JP2002323207A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem of a large quantity of waste heat being discharged in prior art. SOLUTION: An incinerator comprises an incinerating part 2 for incinerating refuse, an exhaust gas treatment device 20 for treating exhaust gas, generated in the incinerating part 2 and a waste heat recovery device 21 for recovering the waste heat in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerating part 2. The exhaust gas treatment device 20 includes a decomposition part 5 for decomposing incinerated ash, scattered ash or organic chlorine compound in the exhaust gas, and a desulfurizing part 4 for desulfurizing sulfur oxide.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a small household incinerator, which is capable of decomposing organic chlorinated compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran in incinerated ash and fly ash or exhaust gas, and has a function of incineration heat. It has a function of recovering heat.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a technique for decomposing organic chlorine compounds generated from incineration ash and incinerators, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-388
No. 63 is disclosed. The technique disclosed therein uses an oxide such as Mg, Ba, Pt, Ti or Cu as a catalyst, and uses these catalysts by arranging them in a gas discharge path of an incinerator. . That is, the catalyst was heated at a temperature of 200
When used at a temperature of from 550 ° C. to 550 ° C., the organic chlorine compound is decomposed by a catalytic dechlorination reaction.

As a technique for decomposing dioxin in fly ash and incinerated ash, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-30931
No. 6 discloses. The technology disclosed here is
A dust collector that removes dust in the exhaust gas and a decomposer that decomposes harmful substances in the exhaust gas are provided. Decompose.

[0004] Alternatively, JP-A-3-178389 describes a technique for collecting dust in exhaust gas and irradiating it with radiation to decompose dioxins in the dust. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-321475 describes a technique in which dioxin in dust is extracted with methanol and irradiated with ultraviolet rays to decompose the dioxin.

[0005] Alternatively, a melting treatment method of thermally decomposing dioxins by heating and melting fly ash to 1400 ° C, and a technique of decomposing dioxins by adding a chemical have been developed.

[0006] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-128741 discloses that
Dioxin is unlikely to be resynthesized from high-temperature exhaust gas1
An exhaust gas cooling device that rapidly reduces the temperature to about 00 ° C to 150 ° C, a dust collector that removes fine dust contained in the exhaust gas cooled by the exhaust gas cooling device, and a dust collector that removes the dust A technique is described in which dioxins and organic chlorine compounds contained in the removed exhaust gas at 100 ° C. to 150 ° C. are decomposed by a catalyst in which vanadium oxide or tungsten oxide is supported on a carrier using titanium oxide or silicon oxide.

[0007]

However, the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-38863 is directed to a large-scale incinerator based on continuous operation. It is difficult to apply it to a basic small incinerator, and there is a problem that a large amount of waste heat is released because it is not provided with a waste heat recovery device.

Another conventional technology is also for a large incinerator based on continuous operation, and is intended for a device in which the temperature in the incinerator is always high and refuse is reliably burned. And Therefore, a batch process such as a small incinerator is fundamental, and there is a problem that it is difficult to apply to an apparatus that does not control the temperature or that has difficulty in controlling the temperature.

[0009] Decomposition technology having a low operating temperature of 150 ° C has also been proposed. However, since it is a technology based on a denitration catalyst, an advanced operation is required to maintain stable decomposition characteristics. Is what you do.

As described above, techniques for decomposing dioxin after collecting fly ash include irradiating radiation or ultraviolet rays, melting the dust at a high temperature, or decomposing it with supercritical water. is there. All of the techniques are large-scale and unsuitable for small incinerators.

In addition, all of the above-mentioned prior arts have a problem that a large amount of waste heat is released.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an incineration section for incinerating garbage, an exhaust gas treatment device for treating exhaust gas generated in the incineration section, and recovering waste heat in the exhaust gas generated in the incineration section. Equipped with a waste heat recovery device as a component requirement, the exhaust gas treatment device has a decomposer that decomposes organic chlorine compounds in incineration ash or fly ash or exhaust gas, and a desulfurization unit that desulfurizes sulfur oxides And the incinerator.

The sulfur oxides generated from the incineration section are desulfurized in the desulfurization section so that the decomposition of the organochlorine compounds in the decomposition section can be performed stably for a long period of time, and the waste heat in the exhaust gas is recovered as a waste heat recovery device. Thus, the temperature of the exhaust gas can be lowered by collecting the waste gas, and the amount of the organic chlorine compound contained in the exhaust gas can be further reduced.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention according to claim 1 is an incinerator for incinerating garbage, an exhaust gas treatment device for treating exhaust gas generated in the incinerator, and waste heat in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator. And a waste heat recovery device for recovering waste gas, and the exhaust gas treatment device includes a decomposing unit that decomposes organic chlorine compounds in incineration ash or fly ash or exhaust gas, and a desulfurizing unit that desulfurizes sulfur oxides. The incinerator has a configuration that has.

The sulfur oxides generated from the incineration section are desulfurized in the desulfurization section so that the decomposition of the organochlorine compound in the decomposition section can be performed stably for a long period of time, and the waste heat in the exhaust gas is recovered as a waste heat recovery device. Thus, the temperature of the exhaust gas can be lowered by collecting the waste gas, and the amount of the organic chlorine compound contained in the exhaust gas can be further reduced.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first aspect, the exhaust gas treatment device has a configuration including a dust collecting portion for collecting fly ash and a catalyst portion for decomposing the organic chlorine compound. I have. The incinerator is capable of decomposing organic chlorinated compounds in exhaust gas by decomposing the fly ash collected in the dust collecting section by the catalytic section, effectively utilizing waste heat and decomposing organic chlorine compounds in exhaust gas. .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first or second aspect, the decomposing section has a hydrochloric acid treatment section for treating hydrochloric acid, so that a trace amount formed after decomposing the organic chlorine compound is obtained. The incinerator is capable of neutralizing hydrochloric acid and preventing the release of hydrochloric acid into the atmosphere.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to third aspects, the waste heat recovery device is configured to be a thermoelectric conversion element. By using the thermoelectric conversion element, electric power can be generated in accordance with the temperature of waste heat, and the incinerator can effectively use this electric power.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the fourth aspect, the output of the thermoelectric conversion element is used as the driving power of the control unit. For this reason, the incinerator can supply the power of the control unit by itself, and can reduce the frequency of replacement of the battery which is the power supply of the control unit.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to fifth aspects, the waste heat recovery device is configured as a heat exchanger for converting cold water into hot water. Therefore, the hot water obtained by the heat exchanger can be used,
Waste heat can be used effectively.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to sixth aspects, the waste heat recovery device is configured as a heat exchanger for converting cold air into hot air. . Therefore, the hot air obtained by the heat exchanger can be used,
Waste heat can be used effectively.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of any one of the first to seventh aspects, a configuration is employed in which steam is generated using a waste heat recovery device. For this reason, for example, power can be generated by using the generated steam, and waste heat can be used effectively.

[0023]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the configuration of the incinerator of this embodiment.

The incinerator of the present embodiment includes an incinerator 2 for incinerating the refuse 1, an exhaust gas treatment device 20 for treating the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 2, and a waste heat in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 2. And a waste heat recovery device 21 to be used.

The incineration unit 2 includes a grid 7 made of a heat-resistant material,
It comprises a heating means 9 provided below the grid 7. Heating means 9
Consists of gas-fired burners or oil-fired burners,
The refuse 1 is heated and ignited, or incineration ash generated by incineration of the refuse 1 is heated. Temperature detecting means 8 for measuring the ambient temperature of combustible waste 1 or incinerated ash in incineration section 2
Is provided. The incineration unit 2 has a filter-11
have. The filter 11 is formed by forming a stainless steel plate into a lattice shape, and collects relatively large fly ash.
It is a configuration that can be attached and detached.

The incineration unit 2 has an opening 2
1 is provided with an exhaust gas treatment device 20 for decomposing organic chlorine compounds generated from combustible waste generated in the incineration unit 2 and adsorbing sulfur compounds (such as SO ₂ ). In this embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment device 20 includes a dust collecting section 3 for collecting fly ash that has passed through the filter 11, an electric heat heater 15 for heating the fly ash captured by the dust collecting section 3, The apparatus includes a desulfurizing unit 4 for adsorbing compounds, a decomposing unit 5 for decomposing harmful components such as organic chlorine compounds, and a hydrochloric acid processing unit 13 for processing hydrochloric acid generated after decomposing organic chlorine compounds.

The dust collecting portion 3 is made of a metal fiber or the like, that is, the surface of a porous body having sufficient heat resistance is La-coated.
The structure is such that a composite oxide of a perovskite structure made of Ce—Co is supported. The decomposition catalyst unit 5 has a structure in which cobalt oxide is supported on a porous carrier having sufficient heat resistance similar to that of the dust collection unit 3. In this embodiment, the electric heating heater 15, the dust collecting unit 3, the desulfurizing unit 4, and the decomposing unit 5, which constitute the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 20, are located downstream of the gas or fly ash generated from the incineration unit 2. On the side in the order mentioned.

In this embodiment, the waste heat recovery device 21
The heat exchange device converts cold water to hot water.

The blower 6 is disposed at the end of the apparatus for discharging the exhaust gas after passing through the heat recovery apparatus to the outside of the apparatus.

In this embodiment, the temperature information detected by the temperature detecting means 8 is transmitted to the control unit 10. Control unit 1
Numeral 0 controls the amount of combustion of the heating means 9, the amount of electricity of the electric heating heater 15, and the amount of air blown by the blower 6 in accordance with a signal from the temperature detecting means 8.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When the refuse 1 is stored in the incineration section 2 and the heating means 9 comprising a gas combustion burner is ignited, the refuse 1 is heated and ignited. The control unit 10 uses the information from the temperature detection means 8 to
When recognizing the temperature rise in the inside, the control unit 10
Stop operation of. At this time, the dust 1 has started burning, and the burning of the dust 1 continues even if the operation of the heating means 9 is stopped. The garbage 1 eventually becomes only incineration ash due to the continuation of combustion. This incinerated ash contains an organic chlorine compound. Also, during the combustion of the refuse 1, exhaust gas and fly ash containing an organic chlorine compound and a sulfur compound are generated from the incineration unit 2.

The exhaust gas and fly ash pass through the exhaust gas treatment device 20 from the filter 11 and are further discharged from the blower 6 through the waste heat recovery device 21 to the outside of the device.

The incinerated ash is heated to an appropriate temperature by the control unit 10 driving the heating means 9 again at an appropriate timing. Therefore, the organochlorine compounds in the incineration ash are also desorbed from the incineration ash and sent to the exhaust gas treatment device 20.

The exhaust gas treatment device 20 includes an electric heater 15
Are disposed, and by turning on the electric heater 15 at an appropriate timing, the organic chlorine compound in the exhaust gas collected in the dust collecting section 3, the organic chlorine compound in the fly ash, or the organic desorbed from the incinerated ash is disposed. Chlorine compounds desorb.
These organic chlorine compounds pass through the decomposition section 5.

In this embodiment, the decomposition section 5 uses cobalt oxide as a catalyst. For this reason, 550 ° C to 80
The catalytic activity can be maintained even in a temperature range of 0 ° C. For this,
The decomposition unit 5 can convert organic chlorine compounds such as dioxins into carbon dioxide gas, water vapor, and the like. Sulfur compounds contained in exhaust gas and the like are subjected to adsorption treatment in the desulfurization unit 4.

That is, the exhaust gas treatment unit 20 is provided with the incineration unit 2
It decomposes organic chlorine compounds contained in exhaust gas generated in the above or in ash and the like, and can also remove sulfur compounds generated at the same time. The exhaust gas from which harmful components such as organic chlorine compounds and sulfur compounds have been removed in the exhaust gas processing section 20 is discharged from the blower 6 through the waste heat recovery device 21.

At this time, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment device 20 includes the hydrochloric acid treatment unit 13. Hydrochloric acid treatment section 1
3 is constituted by an alkali salt absorbing hydrochloric acid. That is, a small amount of hydrochloric acid generated as a result of decomposing the organic chlorine compound in the decomposing section 5 is absorbed by the hydrochloric acid processing section 13. Therefore, the blower 6 is not corroded by the hydrochloric acid, and the hydrochloric acid is not diffused into the atmosphere.

In the present embodiment, the waste heat recovery device 21 is a heat exchange device for converting cold water into hot water as described above. Therefore, most of the amount of heat contained in the exhaust gas that has passed through the waste heat recovery device 21 is recovered. That is, it is consumed for heating the chilled water pipe through which the chilled water constituting the heat exchange device flows. Therefore, the cold water flowing through the cold water pipe becomes hot water, and for example, by supplying this hot water to a water heater (not shown), waste heat can be effectively used.

In the present embodiment, the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced by the waste heat recovery device 21. Therefore, the organic chlorine compound is not resynthesized in the exhaust gas, and the amount of the organic chlorine compound in the exhaust gas can be further reduced.

Hereinafter, the results of an experiment performed to verify the effect of the present embodiment will be reported. In this experiment, chlorobenzene and sulfur dioxide were flowed together with air from the inlet of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 20, the energization conditions of the electric heating heater 15 were adjusted, the temperature of the decomposition catalyst section 5 was changed, and the decomposition rate of chlorobenzene and the carbon dioxide were reduced. It is a measure of sulfur reduction.
The measurement was performed by gas chromatography using FID and FPD as detectors. The space velocity (exhaust gas amount / catalyst volume: SV) is set to 6000 (h ^-1 ). The results of the experiment on the decomposition characteristics of chlorobenzene are shown in Table 1 and the results of the experiment on the absorption characteristics of sulfur dioxide are shown in Table 2.

[0041]

[Table 1]

[0042]

[Table 2]

As can be seen from Table 1, the decomposition catalyst 5
When Kovar oxide was used as the catalyst, it was demonstrated that the catalyst had a decomposition characteristic of 99.9% or more of an organic chlorine compound when the catalyst temperature was set to 600 ° C. At 550 ° C, 75
%, But when the SV is set to about 3,000, a decomposition ability of about 98% is exhibited. Further, as is clear from (Table 2), sulfur dioxide is changed from room temperature to 600 ° C.
Almost 100% removal rate was obtained over the range. This proves that cobalt oxide is hardly poisoned by sulfur dioxide and can maintain the resolution of organochlorine compounds. Similarly, fiber metals other than cobalt oxide are possible. When cerium oxide is used as the catalyst, there is no sulfur dioxide removal performance, but the resolution of the organic chlorine compound is almost the same as that of Kovar oxide. The lack of sulfur dioxide removal performance means that the compound is not poisoned by sulfur compounds, and the resolution of organic chlorine compounds can be maintained over a long period of time. Also,
When a mixture of cerium oxide and calcium carbonate was used as the decomposition catalyst section 5, the same effect as that of Kovar oxide was obtained.

At this time, in the embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment device 20
In this structure, the dust collecting section 3 is arranged on the upstream side of the decomposition catalyst section 5 and the dust collecting section 3 and the decomposition catalyst section 5 can be heated by the electric heat heater 15. As a result, even if the exhaust gas generated from the incineration section 2 contains a large amount of water, stable decomposition characteristics can be maintained. In other words, by controlling the amount of electricity supplied to the electric heating heater 15, the amount of latent heat necessary for evaporating moisture into water vapor can be easily supplied.

The organic chlorinated compounds contained in the fly ash adsorbed by the dust collecting section 3 are heated by the electric heating heater 15 to be removed.
It desorbs from the fly ash and comes into contact with the decomposition catalyst section 5.
For this reason, as described above, even if the exhaust gas generated from the incineration section 2 contains water vapor, stable decomposition characteristics can be maintained.

In the present embodiment, when the temperature of the combustible dust 1 or the incinerated ash is 200 ° C. or less, the temperature detecting means 8 determines that the incineration process in the incineration section 2 is insufficient or has ended. At this time, the heating means 9 is energized to heat the combustible dust 1 or incinerated ash to 100 ° C. or more. At this time, the electric heater 15 provided in the exhaust gas treatment device 20 is also energized. Burnable garbage 1
The organic chlorine compounds contained in the incinerated ash by heating the incinerated ash
It is decomposed into carbon dioxide gas, water vapor, and the like by the decomposition catalyst unit 5 toward the decomposition catalyst unit 5.

In this embodiment, if the temperature in the incineration unit 2 rises too much and exceeds 500 ° C., the control unit 10 not only reduces the combustion amount of the heating means 9 but also increases the air volume of the blower 6, Excessive temperature rise of the incineration unit 2 is suppressed. vice versa,
When the temperature of the incineration unit 2 becomes 200 ° C. or lower, the control unit 10 increases the amount of combustion of the heating means 9, increases the amount of air blown by the blower 6 in a stepwise manner, and maintains a stable incineration capacity of the incineration unit 2. is there.

In the above description, a heat exchanger for converting cold water into hot water is used as the waste heat recovery device 21, but a thermoelectric conversion element is used as the waste heat recovery device 21 in addition to the heat exchanger. It is good also as composition. As the thermoelectric conversion element, a Peltier element having a structure in which dissimilar metals are bonded can be used. The Peltier element generates electric power according to the temperature difference between the high temperature side and the low temperature side by the Seebeck effect. When the generated power is stored in, for example, a battery, it can be effectively used as electric energy.

The feature of the thermoelectric conversion element is that it has no mechanically moving parts, has a long life, has high reliability, and is maintenance-free and can continuously generate electric power.

As conventional thermoelectric materials, chalcogenide compounds and intermetallic compounds have been mainly used, but these materials have problems such as heat resistance, conversion efficiency, toxicity, and use of rare elements. Things. In this regard, in this embodiment, a cobalt-based oxide is used as the thermoelectric conversion element, and these problems can be solved.

When the power of the charged battery is utilized as the power source of the control unit 10, the frequency of replacement of the power source such as a dry battery used in the control unit 10 is extremely reduced. In addition, in the case of this configuration, since power for control can be recovered from waste heat, there is no need for wiring work and there is no restriction on the installation location.

The waste heat recovery device 21 may be a heat exchanger for converting cold air into warm air. With this configuration, it is possible to realize an incinerator that can be heated by warm air and that can effectively use waste heat.

Further, it is also possible to use the waste heat recovery device 21 to heat high-temperature water to generate steam. When the steam is used to rotate the turbine, a generator having a simple configuration can be realized.

[0054]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an incineration section for incinerating garbage, an exhaust gas treatment device for treating exhaust gas generated in the incineration section, and recovery of waste heat in exhaust gas generated in the incineration section. A waste heat recovery device, wherein the exhaust gas treatment device has a decomposer for decomposing organic chlorine compounds in incineration ash or fly ash or exhaust gas, and a desulfurization unit for desulfurizing sulfur oxides. As a result, the temperature of exhaust gas can be lowered,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an incinerator capable of further reducing the amount of an organic chlorine compound contained in exhaust gas.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the exhaust gas treatment device has a dust collecting portion for collecting fly ash and a catalyst portion for decomposing the organic chlorine compound, so that the waste heat can be effectively used and the exhaust gas can be effectively used. It is intended to realize an incinerator capable of decomposing organic chlorine compounds therein.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the decomposing section has a hydrochloric acid treating section for treating hydrochloric acid, and can neutralize a small amount of hydrochloric acid formed after decomposing the organic chlorine compound. It is intended to realize an incinerator that can prevent emission.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the waste heat recovery device is configured as a thermoelectric conversion element, and the thermoelectric conversion element can generate electric power according to the temperature of the waste heat, and the electric power can be used effectively. It implements the device.

The invention described in claim 5 realizes an incinerator in which the output of the thermoelectric conversion element is used as the driving power of the control unit, for example, the frequency of replacement of a battery which is a power supply of the control unit can be reduced. is there.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the waste heat recovery apparatus is configured as a heat exchanger for converting cold water into hot water, and the hot water obtained by the heat exchanger can be used, and the waste heat can be effectively utilized. It implements the device.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the waste heat recovery device, a heat exchanger for converting cold air into hot air is provided.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an incinerator that can use warm air obtained by a heat exchanger and can effectively use waste heat.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, steam is generated by using a waste heat recovery device. For example, power can be generated by using the generated steam, and waste heat can be effectively used. This is to realize an incinerator.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of an incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Garbage 2 Incineration part 3 Dust collection part 4 Desulfurization part 5 Decomposition catalyst part 6 Blower 7 Grid 8 Temperature detection means 9 Heating means 10 Control part 11 Filter 13 Hydrochloric acid treatment part 15 Heating means 20 Exhaust gas treatment device 21 Waste heat recovery device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F23G 5/46 B01D 53/34 134A F23J 15/00 B09B 3/00 303L // H02N 11/00 F23J 15 / 00 B H (72) Inventor Junichi Naoma 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Inside Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 3K062 AA18 AB01 AC01 3K065 AA18 AB01 AC01 BA05 JA05 JA14 JA18 3K070 DA03 DA05 DA22 DA23 DA25 DA58 4D002 AA02 AA19 AA21 AC04 BA03 BA04 BA05 BA06 BA12 BA13 BA14 CA07 CA13 DA01 EA02 4D004 AA34 CA07CB22 CA27CB

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An incinerator for incinerating garbage, an exhaust gas treatment device for treating exhaust gas generated in the incinerator, and a waste heat recovery device for recovering waste heat in the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator. The incinerator has a decomposing unit for decomposing incinerated ash or fly ash or an organic chlorine compound in exhaust gas, and a desulfurizing unit for desulfurizing sulfur oxides. 2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas treatment device has a dust collecting portion for collecting fly ash and a catalyst portion for decomposing the organic chlorine compound. 3. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the decomposition section has a hydrochloric acid treatment section for treating hydrochloric acid. 4. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery device is a thermoelectric conversion element. 5. The incinerator according to claim 4, wherein an output of the thermoelectric conversion element is used as drive power for the control unit. 6. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery device is a heat exchanger that converts cold water into hot water. 7. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recovery device is a heat exchanger that converts cold air into hot air. 8. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein steam is generated by using a waste heat recovery device.