JP2002336615A - Filtration equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize filtration equipment which is hardly clogged even if materials to be removed are captured in a large amount. SOLUTION: The bag-like filtration equipment is provided with a segment where the cross-sectional area of a flow passage is minimized in about the middle thereof. As a result, the fluid flowing into the section where the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is minimal on the upstream thereof is thickened and the filtration treatment of the thickened fluid is performed on the downstream side of the section where the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is minimal. The inflow rate of the fluid to the downstream side of the section where the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is minimal is drastically reduced by thickening the fluid and therefore the good filtration treatment can be carried out even when filter media are clogged and the drastic decrease in the permeation flow rate is resulted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to a filtration device such as a strainer, a filter, a general filtration membrane, a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, etc., which uses a sieving as a separation mechanism.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When actually performing filtration, a module in which a filter medium is incorporated together with other members is often used instead of using the filter medium alone. If a filtration method using a sieving as a separation mechanism is roughly classified, it can be classified into a total filtration method shown in FIG. 1 and a cross flow method shown in FIG. In the figure, 1 is a filter medium, 2 is a substance to be removed, 3 is a flow of a feed liquid, 4 is a flow permeating the filter medium, 5 is a time (T) change in the thickness of a cake phase formed on the filter medium, and 6 is a filter medium. Is the time (T) change of the permeation flow rate passing through. Of these, in the total filtration method, all the components that pass through the filter medium in the feed liquid pass through the filter medium. There is a problem that the phases become phases and the permeation flow velocity is remarkably reduced. In the cross-flow method, the deposition of the substance to be removed on the film surface is reduced by the flow speed near the film surface, and a stable permeation flow speed can be obtained. On the other hand, there is a problem that a concentrated solution is always generated, so that a treatment of the concentrated solution is required, and a recovery rate of the permeated solution is lowered.

[0003] Among the filtration systems using sieving as a separation mechanism, a strainer is one which has a relatively large particle diameter permeating a filter medium. A strainer is a filter made of wire mesh that collects relatively large dust (substances to be removed) in a fluid. Refrigerant circuit,
It is used as a protection component for machinery that flows liquid, such as in a water supply circuit. Usually, the strainer is used for a long time without maintenance. In order to reduce the clogging of the strainer, measures have been taken to increase the surface area of the filter medium, such as by making the shape conical.However, since it is a total filtration method, if there are many substances to be removed in the liquid, filter medium A cake phase is easily formed on the surface, causing a significant reduction in the permeation flow rate. Therefore, there is a problem that the strainer can be used only when the concentration of the substance to be removed is sufficiently low.

[0004] In a filtration system using sieving as a separation mechanism, a general filtration membrane is mentioned as a familiar filter medium. A general filtration membrane is a filter medium that collects particles (substances to be removed) having a particle size of 5 μm or more. There are many familiar items such as a vessel (oil strainer) for filtering oil to remove scum and the like, and plankton nets. Among these, many are intended to collect many particles, and some have a large internal volume such as a conical shape or a bag shape. However, as in the case of the strainer, since the entire surface is filtered, there is a problem that when a large number of particles are collected, a cake phase is easily formed on the surface of the filter medium, causing a significant decrease in the permeation flow rate. For this reason, for example, in the case of a drain bag used in a kitchen, if garbage accumulates, there is a problem that drainage is greatly reduced, and the sink overflows with sewage containing garbage. there were.

[0005] In a filtration system using sieving as a separation mechanism, a microfiltration membrane is mentioned as a filter medium for removing solid fine particles (substance to be removed) which is smaller than general filtration. Microfiltration membrane is 0.02 μm to 5 μm
It is used to remove suspended solids, bacteria, ultra-fine particles, etc., in the food field, aseptic filtration of wine and beer, production of aseptic water, tea / sugar,
Filtration of oil, fruit juice, coffee, water, etc. in the chemical field,
Filtration of raw materials, industrial water, paints, adhesives, etc., in the plating field, filtration of wastewater, washing water, wastewater, plating, etc. It is used. As a module using a microfiltration membrane, a disk type,
Umbrella-type, pleated-type, tubular-type, and capillary-type modules have been developed, and cross-flow-type modules such as tubular-type and capillary-type modules have been developed. Has a problem caused by a total filtration system and a cross flow system.

[0006] In a filtration method using sieving as a separation mechanism, an ultrafiltration membrane is mentioned as a filter medium for removing particles (substances to be removed) smaller than a microfiltration membrane. The ultrafiltration membrane is from 0.002 μm
It is a filter medium that separates large molecules dissolved in a 0.1 μm solution, and contains proteins, enzymes, emulsions, bacteria,
It is used to remove viruses, ultrafine particles, etc., and is applied to the production of sterile water, separation of oil mixtures, paint recovery in the paint industry, clarification of fruit juice, and filtration of plasma. As a module using an ultrafiltration membrane, a cross flow system is generally used, and as described in paragraph 0002, there is a problem that a treatment of a concentrated solution is required.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Sentence paragraphs 0002-0
As described earlier in 006, a filtering device (a full filtration system or a cross-flow system) using a sieving as a separation mechanism has a problem due to the system. More specifically, the contents of the forward (text paragraphs 0002 to 0)
006) is repeated. However, when the concentration of solid particles is high in the total filtration method, the substance to be removed becomes clogged with the filter material or a cake phase, and the permeation flow rate is easily reduced. In the cross-flow method, clogging is unlikely to occur, but processing of the concentrated liquid is required, and there is a problem that the recovery rate of the permeated liquid is reduced.

An object of the present invention is to solve the problems caused by the filtration method of a filtration device using sieving as a separation mechanism. Specifically, the present invention is intended to filter a liquid having a high concentration of a substance to be removed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a filtration device that prevents or reduces a remarkable decrease in permeation flow rate even when a large amount of a substance to be removed is collected by performing such a process, and that does not cause a concentrated solution to leave a module.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtration device for filtering a fluid supplied from a supply port, comprising: a first filtration unit for concentrating the fluid by permeating the fluid; And a second filtration unit for filtering the concentrated fluid.

[0010] With this configuration, the fluid supplied from the supply port is filtered and concentrated in the first filtration unit, and then the concentrated fluid is filtered in the second filtration unit. In the first filtration unit, although the fluid component in the fluid permeates and decreases, the substance to be removed (such as solid particles) flows into the second filtration unit as it is concentrated in the fluid, and Almost no accumulation occurs in the filtration section. Therefore, a decrease in the permeation flow rate due to the filtration is small, and a stable permeation flow rate can be secured. Since the fluid flows into the second filtration section in a concentrated state, the flow rate of the fluid passing through the second filtration section becomes smaller than the flow rate of the fluid passing through the first filtration section, and thus the object to be removed in the fluid is removed. Even when the material accumulates and the permeation flow rate is reduced, the inflowing fluid can be processed. In this manner, the first filtration unit can be configured as a main permeation part of a fluid, and the second filtration unit can be configured as a main collection unit of a substance to be removed, and a fluid having a high concentration of the substance to be removed is filtered. Also in this case, it is possible to obtain a filtration device in which a decrease in the permeation flow rate is small and a trapped amount of the substance to be removed is large (that is, hard to clog).

[0011] A filter device according to a second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a substance to be removed in the fluid is not easily deposited when the fluid permeates the first filtration portion.

[0012] Since the substance to be removed in the fluid is difficult to deposit in the first filtration section, the decrease in the permeation flow rate is reduced.
In addition, as a measure for reducing the deposition, various measures such as increasing the flow velocity of the fluid passing through the filtration unit, eliminating the stagnation of the fluid, making the surface of the filtration unit more smooth, and treating the surface of the filtration unit with ions or the like are available. No.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering device, wherein the first filtering section is a cross-flow type filtering section.

[0014] The characteristics of this cross-flow filtration unit are as follows (as described in paragraph 0002 of the document).
Since it is possible to prevent the substance to be removed from adhering to the filtration unit and to concentrate the fluid, it is possible to obtain a first filtration unit suitable for the purpose of the filtration device according to the first and second aspects.

In the present specification, the term "cross-flow filtration unit" does not mean only a complete cross-flow filtration unit, but also includes a filtration element of a total filtration system in addition to the cross-flow filtration unit. (It does not include the filtration part of the complete filtration system).

For example, if the concentration of the permeated fluid in the second filtration unit is reduced due to clogging or the like and the concentrated fluid discharged from the first filtration unit cannot be processed by the second filtration unit alone, Depending on the configuration of the apparatus, the fluid that has not been completely processed may be subjected to overall filtration on the first filtration unit side. Even in such a state, the first filtration unit alone has not only a whole-surface filtration element but also a cross-flow filtration element, and is more effective than treating the fluid with the first filtration unit alone. Because of little clogging, such filtration is also broadly included in filtration by the cross-flow method.

[0017] The filtration device according to claim 4 of the present invention is characterized in that the second filtration unit is a filtration unit using a total filtration method.

As a feature of the filtration unit using the full-filtration method, as described in paragraph 0002, the substance to be removed is collected and does not flow out downstream of the filtration unit. A second filtration unit suitable for the purpose of the filtration device described in 3 can be obtained.

The filter device according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that the first filter section and the second filter section are adjacent to each other.

According to this configuration, there is no unnecessary space between the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit, and the size of the filtration device can be reduced.

The filtering device according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that the first filtering portion and the second filtering portion are integrated.

According to this configuration, the size of the filtering device can be reduced. Further, depending on the specifications of the filtration device (particularly, when the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit are formed of the same specification of the filter medium), the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit can be configured at the same time. In addition, the configuration of the filtration device can be simplified.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtering device comprising means for preventing a fluid from flowing from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion.

According to this configuration, when the fluid filtered and concentrated in the first filtration unit is sent to the second filtration unit and filtered, it is difficult for the fluid to flow backward. For this reason, the possibility that the first filtration unit is clogged by the concentrated fluid is reduced, and even when a fluid having a high concentration of the substance to be removed is filtered, a decrease in the permeation flow rate is further reduced, and the substance to be removed is reduced. Can be obtained.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtration device comprising means for preventing fluid from flowing from the second filtration unit to the first filtration unit between the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit. It is characterized by having.

According to this configuration, there is no need to add a new configuration to the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit, and the filtration device can be simplified.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a filtration device characterized in that a taper is provided on an upstream side of a means for preventing fluid from flowing from the second filtration part to the first filtration part.

[0028] With this configuration, the fluid concentrated in the first filtration unit can easily flow into the second filtration unit without causing stagnation, so that the substance to be removed hardly accumulates in the first filtration unit. It is possible to obtain a filtration device with a small decrease in the permeation flow rate.

A filter according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filter to the first filter is a pump.

With this configuration, the fluid concentrated in the first filtration unit can be forcibly sent to the second filtration unit. Further, even when the permeation flow rate of the second filtration unit is greatly reduced due to clogging or the like, the permeation flow rate of the concentrated liquid can be increased by increasing the pressure of the pump. Therefore,
The fluid concentrated in the first filtration unit can be surely filtered in the second filtration unit, and the filtration capacity of the entire filtration device can be increased.

[0031] The filter device according to claim 11 of the present invention is characterized in that the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filter portion to the first filter portion is a check valve.

According to this configuration, the direction in which the fluid flows is limited from the first filtration unit side to the second filtration unit side, so that the fluid does not flow backward. Further, since the configuration of the check valve is relatively simple, the configuration of the filtering device can be simplified, and the driving force required for a pump or the like is unnecessary.

[0033] The filter device according to claim 12 of the present invention is characterized in that the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filter portion to the first filter portion is a trap utilizing gravity.

With this configuration, although the installation direction of the filtration device is restricted, addition of members can be minimized, and the configuration of the filtration device can be simplified. In addition, a component having an operation such as a pump and a check valve is not required, and a highly reliable filtration device with little failure can be obtained.

[0035] According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the means for making the fluid hard to flow from the second filtering part to the first filtering part is a means for rectifying the fluid.

According to this configuration, the flow of the fluid is homogenized by the rectifying means, so that even in the case of a fluid having a turbulent flow, the turbulence is not easily transmitted to the other through the rectifying means, and the concentrated fluid is removed. Also, the risk of backflow from the second filtration unit to the first filtration unit is reduced.

The filter device according to claim 14 of the present invention is characterized in that the rectification means, which is a means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtration section to the first filtration section, is a porous body.

According to this configuration, since the porous body is relatively inexpensive and easy to shape, the configuration of the filtration device can be simplified. Specific examples of the porous body include various specifications such as a honeycomb, a foam, a sintered member, a nonwoven fabric, and a mesh.

In the specification of the porous body, the smaller the pore diameter of the porous body, the higher the rectifying effect and the size of the apparatus can be reduced. It is necessary to make it larger. Furthermore, it is necessary to have strength enough not to deteriorate in the fluid.

A fifteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtration part to the first filtration part is a pressure loss.

According to this configuration, since the pressure loss provided on the supply liquid flow path has a rectifying effect, the same effect as provided by the porous body can be obtained at low cost.

The filter device according to claim 16 of the present invention is characterized in that the magnitude of pressure loss, which is a means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtration unit to the first filtration unit, can be changed.

In this configuration, the higher the pressure loss, the higher the rectifying effect. Therefore, when the permeation flow rate in the second filtration section is sufficiently high, the permeation flow rate of the filtration device can be reduced by reducing the pressure loss. Increased filtration capacity is obtained. Also, when the permeation flow rate in the second filtration unit is reduced due to the influence of clogging or the like, by increasing the pressure loss, the fluid concentrated in the first filtration unit from the second filtration unit may flow backward. Therefore, the filtration capacity of the filtration device can be maintained for a long period of time.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the means for making the fluid less likely to flow from the second filtration part to the first filtration part is to provide an extremely small part in the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow path. Features.

In this configuration, the provision of the minimum portion in the cross-sectional area of the flow path causes the pressure loss of the flow path at the minimum portion, so that the same rectifying effect can be obtained when the pressure loss is provided.

The filtering device according to claim 18 of the present invention is characterized in that the means for providing the minimum portion in the cross-sectional area of the flow passage is an orifice.

By providing an orifice as a means for providing a minimum portion in the cross-sectional area of the flow passage, the cross-sectional area of the flow passage in the minimum portion is stabilized, so that a stable rectifying effect can be obtained.

The filter device according to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the means for providing the minimum portion in the cross-sectional area of the flow path has a portion in which the distance between the walls constituting the filter device is narrow. .

With this configuration, a rectifying effect can be obtained without adding a new member.

The filter device according to a twentieth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the means for providing the minimum portion in the cross-sectional area of the flow path is to join walls constituting the filter device.

According to this configuration, a minimal portion can be provided in the cross-sectional area of the flow channel only by joining the wall surfaces to each other.
The rectification effect can be obtained without adding a new member, and the rectification effect can be easily obtained at low cost.

[0052] The filtering device according to claim 21 of the present invention is characterized in that the wall surface constituting the filtering device is a filtering material.

According to this configuration, since the filtering device is composed of the filtering medium, there is no extra member, and the device can be configured at low cost.

A filter according to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the member that makes it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filter to the first filter has a funnel shape.

According to this configuration, when the fluid flows from the first filtering section to the second filtering section, the fluid flows through the taper of the funnel-shaped member, so that stagnation does not easily occur in the flow of the fluid. Further, since the member has a thin funnel shape, the space occupied by the member is small, and the size of the filtering device can be easily reduced.

A filter device according to a twenty-third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a means for preventing a fluid from flowing from the second filtration portion to the first filtration portion is detachable.

With this configuration, it is possible to remove the substance to be removed and the like deposited on the second filtration unit, and maintenance of the filtration device can be performed.

A filter device according to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a means for preventing a fluid from flowing from the second filtration portion to the first filtration portion is detachable from the first filtration portion.

With this configuration, it is possible to attach / detach a means that makes it difficult for the fluid to flow from the supply port side to the first filtration unit from the second filtration unit, and to remove substances to be removed accumulated in the second filtration unit. This facilitates maintenance of the filtration device.

[0060] The filtration device according to claim 25 of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtration unit to the first filtration unit are provided.

According to this configuration, when the permeation flow rate in the second filtration section is lower than the flow rate of the fluid concentrated in the first filtration section due to clogging or the like, the first filtration section and the second filtration section are connected to each other. Since the boundary between the second filtration unit and the second filtration unit on the upstream side is shifted to a unit that makes it difficult for the fluid to flow to the first filtration unit, the collection of the substances to be removed is performed without a significant decrease in the permeation flow rate. It is possible to obtain a filter device in which the amount is further increased (it becomes difficult to clog).

[0062] The filtration device according to claim 26 of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit is a fixed module.

The module in the present specification is
Add the filter media to the filtration unit configured with other members,
It is assumed that a filtration section composed of only a filter medium is added. Since the module has a fixed shape, it is easy to incorporate the filter medium into the filter device, and the assemblability of the filter device and the workability of replacing the filter material are improved.

A filtering device according to claim 27 of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit is a bag-shaped module.

Since the module has a bag shape,
In addition to being easily fixed to a basket or the like, it can be folded and discarded, thereby improving the assemblability of the filtering device and the workability of replacing the filter medium.

[0066] The filtration device according to claim 28 of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit is a belt-shaped module.

Since the module has a strip shape,
When the removal target substance is spread two-dimensionally, for example, when collecting a substance floating near the liquid level,
The use of the strip-shaped module enables a relatively small module to collect a wide range of substances to be removed.

[0069] The filtration device according to claim 29 of the present invention is characterized in that the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit are constituted by one bag-shaped module.

With this configuration, the filtering device can be simplified,
An inexpensive filtration device can be obtained.

[0070] The filtration device according to claim 30 of the present invention is characterized in that the first filtration section is a surface-collecting type filter medium.

According to this configuration, the accumulation of the substance to be removed in the first filtration section is limited to the surface of the filter medium which is easily removed by the flow velocity of the fluid passing near the filter medium. Since it can be suppressed, a stable permeation flow rate can be obtained in the first filtration section.

A filter device according to a thirty-first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the filter medium constituting the second filtration unit is a deep layer type filter medium.

According to this configuration, since large particles are collected on the surface layer of the filter medium and small particles are collected inside, the ability to retain the substance to be removed and the amount of collection are improved, and the permeation flow rate in the second filtration unit is improved. Can be reduced.

A filter device according to a thirty-second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the first filter part and the second filter part are formed of filter materials of the same specification.

According to this configuration, there is no need to use different filter media for the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit, and the configuration can be simplified.

A filter device according to a thirty-third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the first filter portion and the second filter portion is constituted by a plurality of layers of filter media.

According to this configuration, since the upstream filter medium collects large particles and the downstream filter medium collects small particles, the retention capacity of the particles to be removed and the collection amount are improved.
A decrease in the permeation flow rate of the filtration device can be reduced.

The filter device according to a thirty-fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a pre-filter is provided upstream of at least one of the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit.

According to this configuration, since relatively large particles are collected by the pre-filter, they do not accumulate on the surface of the filter medium, and a decrease in the permeation flow rate of the filter can be reduced.

[0080] The filtration device according to claim 35 of the present invention is characterized in that the second filtration unit is replaceable.

According to this configuration, by replacing the second filtration unit, the substance to be removed deposited on the filtration device can be removed, and the maintainability is improved.

The filtering device according to claim 36 of the present invention is characterized in that the first filtering unit is replaceable.

According to this configuration, the substance to be removed attached to the first filtration unit can be removed in the process of concentrating the fluid by replacing the first filtration unit, thereby improving maintainability.

A filtering device according to a thirty-seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the filtering device is provided with an outlet for discharging the substance to be removed accumulated in the second filtering part.

According to this configuration, since the substance to be removed that has accumulated in the second filtration unit can be discharged, the permeation flow rate can be recovered without replacing the filter medium.

[0086] The filtration device according to claim 38 of the present invention is characterized in that the flow path leading to the discharge port is provided with a taper.

According to this configuration, the substance to be removed deposited on the second filtration unit is easily collected near the discharge port due to the taper, so that the substance to be removed is easily discharged.

[0088] The filter device according to claim 39 of the present invention is characterized in that the substance to be removed deposited on the filter medium is removed by physical means.

Since the substance to be removed attached to the filter medium is mainly attached by physical force, it can be removed by applying an appropriate physical force, and thus the filter medium can be regenerated. I can do it.

Various measures may be taken to remove the substance to be removed attached to the filter medium, such as applying vibration to the filter medium, stirring the fluid, scraping off the substance to be removed, and backwashing the filter medium with a permeated fluid. It is possible to apply.

[0091] The filtration device according to claim 40 of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises means for opening and closing a flow path connecting the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit.

According to this configuration, it is possible to obtain a filtering device capable of continuously performing a filtering process even when the second filtering portion is clogged by a substance to be removed or the like. The following shows an example of the cycle, and continuous filtration can be performed by repeating →→→.
During normal filtration, the fluid is filtered and concentrated in the first filtration unit by opening the flow path. The concentrated fluid is supplied to a second filtration unit and subjected to a filtration process. When the substance to be removed accumulates and the permeation flow rate on the second filtration unit side is significantly reduced, the substance to be removed in the fluid is completely filtered and deposited by the first filtration unit by closing the flow path. . During this time, the substance to be removed deposited on the second filtration unit is removed. After removing the substance to be removed deposited in the second filtration unit, the flow path is opened again, whereby the substance to be removed deposited in the first filtration unit is flowed by the fluid, and the substance to be removed is concentrated in the first state. It is supplied to the second filtration unit and is filtered.

The filtering device according to claim 41 of the present invention is characterized in that the fluid to be filtered by the filtering device is a liquid. Since liquid has a higher specific gravity and higher kinetic energy due to flow than gas, the ability of the fluid to flow the substance to be removed is high. When the fluid (liquid) is concentrated in the first filtration unit, the first filtration is performed. There is little accumulation of the substance to be removed in the part, and clogging hardly occurs.

The filtering device according to claim 42 of the present invention is characterized in that the fluid to be filtered by the filtering device is a gas. Even when gas is filtered by the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 40, when the substance to be removed is small particles floating in the gas (or easily blown off), the gas flow. Since the substance to be removed can be sufficiently moved even with the kinetic energy associated with the above, when the fluid (gas) is concentrated in the first filtration section, the accumulation of the substance to be removed in the first filtration section is small and clogging does not easily occur.

[0095] The filtration device according to claim 43 of the present invention is characterized in that the filter medium is a general filtration membrane.

By using a general filtration membrane as a filter medium for the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 42, the existing filtration device (described in paragraph 0004) using the full-surface filtration method is immediately clogged. Even in the case of filtering a liquid having a high concentration of the substance to be removed, it is possible to obtain a filtering device which is hardly clogged and has a sufficient permeation flow rate.

[0097] The filter device according to claim 44 of the present invention is characterized in that the filter medium is a microfiltration membrane.

By using a microfiltration membrane as a filter medium for the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 42, the existing filtration device (described in paragraph 0005) utilizing the full-scale filtration method is immediately clogged. Even when filtering a liquid having a high concentration of the substance to be removed, it is difficult to clog,
A filtration device having a sufficient permeation flow rate can be obtained. Furthermore, since the concentrated liquid generated during the filtration by the cross-flow method is subjected to the filtration treatment in the entire filtration unit, the filtration device of the conventional cross-flow method (described in paragraph 0005) using a microfiltration membrane is used. The necessity for the treatment of the concentrated liquid which has been required becomes unnecessary.

[0099] The filtration device according to claim 45 of the present invention is characterized in that the filter medium is an ultrafiltration membrane.

An ultrafiltration membrane is used as a filter medium for the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 42, so that an existing filtration device utilizing a cross-flow method can be used.
A filter device which does not require the treatment of the concentrated liquid, which was required in the above description, can be obtained.

The filtering device according to claim 46 of the present invention is characterized in that the filtering device is a strainer.

With this configuration, it is possible to obtain a strainer in which the permeation flow rate of the fluid is less likely to be reduced (clogged) even when a large amount of the substance to be removed is collected as compared with the existing strainer (described in paragraph 0003 of document). Therefore, not only maintenance such as replacement of a strainer can be reduced, but also it can be used for filtration of a fluid having a high concentration of a substance to be removed, which was conventionally difficult to use because of clogging.

A mechanical device according to claim 47 of the present invention is characterized in that the filtering device according to any one of claims 1 to 46 is provided in a fluid system.

According to this configuration, since there is little decrease in permeation flow rate (or increase in pressure loss) of the filtration device due to collection of the substance to be removed in the fluid system, a machine having a highly reliable fluid system with little clogging is provided. You can get the device.

[0105] A mechanical device according to claim 48 of the present invention is characterized in that the fluid system provided with the filtering device according to claims 1 to 46 is a refrigerant circuit.

Examples of a mechanical device having a refrigerant circuit as a fluid system include an air conditioner such as an air conditioner and a dehumidifier, and a refrigerator such as a refrigerator. In the case of a mechanical device having such a refrigerant circuit, a strainer (filtration device) is provided to prevent clogging of the refrigerant by expansion means due to contamination or sludge, and to prevent dust from being caught in the compressor. It is installed on a circuit to collect substances to be removed such as contamination and sludge.

According to the forty-eighth aspect of the present invention, even if the concentration of the substance to be removed in the refrigerant is high due to various factors such as poor construction or the like, the permeation flow rate of the filtration device is reduced (or the permeation flow rate of the filtration device is reduced due to the collection of the substance to be removed). , Increase in pressure loss) is reduced (clogging is less likely to occur). Further, since the filtering device is unlikely to be clogged, the filtering device can be made smaller than existing products, so that the filtering device and the fixing portion of the filtering device can be made smaller, and the cost of the mechanical device can be reduced. Furthermore, since the filtering device is unlikely to cause clogging, the range of the substance to be removed can be expanded to smaller particle components. For the above reasons, the reliability product of the mechanical device whose fluid system is the refrigerant circuit can be improved, and the cost can be reduced.

[0108] A mechanical device according to claim 49 of the present invention is characterized in that the fluid system provided with the filter device according to any one of claims 1 to 46 is a hydraulic device.

A hydraulic device is a device in which a plurality of cylinders (containing a piston inside the cylinder) containing liquid are connected by pipes, and the direction and magnitude of force can be changed between the pistons of the cylinders. It has the feature of. Specific applications of hydraulic devices include hydraulic brakes (used in vehicles, etc.), hydraulic lifts (used in elevators and multi-story parking lots, etc.), (lifts, cranes, machine tools, excavators and fire There are a wide variety of products such as hydraulic pistons (used in aerial work vehicles) and power steering (used in vehicles).

In this hydraulic device, in order to remove abrasion powder (hereinafter referred to as a substance to be removed) due to the movement of the piston in the cylinder and to protect the hydraulic device, a strainer (a filtration device) is provided on a pipe or the like connecting the cylinders. ).

According to the forty-ninth aspect, even under the condition that the concentration of the substance to be removed in the hydraulic system is high, the reduction in the permeation flow rate (or the increase in pressure loss) of the filtration device accompanying the collection of the substance to be removed is prevented. Less (less likely to cause clogging). Further, in the existing strainer, there is a possibility that the removed substance collected may be detached from the strainer due to a change in the flow direction of the liquid.
According to the structure of claim 49, the substance to be removed is mainly collected by the second filtration device. However, since the collected substance to be removed has a configuration that does not easily come out of the second filtration unit, it is collected. It is possible to obtain a highly reliable hydraulic device with less risk of the removed substance to be removed drifting in the hydraulic device.

A mechanical device according to claim 50 of the present invention is characterized in that the fluid system provided with the filtering device according to claims 1 to 46 is a fuel system.

[0113] The fuel system refers to a power machine using combustion of a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, or the like, or a system for sending fuel to a combustor. These fuel systems have strainers (filtration devices) to protect the motive power and the combustor. However, if the strainer is clogged by a substance to be removed in the fuel, the fuel becomes difficult to flow and the motive power or the combustion There was a risk that the machine would not operate normally.

According to the structure of the fiftieth aspect, even under the condition that the concentration of the substance to be removed in the fuel is high, a decrease in the permeation flow rate (or an increase in pressure loss) of the filtration device accompanying the collection of the substance to be removed is small. (Less likely to cause clogging). Also,
Since the filtering device is unlikely to be clogged, the filtering device can be made smaller than existing products. Therefore, the size of the filtering device and the fixing portion of the filtering device can be reduced, and the cost of the mechanical device can be reduced.
Furthermore, since the filtration device is unlikely to cause clogging,
The range of substances to be removed can be extended to smaller particle components. For the above reasons, it is possible to improve the reliability product of the mechanical device in which the fluid system is the fuel system and also reduce the cost.

[0115] A cleaning apparatus according to claim 51 of the present invention is provided with the filtering apparatus according to claims 1 to 46.

[0116] Among the washing devices, there is a device such as a washing machine for washing while filtering the washing liquid. With this configuration, even when the washing solution is filtered, the filtering device is hardly clogged and trapped. The trouble of throwing away the collection can be reduced.

An impurity removing device according to a fifty-second aspect of the present invention is provided with the filtering device according to the first to sixth aspects.

The impurity removing device referred to here is a device for filtering out impurities in a fluid.
Examples include an oil strainer for filtering oil and a water purifier.

[0119] These impurity removing devices use a full-filtration method, and thus have a problem that the filtering device is easily clogged. However, this configuration makes it difficult for the filtering device to be clogged. A permeation flow rate can be secured. Furthermore, since it is difficult to be clogged, it is possible to reduce the trouble such as discarding the collected matter.

The drain according to claim 53 of the present invention is characterized by including the filtering device according to claims 1-46.

In some cases, a filtration device (such as a drain bag) is provided at a drain port such as a drain port in order to prevent a substance to be removed (such as garbage) from being discharged. There is a problem that the filter is easily clogged, but this configuration makes it difficult for the filter to be clogged, so that a stable permeation flow rate can be always obtained, and maintenance such as removal of trapped matters can be reduced.

The fluid suction part according to claim 54 of the present invention is characterized in that:
A filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46 is provided.

With this configuration, since the filtration device is unlikely to be clogged, a stable permeation flow rate can be always obtained, and maintenance such as removal of trapped substances can be reduced.

The fluid transporting unit according to claim 55 of the present invention comprises:
A filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46 is provided.

The fluid transport section has a function of moving a fluid, such as a pump (for supplying water). With this configuration, since the filtration device is not easily clogged, a stable permeation flow rate is always obtained,
Maintenance such as removal of collected matter can be reduced. Furthermore,
Since the substance to be removed is removed by the filtration device, the substance to be removed is less likely to flow into the fluid transport unit, and it is also less likely to cause problems such as clogging.

According to a fifty-sixth aspect of the present invention, a fluid outlet is provided with the filtering device according to the first to sixth aspects.

[0127] The fluid outlet refers to a portion from which the fluid flows, and examples of familiar examples include a water tap and a shower head. According to this configuration, since the filtering device is unlikely to be clogged, the possibility that fluid does not flow out of the fluid outlet due to clogging can be reduced.

A dust collecting apparatus according to a fifty-seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized by including the filtering device according to the first to sixth aspects.

According to this configuration, the filtering device is less likely to be clogged, so that even when a large amount of a substance to be removed (such as dust) is collected, a decrease in the permeation flow rate of the dust collecting device is small. Further, in this case, since the fluid mainly passes through the first filtration side where the amount of the substance to be removed is small, there is less possibility that the fluid will be re-contaminated by passing through the filtration device.

The ocean according to claim 58 of the present invention (lake, pond,
A purifying apparatus (including a river) is provided with the filtering apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 44.

According to this configuration, since the filtering device is unlikely to be clogged, solid components can be reliably captured regardless of the concentration of the components (particles permeating through the filter medium flow out) regardless of the concentration, and the purification ability is not improved. A high purification device can be obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a filtration device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a supply port 7 for supplying a fluid 102, a first filtration unit 8, a concentrated fluid 103 (hereinafter, a concentrated fluid 103). Are sequentially connected to the mechanism 10 and the second filtration unit 9 for preventing the flow from the second filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side. In the figure, reference numeral 3 denotes a fluid 102 (and a concentrated fluid 103) supplied from the supply port 7 and flowing through the filtration device 100.
4 indicates the flow of the permeated fluid 101 (the fluid 102 that has passed through the filter medium 1 or the concentrated fluid 103 that has passed through the filter medium 1), and the directions of the arrows in 3 and 4 indicate the direction of the flow of the fluid. The length of the arrow indicates the flow velocity of the fluid. Reference numeral 11 denotes a flow path for guiding the concentrated fluid 103 passing through the first filtration unit 8 to the mechanism 10, and reference numeral 12 denotes a flow path for the concentrated fluid 103 to the mechanism 1.
The flow path leading from 0 to the second filtration unit 9 is shown.

In the following, in the embodiments of the present invention, reference numerals are unified, and redundant description will be omitted.

In this configuration, the fluid 102 supplied from the supply port 7 is first filtered in the first filtration unit 8.
At this time, in the first filtration unit 8, the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is hardly captured, and only the fluid component in the fluid 102 passes through the filter medium 1 and is removed as the permeated fluid 101. It is concentrated and discharged from the first filtration unit 8 as a concentrated fluid 103. The concentrated fluid 103 discharged from the first filtration unit 8 is supplied to the channel 11, the mechanism 10, and the channel 12
And is supplied to the second filtration unit 9. The fluid component in the concentrated fluid 103 supplied in the second filtration unit 9 is the filter medium 1
However, since the substance 2 to be removed cannot pass through the filter medium 1, the substance 2 to be removed is deposited and captured here.

The fluid 102 is supplied to the second filtration unit 9 as the concentrated fluid 103 which is concentrated by passing through the first filtration unit 8, so that the concentrated fluid passing through the second filtration unit 9 is supplied to the second filtration unit 9. The flow rate of the fluid 103 is significantly lower than the flow rate of the fluid 102 passing through the first filtration unit 8. For this reason, even when the permeation flow rate of the second filtration unit 9 is significantly reduced due to clogging or the like, the flow rate of the concentrated fluid 103 supplied to the second filtration unit 9 is small. It becomes possible.

The specifications of the first filtration unit 8 are as follows.
If the fluid component in 2 has a function or structure that makes it difficult for the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 to deposit on the filter medium 1 when the fluid component permeates through the filter medium 1, and has a function of effectively concentrating the fluid 102 Well, specific specifications include (text paragraph 0002
And the like, and filtration by a cross flow method. As an example of an existing module as a specification of a cross-flow filtration unit, there are various types such as a disk type, an umbrella type, a pleated type, a tubular type, a capillary type, but the application is not limited to these existing specifications. Various specifications can be applied according to.

The specification of the second filtration unit 9 is such that the substance 2 to be removed in the concentrated fluid 103 is reliably collected by the filter medium 1 when the concentrated fluid 103 passes through the filter medium 1. The specific specifications are as follows (Sentence paragraph 0002
Filtration by an overall filtration method, etc.). As an example of an existing module as a specification of a filtration unit using a full-filtration method, there are various specifications such as a tubular type, a capillary type, a filter back type, a cartridge filter type, but it is not limited to these existing specifications. Various specifications can be applied together.

The specifications of the filter medium 1 constituting the first filtration unit 8 and the second filtration unit 9 are such that the fluid component in the fluid 102 (or the concentrated fluid 103) is transmitted, but the substance 2 to be removed is transmitted. Depending on the size of the substance 2 to be removed, a wire mesh used for a strainer or the like, various meshes (see paragraph 003), a general filtration membrane (see paragraph 004), a microfiltration membrane (see paragraph 005). ), An ultrafiltration membrane (see sentence paragraph 006) and the like may be appropriately selected and used.

[0139] The collection method in which the filter medium 1 collects the substance 2 to be removed includes a surface collection method in which the substance 2 to be removed is collected on the surface of the filter medium 1, and a method in which the substance 2 to be removed is also collected inside the filter medium 1 ( There are two methods, a deep collection method in which large particles are collected on the surface and small particles are collected inside. In the surface filtration method, the collection of the substance 2 to be removed is limited to the surface of the filter medium 1, so the collected substance 2 to be removed is easily detached from the filter medium 1,
Further, the filter medium 1 has a feature that the material to be removed 2 is easily clogged. On the other hand, in the deep collection method, since the substance 2 to be removed is collected even inside the filter medium 1, the substance 2 to be removed attached to the filter medium 1 is extremely difficult to be desorbed. It has the characteristic that it is difficult to be clogged because it gathers.

In the filter medium 1 used in the first filtration section 8, it is required that the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 hardly accumulates on the filter medium 1 and that even if it accumulates, it is easily desorbed. Therefore, it is preferable that the filter medium 1 collects the substance 2 to be removed by a surface collection method.

Further, in the filter medium 1 used in the second filtration unit 9, since it is required that the substance 2 to be removed in the concentrated fluid 103 can be reliably collected by the filter medium 1, the filter medium 1 is used. It is preferable that the collection method for collecting the removal target substance 2 is a deep collection method. However, in the case of a filter device 100 of a type that is used repeatedly after regenerating the second filtration unit 9 by removing the removal target substance 2 collected by the second filtration unit 9, the second filtration unit 9 It is desirable that the substance 2 to be removed collected in step 1 is easily desorbed, and it is desirable that the filter medium 1 collects the substance 2 to be removed by a surface collection method.

In order to prevent clogging of the first filtration unit 8, the flow rate of the fluid 102 is equal to or more than the flow rate at which the accumulation of the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 on the filter medium 1 in the first filtration unit 8 can be suppressed. Is desirable. In order to prevent the concentrated fluid 103 from flowing backward from the second filtration unit 9 to the first filtration unit 8, the flow rate of the concentrated fluid 103 may be equal to or less than the flow rate that can be filtered by the second filtration unit. desirable. Since the permeation flow rate in the second filtration unit 9 decreases as the removal target substance 2 is deposited, the removal target substance 2
In order to increase the trapping amount, the flow rate of the concentrated fluid 103 is reduced within a range where the accumulation of the substance 2 to be removed can be suppressed by the first filtration unit 8 (the amount by which the fluid 102 is concentrated in the first filtration unit 8). Is desirable.

In the flow path 11 for guiding the concentrated fluid 103 discharged from the first filtration unit 8 to the mechanism 10, it is required that the concentrated fluid 103 be smoothly guided to the mechanism 10 without stagnation. I have. In this case, if the tapered surface is provided so that the flow path 11 becomes narrower (or the cross-sectional area becomes smaller) toward the mechanism 10 as shown in FIG.
Is less likely to stagnate and is smoothly guided to the mechanism 10. Various shapes are conceivable for the shape of the tapered surface. However, a conical shape has good symmetry, so that stagnation hardly occurs and shaping is relatively easy.

In the mechanism 10 for preventing the concentrated fluid 103 from flowing from the second filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side, various mechanisms as described in the paragraphs 0025 to 0051 are used. Means are conceivable, and what is appropriate may be used.

FIG. 4 shows a filter device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Shape) filtration device.

[0146] Examples of the filter-back type filtration device include a bag for collecting dust such as a vacuum cleaner, a strainer (described in paragraph 0003), and a general filtration membrane such as a drain bag used in a kitchen or the like. Bag (text paragraph 00
04), a bag made of a microfiltration membrane (text paragraph 0).
005).

Hereinafter, the effect of providing the joints 16 and 16 in the middle of the bag made of the filter medium 1 will be described with reference to a drain bag used in a kitchen or the like. In addition, in FIG. 4, although illustrated about the bag-shaped filtration device 100 which has a gusset, this Example is not limited to the shape of a bag, For example, the bag which does not have a gusset, It can be applied to bags of various shapes such as bags.

It is to be noted that the existing filter-back type filtration device basically has a bag-like shape, and has a problem that the filter medium is liable to be clogged because the filtration is performed by the entire surface filtration. Was.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the filtering device 100 shown in FIG. 4 is expanded. By providing the joints 16, 16 in the middle of the bag made of the filter medium 1, the joints 16, 16
In this case, the bag cannot be expanded, and the bag is
Before and after 6, the vehicle is divided through a narrow passage.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show the filtration device 1 shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in a state where 00 is provided in the drain port of the sink 13. FIG. 6 shows a case where the filtering device 100 is not inflated (no garbage or the like), and FIG. Indicate the case where the filtration device 100 is expanded.

In the figure, reference numeral 13 denotes a sink provided with a cut-off portion at the lowest part of the bottom of the sink. The drain of the sink 13 has a garbage basket 1 for draining.
5 are dropped into the garbage container 1
A rubber lid 14 having a disk shape and provided with a plurality of cuts from its center is installed above the peripheral edge of the opening 5 so as to fit over the cutout portion of the sink drain port.
Functions as the supply port 7. In addition, a filter device 100 for facilitating cleaning of the garbage container 15 is placed in the garbage container 15 for draining.

As a result, the filtration device 100 is
4 (supply port 7) and narrows with a taper toward the joint 16, and is connected to a space surrounded by the lower filter medium 1 through a narrow passage between the joints 16.

In this configuration, above the joint 16, the filter medium 1 is attached to the joint 1 by the rubber lid 14 (supply port 7).
It narrows with a taper toward the narrow passage between 6,16. Since the fluid 102 (in this case, wastewater containing garbage) flows along the taper toward the narrow passage between the joints 16, the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 (in this case, garbage) Is difficult to be collected on the filter medium 1 and only the liquid component passes through the filter medium 1, so that the fluid 102
Is concentrated into a concentrated fluid 103, and the joints 16, 1
6 will flow into the narrow passageway. Joints 16, 16
The concentrated fluid 103 that has passed through the narrow passage therebetween is filtered in a space surrounded by the filter medium 1, where the substance 2 to be removed is deposited.

Therefore, by providing the joints 16 and 16 in the existing filter-back type filtration device, the joint 1 is provided.
The upstream side of 6, 16 is the first filtration unit 8 for concentrating the fluid 102, and the downstream side of the junction 16, 16 is the concentrated fluid 103.
Since the (concentrated fluid 102) can be configured as the second filtration unit 9 for performing a filtration process, the filtration device 100 having a high permeation flow rate even when a large amount of the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is collected. I can do things. In addition, as described above, the first filtration unit 8 and the second filtration unit 9 are connected to the joint 16,
The narrow passages function as a mechanism 10 for preventing the concentrated fluid 103 from flowing from the second filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side. .

The smaller the distance between the joints 16 is, the higher the concentration of the fluid 102 in the first filtration unit 8 is, and the smaller the amount of the concentrated fluid 103 flowing into the second filtration unit 9 is. Even when the permeation flow rate of the second filtration unit 9 decreases due to clogging or the like, the concentrated fluid 103 can be filtered. At the same time, even when the second filtration unit 9 is clogged, the concentrated fluid 103 hardly flows from the second filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side, and the first filtration unit 8 is also clogged. It is hard to cause. Therefore, it is desirable that the interval between the joints 16 is narrow as long as the substance 2 to be removed in the first filtration unit 8 is difficult to deposit. In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, when the first filtration unit 8 is located above the second filtration unit 9, when the fluid 102 having a higher specific gravity than the atmosphere, such as a liquid, is filtered. , Fluid 102 (or concentrated fluid 10)
3) is the second filtration unit 9 from the first filtration unit 8 side by gravity.
To receive a force in the direction toward the side (i.e., because this positional relationship functions as a gravity trap).
03 further hardly flows from the second filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side.

When the filtering device 100 is a drain bag, this configuration allows the filtering device 100 (drain bag) and the drain garbage receiving basket 15 to be used as shown in FIGS.
Since there is a gap between the filtration device 100 and the garbage receiving basket 15 for draining, the filtration device 100 does not come into close contact with each other. It becomes difficult. In addition, garbage basket for draining 1
5 is easy to dry and separates from the filtration device 100 containing nutrients (by collecting garbage), so that slime is less likely to occur in the garbage receiving basket 15 for draining.

FIG. 8 shows a filtering device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the joints 16 provided in the middle of the bag made of the filter medium 1 have a gradient. 4 is different from the embodiment shown in FIG.

According to this configuration, the gradient provided at the joints 16, 16 causes the fluid 10 to flow from the first filtering section 8 to the second filtering section 9.
Since the fluid 102 (or the concentrated fluid 103) functions as a guide for guiding the fluid 2 (or the concentrated fluid 103), the fluid 102 (or the concentrated fluid 103) is unlikely to stagnate, and the removal target substance 2 is less likely to be deposited in the first filtration unit 8. Thereby, the first filtration unit 8 is less likely to be clogged, and the filtration device 100 having a higher permeation flow rate can be obtained.

FIG. 9 is a diagram in which a filtration device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided in a pipe 17 through which a fluid flows.
FIG. 9A shows a case where a conventional filtering device is provided, and FIG. 9B shows a case where a filtering device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. FIG. 9 is an example of the filtering device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 in which the shape of the bag made of the filtering medium 1 is changed from that shown in FIG. Belong to the category of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS.

In the same manner as in the case of the filtering device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, in FIG. With this arrangement, the bag cannot be expanded at the joint 16, and the bag is divided through a narrow passage before and after the joint 16.

As a result, the filtration device 100 is tapered and narrowed from the supply port 7 toward the joining portion 16, and is connected to a space surrounded by the lower filter medium 1 via a narrow passage between the joining portions 16 and 16. ing.

In this configuration, on the upstream side of the joint 16, the filter medium 1 is tapered and narrowed from the supply port 7 toward the narrow passage between the joints 16. Fluid 10
2 flows toward the narrow passage between the joints 16 along the taper, the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is difficult to be collected on the filter medium 1, and only the fluid component passes through the filter medium 1. Therefore, the fluid 102 is concentrated and becomes the concentrated fluid 103, and flows into the narrow passage between the joints 16. The concentrated fluid 103 that has passed through the narrow passage between the joints 16 and 16 is filtered in a space surrounded by the filter medium 1, where the substance 2 to be removed is deposited.

Since the filtering device 100 is configured as described above, the upstream side of the joints 16 and 16 is used as the first filtration unit 8 for concentrating the fluid 102, and the downstream side of the joints 16 and 16 is the concentrated fluid 103. (The fluid 1 concentrated in the first filtration unit 8
02) can be configured as a second filtration unit for filtering
Even when a large amount of the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is collected, it is possible to obtain the filtering device 100 having a high permeation flow rate and hardly causing clogging. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9B, when the filtration device 100 is installed in the pipe 17, the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid flowing through the pipe 17 is removed.
Can be effectively collected without almost clogging. In addition, as described above, the first filtration unit 8 and the second filtration unit 9 are connected via the narrow passage between the joints 16, 16, and the narrow passage is formed by the concentrated fluid 103 being the second passage. Functioning as a mechanism 10 for preventing a flow from the filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 9, as described above, since the fluid 102 flows almost along the filter medium 1 in the first filtration section 8, filtration is performed in a cross-flow manner. I have. Further, in the second filtering section, the substance to be removed 2 is collected and collected by filtration.

FIG. 10 shows a filtering device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. By providing a funnel-shaped separate member 104 in the middle of a container (or bag) formed of the filtering material 1, the filtering device 100 is provided. The space surrounded by 1 is divided into two. Since the separate member 104 has a funnel shape, the separate member 10
4 has a narrow flow path in the center and a tapered surface leading to the narrow flow path.

By providing the separate member 104 in the middle of the container (or bag) formed of the filter medium 1, the container (or bag) formed of the filter medium 1 is divided through the narrow channel of the separate member 104. Will be done.

In this configuration, when the fluid 102 flowing into the filtering device 100 from the supply port 7 flows toward the separate member 104 (as shown in the flow 3), the fluid 102 flows along the filter medium 1, Since the substance 2 to be removed in 102 is hard to be collected on the filter medium 1 and only the fluid component passes through the filter medium 1 as the permeated fluid 101 (as shown in the flow 4), the fluid 102 is a concentrated concentrated fluid. It becomes 103 and flows into the separate member 104 side. Separate member 10
4 has a tapered surface toward the narrow flow path at the tip, so that the concentrated fluid 103 passes through the narrow flow path without causing stagnation and flows into the space surrounded by the filter medium 1 on the downstream side of the separate member 104. I do. The concentrated fluid 103 flowing into the downstream side of the separate member 104 is filtered in a space surrounded by the filter medium 1 on the downstream side of the separate member 104, and the substance 2 to be removed is deposited.

Since the filtration device 100 is configured as described above, the upstream side of the separate member 104 is used as the first filtration section 8 for concentrating the fluid 102, and the downstream side of the separate member 104 filters the concentrated fluid 103. Since the filter unit 100 can be configured as the second filtration unit 9, even if a large amount of the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is collected, the filtration device 100 has a high permeation capacity.
Can be obtained.

As described above, the first filtering section 8 and the second filtering section 9 are connected via the narrow passage of the separate member 104 (see the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 9). This narrow passage functions as a mechanism 10 for preventing the concentrated fluid 103 from flowing from the second filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side. Further, the separate member 104 has a tapered surface toward the mechanism 10, and this low par surface is used to concentrate the concentrated fluid 10 that has passed through the first filtration unit 8 and concentrated.
3 functions as a flow path 11 for leading to the mechanism 10.

Further, by forming the mechanism 10 and the flow path 11 by a separate member 104 having a thin funnel shape, the dead space of the path material 1 is reduced, and the size of the filtration device 100 can be reduced.

Further, if the mechanism 10 and the flow path 11 are constituted by separate members 104, and if the separate member 104 is designed to be detachable, by removing the separate member 104, the second filter section 9 can be moved to the second filtration section 9 side. The deposited removal target substance 2 can be easily taken out. Such a simple cleaning mechanism is extremely effective when the filtering device 100 is provided at a place where the filtering device 100 can be maintained.
The vicinity of a fluid inlet / outlet, such as a drain port, a water intake port, a water absorption section, and a water discharge section, may be used.

Note that the concentrated fluid 103 is supplied to the separate member 10.
4, the substance to be removed 2
Etc. may adhere. As a measure for reducing this, there is a measure such as smoothing the surface of the separate member 104 or using a material having a low surface energy. As a measure for lowering the surface energy, there is a method of processing the surface with fluorine or silicon.

FIG. 11 is a top view of a filtration device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As in the other examples shown in FIGS. Channel 11,
The mechanism 10, the flow path 12, and the second filtration unit 9 are sequentially connected to configure the filtration device 100. The first filtration unit 8 is formed of the strip-shaped filter medium 1, and the filtration device 100 is two-dimensionally configured. This embodiment is significantly different from the other embodiments in that the present embodiment is configured in a similar manner.

With this configuration, in the case of collecting the substance 2 to be removed floating on or near the liquid surface, it is arranged near the liquid surface with the band-shaped filter medium 1 and expanded like a fence. Even if one filtering section 8 is formed, the fine particles 2 can be reliably captured and collected.

Further, in the above configuration, when the floating property of the substance 2 to be removed is high, the first filtration unit 8 is replaced by a non-permeable member (for example, an oil fence) instead of the band-shaped filter medium 1. May be configured. In this case, the removal target substance 2
Is suspended on the liquid surface or in the vicinity thereof, and is blocked by a non-permeable member. However, the liquid component passes below the non-permeable member, so that the fluid 102 is concentrated.

This configuration is an effective measure for removing suspended matters floating on the liquid surface such as the ocean. For example, it is necessary to quickly and effectively collect oil spilled in an oil spill accident or the like. Can be done. In addition, in the case of removing the dirt spread in such a wide range, the fluid 102 may be configured to flow through the filtration device 100. However, as illustrated, the filtration device 100 is pulled by the traction device 21 or the like. If the filter device is configured to move, the structure and movement of the device can be simplified, and the size of the filtration device 100 can be easily increased.

FIG. 12 shows a filtering device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The filter device 1 constituting the second filtering section 9 is replaceable. This is different from the filtering device 100 according to the embodiment. In the configuration of this embodiment, the second filtration unit 9 includes the permeated fluid 101
And a removable filter bag formed of the filter medium 1 and fixed inside the basket 150.

With this configuration, when the second filtration unit 9 is clogged due to the deposition of the substance 2 to be removed,
The substance to be removed can be removed by replacing the filter bag formed of the filter medium 1 (constituting the second filtration unit 9), and the filtration device 100 can again obtain a good filtration processing ability.

Further, since the member to be replaced is a filter bag, it can be easily folded at the time of disposal, and the amount of waste can be reduced. In addition, if a filter material of a deep filtration method is used as a filter material of the filter bag formed of the filter material 1 (constituting the second filtering portion 9), large particles are collected on the surface layer of the filter material and small particles are collected inside. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the second filtration unit 9 having a high ability to hold the substance 2 to be removed and a trapped amount.

Various methods can be considered as a method of fixing the filter bag formed of the filter medium 1 (constituting the second filter section 9). As shown in FIG.
If the filter bag is sandwiched and fixed between the basket 150 and the separate member 104, there is no need to add a new member, and the configuration of the filtration device 100 can be simplified.

Further, in this embodiment, the structure in which the filter medium 1 of the second filter section 9 is replaced has been described, but the filter medium 1 of the first filter section 8 may be replaced depending on the use conditions.
Also, the filter medium 1 of the first filtration unit 8 is preferably configured to be replaceable, since the filter may also cause clogging.

FIG. 13 shows a filtering device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The configuration having a plurality of separate members 104 and 105 according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Different from the filtration device 100.

With this configuration, the filtration device 1 is supplied from the supply port 7.
Fluid 102 flowing into 00 (as shown in flow 3)
When flowing toward another member 104, the fluid 102
Therefore, the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is difficult to be collected on the filter medium 1, and only the fluid component passes through the filter medium 1 as the permeated fluid 101 (as shown in the flow 4). 102 is another member 104 in a concentrated state
It will flow into the side. Since the separate member 104 has a tapered surface toward the narrow flow path at the tip, the concentrated fluid 102 passes through the narrow flow path without stagnation, and is surrounded by the filter medium 1 downstream of the separate member 104. Flows into the space.

The fluid 102 that has flowed (concentrated) downstream of the separate member 104 is separated from the separate member 10 (as shown in the flow 3).
When flowing toward 5, the (concentrated) fluid 102 flows along the filter medium 1, so that the substance 2 to be removed in the (concentrated) fluid 102 is difficult to be collected on the filter medium 1, and
Only the fluid component (as shown in stream 4)
(Concentrated) fluid 10 to pass through the filter media 1 as
2 is a separate member 10 in the state of a further concentrated fluid 103.
Will flow into the 5 side

The concentrated fluid 103 flowing downstream of the separate member 105 is filtered in a space surrounded by the filter medium 1 downstream of the separate member 105, and the substance 2 to be removed is deposited.

Since the filtering device 100 is configured as described above, the upstream side of the separate member 105 is used as the first filtering section 8 for concentrating the fluid 102, and the downstream side of the separate member 105 is used for filtering the concentrated fluid 103. Since the filter unit 100 can be configured as the second filtration unit 9, even if a large amount of the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is collected, the filtration device 100 has a high permeation capacity.
Can be obtained.

In the case where the filtration device 100 collects a larger amount of the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 and the permeation flow rate downstream of the separate member 105 is significantly reduced, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the concentrated fluid 103 (and the fluid 102) hardly flows into the downstream side of the separate member 105.

[0188] Even in such a case, as shown in FIG.
02 flows toward the separate member 104 (as shown in the flow 3) because the fluid 102 flows along the filter medium 1
The substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is difficult to be collected on the filter medium 1, and only the fluid component passes through the filter medium 1 as the permeated fluid 101 (as shown in the flow 4). It flows into the separate member 104 as the fluid 103. Since the separate member 104 has a tapered surface toward the narrow flow path at the distal end, the concentrated fluid 103 passes through the narrow flow path without causing stagnation, and is surrounded by the filter medium 1 downstream of the separate member 104. Flows into.

Concentrated fluid 1 flowing downstream of another member 104
03 is filtered in the space surrounded by the filter medium 1 on the downstream side of the separate member 104, and the substance 2 to be removed is deposited.

Since the filtering device 100 is configured as described above, by providing a plurality of the separate members 104 and 105, the amount of the substance 2 to be removed in the filtering device 100 is increased, and the first concentration of the fluid 102 is increased. Of the filtration unit 8
The concentrated fluid 103 is replaced with the second filtration unit 9 that performs a filtration process. Therefore, the collection amount of the substance 2 to be removed by the filtering device 100 increases.

In this embodiment (FIGS. 13 and 14), the mechanism 10 (to prevent the concentrated fluid 103 from flowing from the second filtering section 9 to the first filtering section 8) has a narrow flow path. Although the example in which the funnel-shaped separate members 104 and 105 having a path are applied has been described, the present invention is not limited to this configuration.
The same effect can be obtained when other measures described in 029 to 0051 are applied.

When the mechanism 10 has a pressure loss, the effect described in paragraph 0043 is obtained by having a function of adjusting the magnitude of the pressure loss. There are various measures for adjusting the pressure loss, and one of the measures is to provide a throttle mechanism at a minimum portion of the flow path cross-sectional area.

FIG. 15 shows a filtering apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 shows that a filtering port 100 for discharging the substance 2 to be removed deposited on the second filtering section 9 is provided. Different from the embodiment. In this configuration, the mechanism 10 has a valve function for opening and closing the flow path connecting the first filtration unit 8 and the second filtration unit 9, and the discharge port 18 also has a valve function for opening and closing the discharge port. Equipped. Further, the filter medium 1 of the second filter section 9 is configured to have a taper toward the discharge port 18.

In the case where the fluid 102 is filtered by the filtering device 100, the mechanism 10 has a valve function.
Is opened to connect the first filtration unit 8 and the second filtration unit 9 and the filtration process is performed with the outlet 18 closed. In this case, similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the fluid 102 supplied from the supply port 7 is first supplied to the first filtration unit 8.
Is filtered. At this time, in the first filtration unit 8, the substance 2 to be removed in the fluid 102 is hardly captured and the fluid 1
02, only the fluid component permeates through the filter medium 1 and the permeated fluid 101
Therefore, the fluid 102 is concentrated and discharged from the first filtration unit 8 as the concentrated fluid 103. The concentrated fluid 103 discharged from the first filtration unit 8 is supplied to the second filtration unit 9 via the flow path 11, the mechanism 10, and the flow path 12.
The fluid component in the concentrated fluid 103 supplied in the second filtration unit 9 passes through the filter medium 1, but the substance 2 to be removed cannot pass through the filter medium 1, so that the substance 2 to be removed is deposited and captured here. .

Due to the influence of the deposition of the substance 2 to be removed,
The permeation flow rate of the second filtration unit 9 is significantly reduced, and the concentrated fluid 1
03 cannot be processed, the mechanism 10 (valve function provided) is closed, the first filtration unit 8 and the second filtration unit 9 are closed, and the discharge port 18 is opened to open the second filtration unit. Part 9
The substance 2 to be removed that has accumulated on the surface is discharged.

The operation of the filtering device 100 in this case will be described with reference to FIG.

In the second filtration section 9, a washing solution 19 is flowed from the back side of the filter medium 1 to back-wash the filter medium 1,
The substance 2 to be removed deposited on the second filtration unit 9 is desorbed from the filter medium 1. By opening the outlet 18 with the substance 2 to be removed detached from the filter medium 1, the substance 2 to be removed is discharged from the outlet 18 together with the cleaning liquid 19.

The substance 2 to be removed deposited on the second filtration section 9
When removing the fluid 102, the supply of the fluid 102 to the filtration device 100 may be stopped and the filtration process may be temporarily stopped. However, by closing the mechanism 10, the fluid 102 supplied from the supply port 7 becomes The first substance is filtered by the first filtration part 8, and the substance 2 to be removed can be temporarily deposited and collected by the first filtration part 8.

In this case, after the removal of the substance to be removed 2 deposited on the second filtration unit 9 is completed, the discharge port 18 is closed again, and the mechanism 10 is opened to open the first filtration unit 8 and the second filtration unit. 9, the substance 2 to be removed deposited in the first filtration unit 8 is pushed away by the fluid 102, and
2 (or the concentrated fluid 103) flows into the second filtration unit 9 in a state where it is mixed with the concentrated fluid 103, and is deposited. That is, with this configuration, the removal target substance 2 deposited on the second filtration unit 9
When removing the fluid, the fluid 102 can be continuously filtered.

In this configuration, the filter medium 1 used in the second filtration section 9 is required to be easily removable of the substance 2 to be removed. Therefore, it is preferable that the filter medium 1 be of a surface collection type.

As one measure for removing the substance 2 to be removed deposited on the second filtration unit 9, the filter medium 1 with the cleaning liquid 19 is used.
However, since the substance 2 to be removed is mainly attached to the filter medium 1 by physical force, it can be removed by applying an appropriate physical force. 1 can be reproduced. In addition, as a measure for removing the substance 2 to be removed attached to the filter medium 1, in addition to the backwashing, the concentrated fluid 1 in the second filtration device 9 that vibrates the filter medium 1
It is possible to apply various measures according to the use, such as stirring the material 03 or scraping off the substance 2 to be removed.

The embodiment of the filtering device 100 according to the present invention has been described above. In each embodiment, the filtration device 10
The reason why the fluid 103 to be treated at 0 is not particularly limited and is simply described as a fluid is that the filtration device 100 can be applied to various fluids regardless of liquid or gas. In each embodiment, detailed specifications of the filter medium 1 are not described, but the present invention can be applied to various filter media using a sieving as a separation mechanism. The removal target substance 2, the fluid 102, the filtration device 10
Since the specifications of the filter medium 1 are different for each specification such as 0, it is needless to say that the specifications of the filter medium 1 may be appropriately determined so as to satisfy these.

[0203]

As described above, the filtering apparatus 100 according to the present invention is configured as described above.
Even when a large amount of the substance 2 to be removed is collected, a high permeation flow rate can be maintained. That is, the collection amount of the removal target substance 2 can be significantly increased, and the filtration device 100 in which clogging is extremely difficult can be realized.

Therefore, by mounting the filtration device 100 in the fluid system of the mechanical device, the sentence paragraphs 0103 to 01
As described at 14, the reliability of the mechanical device can be improved, and at the same time, the cost can be reduced.

Further, even when the filtration device 100 is used for purposes other than the fluid system of a mechanical device, as described in the paragraphs 0115 to 0127, removal of the collected matter in the filtration device 100 is performed. The accompanying maintenance can be greatly reduced.

Also, depending on the configuration of the filtering device 100,
It is possible to realize the filtration device 100 that can easily remove the trapped removal target substance 2 and recover the permeation flow rate that has been reduced due to the deposition of the removal target substance 2.

In particular, when the filtering device 100 having this configuration is provided at the outlet and the inlet of the fluid, the deposited substance 2 to be removed can be easily removed, so that the filtering device is unlikely to be clogged, so that the number of times of maintenance is small. In addition to the above, it is possible to obtain an outlet or an inlet of the fluid that can be easily maintained (removal of the deposited substance 2 to be removed).

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a total filtration system.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of filtration by a cross flow method.

FIG. 3 is a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a filtration device showing one embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 filter medium 2 substance to be removed 3 flow of fluid supplied from supply port 7 and flowing through filtration apparatus 4 4 permeated fluid 101 (supply liquid 102 that has passed filter medium 1
7) A supply port for supplying the fluid 102 8 A first filtration unit 9 A second filtration unit 10 A flow of the fluid 102 from the second filtration unit 9 side to the first filtration unit 8 side Prevention mechanism 11 Concentrated fluid 10 that has passed through first filtration unit 8 and has been concentrated
Flow path for guiding 3 to the mechanism 10 12 Flow path for guiding the concentrated fluid 103 from the mechanism 10 to the total filtration unit 9 13 Sink 14 Lid 15 Garbage basket for draining 16 Joint 17 Pipe 18 Outlet 19 Washing liquid 20 Substance to be removed Flow of the contained washing liquid 19 21 Traction device 100 Filtration device 101 Permeated fluid 102 Fluid 103 Concentrated fluid 104 Separate member 105 Separate member 150 Basket

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B01D 35/28 C02F 1/44 A 46/00 301 K 46/02 F16L 55/24 A 61/18 B01D 35 / 02 B C02F 1/44 EG F16L 55/24 MN Q 29/10 501Z 510A 520C 530A 530B 29/12 A (72) Inventor Kiyo Kuroda 1-157-715 (72) ) Inventor Naoya Kuroda 1-57-715 No.hama, Otsu-shi, Shiga Prefecture F-term (reference) BE11 BM21 BM40 BN01 4D066 AA02 AB04 BA03 BB01 BB18 BB31

Claims (58)

[Claims] 1. A filter device for filtering a fluid supplied from a supply port, comprising: a supply port for supplying a fluid; a first filtration unit for concentrating the fluid; and a second filtration unit for filtering the concentrated fluid. Are sequentially connected. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first filtration unit is configured to concentrate the fluid by permeating the fluid component in the fluid and to prevent the substance to be removed in the fluid from being easily deposited.
The filtration device according to claim 1. 3. The filtering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first filtering section is a cross-flow type filtering section. 4. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the second filtering unit is a filtering unit using a full-surface filtration method. 5. The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit are adjacent to each other. 6. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit are integrated. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for preventing a fluid from flowing from the second filtration unit to the first filtration unit.
The filtration device according to any one of the above. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein means for preventing fluid from flowing from the second filtration section to the first filtration section is provided between the first filtration section and the second filtration section. The filtration device according to claim 1. 9. The filtering device according to claim 7, wherein a taper portion is provided on an upstream side of the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion. 10. The filtering device according to claim 7, wherein the means for preventing the fluid from flowing from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion is a pump. 11. The filter according to claim 7, wherein the means for preventing the fluid from flowing from the second filter to the first filter is a check valve. 12. The filtering device according to claim 7, wherein the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion is a trap utilizing gravity. 13. The filtering device according to claim 7, wherein the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtering section to the first filtering section is a means for rectifying the fluid. 14. The filtering device according to claim 13, wherein the means for rectifying the fluid is a porous body. 15. The filtering device according to claim 7, wherein the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion is a pressure loss. 16. The filtering device according to claim 15, wherein the magnitude of the pressure loss is variable. 17. The filtering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtering section to the first filtering section is a means for providing a minimum portion in the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow path. 18. The filtration device according to claim 17, wherein the means for providing the minimum portion in the cross-sectional area of the flow path includes providing an orifice. 19. A means for providing a minimum portion in a cross-sectional area of a flow path,
18. The filtering device according to claim 17, wherein the filtering device has a portion in which a space between wall surfaces constituting the filtering device is narrow. 20. A means for providing a minimum portion in a cross-sectional area of a flow path,
The filtration device according to claim 17, wherein wall surfaces constituting the filtration device are joined to each other. 21. The filtering device according to claim 19, wherein a wall constituting the filtering device is a filtering material. 22. The filtering device according to claim 7, wherein the means for making it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion has a funnel shape. 23. The filtering device according to claim 7, wherein a means for preventing a fluid from flowing from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion is detachable. 24. The filtering device according to claim 23, wherein the means for preventing fluid from flowing from the second filtering portion to the first filtering portion is detachable from the first filtering portion side. 25. The filtering apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of means are provided to make it difficult for the fluid to flow from the second filtering section to the first filtering section. 26. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit is a fixed module. 27. The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit is a bag-shaped module. 28. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit is a belt-shaped module. 29. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit are configured by one bag-shaped module. 30. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein a surface-collecting filter medium is used in the first filtering section. 31. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein a filtering material of a deep collection type is used in the second filtering section. 32. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the filtering media of the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit have the same specifications. 33. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit is formed of a plurality of layers of filtering media. . 34. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein a prefilter is provided on an upstream side of at least one of the first filtering unit and the second filtering unit. 35. The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the second filtration unit is replaceable. 36. The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the first filtration unit is replaceable. 37. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a discharge port for discharging a substance to be removed accumulated in the second filtration section.
7. The filtration device according to any one of 6. 38. The filtering device according to claim 37, wherein a flow path leading to the discharge port is provided with a taper. 39. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substance to be removed deposited on the filtration device is removed by physical means.
8. The filtration device according to any one of 8 above. 40. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for opening and closing a flow path connecting the first filtration unit and the second filtration unit.
40. The filtration device according to any one of claims to 39. 41. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid to be filtered by the filtering device is a liquid. 42. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid to be filtered by the filtering device is a gas. 43. The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium of the filtration device is a general filtration membrane. 44. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the filtering medium of the filtering device is a microfiltration membrane. 45. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the filter medium of the filtering device is an ultrafiltration membrane. 46. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the filtering device is a strainer. 47. A mechanical device provided with a filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46 in a fluid system. 48. The mechanical device according to claim 48, wherein the fluid system including the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46 is a refrigerant circuit. 49. The mechanical device according to claim 48, wherein the fluid system including the filtration device according to claim 1 is a hydraulic device. 50. The mechanical device according to claim 48, wherein the fluid system including the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46 is a fuel system. 51. A cleaning device comprising the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46. 52. An impurity removing device comprising the filtration device according to claim 1. Description: 53. A drain port provided with the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46. 54. A fluid suction unit comprising the filtration device according to claim 1. Description: 55. A fluid transport unit comprising the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46. 56. A fluid outlet comprising the filtration device according to claim 1. Description: 57. A dust collecting device comprising the filtering device according to claim 1. Description: 58. A marine (including lake, pond, and river) purification device provided with the filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 44.