JP2002357269A - Change gear of electric car - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a change gear of an electric car capable of accurately reflecting the will of a driver and changing the speed of an electric car irrespective of the battery condition. SOLUTION: The change gear of an electric car has a speed change structure 27 and an automatic speed change means automatically controlling and changing the speed change structure based on a speed change map is provided with a changeover switch 28 selecting either anuatomatic speed change or manual speed change to enable the manual speed change. The change gear of the electric car has also a car speed detector 16 and a throttle opening detector 24 to automatically and variably control the speed on the basis of the speed change map corresponding to the car speed and the throttle opening. Further, a shift up switch 29 and a shift down switch 30 for the manual speed change operation are provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a transmission for an electric vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in an electric vehicle such as an electric scooter, a two-speed automatic transmission mechanism is used. This conventional transmission is a transmission having a two-stage (or more) dog gear without using a clutch, and automatically connects and disconnects the dog gear with an actuator in accordance with a shift map to automatically change the dog gear in accordance with an operating state such as a vehicle speed. Shift gears.

[0003]

However, in the conventional electric vehicle, the shift position is automatically set according to the shift map, so that the driver's intention cannot be reflected in the shift timing. Further, depending on the state of charge of the battery, there is a case where the shift timing is delayed and the vehicle cannot travel at an accurate shift position.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned prior art, and has as its object to provide a transmission for an electric vehicle which can accurately reflect the driver's intention and can perform a shift operation without being affected by the state of charge of a battery. .

[0005]

According to the present invention, there is provided a transmission for an electric vehicle having a transmission mechanism and an automatic transmission means for automatically controlling the transmission mechanism based on a shift map. The present invention also provides a transmission for an electric vehicle, which is provided with a changeover switch for selecting one of an automatic shift and a manual shift to enable a manual shift operation.

According to this configuration, the driver can freely switch and select between the automatic transmission and the manual transmission at any time during the traveling, so that the transmission control that accurately reflects the driver's intention can be performed.

[0007] In a preferred configuration example, there is a vehicle speed detecting means and a throttle opening detecting means, and automatic shift control is performed based on a shift map corresponding to the vehicle speed and the throttle opening.

According to this configuration, the transmission mechanism is automatically controlled based on the transmission map corresponding to the vehicle speed and the throttle opening, so that the gear shifting operation can be performed without imposing a burden on a driver who is unfamiliar with the gear shifting operation.

A further preferred configuration is characterized in that a shift-up switch and a shift-down switch for manual shifting operation are provided.

According to this configuration, when the manual shift is selected, the shift position is switched from the lower gear to the higher gear by operating the upshift switch, and from the higher gear to the lower gear by operating the downshift switch. The shift position changes to the side. Thus, the shift timing can be manually changed according to the driver's intention. Further, the gear shifting operation can be performed at an appropriate timing regardless of the state of charge of the battery.

In a further preferred configuration example, when the manual shift is selected, the shift to the first speed position is automatically performed when the vehicle speed is zero.

According to this configuration, when the vehicle is stopped at a shift position other than the first speed at the time of manual selection, the vehicle always starts after returning to the first speed shift position. Therefore, it is possible to prevent wobble and insufficient acceleration at the time of start. it can.

In a further preferred configuration, the changeover switch, the shift-up switch and the shift-down switch are provided near the steering wheel.

According to this structure, the operation switch for manual shifting is mounted near the handle at the base of the grip or the like, which can facilitate the manual operation during driving, so that the shifting operation can be performed easily during traveling. it can.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external view of a small electric scooter to which the present invention is applied.

The electric scooter 1 is provided with a main frame 2 constituting a vehicle body, and a front fork 4 is provided through a head pipe 3 at a front portion thereof, and a front wheel 5 is mounted on the front fork 4. A swing arm 6 is swingably attached via a swing pivot 7 from the main frame 2 at the center of the vehicle body toward the rear. The swing arm 6 is integrated with a wheel motor unit 9 mounted on an axle 13 of the rear wheel 8 to form a drive unit 12. A wheel motor (not shown) and a transmission (not shown) serving as a power source for driving the vehicle are incorporated in the wheel motor unit 9. Wheel motor unit 9
Is connected to the lower end of the shock absorber 11 via the suspension pivot 10. The upper end of the shock absorber 11 is attached to the main frame 2 at the rear end of the vehicle body. Thereby, the rear wheel (drive wheel) 8 incorporating the wheel motor is swingably supported with respect to the main frame 2.

A shift operation switch 15 is provided at the base of the handle 14 for steering the front wheel 5 via the front fork 4. The shift operation switch 15 includes a shift changeover switch 28 (FIG. 2) for selecting one of a manual shift and a manual shift, and a shift-up switch 29 (FIG. 2) for shifting to a higher gear when the manual shift is selected. ) And a downshift switch 30 (FIG. 2) for shifting to a lower gear.

A vehicle speed sensor 16 is mounted on the axle of the front wheel 5. The battery 17 is located below the seat 19 in the center of the vehicle body.
Is stored. A vehicle controller 18 including a control circuit having a program for controlling a motor and a transmission is provided below the seat 19 at the rear of the vehicle body.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the electric vehicle according to the present invention. A vehicle speed sensor 16 is provided on the axle of the front wheel 5, a vehicle speed is displayed on a speedometer 20, and a vehicle speed signal is input to a vehicle controller 18. The vehicle controller 18 further includes a main switch 22 for turning on and off the motor 21 and various switches 2 such as a flasher and a horn.
3. The throttle 24 and the torque sensor 25 are connected. The switches 23 include a brake switch that is turned on when a brake is operated, a vehicle speed setting switch for setting a constant speed in the case of constant speed traveling control, and the like. The motor 21 is a wheel-in motor mounted in the hub of the rear wheel 8. The motor 21 is connected to a power module 26 including an inverter circuit for controlling output. The power module 26 includes the vehicle controller 1
8 may be incorporated.

The current signal of the motor 21 is input to the vehicle controller 18 via the power module 26. The motor 21 drives the vehicle via a transmission 27. The transmission 27 is automatically controlled by the vehicle controller 18 or manually controlled by the shift operation switch 15 (see FIG. 1). The shift operation switch 15 includes a shift switch 28, an upshift switch 29, and a downshift switch 30. The motor 21 is provided with an encoder 31 and the magnetic pole position signal is transmitted to the vehicle controller 18.
And the number of rotations of the motor is detected. Further, a motor temperature detection signal is input to the vehicle controller 18.

The vehicle is provided with a battery 32, which is discharged by an ON signal of the main switch 22 via a battery management controller 33 to drive the motor 21. The battery 32 can be charged by a vehicle-mounted or external charger 34. The battery 32 is provided with a cooling fan 35, which is controlled on / off by the vehicle controller 18.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the two-stage transmission.
(A) is a sectional view of the second speed gear, and (B) is an overall configuration diagram. The dog gear 37 is inserted into the second speed gear 38 by the actuator 36, and the speed is changed from the first speed to the second speed to drive at a high speed. The shift from the second gear to the first gear is performed by the actuator 3
By removing the dog gear 37 from the second speed gear 38 by 6, the rear wheel 8 is driven at a low speed via only the first speed gear 39.

FIG. 4 is a graph of a shift map. The horizontal axis shows the motor speed, and the vertical axis shows the throttle opening. Graph a
Indicates a shift from the second speed to the first speed, and a graph b indicates a shift from the first speed to the second speed. That is, the shift operation from the first speed to the second speed is automatically performed based on the map of graph b, and
The shift operation from the first speed to the first speed is automatically performed based on the map of the graph a.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the transmission of the electric vehicle. This example shows an example of shift control of the two-stage transmission mechanism of FIG.

Step S1: Shift changeover switch 28
It is determined whether the automatic transmission (FIG. 2) selects the automatic transmission or the manual transmission. Step S2: When the automatic shift is selected, the current gear position is determined. Step S3: Gear position is 1st speed (lower gear side shift position)
In the case of, the shift map at the first speed (graph b in FIG. 4) is checked, and the shift control is performed in the following steps S4 to S6 based on the shift map of the graph b.

Step S4: Based on the motor speed data and the throttle opening data, it is determined from the shift map whether the shift position suitable for the current operation state is the first speed position or the second speed position. If the current position is the first speed position, the speed change operation is not required, and the process exits the routine. Step S5: When the second speed position is indicated from the shift map, a shift instruction to the second speed is output.

Step S6: The gear shift operation is performed to the second speed position. This shift operation is performed by driving the actuator 36 to move the dog gear 37 to the second position as described with reference to FIG.
This is performed by inserting the gear into the speed gear 38. This allows
The first speed gear runs idle via a one-way gear, and the wheels are driven by the second speed gear. Step S7: The current gear position is 2 in step S2.
In the case of the high speed position (shift position on the high gear side), the shift map at the second speed (graph a in FIG. 4) is checked, and the shift control is performed in the following steps S8 to S10 based on the shift map of graph a. .

Step S8: Based on the motor speed data and the throttle opening data, it is determined from the shift map whether the shift position suitable for the current operation state is the first speed position or the second speed position. If the current position is the second speed position, the shift operation is not required, and the routine exits as it is.

Step S9: When the first speed position is indicated from the shift map, a shift command to the first speed is output. Step S10: The gear shift operation is performed to the first speed position. This shift operation is performed by driving the actuator 36 to shift the dog gear 37 to the second speed gear 38 as described with reference to FIG.
It is done by withdrawing from As a result, the second speed gear idles via the one-way gear, and the wheels are driven only by the first speed gear 39.

Step S11: If manual shift is selected in step S1, the current gear position is determined. Step S12: If the current gear position is the first speed position, it is determined whether the upshift switch 29 (FIG. 2) is on or off. If the shift-up switch is off, the driver does not intend to change the gear position to the second speed side, and thus exits the routine.

Step S13: If the upshift switch is on, a shift command for shifting to the second speed position is output. Step S14: The gear shift operation is performed to the second speed position. This shift operation is performed by driving the actuator 36 to shift the dog gear 37 to the second speed gear 38 as described with reference to FIG.
This is done by inserting As a result, the first speed gear runs idle via the one-way gear, and the wheels are driven by the second speed gear.

Step S15: When the current shift position is the second speed position, it is determined from the vehicle speed data whether the vehicle speed is 0, that is, whether the vehicle is stopped or running. Step S16: If the vehicle is running, it is determined whether the downshift switch is on or off. If the downshift switch is off, the driver does not intend to switch to 1st gear.
Exit the routine.

Step S17: When the vehicle is stopped and when the downshift switch is on, a shift shift command to the first speed is output. As a result, when the vehicle is stopped, the driver automatically shifts to the first speed without manually returning to the first speed, so that the starting operation is performed smoothly.

Step S18: The gear shift operation is performed to the first speed position. This shift operation is performed by driving the actuator 36 to pull out the dog gear 37 from the second speed gear 38 as described with reference to FIG. As a result, the second speed gear idles via the one-way gear, and the wheels are driven only by the first speed gear 39.

In the above embodiment, a two-speed transmission mechanism has been described, but the present invention is also applicable to a three-speed transmission mechanism or more. In this case, the shift-up switch and the shift-down switch are configured so as to sequentially shift to the high-speed side shift position by continuing to press the respective switches. Alternatively, a switch structure that can select each shift gear position may be used.

[0036]

As described above, according to the present invention, the driver can freely switch and select between automatic transmission and manual transmission at any time during traveling, so that transmission control that accurately reflects the driver's intention can be performed. Become. Further, the shift operation can be performed at a desired and accurate timing without being affected by the state of charge of the battery.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external view of an electric scooter according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle control device including a transmission according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a transmission mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a shift map.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the transmission according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Electric scooter, 2: Main frame, 3: Head pipe, 4: Front fork, 5: Front wheel, 6: Swing arm, 7: Swing pivot, 8: Rear wheel, 9: Wheel motor unit, 10: Suspension pivot, 1
1: Shock absorber, 12: Drive unit, 13:
Axle, 14: steering wheel, 15: shift operation switch, 1
6: vehicle speed sensor, 17: battery, 18: vehicle controller, 19: seat, 20: speedometer, 21: motor, 22: main switch, 23: switches, 2
4: throttle, 25: torque sensor, 26: power module, 27: transmission, 28: transmission changeover switch,
29: shift up switch, 30: shift down switch, 31: encoder, 32: battery, 33: battery management controller, 34: charger, 35: cooling fan, 36: actuator, 37: dog gear, 38:
2nd gear, 39: 1 gear.

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A transmission for an electric vehicle having a speed change mechanism and an automatic speed change means for automatically controlling the speed change mechanism based on a speed change map, wherein a changeover switch for selecting either automatic speed change or manual speed change is provided. A transmission for an electric vehicle, wherein a manual transmission operation is enabled. 2. The shift of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a vehicle speed detecting means and a throttle opening detecting means, wherein automatic shift control is performed based on a shift map corresponding to the vehicle speed and the throttle opening. apparatus. 3. The transmission for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a shift-up switch and a shift-down switch for a manual shift operation. 4. The transmission for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein when manual shift is selected, the shift to the first speed position is automatically performed when the vehicle speed is zero. 5. The transmission according to claim 3, wherein the changeover switch, the upshift switch, and the downshift switch are provided near a steering wheel.