JP2002511637A - Method for modifying the optoelectronic properties of a polymer by adding or removing impurities from the film composition - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: The method of the present invention relates to modifying the properties of an organic film, more particularly, after the organic film has been deposited, by adding new components into the film from the top or bottom surface of the film, or It relates to modifying the properties of an organic film by removing components from the upper or lower surface of the film. Examples of these methods include applying a solution containing the desired dopant to the film surface, i.e., inkjet printing, screen printing, local droplet application, etc., to produce dopants that produce various emission colors in the organic film. The local introduction can change the emission color of the light-emitting diode based on the doped polymer. This allows the organic material to be sensitive to the chemistry typically utilized in conventional patterning techniques, thus providing a separate R, The difficulty associated with direct patterning of three separate layers in the G and B device regions is overcome. Alternatively, the dopant is introduced into the organic film by diffusing from one layer into the film. Alternatively, the dopant is selectively removed from the film with a solvent or the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using a light emitting organic material. More specifically, the present invention relates to the properties of an organic film after the organic film has been deposited, by (1) adding new components to the organic film from the upper or lower surface, and (2) removing components from the upper or lower surface. Related to changing.

[0002]

[Prior art]

In recent years, polymers and mixtures of polymers and organic molecules have been widely used to manufacture organic light emitting diodes and organic thin film transistors.

[0003] Generally, organic films are deposited in thin film form for electrical or optoelectronic applications by uniformly coating the surface by spin coating or other methods. The final organic film itself is not directly formed, and subsequent steps such as heating or exposure to ultraviolet light may deposit precursors that are converted to polymers (eg,
PPV). It is also known that the electrical and / or optical properties can be changed by adding various components to an organic film. These include components that change the conductivity of electrical carriers (eg, PBDs for electron transport) or dye centers that change the color of photoluminescence and electroluminescence (eg, coumarin 6 in PVK). These additional components are usually added to the original material before the final solid film is deposited. For example, combining these various groups into a polymer chain before the polymer is deposited by spin coating,
Alternatively, the polymer may be added to the solution containing the polymer as another polymer or as separate smaller molecules before the film is formed. In both cases, all the materials in the original solution will be part of the final film.

[0004] The goal of producing full color flat panel displays may be achieved by utilizing organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The difficulty with utilizing this technique is that current deposition techniques, such as spin coating and evaporation, deposit blanket films. This film is used to make monochromatic devices. Generally, the blanket film deposited is etched into a pattern, such as that done by photolithography followed by etching, to obtain separate phosphors of different colors adjacent to each other, such as red, green, and blue. Is required. Furthermore, this process needs to be repeated for multiple layers to obtain the full color of red, green and blue. Photoresist processes for etching organic films and lithography on organic films have proven to be a very difficult and expensive technique. Therefore, instead of producing a blanket film of a single color and etching and producing a blanket film of another color, a single blanket film is produced and later locally changes the properties of the film to emit light of another color. It is effective to do so. This eliminates the need for etching.

Another approach is to inkjet print localized areas, but a problem associated with inkjet printing is that the printed dots do not have a uniform thickness.

[0006] Thus, what has not been previously developed and is desired is to modify the properties of a film by introducing impurities into or removing impurities from the film after the film is formed, thereby changing the properties of the film. How to

[0007]

Object and Summary of the Invention

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an optoelectronic organic film with locally modified regions.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an organic film having various regions with altered optoelectronic properties.

Yet another object and advantage of the present invention is to form a modified organic film by applying a dopant where desired.

[0010] A further object and advantage of the present invention is to provide a method of forming an organic film with locally altered regions by adding impurities to or removing impurities from the film. That is.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for locally modifying the properties of an organic film without the need for photolithography and etching of the organic film.

[0012] It is a further object and advantage of the present invention to provide a method for producing a locally modified organic film by contacting the surface of the film with a solvent.

It is still an additional object of the present invention to provide a process for adding a dopant to an organic film by an annealing process to form a locally modified organic film.

It is a further additional object of the present invention to provide a process for transferring dopants from one layer to another.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a process for transferring dopants from one layer to another in a desired pattern.

[0016] The method of the present invention comprises the steps of adding a new component into the film from the upper or lower surface of the film after the organic film is deposited, or removing the component from the upper or lower surface of the film. Related to changing characteristics. An example of this method is a dopant that produces various colors of light emission by locally applying a solution containing the desired dopant to the film surface, i.e., by inkjet printing, screen printing, local droplet application. Can be cited as an example in which the emission color of a light-emitting diode based on a doped polymer is changed by locally introducing the compound into a film. This allows the organic material to be sensitive to the chemistry typically utilized in conventional patterning techniques, resulting in a separate R, The difficulty associated with direct patterning of forming three separate organic layers in the region of the G and B devices is overcome. Alternatively, the dopant is introduced into the organic film by diffusing from one layer to a localized region in the film, or by directly applying the dopant locally to the organic film. Alternatively, the dopant is selectively removed from the film with a solvent or the like.

Typically, all active ingredients are incorporated into the polymer when the polymer film is first formed, for example, by coating the ingredients on a surface by spin coating. In the present invention, the solid film may be contaminated by introducing a new type of component into the film later, either from the upper or lower surface of the film, or through the upper or lower surface of the film, especially in a patterned arrangement. Is removed, thereby altering the properties of the material after it is formed. In particular, this method involves localizing the photoluminescent and / or electroluminescent colors of the thin-film material, such as creating red, green and blue colored areas after the entire surface is coated with a thin film of the same material. If you are interested in changing it.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The goal of producing full color flat panel displays may be achieved by utilizing organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The difficulty with utilizing this technique is that current deposition techniques, such as spin coating and evaporation, deposit blanket films. This film is used to make monochromatic devices. In general, deposited blanket films can be etched into a pattern, such as that performed by photolithography followed by etching, to obtain separate phosphors of different colors adjacent to each other, such as red, green, and blue. Needed. Furthermore, this process needs to be repeated for multiple layers to obtain the full color of red, green and blue. Photoresist processes for etching organic films and lithography on organic films have proven to be a very difficult and expensive technique. Therefore, instead of producing a blanket film of a single color and etching and producing a blanket film of another color, a single blanket film is produced and later locally changes the properties of the film to emit light of another color. It is effective to do so. This eliminates the need for etching.

In a broad general sense, the present invention relates to the application of organic films, and more particularly to adding or removing components, ie, dopants, dies, etc., from a film to alter the local properties of the film. By modifying the local properties of the organic film. In particular, the present invention relates to modifying the optoelectronic properties of an organic film by adding or additionally removing impurities in a patterned manner after application of the film. More specifically, the present invention is directed to applying a solution containing the desired dopant to the film surface, i.e., by inkjet or screen printing, to locally introduce dopants that produce various emission colors into the organic film. Altering the emission color of light emitting diodes based on doped polymers. Alternatively, impurities contained in the film can be removed from the film in a desired pattern via various methods, such as by applying a solution, prior to application.

One way to achieve this effect is to use green, red and blue dyes with poly (
9-vinyl carbazole) (hole transport polymer PVK) is to locally color the spun-on film. This dye is dissolved in acetone or trichlorethylene (TCE) that does not dissolve PVK,
Patterned on top of the film. As shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, the dopant diffuses into the film and the solvent evaporates. In addition, the metal cathode is patterned on top of the locally colored areas, thereby achieving full color integration.

To demonstrate this technique, coumarin 6 (C6,
A droplet of (green dye) was placed on a spin-coated 1000 Angstrom thick PVK film using a pipette, and the solvent was allowed to evaporate for a predetermined time. FIG. 2A is a photograph of a droplet taken from above, where the organic film is irradiated by an ultraviolet lamp to excite the fluorescence emission of the film. Under UV light, these droplets showed a distinctly greenish yellow. As shown in FIG. 2b, these droplets also do not diffuse,
C6 remained on the surface and was placed on the glass where the solvent could evaporate. Under UV light they showed a distinctly reddish color. This is because the colored area shows greenish yellow when PVK is present, and the pigment shows red when PVK is not present, so that when the droplet is placed on the PVK film, some PVK Indicates an interaction. This interaction is the diffusion of the dye into the PVK.

To describe the above observations in a more quantitative way, photoluminescence spectra were measured. FIG. 3 shows the PL spectrum of pure PVK film (410 nm peak),
PL spectrum (peak at 490 nm) of PVK film locally colored by C6, PV
PL spectrum of mixed film where K is colored with C6 in solution (490nm peak)
1 shows a PL spectrum (580 nm peak) of a dye on glass. This result indicates that not only does the dye interact with PVK, but also the PL spectrum so that it closely matches the spectrum of a mixed film known to be available for manufacturing devices. Show evidence. Therefore, in the next step, an attempt is made to manufacture a device using this local coloring procedure.

FIG. 4 a shows the structure of the device, and FIG. 4 b shows the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the device and produced by dissolving PVK and C6 in chloroform, spinning the film and evaporating contact. 3 shows the EL spectrum of the mixing device.
PV dissolved in chloroform to produce locally colored devices
K is spin-coated on glass coated with indium tin oxide (ITO, transparent conductor). Next, a drop of C6 dissolved in acetone is dropped on the surface, and the sample is spun again. Finally, metal contacts are deposited on top of the colored areas. It can be seen that the EL spectrum of the locally colored device has a peak at 490 nm, similar to the mixed device. This therefore indicates that the dye not only interacts with PVK, but also so that a device with an EL spectrum similar to the mixed device can be manufactured.

In order to further investigate the phenomenon of local coloring, an experiment in which a pigment is removed from a mixed film colored in a solution will be described. Figures 5a and 5b show a schematic of this experiment. First, PVK and C6 are dissolved in chloroform. This solution is then spin-coated on the ITO covering the glass substrate, forming a 1000 Å film. When the film is observed under a UV lamp, it clearly shows a green color. Next, a drop of acetone is dropped on this surface. When this sample was irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp and the place where the acetone droplet was present was observed, that part of the sample was blue, and where the acetone was not present, the place of the sample was green. This indicates that the dye was removed from the mixed film, creating localized areas free of dye. Thus, two different colored LEDs are produced on a locally cleaned substrate.

FIG. 6 a is a schematic diagram of a device manufactured on a cleaned film. The film is prepared as described above, and a metal cathode is deposited on the cleaned and uncleaned areas. These cathodes are thermally evaporated and patterned with a shadow mask. 6b and 6c are images of the emission of the device from above. FIG. 6b shows the device emitting green light (indicated by the camera used in blue light) and FIG. 6c shows the blue light emission. This green device emits green because the metal cathode is deposited on the top of the colored film, and the blue device emits blue because the metal cathode is deposited on the top of the washed film. It emits light.

Thus, devices can be manufactured by locally coloring the PVK film or by locally cleaning the colored PVK film. Thus, the next step is to pattern the dye using an inkjet printer.
FIG. 7 shows a photograph of a piece of glass coated with ITO, on which a 1000 Å thick film of PVK has been spin-coated. Further Epson Stylus C
Pattern the C6 dissolved in acetone on top of the film using an olor 400 inkjet printer. Further, this sample is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. This result indicates that the dye can be patterned by an inkjet printer as spots with a diameter of 500 μm or less. The next step attempts to determine the final resolution of this technique.

This is an experiment to determine whether the diameter of a printed spot is affected by temperature. FIG. 8a shows an experiment of forming a 1000 angstrom PVK film spin-coated on a glass piece coated with ITO. This sample is further placed on a hot plate. Drops of C6 dissolved in acetone and C6 dissolved in TCE are dropped at different temperatures and in equal volumes on the PVK film. The spots at higher temperatures stayed in a smaller area and therefore showed smaller diameters. This is shown in the graph of FIG. 8b. This can potentially produce spots with dimensions less than 0.6 times. However, this data does not reveal the observed difference between using TCE and acetone.

FIG. 9 shows a photograph of a drop of the same volume dropped on a PVK film at a varied temperature, illuminated by an ultraviolet lamp. It can be seen that there is a bright yellow spot with more intense luminescence at TCE drops, at higher temperatures, less than 1/3 of the outer spot. This is because as the solvent dries, C6 remains in the solution, the last remaining being high density, small diameter spots. Examination of the sides of this spot using a surface profilometer shows that the dye is actually fixed to the surface. Thus, in order to benefit from this small diameter, the substrate must be further heated to allow the dye to thermally diffuse into the film.

In short, PVK can be colored locally by dissolving a dye in acetone or TCE and dropping it on the surface. A mixed film composed of PVK and C6 can remove C6 locally using acetone, and a device can be manufactured using this technique. At present, dye lines for inkjet printing are 500μm
It is formed with the following width. This width can be further reduced by printing with TCE on a heated substrate and can be 1/10 the diameter of a spot formed at room temperature. The substrate is heated again to thermally diffuse the dye into the film.

FIGS. 10 a to 10 c show the basic method of introducing film dopants from above onto a common substrate when manufacturing red, green and blue OLED devices. As shown in FIG. 10a, a uniform film of polymer 10 without the desired dopant
11 is formed on. Polymer film 10 contains other dopants. Figure
In 10b, dopant 12 has been deposited on the surface of polymer film 10 by evaporation, spin coating or other methods. In FIG. 10c, the dopant 12 has penetrated into the film 10 by diffusion or other methods by annealing or other processes. The solvent used to spin coat the surface with dopant 12 is dopant 12
Penetrate the polymer 10 and place it in the film without the need for the steps described in FIG. 10c. In this case, no solid dopant layer on the surface is needed.

FIGS. 11 a-11 c show the introduction of dopants into the film from the underside of the film. In FIG. 11a, a substrate 13 has a coating 14 disposed thereon. The coating 14 contains the desired dopant or is doped in the manner described in FIGS. 10a-10c (ie, polyanaline or a similar hole transport layer in an OLED).
. As shown in FIG. 11 b, a polymer film 15 is disposed over the coating 14. In FIG. 11c, the dopant has partially migrated from the coating layer 14 into the polymer layer 15 by annealing. Note that the solvent used to spin coat the top surface of the polymer "bleaches" the dopant from the underlayer without the need for the thermal cycle described in FIG.

FIGS. 12 a to 12 c show steps of a method for spatially modifying the properties of a polymer film. FIG. 12a shows the deposition of a polymer 16 on a substrate 17 in the same manner as discussed in connection with FIG. 10a. FIG. 12b shows a localized deposition method on the polymer surface 16 such as deposition by different shadow masks, screen printing using different screens or inkjet printing, and other printing processes utilizing different patterns for each dopant. 6 shows the creation of local regions of different dopants 18 and 19; FIG. 12c shows that the structure of FIG. 12b has been heat treated by annealing, and the dopants 18 and 19 have migrated into the polymer 16. As discussed in connection with FIGS. 10a-10c, the solvents used in screen or ink jet printing carry the dopants directly into the polymer, so the heat treatment step of FIG. 12c may not be required.

The use of C6 (green), C47 (blue), Nile Red (green) in an acetone solution applied separately to different areas of a single PVK film has been described, where the acetone solution is infused It is applied locally by a vessel or similar device. Acetone
Without removing the PVK film, after the acetone evaporates within a few seconds, the fluorescence emission color of the film is changed under UV excitation.

As shown in FIGS. 13a and 13b, photoluminescence (FIG. 13a) and electroluminescence (FIG. 13b) between pure PVK film and doped PVK are shown.

The dopant need not be a pure dopant and is deposited with other materials. Further processes (or just the deposition process itself) allow the dopants to migrate into the underlayer. Other materials are removed or removed themselves (evaporate) or remain on the backside as a separate layer, which is part of the final structure, doped or undoped.

The spatial variations of FIGS. 12 a-12 c apply the method described in connection with FIGS. 11 a-11 c, whereby the pattern of the dopant is reduced before the top polymer film is deposited. Will be introduced.

FIGS. 14 a-14 c show the steps of removing dopant from the polymer film to the underlayer. In FIG. 14a, a substrate 19 has a lower absorber film layer 20 deposited thereon. This absorber layer has a low chemical potential for the desired dopant. In FIG. 14 b, a doped polymer 21 has been deposited on the absorber layer 20. In FIG. 14c, an annealing or other cycle to move the dopant is applied. Instead of a heat treatment, a solvent is applied that penetrates (from the top) both the polymer layer 21 and the lower layer 20 and the dopant of the upper polymer layer is transferred into the lower layer 20.

FIGS. 15 a-15 c show the patterned addition of dopant from the top surface with an impermeable barrier. In FIG. 15a, an undoped polymer 23 is disposed on a substrate 22. In FIG. 15 b, a patterned, dopant-impermeable layer 24, 25, 26 has been formed on the top surface of the polymer 23. In FIG. 15c,
The surrounding dopant 27 has been heat-treated by annealing. Alternatively, the structure of FIG. 15b can be placed in a solvent containing the dopant.

FIGS. 16 a to 16 c illustrate different colored patterned OLEDs of the method described in FIG.
Application to the formation of As shown in FIG. 16a, an undoped polymer 30 has been deposited everywhere in the ITO layer 29 on the glass substrate. The ITO layer is patterned. Local red (31), green (32) and blue (33) regions are polymer
It is formed by doping 30 locally. These red, green and blue areas are formed by printing three different solutions on different areas by ink jet printing. In FIG. 16c, top surface contacts 34, 35, 36 have been formed in the red, green, and blue regions by conventional methods, such as evaporation with a shadow mask.
In the manufacture of OLEDs that apply color dopants by utilizing a concentrated solvent, any dopant present in the film (eg, PBDs for electron transport) may change from the original spin coat. Thus, some of this dopant needs to be added with the color dopant solution.

FIGS. 17 a to 17 d show the application of the method described in FIG. 12 to the formation of a passive matrix color OLED display. In FIG. 17 a, ITO lines 37 are formed in one direction on a glass substrate 38. In FIG. 17b, a uniform polymer film 39
Applied beyond the line. In FIG. 17c, red, green and blue doped polymers
40 have been formed on the ITO lines in the polymer film by the steps described in FIG. 16b. In FIG. 17d, the cathode line 41 is formed as an upper contact orthogonal to the lower contact line 37. Doping is required only in the region where the upper and lower contact lines intersect.

FIGS. 18 a-18 c show the patterned removal of dopant from the polymer film to the underlayer. In FIG. 18a, an absorber film 43 has been deposited on a substrate.
In FIG. 18b, an absorber film 43 is coated with a patterned or patterned impermeable layer 44. A doped polymer 45 is applied over the impermeable layer 44. FIG. 18c shows the effect of annealing or other treatment of the structure of FIG. 18b, where the dope migrates into the underlayer 43 where the migration of the dope is not hindered by the impervious barrier. Transfer of the dopant may also be achieved through the use of a solvent, as discussed in connection with FIG. 14c.

FIGS. 19 a and 19 b show removal of dopant from the top surface of an unpatterned film. In FIG. 19a, a doped film 47 has been deposited on a substrate 46, such as by spin coating the dopant in a solution. FIG. 19b illustrates a process for reducing the dopant in layer 47 by annealing the structure of FIG. 19a in some atmosphere or by cleaning with a solvent. Washing by applying a drop does not remove the dopant from the film, but moves the dopant to the edge of the drop location, with a small amount of dopant in the center of the drop.

FIGS. 20 a-20 c show the patterned removal of dopant from the top surface of the film. In FIG. 20a, a doped polymer film 49 has been deposited on a substrate. In FIG. 20 b, the patterned impermeable layer 50 has a doped polymer layer 49.
Has been applied above. In FIG. 20c, the structure of FIG. 20b is annealed to evaporate dopant from regions without barrier 50. This evaporation can also be achieved by washing with a solvent that removes the dopant in the region without the barrier 50, or by treating with a vapor of the solvent.

FIGS. 21 a to 21 d show the formation of an active matrix OLED display. In FIG. 21a, a glass substrate 51 includes a patterned insulator 52 and an electrode 53 formed thereon. The electrodes are connected to transistors (not shown) at the pixels. Figure
In 21b, an undoped organic layer 54 is deposited everywhere on the structure of FIG. 21a. In FIG. 21c, locally applied red (55), green (56), and blue (57) dopants are applied by inkjet printing. As shown in FIG. 21d, the top electrode 58 is applied without a pattern. The upper electrode 58 is a cathode made of, for example, aluminum: lithium or magnesium: silver.

The method disclosed in the present invention is not based on polymers, but can be applied to any organic film. Solvent methods cause problems for the base film of small organic molecules, but dopants are deposited by diffusion through heat treatment by other localized methods, such as vapor deposition with a mask or the like.

It must be further understood that “undoped” means that it is undoped by the added dopant, or that the added dopant has been removed.

Having described the details of the invention, it should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the invention. What is desired to be protected by Letters Patent is the subject matter of the appended claims.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIGS. 1a and 1b show the application of a dye on the top surface of a PVK film.

FIGS. 2a and 2b show pigments on a PVK film under an ultraviolet light source.

FIG. 3 is a plot of the photoluminescence of the materials used in FIGS. 1-2.

FIG. 4a is a diagram of the device, and FIG. 4b is a plot of the electroluminescence spectra of PVK and C6.

FIGS. 5a and 5b show local dye removal with acetone.

FIG. 6a is a view of the device, and FIGS. 6b and 6c are photographs of the device of FIG. 6a under an ultraviolet light source.

FIG. 7 is a photograph of a device manufactured by an inkjet printer under an ultraviolet light source.

FIG. 8A is a diagram showing an experiment for examining the effect of temperature on a device manufactured according to the present invention, and FIG. 8B is a diagram plotting the results.

FIG. 9 is a photograph of a device formed according to the present invention, taken with an increase in temperature, under an ultraviolet light source.

10a to 10c show the steps of introducing a dopant into the film from above.

FIGS. 11a to 11c show the steps of introducing a dopant into the film from below.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing steps for spatially changing the properties of a polymer film.

13a and 13b show spectra of PVK with PVK and C6.

FIGS. 14a to 14c show the steps of removing dopants from a polymer film in an underlayer.

FIGS. 15a to 15c are views showing steps of forming a pattern of an added dopant from the upper surface.

FIGS. 16a to 16c show the steps of manufacturing a patterned OLED.

FIGS. 17a to 17d show the steps of producing a passive matrix.

FIGS. 18a to 18c show the steps of removing dopants from a polymer film in an underlying layer in a pattern.

FIGS. 19a and 19b show the steps of removing dopant from the top surface of the film.

FIGS. 20a to 20c illustrate the steps of removing dopants from the top surface of the film in a pattern.

FIGS. 21a and 21b show steps for manufacturing an active matrix OLED display.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE ), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, SD, SL, SZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY , CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP , KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZW (72) Inventor Pushenitska, Florian 08540, NJ USA Princeton, Halsey Street 224A F-term (reference) 3K007 AB04 AB18 CA01 CB01 DA01 DB03 EB00 FA01 [Continued from abstract] Punts are selectively removed from the film together with solvents.

Claims (36)

[Claims] 1. A method of manufacturing an organic film for an organic light emitting diode, comprising a region having a changed property, comprising: providing a substrate; and coating an organic material on the substrate to form an organic film. And applying a dopant to a region of the organic film to modify properties of the organic film in a desired region. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dopant is applied by applying a droplet.
The method of claim 1. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said droplets are applied by inkjet printing. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the substrate is heated to reduce a size of the altered region. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said dopant is applied by screen printing. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said dopant modifies the light emitting properties of said organic film. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said dopant comprises a red, green, blue dye. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said dopants include coumarin and Nile Red. 9. A method for producing a locally modified organic film, comprising: providing a substrate; applying an organic coating having a dopant; and removing the dopant from regions of the coating. And a method consisting of 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said dopant is removed from said coating by applying a solvent to a surface of said coating. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said dopant is removed from said coating by annealing to transfer said dopant from said coating. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein a mask is patterned on said coating and said dopant is removed in a pattern prior to applying said solvent. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein before annealing, a mask is patterned on said coating and said dopant is removed in a pattern. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein said solvent is applied in a pattern to said coating and said dopant is removed in a pattern. 15. A method for producing a locally modified organic film, comprising: providing a first layer comprising a dopant; and providing a second organic layer on the first layer. Transferring the dopant from the first layer to the second organic layer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said dopant is transferred from said first layer to selected areas of said second organic layer. 17. A masking means is provided on the first layer before the second organic layer is provided, wherein the dopant is not masked from the first layer to the second organic layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method is transferred to an area. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first layer comprising the dopant is patterned on a substrate, and wherein the dopant is transferred to the second organic layer in a pattern of the first layer. The described method. 19. A method for manufacturing a locally modified organic film, comprising: providing a first material layer; applying a dopant to the first material layer in a pattern; Providing a second layer of material; transferring a dopant in a pattern from the first layer to the second layer;
Method consisting of. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the dopant is applied by applying a droplet. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein said droplets are applied by inkjet printing. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the substrate is heated to reduce the size of the altered region. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein said dopant is applied by screen printing. 24. The method of claim 19, wherein said dopant modifies the luminescent properties of said organic film. 25. The method of claim 2, wherein the dopant comprises a red, green, or blue dye.
4. The method according to 4. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein said dopants include coumarin and Nile Red. 27. The method of claim 19, wherein said dopant is transferred by annealing. 28. A method for locally altering the properties of an organic film for an OLED, the method comprising: providing a substrate; applying an organic coating on the substrate; and including a dopant or dopant on the organic coating. A method comprising: depositing a material; and moving the dopant into the organic coating. 29. The method, wherein the dopant is applied to the organic coating in a pattern.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the dopant migrates into the organic coating such that the dopant forms a pattern in the organic coating. 30. The method of claim 2, wherein the dopant is applied by application of a droplet.
9. The method according to 9. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein said droplets are applied by inkjet printing. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein said dopant is applied by patterning a powder on said organic coating. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein said dopant is applied in intimate contact with said organic coating by placing a patterned thin film containing said dopant. 34. The method of claim 29, wherein said dopant is transferred into said organic coating by heating. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the substrate is heated to reduce the size of the altered region. 36. A method for producing a locally modified organic film, comprising: providing an organic film; coating the organic film with a patterned barrier; and the organic film and the barrier. A method comprising, above, applying a dopant or a material consisting of a dopant, and transferring the dopant through the barrier to an exposed region of the organic film.