JP2002313408A - Battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To commercialize a battery using liquid and gas as active materials. SOLUTION: The inside of a closed container 5 is divided into a reservoir 51A for reserving the electrolyte 4A of a chemical battery cell 1A and a reservoir 51B for reserving the positive electrode active material solution 4B of the chemical battery cell 1B through a partition 6. The partition 6 is formed in a double structure comprising partition walls 2A and 2B electrically conducted to each other. The partition walls 2A and 2B are formed of porous catalyst and ions in the electrolyte 4A are temporarily gasified in a battery reaction to allow the ions to pass through the partition walls 2A and 2B so that the ions can be moved from the reservoir 51A to the reservoir 51B. A communication part 62 allowing both reservoirs 51A and 51B to communicate with the inside 61 of the partition is provided over the partition 6 to lead the gas diffused in the electrolyte 4A to the inside 61 of the partition through the communication part 62 without being produced on the partition wall 2A and being passed through the inside of the partition wall 2A so as to prevent the electrolyte 4A from being leaked due to a reduction in pressure on the inside 61 of the partition.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a battery, and more particularly, to a chemical battery using a liquid or gaseous active material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A chemical battery is a battery in which a pair of positive and negative active materials are brought into contact with an electrolytic solution, and the battery reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction of a positive electrode and a negative electrode active material. As a chemical battery, a lead storage battery used as a vehicle-mounted battery is well known. In this method, dilute sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO _{4 (aq)} ) is used as an electrolytic solution, lead dioxide (PbO ₂ ) is used as a positive electrode active material, and lead (Pb) is used as a negative electrode active material. Are also solid.

[0003] Depending on the battery, the active material may be liquid or gas in addition to solid. Among those using a liquid as an active material, there is a Daniel battery. This is because dilute sulfuric acid (H ₂ S
O _{4 ( aq)} ) and a copper sulfate solution (Cu
SO _{4 (aq)} ). The negative electrode active material is solid zinc (Zn).

A battery using a gas as an active material includes a high-pressure nickel-metal hydride storage battery. In this method, a potassium hydroxide solution (KOH _(aq) ) is used as an electrolyte, and hydrogen gas (H _{2 (g)} ) as a negative electrode active material is absorbed by a platinum (Pt) catalyst electrode as a negative electrode. I have. The positive electrode active material is solid nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH).

[0005] By the way, what is widely used at present is one in which the active material is solid in both positive and negative electrodes as in the above-mentioned lead-acid battery. The reason is that, in the case where the active material is a liquid like the above-described Daniel battery, the purpose is to separate the electrolyte and the active material, both of which are liquid, and to pass only specific ions during charge and discharge. Although a separator is provided, there is nothing that sufficiently fulfills this purpose. For example, an unglazed ceramic pottery is known as a separator for a Daniel battery.
₂ SO _{4 (aq)} ) and the positive electrode active material solution (Cu SO _{4 (aq)} ) are mixed to cause a self-discharge.

In the case where the active material is a gas, such as the above-mentioned high-pressure nickel-hydrogen storage battery, a safe pressure-resistant container or a hydrogen storage alloy for storing a gas such as hydrogen as the active material is required, and it is inexpensive and simple. It is difficult to make a battery having such a configuration, and there are many batteries that are not versatile.

Therefore, the inventor has proposed the following battery as a battery in which the active material is a liquid or a gas and does not have the above-mentioned problems (Japanese Patent No. 2956027). This battery is composed of two types of chemical battery cells. The first chemical battery cell has a positive electrode composed of a first catalyst that reduces ions in an electrolytic solution to gasify the second chemical battery cell. Discloses a method in which the negative electrode is composed of a second catalyst that absorbs the gas released from the positive electrode, oxidizes and ionizes the gas, and uses the gas as a negative electrode active material. A closed chamber is provided in which the gas release surface of the positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell and the gas absorbing surface of the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell are part of the wall surface. The positive electrode of the cell and the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell are electrically connected to connect the two chemical battery cells in series. The negative electrode of the first chemical battery cell and the positive electrode of the second chemical battery cell are electrodes for discharging or charging.
As described above, the ions in the electrolyte of the first chemical battery cell substantially move into the electrolyte or the like of the second chemical battery cell via the closed chamber, as in the example of the Daniel battery. This avoids self-discharge, in which both electrolytes are mixed.

As a more specific structure, the closed container is divided into three chambers in the left-right direction by a plate-shaped porous catalyst that serves as a positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell and a negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell. The center chamber is the closed chamber, and the chambers on both sides are filled with the electrolytic solution or the negative electrode active material solution and are immersed in an active material to be a positive electrode or a negative electrode. In this structure, the partition for separating the electrolytic solution of the first chemical battery cell and the electrolytic solution of the second chemical battery cell and the like can be the positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell and the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell. So
It is possible to sufficiently secure the area of the electrode that comes into contact with the electrolytic solution or the like while making the battery shape thin without taking up the occupied area.

[0009]

However, in this structure, for example, in the case of discharge, all gases generated at the positive electrode, which is a porous catalyst in the first chemical battery cell, pass through the positive electrode to the closed chamber. The gas generated on the surface of the positive electrode that comes into contact with the electrolyte is diffused into the electrolyte as bubbles without being absorbed inside the positive electrode. The same amount of charge transfer occurs in both battery cells connected in series, and gasification of ions in the first chemical battery cell and re-ionization of gas in the second chemical battery cell correspond to the amount of charge transfer. As the discharge proceeds, the gas supply in the closed chamber becomes insufficient and the pressure decreases as the discharge proceeds, and the pressure in the chamber filled with the electrolyte of the first chemical battery cell increases, and the electrolyte leaks into the closed chamber. Along with
The remaining capacity of the battery may be reduced by the amount of leakage. During charging, the reverse reaction takes place during discharging.
The electrolyte or the like leaks from the chamber of the chemical battery cell filled with the electrolyte or the like into the closed chamber.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery in which the active material is a liquid or a gas and which can prevent leakage of an electrolytic solution or the like.

[0011]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery having first and second chemical battery cells, wherein the inside of a closed container formed of an insulating material is divided into two sides by a partition. The partition is divided into tanks, and the partition has a double structure having a partition on the first tank side and a partition on the second tank side. Forming a communication portion that communicates with the inside, wherein the first chemical battery cell is
The electrolyte filled in the first tank so that the liquid level is lower than the communication section, and the ions in the electrolyte are reduced by reducing all or a part of the partition on the first tank side. A positive electrode composed of the first porous catalyst to be gasified, and a negative electrode immersed in the electrolytic solution, wherein the second chemical battery cell has a liquid level lower than the communication part. And the second solution, which absorbs and oxidizes and ionizes the electrolyte or positive electrode active material solution filled in the second tank and the gas discharged from the positive electrode, which is all or a part of the partition on the second tank side. And a positive electrode immersed in the electrolytic solution, wherein the gas is used as a negative electrode active material, and the positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell and the second chemical battery cell The first chemical battery cell is connected to the negative electrode of the first The negative electrode and the positive electrode and the discharge or electrodes for charging the second chemical battery cell.

In the first chemical battery cell, a gas is generated from the positive electrode by the battery reaction, and in the second chemical battery cell, the gas uses the gas as a negative electrode active material in the battery reaction. The electromotive force extracted from the battery of the present invention is given as the sum of the electromotive forces of both chemical battery cells.

Due to the battery reaction, ions in the electrolyte of the first electrochemical cell substantially move from the first chemical battery cell to the second chemical battery cell. Since the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell is absorbed by the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell, the electrolytic solution of the first chemical battery cell does not mix with the electrolytic solution of the second chemical battery cell or the positive electrode active material solution. Also the second
In the above chemical battery cell, a gas serving as a negative electrode active material is supplied from the first chemical battery cell, so that a high-pressure container for storing the gas is not required.

In addition, of the gases generated at the positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell at the time of discharge, for example, a gas generated at the surface of the positive electrode in contact with the electrolytic solution and diffused into the electrolytic solution without being absorbed inside the positive electrode Even if there is a gas, the gas can escape from the liquid surface of the electrolyte and move into the partition through the communication part of the partition, so that the gas supply amount from the first chemical battery cell to the inside of the partition and the second chemical battery The gas consumption in the cell is balanced. As a result, it is possible to prevent the electrolyte solution of the first chemical battery cell from leaking into the partition due to a decrease in the partition internal pressure.

On the other hand, also at the time of charging in which the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction to the time of discharging, similarly, it occurs at the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell and diffuses into the electrolyte or the positive electrode active material of the second chemical battery cell. Even if gas is present, the gas can be moved to the inside of the partition through the communicating portion, so that shortage of the gas inside the partition is avoided. Further, it is possible to prevent the electrolyte solution or the positive electrode active material of the second chemical battery cell from leaking into the partition due to a decrease in the pressure inside the partition.

Further, by preventing such leakage, the remaining capacity of the battery is not reduced.

[0017]

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 shows a battery of the present invention. This battery comprises a first chemical battery cell 1A and a second
And the chemical battery cell 1B are integrally configured by a rectangular casing 5 serving as a closed container. The casing 5 is made of an acid- and alkali-resistant electric insulating resin as an insulating material, and has a substantially closed structure. The inside of the casing 5 is divided by a partition 6, and two tanks 51A and 51B are formed on the left and right.

The partition 6 is a partition wall 2 on the side of the first tank 51A which is erected from the bottom wall surface 501 and is arranged in parallel at a distance.
A and step portions 502A, 502 formed on the inner wall surface of the casing 5 in a double structure of A and the partition 2B on the second tank 51B side.
B, the partition 2A and the partition 2B are electrically conductive members 7 to be described later.
Are arranged so as to be sandwiched in close contact with each other. Steps 502A, 5
02B is formed in a U-shape on the bottom wall surface 501 and the side wall surface (not shown) of the casing 5 so as to contact the three sides of the partition walls 2A and 2B.

The partition walls 2A and 2B have a clearance between the wall surface 504 of the ceiling wall 503 of the casing 5 and a portion between the partition walls 2A and 2B and the wall surface 504 of the casing ceiling wall. A communication section 62 for communicating the tanks 51A and 51B with each other.

Each of the partition walls 2A and 2B has a plate-shaped porous conductor made of nickel, carbon or the like and a redox catalyst layer made of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru) or the like. The formed porous catalyst becomes one electrode of the chemical battery cells 1A and 1B, respectively. Partition wall 2
A is the positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell 1A (hereinafter referred to as the first
The cell 2B is a negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell 1B (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as a second cell negative electrode).
2B.

In the tank 51A, a negative electrode 3A of the first chemical battery cell 1A (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as a first cell negative electrode) 3A is
A is stored at an interval from A. The negative electrode 3A is made of zinc (Zn
) Is a negative electrode active material of the first chemical battery cell 1A. The negative electrode 3A is also placed vertically, and the bar-shaped portion 32A extends upward from the upper end surface of the flat plate portion 31A, and penetrates the casing ceiling wall 503 and protrudes outside the casing 5. The protruding portion of the rod portion 32A becomes the negative terminal 321A of this battery.

In the tank 51B, a positive electrode (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as a second cell positive electrode) 3B of the second chemical battery cell 1B is provided with a negative electrode 2B.
B is stored at an interval. The positive electrode 3B is a vertically placed copper (Cu) member having substantially the same shape as the first cell negative electrode 3A, and has a rod-shaped portion 32B extending upward from the upper end surface of the flat plate portion 31B. 5 protrudes outside. The protruding portion of the rod-shaped portion 32B becomes the terminal 321B on the positive side of this battery.

Dilute sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO _{4 (aq)} ) is injected into the first tank 51A as an electrolyte 4A from an electrolyte inlet _{(not shown)} . The electrolytic solution 4A has a liquid surface 401A whose first cell positive electrode 2
The injection amount is set so as to be lower than the upper end 201A of A. On the other hand, a copper sulfate solution (Cu SO _{4 (aq)} ) is injected into the tank 51B as a positive electrode active material solution 4B from an injection port _{(not shown)} . The injection amount of the positive electrode active material solution 4B is set so that the liquid level 401B is lower than the upper end 201B of the second cell negative electrode 2B. An inlet for injecting the electrolytic solution 4A and the positive electrode active material solution 4B can be closed by a cover member (not shown), and airtightness is maintained.

A space 511A above the liquid surface 4A of the electrolyte in the first tank 51A and a space 511B above the liquid surface 4B of the positive electrode active material solution in the second tank 51B are formed inside the partition 6A.
1 is always communicated via the communicating portion 62 to form a continuous substantially T-shaped space. After the electrolyte 4A and the positive electrode active material solution 4B are injected, the space is filled with a hydrogen gas to replace the air with hydrogen. do.

Between the first cell positive electrode 2A and the second cell negative electrode 2B, a conductive member 7 formed by bending a conductive band-shaped member such as copper (Cu) or iron (Fe) into a U-shape is provided at the bottom of the casing. Wall 5
01 and side walls (not shown).
The cell positive electrode 2A and the second cell negative electrode 2B are electrically connected. Thereby, both chemical battery cells 1A and 1B are connected in series.

The operation of the battery will be described. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the battery for explaining the battery reaction in the battery. The first chemical battery cell 1A has the same configuration as a so-called voltaic battery, and Zn _(s) of the negative electrode 3A has a negative charge. It is released and becomes Zn ²⁺ and elutes in the electrolytic solution 4A. Therefore, H ₃ O ⁺ in the electrolytic solution 4A moves to the positive electrode 2A and is reduced by the catalytic action to become H _{2 (g)} , passes through the pores of the positive electrode 2A, and faces the second cell negative electrode 2B at the surface 202A. Released from In particular, the surface 20 of the positive electrode 2A in contact with the electrolyte 4A
Some H _{2 (g)} generated in 3A does not diffuse into the porous positive electrode 2A but diffuses into the electrolytic solution 4A.
This emerges from the electrolyte level 401A, and the space 51 above it.
From 1A, it enters into the partition interior 61 via the partition communication part 62. The reaction in the first chemical battery cell 1A is represented by equation (1).
The left arrow indicates the reaction during charging. same as below). By this reaction, the positive and negative electrodes 2A, 3 of the first chemical battery cell 1A
The electromotive force generated between A is known from the standard electrode potential, etc.
It becomes 0.763V.

[0027]

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On the other hand, in the second chemical battery cell 1B, the first
H _{2 (g)} generated in the cell positive electrode 2A and moved to the inside of the partition 61 reaches the negative electrode 2B, is oxidized on the pore surface thereof, becomes H ₃ O ⁺ again, and becomes positive electrode active material solution 4B (Cu).
SO 4 blend in _(aq)) and the reaction for generating the (H ₃ O ⁺ is H _{2 (g} by emitting positive charges in the positive electrode _2A), H 2 _(g) is oxidized in the negative electrode 2B (positive The reaction to obtain H ₃ O ⁺ again is a reversible reaction because the first cell positive electrode 2A and negative electrode 2B are electrically connected by the conductive member 7).

Since the element Cu is more stable in the metal state at normal temperature, H ₃ O ⁺ is generated in the negative electrode 2B, so that the positive electrode active material solution 4B (Cu SO 4
_{4 (aq)} ) Cu ²⁺ is deposited as metal Cu on the positive electrode 3B. That is, the reaction of the formula (2) proceeds in the second chemical battery cell 1B.

[0030]

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The electromotive force generated between the positive and negative electrodes 2B and 3B by this reaction is 0.347V.

Thus, for the entire battery, 1.11 V is obtained as the sum of the electromotive forces generated by the first and second chemical battery cells 1A and 1B.

Here, Equations (1) and (2) are rearranged into Equation (3).

[0034]

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This is a battery reaction of a conventional Daniel battery in which Zn _(s) elutes at the negative electrode and Cu _(s) precipitates at the positive electrode. H _{2 (g)} is generated from H ₃ O ⁺ and again H _{3 (g)} is generated.
The configuration centered on the two electrodes 2A and 2B for returning to O ⁺ functions as a separator in the Daniel battery. However, in the conventional Daniel battery separator made of unglazed pottery or the like, the H ₂ SO _{4 (aq) as the} electrolyte and the Cu SO _{4 (aq) as the} positive electrode active material solution are mixed, whereas the first is as follows. Only specific ions (H ⁺ (H ₃ O ⁺ ions in the solution)) of the electrolytic solution 4A of the chemical battery cell 1A are gasified once and the Cu 2 SO 4 which is the positive electrode active material solution 4B of the second chemical battery cell 1B
_{4 (aq)} , and there is no problem that self-discharge is caused by mixing of the electrolyte solution and the positive electrode active material solution unlike the conventional Daniel battery.

When charging, by applying a voltage of 1.11 V or more with the positive terminal 321B being positive between the positive and negative terminals 321A and 321B of the battery, the leftward direction of the equations (1) and (2) can be obtained. The reaction indicated by the arrow proceeds, and the first and second chemical battery cells 1A and 1B are both charged.
In this case, the surface 202B of the second cell negative electrode 2B facing the first cell positive electrode 2A becomes the H _{2 (g)} emission surface, and the surface 202A of the first cell positive electrode 2A facing the second cell negative electrode 2B is formed. H
_{2 (g)} absorption surface.

Also, in response to a demand for a thin battery in the shape of a partition, if the direction of thinning is set in the direction opposite to the electrodes 2A and 2B, the area of the electrodes 2A and 2B can be secured. The contact area between the electrolyte 4A and the positive electrode active material 4B is sufficient and a high current value can be obtained.

Further, at the time of discharging, the first cell positive electrode 2
In A, H ₃ O ⁺ ions are gasified to generate H _{2 (g),} but this H _{2 (g)} is not necessarily completely formed in the first cell positive electrode 2A.
It does not mean that it penetrates the inside and moves to the partition inside 61. As described above, a part of the H _{2 (g)} generated particularly on the surface 203A of the first cell positive electrode 2A on the side of the electrolytic solution 4A is removed by the electrolytic solution 4A.
It diffuses in, moves upward in the electrolytic solution 4A as bubbles, and reaches the electrolytic solution surface 401A. This H
_{If 2 (g)} stays in the first tank 51A as it is,
Causes the following problems:

That is, both the chemical battery cells 1A and 1B are connected in series by the conductive member 7, and the first cell positive electrode 2
Since the amount of electrons received by the reduction (gasification) of H ₃ O ⁺ ions in A must be equal to the amount of electrons emitted by the oxidation (ionization ₎ of H _{2 (g)} in the second cell negative electrode 2B. by H _{2 (g)} is retained in the first tank 51A, correspondingly, H _{2 (g)} come decrease in the partition inside 61. Thereby, when the discharge proceeds, the first tank 51A
Inside, the pressure increases, and inside the partition 61, the pressure decreases. As a result, when a pressure difference exceeding the allowable osmotic pressure defined by the diameter of the pores of the first cell positive electrode 2A or the like occurs, the first
The electrolyte 4A in the tank 51A leaks into the partition interior 61.

On the other hand, in the present battery, the first cell positive electrode 2
H that moves upward in the electrolytic solution 4A without passing through A
_{2 (g)} is a space 511 immediately below the casing ceiling wall 503A.
It moves from A to the partition interior 61 through the partition communication part 62. As a result, H _{2 (g)} reaching electrolyte level 401A
Is absorbed in the second cell negative electrode 2B as the negative electrode active material of the second battery cell 1B without staying in the first tank 51A. Therefore, the pressure inside the partition 61 and the pressure in the first tank 51 maintain a substantially constant value, and the electrolyte 4A
1 can be prevented from leaking.

On the other hand, at the time of charging, the partition communication portion 62
Does not have the structure, after the H ₃ O ⁺ ions in the positive electrode active material solution 4B of the second battery cell 1B are gasified at the negative electrode 2B, a part does not pass through the negative electrode 2B and the positive electrode active material solution H2 _(g) is diffused into the positive electrode active material solution 4B from the surface 203B in contact with 4B, and stays in the second tank 51B. As a result, the pressure in the partition 61 decreases and the pressure in the second tank 51B increases, so that the positive electrode active material solution 4B leaks into the partition 61. On the other hand, in the present battery, since the partition 6 has the communication portion 62, the positive electrode active material solution 4 </ b> B
The H _{2 (g)} that has reached B moves into the partition interior 61 without staying in the second tank 51B, and is absorbed by the first cell positive electrode 2A. Therefore, the partition interior 61 and the second tank 5
1B maintains a substantially constant value, and the positive electrode active material solution 4B
Can be prevented from leaking into the partition interior 61.

As described above, the electrolyte 4A, the positive electrode active material 4B
By preventing the leakage of the battery, it is possible to prevent the remaining capacity of the battery from being reduced.

The partition 6 forms the rectangular communicating portion 62 by making the first cell positive electrode 2A and the second cell negative electrode 2B at a height that does not reach the casing ceiling wall wall surface 504. It is not limited, and the first cell positive electrode 2A and the second cell negative electrode 2B are
04, and the casing ceiling wall surface 504
A through-hole may be formed at a position directly below the opening to form a communicating portion.

The partition walls are entirely made of a porous catalyst. The partition walls are formed by fitting a plate-like porous catalyst inside a frame-shaped frame made of a different material from the porous catalyst. It is also good. In this case, the communication part can be realized by forming a through hole or a notch in the upper side of the frame.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second battery according to the present invention. In FIG. 3, those having substantially the same functions as those in FIGS. The following description focuses on the differences from the first embodiment. This battery has the same shape as that of FIG. 1, and differs mainly in the active material and the electrolyte. The positive electrode 3C of the second chemical battery cell 1C is a positive electrode active material of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH). KOH _(aq) is used as the electrolyte 4C. Therefore, the casing 5C is made of an acid- and alkali-resistant material.

In this battery, Ni OOH, which is the positive electrode active material of the second cell positive electrode 3C, releases a positive charge and undergoes a hydrolysis reaction to elute into the electrolyte 4C. Negative electrode 2B in contact with electrolyte 4C
On the surface 203B, H _{2 (g)} generated in the first chemical battery cell 1A reacts with OH ⁻ to become H ₂ O and is absorbed, and the battery reaction indicated by the rightward arrow in equation (4) proceeds. By this reaction, the positive and negative electrodes 2B, 3 of the second chemical battery cell 1C
An electromotive force of about 1.35 V is generated between C.

[0047]

Embedded image

Thus, in the whole battery, 2.11 V is obtained as the sum of the electromotive forces generated by the first and second chemical battery cells 1A and 1C. In the case of charging, by applying a voltage of 2.11 V or more with the positive electrode 3C being positive between the positive and negative electrodes 3A and 3C of the battery, the reaction of the left-pointing arrows in the equations (1) and (4) proceeds. The first and second chemical battery cells 1A, 1C are both charged.

The second chemical battery cell 1C has the same configuration as the high-pressure nickel-metal hydride storage battery described above. In the battery of the present invention, H _{2 (g) serving} as the negative electrode active material in the high-pressure nickel-metal hydride storage battery is the first chemical battery cell 1.
A, H _{2 (g)} which is generated by the battery reaction in the second chemical battery cell and is equivalent to the generated H _{2 (g)} .
Since it is absorbed by the negative electrode 2B of C, a special member such as a high-pressure container for storing H _{2 (g)} is not required. That is, the battery of the present invention can be said to be a battery in which the versatility of the conventional nickel-metal hydride storage battery is enhanced.

Although the negative electrode 3A in the first chemical battery cell 1A is made of Zn, it may be made of iron (Fe). In this case, the electromotive force in the first chemical battery cell 1A is 0.4
Since it is 4 V, an electromotive force of 1.79 V is obtained for the entire battery in combination with the second chemical battery cell 1C.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a third battery of the present invention. In the figure, components having substantially the same functions as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a description will be given focusing on differences from the first embodiment. A rod-shaped electrode 8 serving as a conductive member protrudes from an upper surface of the conductive member 7, and extends upward in the partition 61. The upper end of the electrode 8 penetrates through the ceiling wall 503 of the casing 5 and protrudes above the casing 5. The protruding portion serves as a charging terminal 81 used only during charging.

In each of the above embodiments, as described above, charging is performed by applying a voltage between the terminal 321A and the terminal 321B. Here, the applied voltage at the time of charging is V, the current at that time is I, the two electrodes 2A, 3A of the first chemical battery cell 1A.
Assuming that the internal resistance between A is r1 and the internal resistance between both electrodes 2B and 3B of the second chemical battery cell 1B is r2, V = (r1 +
r2) × I. Therefore, the first necessary for charging
The voltage to be applied between the electrodes 2A and 3A of the chemical battery cell 1A is V1, the electrodes 2B and 3B of the second chemical battery cell 1B are
Assuming that the voltage to be applied between B is V2, V1 = V × r1 / (r1 + r2) V2 = V × r2 / (r1 + r2)

The internal resistances r 1 and r 2 are determined by the chemical battery cell 1
Since the value is determined by the combination of the battery materials (the types and amounts of the negative electrode active material, the electrolytic solution, and the positive electrode active material) constituting A and 1B, the second resistance depends on the value of the internal resistance r1 or the internal resistance r2. Of the first chemical battery cell 1A even though the voltage V2 in the
In some cases, the voltage V1 does not reach the voltage required for charging. Conversely, the voltage V2 in the second chemical battery cell 1B
May not reach the voltage required for charging. Assuming that the applied voltage V is sufficient, the applied voltage V1, V2 is too high in either of the chemical battery cells 1A, 1B, and the electrolysis for generating hydrogen and oxygen proceeds. This electrolysis does not work such that the gas generated in one of the chemical battery cells 1A (1B) is absorbed by the other chemical battery cell 1B (1A) as in the battery of the present invention. The pressure may rise excessively and damage the casing 5.

According to the present embodiment, by providing the charging terminal 81, the terminal 321A and the charging terminal 81
, And between the terminal 321B and the charging terminal 81. Therefore, an appropriate voltage can be applied to each of the chemical battery cells 1A and 1B. When designing the battery, it is not necessary to consider the proper combination of the applied voltage and the internal resistance at the time of charging the first and second chemical battery cells 1A and 1B, so that the battery material (the negative electrode) constituting the chemical battery cells 1A and 1B is not required. The degree of freedom of the combination of the active material, the electrolytic solution, and the positive electrode active material is increased.

The configuration provided with the charging electrode 8 of the present embodiment can also be applied to the battery of Japanese Patent No. 2956027.

The combination of the active material and the electrolytic solution of the chemical battery cell is not limited to those described in each of the above embodiments, and may be any combination as long as the purpose of the present invention is not contradicted. FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of a first chemical battery cell that generates hydrogen, a battery reaction formula thereof, and a generated voltage. FIG. 6 shows hydrogen that can be combined with the first chemical battery cell that generates hydrogen. The structural example of the 2nd chemical battery cell used as a negative electrode active material, its battery reaction formula, and generated voltage are shown.

The porous catalyst used for the positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell and the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell are not limited to those of the present embodiment, and are optional as long as they do not contradict the spirit of the present invention. Further, the catalyst of the first chemical battery cell and the catalyst of the second chemical battery cell may have different configurations.

The batteries of the above embodiments may be configured so that a plurality of the batteries are connected in series to extract a high voltage.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view of a first battery of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first battery of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second battery of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third battery of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a first diagram showing a list of configurations of another battery of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a second diagram showing a list of the configuration of another battery according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1A First chemical battery cell 1B, 1C Second chemical battery cell 2A Positive electrode (partition wall) 2B Negative electrode (partition wall) 3B, 3C Positive electrode 3A Negative electrode 4A, 4C Electrolytic solution 4B Positive electrode active material solution 5, 5C Casing (closed container body) ) 51A, 51B tank 6 partition 61 inside 62 communicating part 7 conductive member

Continued on the front page F term (reference) 5H028 AA06 AA07 AA08 BB15 CC04 CC08 CC26 5H032 AS04 AS12 BB01 BB07 BB08 CC02 HH05

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A battery having first and second chemical battery cells, wherein the inside of a sealed container formed of an insulating material is divided into two tanks on the left and right by a partition, In addition to a double structure having a partition wall on the tank side and a partition wall on the second tank side, a communication part communicating between the inside of the partition sandwiched by both partition walls and the inside of both tanks is formed on the upper part thereof. (1) The electrolytic cell filled in the first tank so that the liquid level is lower than the communication part,
A positive electrode composed of a first porous catalyst that reduces or gasifies ions in the electrolytic solution by being all or a part of the partition wall on the tank side, and a negative electrode immersed in the electrolytic solution. The second chemical battery cell comprises: an electrolytic solution or a positive electrode active material solution filled in a second tank such that the liquid level is lower than the communication portion; and all or a part of the partition on the second tank side. A negative electrode comprising a second porous catalyst, which is part and absorbs and oxidizes and ionizes gas released from the positive electrode,
The gas is used as a negative electrode active material, and the positive electrode of the first chemical battery cell and the negative electrode of the second chemical battery cell are electrically connected to each other. A battery wherein battery cells are connected in series, and a negative electrode of the first chemical battery cell and a positive electrode of the second chemical battery cell are used as electrodes for discharging or charging.