそれぞれのガスと水に
分離し、それぞれのガスをそれぞれの貯蔵タンク（７，
８）に圧送し蓄圧する水電解設備において、前記水素／
水分離器内の水素ガスを含む水を減圧して内部に含有す
るガスを減圧除去する水素減圧除去装置（１２）と、減
圧除去した水を加圧して前記水容器に圧送する加圧圧送
ポンプ（１４）と、前記酸素／水分離器内の酸素ガスを
含む水を前記水ポンプで加圧した圧力水中に循環させる
水循環ポンプ（１６）と、を備えたことを特徴とする水
電解設備。1. Water in a water container (1) is pressurized by a water supply pump (2) and supplied to a water electrolysis stack (3), and a part of the water is converted into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by the water electrolysis stack. Water which is decomposed and contains hydrogen gas or oxygen gas is separated into each gas and water by the hydrogen / water separator (4) and the oxygen / water separator (5), and each gas is stored in each storage tank (7,
8) In a water electrolysis facility for sending pressure to and accumulating pressure,
A hydrogen decompression removal device (12) for decompressing water containing hydrogen gas in a water separator to remove gas contained therein under reduced pressure, and a pressurizing and pressure pump for pressurizing the water removed under decompression and sending it under pressure to the water container. (14), and a water circulation pump (16) for circulating water containing oxygen gas in the oxygen / water separator into pressurized water pressurized by the water pump (16).
が大気開放された大気開放タンク（１２ａ）と、前記水
素／水分離器（４）内の水素ガスを含む水を大気開放タ
ンク内に供給する水排出弁（１１）と、大気開放タンク
内で分離したガスを外部に排出するガス排気ライン（１
３）とからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の水
電解設備。2. The hydrogen decompression removal device (12) comprises an atmosphere open tank (12a) whose upper part is open to the atmosphere, and water containing hydrogen gas in the hydrogen / water separator (4) inside the atmosphere open tank. Water discharge valve (11) for supplying to the gas and a gas exhaust line (1) for discharging the gas separated in the atmosphere open tank to the outside.
3) The water electrolysis facility according to claim 1, characterized in that
位を検出する液面センサ（４ａ）を有し、該液面センサ
の検出水位に応じて、前記水排出弁（１１）を制御し
て、水素／水分離器内の水位を調節し、前記水素減圧除
去装置（１２）は、大気開放タンク（１２ａ）内の水位
を検出する液面センサ（１２ｂ）を有し、該液面センサ
の検出水位に応じて、前記加圧圧送ポンプ（１４）を制
御して、大気開放タンク内の水位を調節する、ことを特
徴とする請求項２に記載の水電解設備。3. The hydrogen / water separator (4) has a liquid level sensor (4a) for detecting an internal water level, and the water discharge valve (11) is responsive to the detected water level of the liquid level sensor. To control the water level in the hydrogen / water separator, and the hydrogen decompression removal device (12) has a liquid level sensor (12b) for detecting the water level in the atmosphere open tank (12a), The water electrolysis facility according to claim 2, wherein the pressurized pressure pump (14) is controlled according to the water level detected by the liquid level sensor to adjust the water level in the atmosphere open tank.
位を検出する液面センサ（５ａ）を有し、該液面センサ
の検出水位に応じて、前記水供給ポンプ（２）を制御
し、酸素／水分離器内の水位を調節する、ことを特徴と
する請求項１に記載の水電解設備。4. The oxygen / water separator (5) has a liquid level sensor (5a) for detecting an internal water level, and the water supply pump (2) is responsive to the detected water level of the liquid level sensor. And controlling the water level in the oxygen / water separator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001271175A JP2003073872A (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2001-09-07 | Water electrolysis facilities |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001271175A JP2003073872A (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2001-09-07 | Water electrolysis facilities |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003073872A true JP2003073872A (en) | 2003-03-12 |
Family
ID=19096715
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001271175A Pending JP2003073872A (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2001-09-07 | Water electrolysis facilities |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003073872A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006137961A (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-06-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | High pressure hydrogen production device |
| CN102828200A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-12-19 | 苏州竞立制氢设备有限公司 | Condensate recovery system of hydrogen production by water electrolysis and recovery method |
| CN111075612A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 华南理工大学 | Compact oxyhydrogen generator |
| JP2021070836A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-06 | 日立造船株式会社 | Water electrolysis apparatus |
| US11661663B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-05-30 | Hyundai Motor Company | Water electrolysis system |
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| JP2006137961A (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2006-06-01 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | High pressure hydrogen production device |
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| US11661663B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-05-30 | Hyundai Motor Company | Water electrolysis system |
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