JP2003003788A - Shield cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shield cutter having a simple structure capable of safely changing a bit within a short time. SOLUTION: The shield cutter having a cutter bit 12 for excavating a natural ground forward in the direction of the boring in a cutter base section such as a cutter face plate, a cutter spoke 3 or the like includes a foundation bit 4 for excavating the natural ground provided to the cutter base section 2, a coated bit 5 for the ground while protecting the foundation bit 4 mounted on the foundation bit 4 in a detachable manner and a bit removal device 6 for removing the coated bit 5 from the foundation bit 4 for changing the bit.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield cutter for excavating the ground at the front end of a shield machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since a cutter bit of a shield cutter wears during excavation, it must be replaced every time it wears. When excavating cohesive soil containing particularly hard ore, FIG.
As shown in Figure 7, the excavated soil 7
1 tends to adhere in large amounts, which may hinder the excavation of a shield machine (not shown).

There are various methods of exchanging the cutter bit 70, but in many cases, the worn cutter bit 70 is mechanically driven into the shield machine and is replaced with a new cutter bit (not shown).

[0004]

However, when the cutter bit 70 is replaced by such a method, earth pressure from the ground is received, so that the sliding portion and the driving portion are likely to be clogged with cutting soil and a large amount of power is required. There was a problem that it was necessary and the mechanism became complicated.

In some cases, the shield may have to be retracted and stopped before bit replacement in order to reduce clogging of earth and sand and the load on the drive unit, which is complicated and time-consuming.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a shield cutter having a simple mechanism capable of safely and safely exchanging bits in a short time.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a shield cutter provided with a cutter bit for excavating a ground ahead of the excavation direction in a cutter base portion such as a cutter face plate and a cutas pork, A basic bit for excavating the natural ground provided on the base of the cutter, a cover bit detachably provided on the basic bit for excavating the natural ground while protecting the basic bit, and the basic bit for exchanging the bit And a bit removing device for removing the coated bit.

The coated bit may be bonded to the base bit via a heat-meltable adhesive, and the bit removing device may include a heater for heating the adhesive.

The heater is preferably provided in the basic bit.

Further, the bit removing device may be composed of a hydraulic cylinder provided on the base bit or the cutter base to apply a force to the coated bit.

Further, the coated bit may be fastened to the base bit or the cutter base via a screw, and the bit removing device may be an actuator for rotating the screw.

The coated bit may be adhered to the base bit, and the bit removing device may be composed of a hydraulic chamber for applying hydraulic pressure to the inside of the coated bit.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 4, the shield cutter 1 is
The shield machine 11 is rotatably driven at the front end position, and the cutter bit 12 is rubbed against the ground to excavate.

As shown in FIG. 1, the cutter bit 12 is
It consists of a basic bit 4 provided on the cutter base 2, which is the cutter base 2, and a covered bit 5 which is detachably provided on the basic bit 4.

The basic bit 4 is composed of a bit main body 7 having a substantially rectangular cross section provided integrally with the Kattus pork 3, and two first cutting blades 8 formed at both corners on the tip side of the bit main body 7. Become.

The first cutting blades 8 are formed so as to face the forward rotation direction 13 or the reverse rotation direction 14 of the shield cutter 1, respectively. The first cutting blades 8 are formed so as to extend in the direction of rotation while extending in the direction of excavation, respectively.
The cutting edge is set up diagonally to the ground to be excavated.

The coated bit 5 is formed in a substantially V-shaped cross section so as to cover and protect the first cutting blade 8 with a substantially uniform thickness, and the base bit 4 has a heat-melting adhesive (see FIG. It is firmly bonded via (not shown).

The adhesive consists of a base bit 4 and a coated bit 5.
It consists of a metal with a lower melting point.

The coated bit 5 has a second cutting blade 9 having substantially the same shape as the first cutting blade 8 of the basic bit 4 at the tip sharpened in a V shape. The coated bit 5 is provided on the base bit 4 so that the second cutting blade 9 faces the same direction as the first cutting blade 8.

The shield cutter 1 has a basic bit 4
It has a bit removing device 6 for removing the covered bit 5 from and replacing the bit.

The bit removing device 6 includes a heater 1 for heating an adhesive that bonds the coated bit 5 and the base bit 4.
It consists of zero.

The heater 10 is integrally embedded in the bit main body portion 7 of the basic bit 4 and heats the adhesive together with the basic bit 4.

The heater 10 is turned on and off by a switch operation in the shield machine 11.

Next, the operation will be described.

When the shield machine 11 shown in FIG. 4 excavates, the basic bit 4 and the covered bit 5 rotate together with the Kattus pork 3.

At this time, the first cutting blade 8 of the basic bit 4
Does not touch the ground because it is covered with the coated bit 5 and protected as shown in FIG. 1, and the ground is cut by the second cutting blade 9 exposed forward of the first cutting blade 8 in the excavation direction. Excavate.

As shown in FIG. 2, when the second cutting blade 9 is worn, the heater 10 is energized to generate heat in order to replace the bit. The heat of the heater 10 is generated by the bit body 7 and the first
The adhesive is heated along the cutting blade 8.

The adhesive melts as the temperature rises,
Loses adhesion. The coated bit 5 is peeled off from the foundation bit 4 by the force received from the ground during cutting and is treated together with the excavated soil.

Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the basic bit 4
The first cutting blade 8 is exposed and the bit exchange is completed.
Since the first cutting blade 8 was covered with the covering bit 5, it was not worn at all, and the ground could be excavated well.

In this way, the shield cutter 1 is provided on the cutter base 2 and the basic bit 4 is provided for excavating the natural ground.
And a coated bit 5 which is detachably provided on the basic bit 4 to protect the basic bit 4 and excavates the natural ground, and a bit removing device 6 for removing the coated bit 5 from the basic bit 4 to replace the bit. Since it is configured as described above, the covered bit 5 can be easily removed by the bit removing device 6, and the bit can be replaced in a short time without retracting or stopping the shield machine. Bit exchange is safe because it is done outside the shield without human intervention.

Further, since the coated bit 5 is adhered to the basic bit 4 via a heat-melting adhesive, and the bit removing device 6 is composed of the heater 10 for heating the adhesive, a simple mechanism can easily be used. Bits can be exchanged. Further, since the mechanism is simple, high reliability can be obtained.

Since the heater 10 is provided in the basic bit 4, the adhesive can be efficiently heated with a simple structure.

Although the basic bit 4 is provided on the cutas pork 3, it is not limited to this and may be provided on another cutter base 2 such as a cutter face plate (not shown).

Although the adhesive is made of a metal having a low melting point, it may be made of another material such as synthetic resin as long as sufficient strength can be secured at room temperature.

Further, the adhesive may be formed of a metal material or the like which has a large difference in thermal expansion from the basic bit 4 or the coated bit 5 and is easily broken by the difference in thermal expansion.

The heater 10 may be embedded in the coated bit 5.

The covered bit 5 may be further provided with the covered bit 5 so that the bit can be exchanged in multiple stages.

In this case, it is advisable to provide a dedicated heater for each coated bit 5 so that the coated bits 5 in a plurality of stages do not fall off at once, and it is preferable to provide heat insulation for each stage.

Another embodiment will be described.

The shield cutter 20 shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by changing the bit removing device 6 of the shield cutter 1 and the adhesive.

The bit removing device 21 includes a hydraulic cylinder 22.
Consists of. The hydraulic cylinder 22 has expandable piston rods 24 at both ends of the cylinder portion 23, and the basic bit 2
The cylinder portion 23 is fixed in the casing 5 so that the piston rod 24 faces the coated bit 26.

The adhesive is not particularly heat-meltable and can firmly bond the coated bit 26 and the basic bit 25, and
The coated bit 26 and the base bit 25 are made of a metal material that is more easily broken.

By extending the hydraulic cylinder 22, a force in the peeling direction can be applied to the coated bit 26,
The coated bit 26 can be reliably pushed off the basic bit 25.

Since the hydraulic cylinder 20 having the piston rods 24 at both ends is used, the number of hydraulic cylinders to be installed is smaller than that of a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) having the piston rods 24 only at one end side. Hydraulic circuit 2 that can be cut in half and connected to a hydraulic cylinder
7 can also be simplified.

Although the bit removing device 21 is constituted by the hydraulic cylinder 22, the hydraulic pressure may be directly applied to the covering bit 28 to push it off the basic bit 29, as shown in FIG. In this case, the covered bit 28
It is preferable that a hydraulic chamber 46, which is a bit removing device 45, is formed between the base bit 29 and the basic bit 29, and a hydraulic passage 47 for supplying hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic chamber 46 is formed in the basic bit 29. The hydraulic chamber 46 has both surfaces 49a, 4a sandwiching the acute corner portion 48 so as to uniformly press the V-shaped back side of the coated bit 28.
9b is preferable.

Since no hydraulic cylinder is used, the device can be simplified.

Another embodiment will be described.

The shield cutter 30 shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by modifying the bit removing device 21, the basic bit 25, and the covered bit 26 of the shield cutter 20 described above.
The description of the same configuration as the above is omitted and the same reference numerals are given.

The first cutting blade 34 on the forward side of the basic bit 32
Are formed so as to protrude forward from the first cutting blade 33 on the reverse side by a predetermined height H in the excavation direction.

The coated bits 35 and 36 are formed in a substantially V-shaped cross-section so as to follow the shapes of the first cutting blades 33 and 34, respectively. The amount of protrusion to the front is different by the height H. At the V-pointed tips of the coated bits 35, 36,
The 2nd cutting blades 40 and 41 are formed, respectively.

In particular, the second cutting blade 40 on the reverse rotation side is formed so as to protrude more than the first cutting blade 34 on the forward rotation side. After removing the covering bit 36 on the forward rotation side, It hits the mountains.

The bit removing device 31 includes a hydraulic cylinder 37.
Consists of. The hydraulic cylinder 37 is composed of a cylinder portion 38 and a piston rod 39 which is provided at one end of the cylinder portion 38 so as to be capable of expanding and contracting. Hydraulic cylinder 37
Are provided on the Kattus pork 3 so as to correspond to the respective coated bits 35 and 36, and the corresponding coated bits 3 are obtained by extending the piston rod 39.
It is designed to push off 5, 36.

Next, the operation will be described.

When the shield cutter 30 is driven to rotate,
Forward rotation direction 4 so that the second cutting blade 41 on the forward rotation side precedes
Rotate to 2.

The second cutting blade 41 on the forward rotation side cuts the ground,
The second cutting blade 40 on the reverse side having a small protrusion amount runs idle without reaching the natural ground. Therefore, the second cutting blade 40 on the reverse rotation side is hardly worn. Further, since the covered bit 35 on the reverse side is separated from the natural ground, the load caused by friction of the coated bit 35 with the natural ground can be almost eliminated.

When the second cutting blade 41 on the normal rotation side is worn and the second cutting blade 40 on the reverse rotation side comes into contact with the ground, the rotation of the shield cutter 30 is stopped, and the coated bit 3 on the normal rotation side is stopped.
The hydraulic cylinder 37 corresponding to 6 is extended. As shown in FIG. 8, the coated bit 36 on the forward rotation side is the piston rod 3
It is pushed by 9 and peels off from the basic bit 32.

When the shield cutter 30 is rotated in the reverse rotation direction 43, the second cutting blade 40 on the reverse rotation side, which is hardly worn, replaces the second cutting blade 41 on the forward rotation side and starts excavating the natural ground.

At this time, the first cutting blade 34 on the forward rotation side does not come into contact with the ground, so that it is not worn or becomes a load.

When the second cutting blade 40 on the reverse rotation side is worn and the first cutting blade 34 on the normal rotation side comes into contact with the ground, as shown in FIG. 9, the covering bit 35 is removed by the same procedure. The shield cutter 30 is removed and rotated in the forward rotation direction 42.

Then, when the first cutting blade 33 on the reverse rotation side comes into contact, the shield cutter 30 is rotated reversely as shown in FIG.

The wear of the cutting blades 33, 40 on the reverse rotation side can be prevented during the forward rotation, and the cutting blades 34, 41 on the forward rotation side can be prevented during the reverse rotation.
Therefore, the durability of the coated bits 35, 36 and the base bit 32 can be improved because the wear of the coated bit 35, 36 and the base bit 32 is prevented.

Another embodiment will be described.

As shown in FIG. 11, the shield cutter 50
Means the above-mentioned covered bits 35 and 36 and the shield cutter 3
The bit removing device 31 of 0 is changed.
The description of the same configuration as the above is omitted and the same reference numerals are given.

The coated bits 52, 53 are fixed to the cutter base 2 side via bolts 54, and the bolts 54 are
It is adapted to be rotationally driven by an actuator 55 which is a bit removing device 51.

The actuator 55 is composed of a forward / reverse hydraulic motor, and the bolt 54 is provided integrally with the actuator 55.

The coated bits 52 and 53 have substantially the same shape and the like as the coated bits 35 and 36 described above, and the bolts 54.
The difference lies only in that it has a screw hole 56 for screwing the front end side thereof.

The screw holes 56 are formed substantially parallel to the joint surfaces 57, 58 of the coated bits 52, 53 and the base bit 32, and are rotated to rotate the coated bits 35, 36.
Is separated from or close to the cutter base 2.

Next, the operation will be described.

While excavating the natural ground, the covering bit 52,
Since 53 is screwed to the bolt 54 and firmly fixed to the foundation bit 4, it does not fall off due to the force from the natural ground and stably excavates the natural ground.

When the coated bit 53 on the forward rotation side is worn, the actuator 55 corresponding to the coated bit 53 is driven to rotate the bolt 54 in the direction to pull out the bolt 54 from the screw hole 56. Since the bolt 54 is provided on the cutter base 2 via the actuator 55, it does not move in the axial direction.

The coated bit 53 is separated from the cutter base 2 along the joint surface 58 and falls off from the bolt 54.

In this way, the covering bit 5 is attached to the cutter base 2.
2, 53 are fastened with bolts 54, and the bit removing device 5
Since 1 is composed of the actuator 55 that rotates the bolt 54, the covered bits 52 and 53 can be stably fixed to the base bit 32.

Although the bit removing device 51 is provided on the cutter base portion 2, it is not limited to this and may be provided on the basic bit 32.

Further, the bolt 54 does not necessarily have to be provided integrally with the actuator 55, but may be provided on the cutter base 2 or the base bit 32 so that the movement in the axial direction is restricted.

Another embodiment will be described.

As shown in FIG. 12, the shield cutter 60
Is composed of a roller cutter 61.

The roller cutter 61 has a cutter base 62 that is driven to rotate, a base bit 63 provided in a ring shape on the outer periphery of the cutter base 62, and a first cutting blade 64 on a first cutting blade 64 of the base bit 63. It comprises a covered bit 65 provided so as to cover and protect it, and a bit removing device 66 provided on the base bit 63 for removing the covered bit 65 from the base bit 63.

The coated bit 65 is bonded to the base bit 63 with a heat-meltable adhesive and has a second cutting blade 67 at the tip. The bit removing device 66 includes the heater 10.

Next, the operation will be described.

When the roller cutter 61 is driven to rotate, the second cutting blade 67 of the coated bit 65 excavates the natural ground. At this time, the first cutting blade 64 of the basic bit 63 is covered by the coated bit 6
Since it is covered with 5, it is not worn.

As shown in FIG. 13, when the second cutting blade 67 is worn, the heater 10 is heated to melt the adhesive.

As shown in FIG. 14, the coated bit 65 falls off from the foundation bit 63, and the foundation bit 63 which has not been worn starts to excavate the ground. During this time, the roller cutter 61
Since it is not necessary to stop the heater 10 and only the heater 10 is caused to generate heat, bit replacement can be performed easily and quickly.

[0084]

In summary, the present invention has the following excellent effects. (1) Bit exchange can be safely performed in a short time. (2) Bits can be exchanged with a simple mechanism.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a cutter bit showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a worn cutter bit.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the cutter bit with the covering bit removed.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a shield cutter.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a cutter bit showing another embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a side view of a cutter bit showing another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a side view of a cutter bit according to another embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a side view of the cutter bit from which the coated bit on the forward rotation side is removed.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the cutter bit with the cover bit on the reverse side removed.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a basic bit in which a cutting blade on a normal rotation side is worn.

FIG. 11 is a side view of a cutter bit showing another embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a front view of a roller cutter according to another embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a front view of a worn roller cutter.

FIG. 14 is a front view of the roller cutter with the covering bit removed.

FIG. 15 is a side view of FIG.

FIG. 16 is a side view of a conventional cutter bit.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 shield cutter 2 cutter base 3 cutter spokes 4 basic bits 5 covered bits 6-bit removal device 12 cutter bits

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Takashi Nakane             11-11 Kitahamacho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Ishikawajima Harima             Heavy industry Aichi factory F-term (reference) 2D054 AC01 BA02 BB05 BB06 BB07

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A shield bit in which a cutter base for excavating a ground ahead of the excavation direction is provided in a base of a cutter such as a cutter face plate or a cutas pork, and a basic bit for excavating the ground provided in the base of the cutter. And a coated bit that is detachably provided on the basic bit and excavates the ground while protecting the basic bit, and a bit removing device that removes the coated bit from the basic bit to replace the bit. Characteristic shield cutter. 2. The shield cutter according to claim 1, wherein the coated bit is adhered to the base bit via a heat-meltable adhesive, and the bit removing device comprises a heater for heating the adhesive. 3. The shield cutter according to claim 2, wherein the heater is provided in the base bit. 4. The shield cutter according to claim 1, wherein the bit removing device comprises a hydraulic cylinder provided on the base bit or the cutter base to apply a force to the coated bit. 5. The coated bit is fastened to the base bit or the cutter base with a screw, and the bit removing device comprises an actuator for rotating the screw.
The listed shield cutter. 6. The shield cutter according to claim 1, wherein the covered bit is adhered to the base bit, and the bit removing device comprises a hydraulic chamber for applying hydraulic pressure to the inside of the covered bit.