JP2002350056A - Control unit for grain drier - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To suppress unevenness in water content of half-dried grain at a low level before being collected in a drying and conditioning facility in order to attain efficient drying and conditioning of the grain. SOLUTION: A grain drier is provided, in its grain circulating path, with a hot blast generator for drying grain, an exhausting fan for discharging moisture, which has resulted from the operation of the hot blast generator, outside the machine, a moisture meter for detecting water content of the grain, and a control unit for operating and controlling each of the devices. When a drying rate of the grain is selected to be reduced through a switch provided to the control unit, the moisture meter changes a set water-content value for stopping drying operation to a predetermined value.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a control device for a grain dryer for exposing a circulating grain to hot air for drying.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, treatment systems for processing grains harvested by a combine in a drying and conditioning facility have become widespread. However, if the harvest time is concentrated and the grains have high moisture, the quality of the grains deteriorates during the waiting time. Disadvantages such as occurrence of drying, a long drying time, and frequent rotation. Therefore, for example, in the case of paddy, the individual farmers once dry to about 18%, which is hardly deteriorated water (so-called semi-dry state), and then collect the paddy in a drying / adjustment facility, finish dry, and hulling In addition, there is an increasing trend in the form of selection.

However, the stop moisture is set at around 18%,
When the drying is performed by the same drying method as the normal 15% stop moisture, the variation of the moisture is large compared to the case of the 15% stop moisture, and when these are collected and finish-dried, the water is dried from high moisture to 15% stop moisture. As compared with the case where drying is performed, there is a possibility that a variation in moisture remains and the efficiency of drying / adjustment decreases, such as necessity of performing finish adjustment.

[0004] For this reason, when drying in a semi-dry state by individual drying before collecting at a drying / adjustment facility,
It has been desired to eliminate uneven water content of grains.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a conventional one.
By stopping at about 3% higher than the 5% stop moisture, the grain is dried slowly using the time generated by this moisture difference, and the variation in moisture of the semi-dry grain is reduced. It aims to improve the quality of the grain by suppressing the variation of the moisture of the finish drying by the drying / adjustment facility in the post-process. At the same time, it is intended to prevent a decrease in taste by drying the high moisture region at a low temperature.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hot air generator for drying the grains along the course of circulating the grains, and a method for removing moisture removed by the hot air generator. In a grain dryer provided with an exhaust fan that discharges outside the machine, a moisture meter that detects moisture in the grains, and a control device that controls the operation of each device, a switch provided in the control device is selected. The drying speed of the grain is changed to the reduction side, and the set moisture stop value for stopping the drying operation by the moisture meter is changed to a preset set value.

According to the present invention, when a switch provided in the control device is selected and operated, the drying speed, which is the amount of water loss per unit time during drying, is reduced to a normal drying speed (for example, 0. 1).
8% / hour) to a drying speed for semi-drying (for example, 0.5
% / Hour), and even if the stop moisture value for stopping the drying operation by the moisture meter is already set to the normal stop moisture value (for example, 15%), the preset semi-drying water value is used. The setting is automatically changed to the stop moisture value (for example, 18%).

When the means for changing the drying speed is a hot air generator, the temperature of the generated hot air is set to be lower by a predetermined amount than the normal hot air temperature set by the amount of water or moisture. Further, when the means for changing the drying speed is based on the exhaust fan, the drying air volume is set to a lower air volume side than the normal drying air volume set by the stuck amount or the moisture value.

[0009]

According to the present invention, the operation is simpler and immediately semi-dry as compared with the prior art in which each setting switch provided in the control device is operated to individually set the stop moisture value and the hot air temperature. Drying can be performed, and by performing drying slowly, variation in finish moisture can be reduced, and the quality of grains can be improved.

[0010] Further, by taking the above measures, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the grain surface and the occurrence of cracks in the body due to the rapid heating, and to prevent a decrease in taste.

[0011]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a grain dryer 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front sectional view. 3 is a block diagram of the control device, FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the control device, and FIGS. The comparison of each setting of a drying speed, a hot air temperature, and a drying air amount is shown.

The grain dryer 1 is provided with a storage chamber 2 for storing the inserted grains, and a hot air generated from a hot air generator 3 provided below the storage chamber 2 and partitioned by a perforated plate. A drying section 8 in which a hot air chamber 4 for ventilation, a drying flow path 5 for flowing down grains, and an exhaust air chamber 7 for sucking the hot air by an exhaust fan 6 are formed alternately. A constant-rate feeding device 9 for feeding and flowing down the grains of the drying unit 8; provided below the fixed-rate feeding device 9; collecting the fed kernels;
A lower transport device 11 for transporting the machine body forward 10; an elevator 13 connected to the lower transport device 11 and transporting the grains to an upper transport device 12 disposed on the upper surface of the storage chamber 2; The upper transporting device 12 is provided with a grain distribution device 14 provided at the end of the upper transporting device 12.
A moisture meter 17 for detecting the water content of the grains falling from a bucket 16 in the bucket 3 is provided, and a control device 19 for controlling the operation of each of the above devices is provided near the hot air generator 3.

The setting device 18 is provided on an extension of the grain collecting plate 21 for connecting the elevator 13 or the body side surface 20 and the lower conveying device 11, and is activated by a switch 22 provided in the control device 19. , Stopped. The hot air chamber 4 constituting the drying unit 8 is communicated with the hot air generating device 3 through a duct 23 or the like. The hot air generating device 3 includes a combustion unit 24, a blower fan 25 for blowing combustion air to the combustion unit 24, A case 27 that is joined to the combustion unit 24 and covers a blower fan motor 26 that drives a blower fan 25, a fuel pump 28 that supplies fuel to the burner unit 24, a fuel valve 29, and the blower fan based on a set hot air temperature. An air volume adjusting device 30 for controlling the number of rotations of the motor 26 is provided. Start, operation control, and stop are performed by a switch 22 provided.

An exhaust fan 6 is provided behind the drying unit 8.
The exhaust fan motor 32 that communicates with the exhaust chamber 7 through the duct 31 and drives the exhaust fan 6 is connected to the control device 1.
The rotation speed is variably controlled by an inverter 33 connected to the control unit 9 and the switch 22 provided in the control device 19 can be changed so that the amount of dry air becomes larger as the filling amount or the moisture value of the grain increases. ing.

The control device 19 is provided with a drying speed switch 40 capable of setting the amount of water loss of the grain per unit time, and can be arbitrarily set according to the type of the grain, the detected grain temperature, the initial moisture, and the like. (FIG. 5). In addition to the switch 22 provided in the control device 19, the measured moisture value of the grain to be dried by the moisture meter 17 is 18%.
The drying is automatically stopped when the temperature is changed, and the hot air temperature from the start of drying to the above-mentioned stopped moisture setting value (18%) is changed by a predetermined amount lower than normal drying to perform drying. Switch 41 is provided (FIG. 3).

Next, the operation of the grain dryer 1 having the above configuration will be described. When the setting switch of the control device 19 is activated and the grains are set from the setting device 18, the grains are deposited in the storage chamber 2 via the elevator 13, the upper transfer device 12, and the grain distribution device 14.

When the insertion is completed, the switch 2 of the control device 19
When the "semi-dry mode" switch 41 is pressed after adjusting the amount to which 2 has been inserted, the drying speed switch 40 is set from 0.8% / hour to 1.0% / hour in a normal drying mode. Drying rate is 0.5% / hour to 0.7%
/ Set every hour to start drying. (FIG. 5) The controller 19 sets the normal hot air temperature to, for example, 45 ° C. based on the setting change of the drying speed. When the “semi-dry mode” switch 41 is pressed, the hot air temperature becomes 35 ° C. It is set (FIG. 6), and the set stop moisture is set to 18%, and drying is started.

When the hot air temperature is set to gradually increase from 45.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. from the beginning of drying to the end of drying in the normal drying mode, when the "semi-dry mode" switch 41 is pressed,
The hot air temperature is set to gradually increase from 35 ° C. to 40 ° C., and the set stop moisture is set to 18%, and drying is started.

When drying is started, in addition to the fixed-rate feeding device 9, the respective conveying devices and the grain distribution device 14 are activated, and the storage room 2 is opened.
The grains therein are sequentially fed out to the drying unit 8, and are conveyed down the stream. When the kernels are dispensed, the fuel pump 28, the fuel valve 29, and the fan motor 26 of the hot air generator 3 rotate to maintain the hot air temperature set by the "semi-dry mode" switch 41 of the control device 19. The numbers are each controlled by the controller 19 to initiate combustion.

The hot air generated by the hot air generator 3 is mixed with the outside air passing through the opening of the hot air generator 3 by the exhaust fan 6 and enters the hot air chamber 4 to pass through the perforated plate forming the drying channel 5. After the water content of the grains is removed, the grains are discharged to the outside of the machine by the exhaust fan 6 via the exhaust chamber 7.

The moisture value of the grain dried while passing through the drying flow path 5 is measured by the moisture meter 17, and it is determined whether the grain is the set moisture stop value set by the “semi-dry mode” switch 41. Circulate in the machine until the value is reached and dried. Then, when the stop moisture set value is reached, the drying operation is automatically stopped, and a standby state for discharge is established.

In the above example, the stop moisture set value is set to 18
%, But is not limited to this. The controller 19 is operated by operating a plurality of switches 22 so that the stop moisture setting value for semi-drying can be arbitrarily set in advance in order to correspond to an area. (Omitted), the stop moisture set value is input and stored, and if there is no reset, the stored set value is used as the stop moisture set value for semi-drying.

In this manner, the single "semi-dry mode" can be operated without operating the various switches 22 of the control device 19.
By simply operating the switch 41, the moisture to be carried into the drying / adjustment facility in the area is automatically set, and when the operation is stopped, drying with less variation in moisture can be performed.

Further, since the temperature of the hot air is kept low from the initial stage of drying, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the grain surface and the occurrence of body cracks due to rapid heating, and to prevent the taste from being lowered by high-temperature drying at high moisture. The temperature of the hot air may be changed to the amount of dry air. In a normal drying mode, the amount of dry air set based on the amount of stuffing or the initial moisture value is 0.8% / hour to 1.0% / hour in terms of the drying speed. When the "half-dry mode" switch 41 is pressed when the air volume is equivalent to hourly, the stop moisture set value is 18%, and the air volume is changed from 0.5% / hour to 0.7% / hour in terms of the drying speed. In order to maintain the set air volume, the exhaust air fan motor 32 may be controlled in rotation by the control device 19 and the inverter 33 to start drying. (FIG. 6) In the embodiment, the control device 1
9 is provided with a "semi-dry mode" switch 41, but the switch 22 provided in the control device 19 is set to a predetermined position,
The setting and operation of the “semi-dry mode” may be enabled by the operation of the plurality of switches 22, and the presence or absence of the “semi-dry mode” switch 41 and the setting procedure are not limited.

Next, another embodiment for preventing a decrease in grain quality will be described. If the grain cut by the combine is left as it is in the container or the combine bag, the center of the grain layer becomes hot and humid due to its own heat and free water on the grain surface, and tends to be stuffy and rotten. For this reason, it is important for the quality maintenance of the grain to immediately aerate and dry the grain immediately after cutting.

However, frequent reciprocation between the field and the drying facility lowers the work efficiency. Therefore, it is usual for the driver to be in a standby state in the drying until a predetermined amount is loaded and to be ventilated by the driver. However, whether or not to ventilate is left to the driver, and depending on the temperature of the grains on the surface of the container, the vessel may be left as it is without ventilating. However, there was a case where troubles such as not driving occurred.

Conventionally, an example of driving the grain circulating device at the time of setting is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-51564, Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. H6-459.
No. 0 publications, however, aim at preventing clogging of the grain circulating device and preventing moisture unevenness at the time of stuffing, and do not attempt to prevent stuffiness due to an increase in grain temperature of the grain.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-201260 discloses a configuration in which a grain temperature sensor is provided in a storage chamber, and when a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature is detected by the grain temperature sensor, a cooling air generator is activated. The above example is a configuration for preventing quality deterioration during long-term storage after drying is completed.

This embodiment is to prevent quality deterioration due to rotting and rotting at the time of setting, and a means 50 for detecting the temperature of the input grain is provided in the grain dryer 1 so that the grain at the time of setting is provided. When the temperature is detected and the detected grain temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the fixed amount feeding device 9 and the exhaust fan 6 and / or the hot air generating device 3 are driven to perform hot air drying or ventilation drying after completion of the filling,
Alternatively, it is characterized by operating the means 42 for notifying the drive.

FIG. 7 shows the grain drying machine 1 provided with a grain temperature sensor 50 and an outside air temperature sensor 51 for detecting the grain temperature of the grains stuck in the storage chamber during and after the setting. 4 shows a control flow of the control device 19. When a predetermined time has elapsed after the start of the filling (S1), the controller 19 reads the outside air temperature and the grain temperature by the outside air temperature sensor 51 and the grain temperature sensor 50, respectively (S2), and sends the read grain temperature to the controller 19. The image is displayed by the provided display device 42 (S3).

Next, the temperature is compared with a preset reference grain temperature (S4).
2 displays an abnormally high grain temperature, displays an instruction to promote ventilation drying, and simultaneously generates a warning sound (S5). When the measured grain temperature is lower than the reference grain temperature and is higher than the outside air temperature by a predetermined value (S6), the display unit 42 displays a warning of the high grain temperature, displays an instruction to encourage hot air drying, and simultaneously sounds a warning sound. Is generated (S7).

When the measured grain temperature is equal to or less than the predetermined value with respect to the outside air temperature (S8), the display device 42 displays that the grain temperature does not cause any abnormality in the alteration of the grain and displays the temperature in the standby state. A message to the effect is displayed (S9). When the sensor for detecting the circulation of the grains provided in the elevator 13 or the like does not detect the flow of the grains, it is determined that the filling is completed (S10), and the ventilation drying or the hot-air drying is started, and the quantitative feeding device 9 is started. And the exhaust fan 6 and / or the hot air generator 3 are driven.

It is needless to say that the starting operation of the ventilation drying or the hot air drying may be started based on the driver's input. With this configuration, after the driver has sunk, the grain temperature is high, and despite the danger of rotting, ventilation drying is forgotten.
The fixed amount feeding device 9 is not driven, or the fixed amount feeding device 9
This has the effect of preventing problems such as the kernel not circulating, and the notification method differs for each grain temperature level, so that the driver can quickly recognize the state of the grain quality environment. This has the effect.

FIG. 8 shows a control method in a case where the grain temperature is low when exposed to low-temperature outside air for a long time in a field or the like.
In this case, as described above, there is no quality problem, but it takes a considerable time to raise the grain temperature necessary for performing moisture diffusion of the grain, and it takes a long time to dry it. Failure occurs.

The operation method of filling and drying in FIG. 8 solves such a problem, and the measured grain temperature at the time of filling or at the start of drying is less than a predetermined value with respect to a reference set temperature. At the time (S11), the display device 42 displays that the grain temperature of the grain is low (S12), and waits for a predetermined time or until the stuck kernel circulates a predetermined number of times or until the grain temperature reaches the predetermined grain temperature. And drying by exposing to a hot air temperature (A) which is set higher than a normal drying temperature.

[0036] In this manner, the surface of the grain is not deteriorated, and only the water content of the rice hulls can be removed in a short time. The effect that can be performed is produced. As shown in FIG. 9, the hot air temperature (A) is higher than the normal hot air temperature.
The drying may be performed when the measured grain temperature does not exceed a preset grain temperature with respect to the moisture of the stuck grain.

For example, the moisture content of the stuffed grain is 23%
When the measured grain temperature is 20 ° C. (a), drying at the hot air temperature (A) is performed, and when the measured grain temperature is 28 ° C. (b), drying at the hot air temperature (A) is performed. Is not carried out, but normal drying is carried out. By doing so, the grain temperature can be immediately raised within a range that does not damage the grains according to the moisture, and the effect of improving the overall drying speed can be obtained.

Next, a description will be given of another embodiment for reducing the variation in the water content of the grain. Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 6-4590 discloses a configuration in which the grains are mixed with the already-filled grains at the time of the second or subsequent filling, and the conventional example has a difference in moisture value in the storage chamber due to the mixing. There is a feature that a grain layer is not formed, but there is a disadvantage that it takes a long time to perform the filling because circulation is performed when the filling is performed.

This embodiment is intended to solve such a problem. When it is considered that the process from the filling to the end of the drying is the drying process, the time required for the entire drying process is reduced, and the unevenness of the water in the storage chamber is reduced. The purpose is to eliminate. In this embodiment, in the course of the circulation of the grains, there are provided an embedding means 18 for inserting the grains, a drying means 3 for drying the grains, a constant-rate feeding device 9 for circulating the grains, and a conveying means. In the operation control device 19 of the grain dryer 1, by selecting the switch 50 provided in the operation control device 19, the grain stuck by the sticking means 18 is converted into the drying means 3, the fixed amount feeding device 9, It is characterized in that it is configured to be mixed and circulated with the dried grains by driving the conveying means.

According to the above configuration, when the switch 50 (FIG. 10) provided in the operation control device 19 is operated, the grains in the storage chamber 2 are sequentially and fixedly fed by the fixed-quantity feeding device 9 and the conveying means. After being dried by the drying means 3, after being dried, it is mixed with the grains newly laid by the stuffing means 18 and transported to the storage chamber 2 again.

The mixed grains conveyed to the storage chamber 2 undergo a gradual transfer of moisture from the high moisture side to the low moisture side between the grains, and circulate slowly while alleviating moisture unevenness. Also,
In order to avoid rapid heating of the grain, it is preferable to gradually increase the temperature of the hot air as the filling amount increases.

When the loading is completed, normal drying is performed. At this time, the feeding amount of the fixed amount feeding device 9 is set to be larger than the feeding amount at the time of the loading. FIG. 11 shows the operating state of the drying means 3, the fixed-rate feeding device 9, and the transport means at the time of the above-mentioned inflation.

With this configuration, the drying process is not performed,
Moisture transfer due to the moisture difference between grains becomes remarkable compared to the case where only mixing with the previously pasted grain is performed, and even if it takes time to work by circulating embedding, the time is shortened in the entire drying process It has the effect of being able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a grain dryer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of a grain dryer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a control device diagram.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control device.

FIG. 5 shows a comparison of drying speed settings between normal drying and the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a comparison of hot air temperature and dry air flow settings for normal drying and the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a control flow according to another embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a control flow according to another embodiment.

9 is a relationship between a predetermined grain temperature value and a moisture value used in the determination of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a control device according to another embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a time chart according to another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grain dryer 2 Storage room 3 Hot air generator 4 Hot air chamber 5 Dry flow path 6 Exhaust air fan 7 Exhaust air chamber 8 Drying part 9 Quantitative feeding device 11 Lower transport device 12 Upper transport device 19 Control device 20 Brown rice trough 22 Switch 27 Inverter 40 Drying speed switch 41 Semi-dry mode switch

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A hot air generator for drying the grains along a path along which the grains are circulated, an exhaust fan for discharging moisture removed by the hot air generator to the outside of the machine, and a moisture for the grains. In the grain dryer equipped with a control device for controlling the operation of the respective devices, the selection of a switch provided in the control device, the drying speed of the grain is changed to a reduction side, A control device for a grain dryer, wherein a stop moisture set value for stopping a drying operation by the moisture meter is changed to a preset set value.