JP2002369306A - Electric brake device of electric rolling stock - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase an electric braking force in a middle and high speed range without hardly bringing about cost increase and weight increase of a vehicle. SOLUTION: A series body composed of a brake chopper device 9 and a brake resistor is connected in parallel with a filter capacitor 8. A chopper device 14 for resistance control is connected in parallel with the brake resistor 11. A breaker 5 for the time of the voltage rise of the filter capacitor is inserted between a breaker 4 and an input terminal on non-grounding side of an inverter device 6. A reverse flow preventive diode is inserted between the junction between the brake chopper device 9 and the brake resistor 11 and the junction between the breaker and the breaker 5 for the time of voltage rise of the filter capacitor. Then, this device is provided with a voltage detector 12, which detects the voltage across the filter capacitor 8, and a controller 13 which controls the turning-on and -off of the brake chopper device 9 and the chopper device 14 for resistance control, based on the detected voltage of the voltage detector 12 and the rotational speed signal from the speed sensor 17. Hereby, this increases the electric braking force in the intermediate and high speed range, by raising the voltage between the terminals of a motor to an aerial cable voltage or higher at regenerative braking.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric brake device for an inverter-type electric vehicle that converts a direct current supplied from an overhead line through a pantograph to an alternating current by an inverter device and drives a motor. The present invention relates to an electric brake device including:

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 3, an electric brake device having a brake resistor and a brake chopper device has a filter capacitor 8 connected in parallel between input terminals of an inverter.
A series body of a brake chopper device 9, a brake resistor 11, and a backflow prevention diode 10 connected in parallel to the filter capacitor 8, a voltage detector 12 for detecting a voltage across the filter capacitor 8, And a controller 13 for controlling the brake chopper device 9 based on the detected voltage. The electric brake device including the brake resistor and the brake chopper device allows the brake resistor 11 to consume surplus power that cannot be consumed by the electric vehicle during power running during the regenerative braking, thereby enabling stable brake control. .

[0003] In an inverter-type electric vehicle that converts a direct current supplied from an overhead wire through a pantograph into an alternating current by an inverter device and drives a motor of the electric vehicle, the output of the inverter device is designed based on powering performance. . In this design, the constant torque region of the motor is set in a low speed region that is considerably lower than the maximum speed, and in a middle to high speed region, it is a weak magnetic flux region. In the middle and high speed range, the output torque of the motor decreases as the speed increases, but it is said that it is sufficient if the motor has enough power to accelerate to some extent at the maximum speed.

[0004] Such a design method based on powering performance has been widely used before an electric brake was used as an economical design method for electric equipment. However, most conventional lines require a constant braking force from low speed to high speed, so it is impossible to cover all of them with an electric brake that is the reverse of power running. Relies on mechanical braking.

[0005] Incidentally, in an example of a railway electric vehicle provided with an inverter designed on the basis of the powering performance, as shown in FIG.
Up to 0 km / h, it is a constant 1260 Nm, but beyond this, it decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the speed, and the maximum speed of 130 km
At / h, it is 450 Nm. This is because the inverter voltage that has increased in proportion to the speed in the low-speed region reaches a maximum value limited by the overhead line voltage at a certain speed in the low-speed region, and thereafter does not increase even if the speed is increased. In FIG. 5, the maximum value reaches 1300 V at a speed of 55 km / h, and thereafter, the maximum value is maintained even in a middle to high speed range. Therefore, in the high-speed range, the braking force is insufficient as shown by the hatched portion, and the lack is compensated for by the mechanical brake.

However, a mechanical brake requires maintenance such as replacement of a brake lining. For this reason,
There was a problem that the maintenance cost of the mechanical brake was high.

For this reason, in order to reduce the load on the mechanical brake, it has been demanded that the output torque of the motor in a high-speed range is not reduced. In a conventional inverter-type electric vehicle in which the voltage between the terminals of the motor is limited to the overhead line voltage, there are two methods to meet the above demand.
One is a method of increasing the motor current, and the other is a method of increasing the ratio of the electric vehicle to the entire train organization.

[0008] However, the method of increasing the motor current involves an increase in the current capacity of electric equipment such as an inverter device and a motor, resulting in a significant cost increase. Further, the method of increasing the ratio of electric vehicles to the entire train set involves an increase in the number of electric devices such as inverter devices and motors, which also significantly increases costs.

In view of the above, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 200-200200 increases the voltage of the filter capacitor during braking to increase the motor torque.
Referring to the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 1-37004, FIG.
An electric brake device equipped with a brake resistor and a brake chopper device as described above, so that the current capacity and the number of electric devices such as an inverter device and a motor are not increased, and the output torque of the motor in a medium to high speed range is not reduced. This was realized.

That is, the electric brake device shown in FIG. 2 has a circuit breaker 5, a resistance control chopper device 14, a backflow prevention diode 15, and a voltage increasing resistor 16 added to the circuit shown in FIG. The apparatus 14 is configured to perform on / off control. In such a configuration,
During regenerative braking, the controller 13 sets the filter capacitor 8
The on / off control of the resistance control chopper device 14 is performed with the upper limit value of the voltage between both ends as a target value, the resistor 16 is made an equivalent variable resistor, and the voltage applied to the resistor 16 is controlled to a desired magnitude. As a result, the voltage across the filter capacitor 8 can be made higher than the overhead line voltage by the voltage borne by the resistor 16. Therefore, at the time of regenerative braking, the voltage between the terminals of the motor, which is the inverter voltage, can be made higher than the voltage limited by the overhead wire voltage, and the electric braking force in the middle and high speed range can be increased.

However, the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 2 requires a voltage increasing resistor 16 in addition to the brake resistor 11.
Therefore, there is a problem that the weight of the vehicle is increased by the addition of the voltage raising resistor 16.

[0012]

The first problem to be solved
The problem is that by using a simple circuit configuration without significant cost increase, the voltage between the terminals of the motor during regenerative braking can be increased to a voltage higher than the overhead line voltage, and the electric braking force in the medium to high speed range can be increased. is there. A second problem to be solved is to increase the electric braking force in a medium to high speed range without substantially increasing the cost and the weight of the vehicle.

[0013]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in an electric brake device having a brake resistor and a brake chopper device, a parallel circuit of a voltage increasing resistor and a resistance controlling chopper device is inserted in series with an inverter. The on / off control of the resistance control chopper device is performed while comparing the voltage between the terminals of the filter capacitor with a target value, and the resistance value of the voltage increasing resistor is varied, and the voltage at both ends is controlled to a desired value. I did it. The circuit is configured so that the brake resistor is also used as the voltage increasing resistor.

More specifically, the present invention relates to an electric vehicle in which DC supplied from an overhead line via a pantograph, a high-speed circuit breaker, and a circuit breaker is converted into AC by an inverter device and supplied to a motor. In the electric brake device of
A filter capacitor connected in parallel between the input terminals of the inverter, a series body of a brake chopper device and a brake resistor connected in parallel to the filter capacitor, a resistance control chopper device connected in parallel to the brake resistor, A filter capacitor voltage boost circuit breaker inserted between the circuit breaker and the non-ground side input terminal of the inverter device; a connection point of a series body of the brake chopper device and a brake resistor; A backflow prevention diode inserted between a connection point of the capacitor voltage step-up circuit breaker, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage across the filter capacitor, a speed sensor for detecting a rotation speed of the motor, A brake chopper device and the resistance control device based on a detection voltage of a brake and a rotation speed signal from the speed sensor. It is characterized in that the use chopper device is constituted by a controller for on-off control.

[0015]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, an AC output of an inverter device 6 is supplied to a motor 7 of an electric vehicle. An input terminal of the inverter device 6 that converts DC to AC is supplied with a DC overhead line voltage from the overhead line via the pantograph 1, the high-speed circuit breaker 2, the circuit breaker 3, and the circuit breaker 4.

The electric brake device includes a filter capacitor 8 connected between input terminals of an inverter device 6.
A series body of a brake chopper device 9 and a brake resistor 11 is connected in parallel to the filter capacitor 8.

A resistance control chopper device 14 is connected to the brake resistor 11 in parallel. Between the circuit breaker 4 and the non-ground side input terminal of the inverter device 6, a circuit breaker 5 at the time of boosting the filter capacitor voltage is inserted. A backflow prevention diode 15 is inserted between a connection point between the brake chopper device 9 and the brake resistor 11 and a connection point between the circuit breaker 4 and the circuit breaker 5 when the filter capacitor voltage is boosted.

Further, a voltage detector 12 for detecting a voltage between both ends of the filter capacitor 8 is provided in the electric brake of the electric vehicle.
A speed sensor 17 for detecting the rotation speed of the motor, and control for turning on and off the brake chopper device 9 and the resistance control chopper device 14 based on the detected voltage of the voltage detector 12 and the rotation speed signal from the speed sensor 17. Table 13
Is provided.

The electric brake device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention configured as described above shuts off when the voltage of the filter capacitor is raised during regenerative braking and when the voltage between the motor terminals is raised above the voltage limited by the overhead line voltage. The vessel 5 is opened. The controller 13 controls the flow rate of the resistance control chopper device 14 connected in parallel with the brake resistor 11 to make the brake resistor 11 equivalently a variable resistor. Thereby, the controller 13 compares the output voltage of the voltage detector 12 which constantly detects the voltage between the terminals of the filter capacitor 8 with the preset upper limit value of the voltage between the terminals of the filter capacitor 8, And speed sensor 17
The on / off control of the resistance control chopper device 14 is performed with reference to the rotation speed signal from the controller to control the flow rate.
As a result, the voltage across the filter capacitor 8 can be made higher than the voltage limited by the overhead wire voltage, and the motor voltage can be made higher than before. In the speed range where there is no need to increase the voltage between the motor terminals,
Also, during power running, the circuit breaker 5 is turned on when the filter capacitor voltage is raised, and operation is performed as usual. Thereby, the loss of the semiconductor element can be reduced.

By controlling as described above, the characteristics of the electric brake device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention can be improved as shown in an example in FIG. That is, in the present invention, the voltage between both ends of the filter capacitor 8 is set to the brake resistance 1.
The maximum value of the motor voltage was increased from 1300 V to 1560 V from the conventional 1300 V by setting the voltage to 2000 V higher than the overhead wire voltage by the operation of the resistance control chopper device 1 and the resistance control chopper device 14. Normally, the motor current is increased so as not to reduce the torque in a speed range where the motor terminal voltage is at a maximum value.However, since the motor terminal voltage can be increased from the value limited to the conventional overhead line voltage, The speed range in which the motor current is increased could be made higher. As a result, the motor torque in the middle to high speed range increased significantly as compared with the conventional art, as can be seen from the decrease in the mechanical brake burden, which is the hatched portion in FIG. That is, the load on the mechanical brake, which compensates for the shortage of the electric brake, can be reduced, and maintenance such as replacement of worn parts can be reduced.

When the voltage of the filter capacitor 8 rises even though the brake chopper device and the resistance control chopper device 14 are turned on, that is, there is no power running vehicle consuming regenerative power in the same electric domain. If the regeneration cannot be performed for the reason described above, the voltage across the filter capacitor 8 can be maintained at a constant value, for example, 2000 V by turning on the brake chopper device 9. The circuit breaker 5 at the time of boosting the filter capacitor voltage may be unnecessary if the circuit breaker 4 can be used instead.

[0022]

As described above, the electric brake device having the brake resistance and the brake chopper device according to the present invention can reliably increase the electric braking force in a medium to high speed range with only a slight increase in cost and weight compared to the conventional device. It has become possible to do. Therefore, in the electric brake device including the brake resistor and the brake chopper device according to the present invention, the load on the mechanical brake is reduced, and the maintenance cost such as replacement of the brake shoes is reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of an electric brake device including a brake resistor and a brake chopper device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of an electric brake device including a conventional brake resistor and a brake chopper device which is an improvement of the circuit of FIG. 3;

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of an electric brake device including a conventional brake resistor and a brake chopper device.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of an electric brake device including a brake resistor and a brake chopper device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of an electric brake device including a conventional brake resistor and a brake chopper device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Pantograph 2 High-speed circuit breaker 3, 4 Circuit breaker 5 Circuit breaker at filter capacitor voltage boost 6 Inverter device 7 Motor 8 Filter capacitor 9 Brake chopper device 10, 15 Backflow prevention diode 11 Brake resistor 12 Voltage detector 13 Controller 14 Resistance control Chopper device 16 Voltage rising resistor 17 Speed sensor

Claims (1)

[Claims] In an electric brake device for an electric vehicle, a direct current supplied from an overhead line via a pantograph, a high-speed circuit breaker, and a circuit breaker is converted into an alternating current by an inverter device and supplied to a motor. A filter capacitor connected in parallel to the filter capacitor, a series body of a brake chopper device and a brake resistor connected in parallel to the filter capacitor, a resistance control chopper device connected in parallel to the brake resistor, A filter capacitor voltage boost circuit breaker inserted between the non-ground side input terminal of the inverter device, a connection point between the brake chopper device and the brake resistor, and a connection between the circuit breaker and the filter capacitor voltage boost circuit breaker. A backflow prevention diode inserted between the filter capacitor and a point, and a voltage detector for detecting a voltage across the filter capacitor. An output unit, a speed sensor for detecting a rotation speed of the motor, a brake chopper device and the resistance control based on a detection voltage of the voltage detector and a detection voltage of the voltage detector based on a rotation speed signal from the speed sensor. An electric brake device for an electric vehicle, comprising: a controller that controls on / off of a chopper device for a vehicle.