JP2002305841A - Surplus power control system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an surplus power control system having much energy saving and high reliability, capable of stably supplying electric power or electric energy required by power users to the power users by making an electric power supply company positively ensure the electric power or electric energy from a power generating company while making the effective use of waste heat generated at the facilities of the power generating company. SOLUTION: This system includes a temperature difference battery unit 15 which can convert the heat generated at the power generating facilities 11 of the power generating company (10) into electric energy for storage and perform discharging to a transmission network 1. Charging and discharging of the temperature difference battery unit 15 are controlled according to a demand-to-supply balance between power supply by the power generating company and power use by the user 20. As a result of this control, the problems of excess or shortage of surplus power supply are resolved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric power company that purchases surplus power of a power generation company and supplies the purchased power directly from the power generation company to a power user using a transmission network of a power company. A surplus power management system applied to a so-called power retail business.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the development of the human society, the mass production and distribution of the information industry and related living goods have been expanded, the manufacture and spread of various electronic devices, the commerce has become more active, the transportation system has become more sophisticated, Activities such as expansion and production and distribution, such as distribution of food on a global scale, have become particularly prominent. Along with this, the diversification of power and energy usage forms and the drastic increase in usage have occurred.

On the other hand, in the current energy system centered on fossil fuels, the depletion of the remaining reserves of fossil fuels has been exhausted, and the pollution of the earth by exhaust gas and waste has been concerned. Environmental conservation and effective use of energy have come to be called out.

[0004] The diversification and increase in the use of energy, mainly electric power, accompanying the development of human society are expected to continue in the future.
It goes without saying that effective use of energy will naturally become an increasingly important issue.

Under these circumstances, various types of energy supply systems, such as electric power and gas, have been provided, and various types of energy supply systems have been provided, and energy use prices have been reduced. In order to build an energy supply system, regulations on the energy industry, such as electricity and gas, were eased, and liberalization began.

With respect to the liberalization of the electric power business, a new electric power company (hereinafter, referred to as a power company) as well as a new electric power user (hereinafter, referred to as a consumer) is provided for the purpose of supplying electric power to power users. An enterprise, that is, a specific-scale electric enterprise (hereinafter, referred to as an electric enterprise) performs an electric power sales business.

[0007]

However, a large number of various types and large-scale power plants such as a nuclear power plant, a thermal power plant, and a hydroelectric power plant are possessed, and the power consumption of each customer is changed. Unlike electric power companies, which do not need to adjust the amount of power generated in each case, electric utilities that have a limited number of power plants or only receive power from contracted power companies without owning power plants In the case of (1), the power or amount of electricity required by the customer is estimated, and adjustments are made from time to time in order to supply the customer with the power or amount of electricity that matches this from their own power plant or contract power generation company. Must be implemented.

[0008] Because, if an excessive amount of electric power or electric power is generated in order to secure the estimated required electric power or the estimated required electric energy of the consumer, the problem is not only rejected to the worldwide problem of effective use of energy but also profitable. The continuity of the business is difficult due to the lack of security.

On the other hand, in a system in which the estimated required electric power or the estimated required electric power amount of the customer is supplied to a marginal amount of electric power or electric power amount, if the weather condition such as an unexpected rise or fall in temperature or the entertainment is changed. If an unexpected situation occurs, such as an unexpected concentration of interest, the amount of power required by the consumer may increase, leading to a shortage of supply.

In this case, if the power supply from the power generation company to the customer is performed by renting the power transmission network of the entrusted power company, the power owned by the power company naturally flows through the power transmission network. As a result, the amount of electricity or the amount of electricity that has become insufficient is automatically supplied by the electric power company, and although there is no problem for consumers, the electric power company requires a large amount of compensation from the electric power company. Would. In this case, there is a risk that the utility will be unable to continue business due to unprofitability.

Therefore, the electric power company owns a generator that satisfies the expected required power or the total amount of required power of each customer who has contracted, or contracts with the power company to obtain the required power or the required power. By securing the required amount of power, it is necessary to build a supply system that satisfies the demands of consumers.

[0012] Conventionally, due to legal restrictions, power supply to consumers is performed exclusively by some limited power generation companies. These generators have built and owned a number of power plants that can generate significantly more power than the contracted customers use. However, at present, there is no technology capable of precisely responding to the power consumption and the power consumption of the customer.

[0013] From the viewpoint of effective energy utilization, power generation systems utilizing natural energy such as solar power generation, wind power generation, and wave power generation have also been vigorously developed. Although improvements have been made, the waste heat generated reliably in human social activities, especially low-temperature waste heat of 200 ° C or lower, is only partially used for hot water supply and heating, etc. It was the current situation.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances.
The purpose is to ensure that the electric utility secures the power or amount of electricity required by the power user from the power producer while effectively utilizing the waste heat generated at the facilities of the power producer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surplus power management system that can stably supply power to a vehicle and has excellent energy saving and reliability.

[0015]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a surplus power management system which converts heat generated in a power generation facility of a power generation company into electric energy, stores the electric energy, and discharges the electric energy to a power transmission network. And control means for controlling the discharge of the power storage means in accordance with the supply and demand balance between the power supply of the power producer and the power use of the power user.

In the surplus power management system according to the second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the power storage means is limited to a temperature difference battery.

A surplus power management system according to a third aspect of the present invention is the same as the first aspect, except that the control means is limited. The control means has means for discharging the power storage means when the power supply amount of the power generation company becomes insufficient with respect to the power usage amount of the power user.

A surplus power management system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is a surplus power management system that converts heat generated in a power generation facility of a power generation company into electric energy and stores the same, and also allows the surplus power to be charged and discharged to a power transmission network. And control means for controlling charging and discharging of the power storage means in accordance with the supply and demand balance between the power supply of the power producer and the power usage of the power user.

In a surplus power management system according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the power storage means and the control means are limited in the fourth aspect of the invention. The power storage means includes a temperature difference battery that converts heat generated by the power generation equipment into electric energy and stores the converted energy, a converter that converts surplus power into DC and outputs the converted power as charging power for the temperature difference battery, and a voltage of the temperature difference battery. And an inverter that converts the AC power to AC power, and sends the output of the inverter to the power transmission network. The control means
Means are provided for operating the converter during charging and operating the inverter during discharging.

A surplus power management system according to a sixth aspect of the present invention includes a temperature difference battery for converting heat generated in a power generation facility of a power generation company into electric energy and storing the same, and a secondary battery connected to the temperature difference battery. Power storage means having a chargeable surplus power and discharging to the power transmission network, and control for controlling charging and discharging of the power storage means in accordance with a supply and demand balance between power supply of a power generation company and power use of a power user. Means.

In a surplus power management system according to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the power storage means and the control means are limited in the sixth aspect of the invention. The power storage means is a temperature difference battery that converts heat generated in the power generation equipment into electric energy and stores the energy, a secondary battery connected to the temperature difference battery, and a DC converter for converting surplus power to DC for charging the secondary battery. It has a converter that outputs power, and an inverter that converts the voltage of the temperature difference battery or the voltage of the secondary battery into AC, and sends the output of the inverter to the power transmission network. The control means has means for operating the converter at the time of charging and operating the inverter at the time of discharging.

In a surplus power management system according to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the control means is limited in the invention according to any one of the fourth to sixth aspects. The control means
When the power supply of the power producer becomes excessive with respect to the power consumption of the power user, the power storage means is charged, and the power supply of the power producer becomes insufficient with respect to the power consumption of the power user. Means for discharging the power storage means.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the surplus power management system according to any one of the fourth to sixth aspects, the power storage means and the control means are limited. The power storage means is provided in the facility of the power generation company. The control means is capable of transmitting and receiving data to and from a first terminal provided in the facility of the power generation company, a second terminal provided in the facility of the power user, and the first and second terminals. A server, means for monitoring the supply and demand balance between the power supply of the power generation company and the power use of the power user by transmitting and receiving data to and from each terminal provided in the server;
Means for instructing the first terminal to perform charge / discharge control in accordance with the monitoring result provided in the server; and charging / discharging of the power storage means in response to a command connected to the first terminal and received by the first terminal. And a control unit for controlling.

A surplus power management system according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is any one of the second, fifth, sixth, and seventh aspects of the present invention, wherein the temperature difference battery is limited. The temperature difference battery is [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ³⁻ / [Fe
(CN) ₆ ] Using a ^4- redox ion-pair electrolyte, a high-temperature side electrode and a low-temperature side electrode are used as main electrodes, and a cation exchange membrane is arranged between the main electrodes, and on both sides of the cation exchange membrane. The sub-electrodes are arranged in contact with each other.

The surplus power management system according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention is the surplus power management system according to the sixth or seventh aspect,
Restrictions apply to secondary batteries. Rechargeable batteries are lead batteries,
Examples include a sealed lead battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydride battery, and a lithium ion battery.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the surplus power management system according to the sixth or seventh aspect,
Further, a determination means for determining the deterioration of the secondary battery is provided.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the surplus power management system according to the twelfth aspect, the determination means is limited. The determining means forms a parallel circuit for the secondary battery via a resistor for a certain period of time, and based on a difference between the secondary battery voltage at the start of the formation and the secondary battery voltage at the end of the formation, Deterioration is determined.

[0028]

[1] Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a power generator contracted with an electric power company, a power generator 11, and a control device 1 for controlling the power generator 11.
2. A measuring device that detects, for example, measures the value and amount of power supplied from the power generation facility 11 to the power transmission network 1 described below (first
And a terminal (first terminal) 14 such as a computer connected to the measuring instrument 13. The measuring device 13 measures the power factor in addition to the power value and the power amount.

There are a plurality of such power generators 10, and the power generator 10
The surplus power exceeding the power used for the original operation is supplied to the power company transmission network 1 in such a manner that the surplus power is purchased by a specific-scale power company (hereinafter abbreviated as a power company) 30. The power transmission network 1 is equipment owned by a power company different from the power company 30. When the electric power company 30 entrusts power transmission to the power company that owns the power transmission network 1, the surplus power purchased by the electric power company 30 from each power generation company 10 is transferred to each power generation company 10 via the power transmission network 1. From a plurality of power users (hereinafter, referred to as consumers) 20.

Each power user 20 receives a power from the power transmission network 1 and uses the building 21 to operate the internal load equipment.
It has a measuring instrument (second detecting means) 22 for detecting, for example, measuring the value and amount of electric power taken into the building 21 and a terminal (second terminal) 23 such as a computer connected to the measuring instrument 22. . The measuring device 22 measures the power factor in addition to the power value and the power amount.

The electric power company 30 enters into a contract with each power generation company 10 to purchase surplus power from each power generation company 10 and a contract with each customer 20 to sell the purchased power to each customer 20. In addition, as described above, a contract for power transmission is concluded with the owner of the power transmission network 1 to manage the surplus power from purchase to supply.
1 is provided. The server 31 can transmit and receive data between the terminal 14 of each power generation company 10 and the terminal 23 of each customer 20 via the communication network 2 such as the Internet. Although not shown, the server 31
Data transmission / reception via the communication network 2 is also possible with a terminal of a power company that outsources power transmission.

It should be noted that each power generation company 10 has a terminal 14
The control device 12 is connected to the signal line from the server 31 to the terminal 1.
4 may be directly transmitted to the control device 12 as generator control data for the power generation facility 11.

In such a configuration, a temperature difference battery unit 15 and a control unit (control means) 16 are provided as power storage means in the facility of one or a plurality of power generation companies 10. The temperature difference battery unit 15 is connected to a power line between the power generation facility 11 and the measuring device 13 and is capable of charging surplus power and discharging to the power transmission network 1. The control unit 16 controls charging and discharging of the temperature difference battery unit 15. Specifically, based on a command from the server 31, the power supply amount of the power generation company 10 In case of excessive temperature difference battery unit 1
5 and the power supply amount of the power generation
When the power consumption of the battery becomes insufficient, the temperature difference battery unit 15 is discharged. Note that the control unit 16 is connected to the terminal 14.

FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the temperature difference battery unit 15 and its peripheral portion. The power generation facility 11 is a so-called steam power generation facility, and is obtained by a power generator 40, a steam turbine 41 driving the power generator, a condenser 42 for condensing steam passing through the steam turbine 41, and the condenser 42. Water pump 43 for sending water to steam boiler 44, steam boiler 4
4 is provided with a superheater 45 for superheating the steam generated in 4.
Of the power generated by the generator 40, surplus power exceeding the power used for the original operation is transmitted to the power transmission network 1 via the measuring device 13.

The temperature difference battery unit 15 includes a temperature difference battery module 50 for converting heat generated in the power generation facility 11 into electric energy and storing the same, a generator 40 and a measuring device 13.
AC / DC converter which is connected to a power line 18 through the electromagnetic circuit breaker 17 and converts the surplus electric power taken in through the electromagnetic circuit breaker 17 into DC and outputs it as charging electric power for the temperature difference battery module 50. 60, two inverters 61 and 62 for converting the voltage (DC voltage) of the temperature difference battery module 50 into AC, and diodes 63 and 6 for preventing backflow to the temperature difference battery module 50.
4, a protection control unit 65, a switch 71 for controlling the energization between the temperature difference battery module 50 and the inverters 61 and 62,
72, 73, etc., and sends out the outputs of the inverters 61, 62 to the power transmission network 1 via the power line 18.

The temperature difference battery module 50 is connected to the power generation facility 1
The steam boiler 44 is provided in contact with the first steam boiler 44, converts heat transmitted from the steam boiler 44, for example, 70 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less (so-called low-temperature exhaust heat) into electrical energy and stores it, and charges the output of the converter 60 It is possible to The protection control unit 65 has a function of controlling the operation of the electromagnetic contactor 17, the converter 60, and the inverters 61 and 62 according to a command from the control unit 16, and measuring the voltage and current of the temperature difference battery module 50. ing. Electromagnetic contactor 17 and switches 71, 72, 73
Is turned on and off by the control unit 16.

When charging the temperature difference battery module 50, the control unit 16 turns on the electromagnetic circuit breaker 17 and the switch 71, turns off the switches 72 and 73, and operates the converter 60. The control unit 16
When the temperature difference battery module 50 is discharged, the electromagnetic circuit breaker 17 is turned off, the switches 71, 72, and 73 are turned on, and the inverters 61 and 62 are operated.

The temperature difference battery module 50 includes a plurality of temperature difference batteries. In these temperature difference batteries, one electrode is brought into contact with a high temperature, and the other electrode is placed in a room temperature environment or cooled to generate a temperature difference between the electrodes. This temperature difference causes an oxidation reaction or an oxidation reaction on one electrode. A reduction reaction is made to proceed, and the opposite reaction is made to proceed at the other electrode. Electrons are exchanged at the electrode by the oxidation-reduction reaction, thereby extracting electric energy.

The voltage of the temperature difference battery is about 0.1 V at most, except for the 3 V level of an organic electrolyte such as a Li / Li ⁺ system. For this reason, a plurality of temperature difference batteries are prepared, and the temperature difference battery module 50 is configured by series connection (series arrangement) of these unit cells (hereinafter, referred to as cells). An example of this modularization is shown in FIG.

That is, nine cells 55 are sequentially connected in series, and these cells 55 are molded into a module by being integrally sealed with plastic 56 and laminated. 5
1 is a main electrode and 54 is a sub-electrode, each of which is a module + terminal. 52 is a sub-electrode and 53 is a main electrode, each serving as a module-terminal. 67 is a main electrode circuit, and 68 is a sub-electrode circuit. One side of the module is placed in contact with a suitable heat source of the power plant, and the other side is placed in contact with air cooling or a suitable cooling medium.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the cell 55. 81 is a plate having excellent thermal conductivity in contact with a high-temperature heat source, for example, a metal plate;
Reference numeral 82 denotes a plate having excellent thermal conductivity in contact with a low-temperature heat source, for example, a metal plate. Main electrodes 51 and 53 are arranged in contact with the inside of these metal plates 81 and 82, respectively.
Sub-electrodes 52 and 54 are arranged inside the 53 with gaps 83 and 84 secured, respectively, and an ion exchange membrane 80 is provided between the sub-electrodes 52 and 54. Main electrodes 51, 5
3, lead wires 85a and 85b are respectively derived, and lead electrodes 86a and 86b are derived from the sub-electrodes 52 and 54, respectively. The gaps 83 and 84 are filled with an electrolytic solution. Both ends of the cell are connected to lead wires 85a, 85b, 86a,
86b is sealed with plastic 87 so as to include 86b.

Hereinafter, the operation of the temperature difference battery will be described in detail. FIG. 5 shows that an electrolytic solution serving as a reaction active material contains ferrocyanide ions and ferricyan ions [Fe (CN) ₆ ].
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a battery reaction mechanism of a temperature difference battery using an aqueous solution containing a ^4- / [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^3- redox pair,
1 is a container of a temperature difference battery, 92 is a high-temperature side electrode, 93 is a low-temperature side electrode, and each electrode has a high-temperature heat source of 94,
95 is a low temperature heat source, and 96 is an electrolyte.

In the temperature difference battery shown in FIG.
Ferrocyan ion [Fe (CN)₆]^Four-But Felici
Anion [Fe (CN)₆]^3-Is reduced to
Passed to the pole. On the other hand, the low-temperature side electrode 93
Cyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆]^3-Is Ferrocyan Io
[Fe (CN)₆]^Four-Is oxidized to accept electrons on the electrodes.
Take away. Electrons by the redox reaction (redox reaction)
The transfer of electrons causes electrons to move on the outer conductor 97, and
The energy is taken out to work. Anti
Ferrocyanide ion, ferricyanion ion
All will be regenerated by oxidation-reduction reactions.
Basically, a heat source, that is, a generator or power generation equipment
Power generation, and if there is a temperature difference,
Electric energy can be obtained.

With the provision of the temperature difference battery, the heat generated in the power generation facility 11 can be converted into electric energy, and the power generation efficiency can be further improved together with the power generation itself of the power generation facility 11.

However, as long as there is a temperature difference, electrical energy can be obtained. However, since a temperature difference battery is merely a device for converting heat energy into electrical energy, when electrical energy is excessive, it is wasted. There is no choice but to discard.

For this purpose, a mechanism for storing electric energy once and releasing it when needed is required.
In this system, electric energy storage is realized by using a secondary temperature difference battery, that is, a chargeable temperature difference battery. This is shown in FIG.

That is, this is a temperature difference battery having an electrolytic solution containing ferricyan ions and ferrocyanide ions as active materials, in which the cation exchange membrane 101 is disposed between the high-temperature side electrode 92 and the low-temperature side electrode 93. , Charging is possible.

In the rechargeable temperature difference battery of FIG. 6, FIG.
As shown, ferrocyanide ions on the hot side electrode 92
[Fe (CN)₆]^Four-Is a ferricyan ion [Fe (C
N) ₆]^3-To the ferrite on the low-temperature side electrode 93
Cyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆]^3-Is Ferrocyan Io
[Fe (CN)₆]^Four-This oxidation-reduction reaction
As a result, electrons move through the outer conductor 97 to perform work.

However, when the cation exchange membrane 101 is provided between the electrodes 92 and 93, the cation exchange membrane 101 transmits only cations, ie, cations or + ions, and anions, ie, anions or -Ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ³⁻ generated on the high temperature side (left side in FIG. 6), and ferrocyanide ion [Fe (Fe) generated on the low temperature side (right side in FIG. 6).
(CN) ₆ ] ^4- is blocked by the cation exchange membrane and cannot move to the opposite electrode. The cation exchange membrane 101 is made of a ferrocyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ⁴⁻ ,
Penetrates only a counter ion of ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^3- , for example, potassium ion K ⁺ ion;
It merely adjusts the balance of plus and minus charges. As a result, when a temperature difference occurs due to the presence of the heat source, and the oxidation-reduction reaction proceeds on both electrodes, the ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] is contained in the high temperature side electrolyte separated by the cation exchange membrane. ³ increases, ferrocyanide ion [Fe (CN) _6] ^4- is reduced, whereas, conversely ferrocyanide ion in the electrolytic solution in the low temperature portion [Fe (CN) _6]
^4- increases and the ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^3-
Eventually, the reactants on each side are insufficient and the heat source is not converted to electrical energy even if a heat source is present. Instead, the difference in concentration between the electrolytes on the left and right sides of the cation exchange membrane 101 increases. I do. This difference in concentration causes the thermal energy to be temporarily stored as the energy of the difference in concentration of the electrolytic solution.

Then, the switch 102 is turned off to open the external conductor 97, the temperature difference battery is separated from the heat source, and the switch 102 is turned on again to close the external conductor 97. The opposite reaction to that in the presence of a temperature difference proceeds on each electrode. That is, on the old high-temperature side electrode 92 on the left side of FIG. 6, the ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ³⁻ is oxidized to the ferrocyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^4−, and the old side on the right side of FIG. Conversely, on the low-temperature electrode 93, the ferrocyan ion [Fe (C
N) ₆ ] ^4- is a ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^3-
And the energy stored as the density difference of the electrolyte can be obtained as electric energy.

However, although the temperature difference battery having this structure can be charged, the charging efficiency is reduced when the density difference is increased due to the progress of charging, and this thermal energy is used when the battery is fully charged even if a heat source is present. Not only can you not do it,
It is necessary to manage the full charge, resulting in a disadvantage that the operation becomes complicated.

In the present system, in order to solve this drawback, the conversion of heat energy to electric energy and the introduction of sub-electrodes are performed so that charging is possible. FIG.
Shows the basic structure concept.

That is, the sub-electrodes 111 and 112 are provided on both sides of the cation exchange membrane 101,
In addition, a chargeable temperature difference battery provided with a switch 114 for controlling turning on / off of the external conductor 113 is provided. In this case, the high-temperature side electrode 92 and the low-temperature side electrode 93 each become a main electrode.

In this case, the outer conductor 9 of the main electrodes 92 and 93
7 is turned on, and the switch 114 of the outer conductor 113 of the sub-electrodes 111 and 112 is turned off. In this state, when the high-temperature side electrode 92 of the main electrode is brought into contact with an appropriate heat source of the power generation equipment 11 and the low-temperature side electrode 93 as the other main electrode is placed in a room temperature environment or in a cooled state, as described above, Ferrocyan ion [Fe (C
N) ₆ ] ^4- is a ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^3-
To the ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^3- on the low-temperature side electrode 93.
(CN) ₆ ] An oxidation-reduction reaction oxidized to ^4- proceeds.
Due to the progress of the oxidation-reduction reaction, ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ³⁻ increases in the electrolytic solution on the high temperature side part partitioned by the cation exchange membrane, and ferrocyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ]. ^4- decreases, the difference in density on both sides of the electrolyte increases, and energy is stored.

In this way, the heat energy is converted into electric energy, and the switch 102 of the temperature difference battery in which the heat energy is once stored as the density difference of the electrolytic solution is turned off, and the other switch 114 is turned on to turn on the sub-electrode 111, When the outer conductor 113 of 112 is closed, as shown in FIG. 8, the increased ferricyan ion [F
e (CN) ₆ ] ^3- is a ferrocyan ion [Fe (CN)
₆ ] It is oxidized to ^4- , and on the old cold electrode 93 on the right,
The increased ferrocyanide ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ⁴⁻ is reduced to ferricyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ³⁻ , and the energy stored as the difference in concentration of the electrolytic solution can be obtained as electric energy. In this case, the reaction is the same as the reaction using the electrodes 92 and 93 and the external conductors 97 shown in FIG. 6, and this is simply changed to the sub-electrodes 111 and 112 and the external conductors 113.

However, the switches 102 and 114 of both the outer conductors 97 and 113 are turned on to cause the reaction of both the main electrode and the sub-electrode to proceed, and to balance the reaction amounts on the main and sub powers. In this case, as in the case of the basic temperature difference battery of FIG. 5, the ferrocyan ion [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ⁴⁻ and the ferricyan ion [Fe (C)
N) ₆ ] ^3- will be kept constant. It is shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a view showing the concept of a reaction mechanism of a chargeable temperature difference battery when both outer conductors of the main electrode and the sub-electrode are closed. With such a configuration, the temperature difference battery installed in contact with an appropriate heat source of the power generation facility 11 always converts heat energy into electric energy and opens and closes the outer conductor of the main electrode or the sub-electrode. As a result, charging can be performed at an arbitrary time and for an arbitrary time, and an extremely excellent power adjustment function can be performed in the operation of the electric power business in which the supply and demand of power is maintained.

When the electric power company 30 adopts this temperature difference battery as one element of the power generation system, and needs additional power at all times, the temperature difference battery having the very basic structure shown in FIG. If a certain amount of additional power is required for a certain period of time, a temperature difference battery having only the cation exchange membrane 101 shown in FIG. The supply of the additional power may be controlled, and when an arbitrary amount of additional power is required at irregular times, the cation exchange membrane 101 and the sub-electrode shown in FIGS. By selecting a temperature difference battery provided with 111 and 112, the opening and closing of the switches 102 and 114 can be similarly controlled. In FIGS. 7, 8, and 9, the difference in concentration of the electrolytic solution by the main electrode circuit, that is, the charging can be performed by the same method as another secondary battery using external electricity.

The basic structure and function of the temperature difference battery are disclosed as existing technologies (T. Hirai,
K. Shindo, and T. Ogata, J. Electrochemical Society,
143, 1306 (1996), and Hirai, Shindo, Ogata, IEICE Transactions, 116-A, 412 (1996)).

As the active material for the oxidation-reduction reaction of the temperature difference battery, in addition to the ferrocyan ion / ferricyan ion system, copper sulfate Cu ₂ SO ₄ / CuSO ₄ system, dipyridyl copper chloride Cu (dipy) ₂ Cl ₂ ^{/ Cu (dipy) Cu + /} Cu 2+ systems such as ₂ Cl based, Fe ²⁺ / Fe ³⁺ system, MnO ₄ ^- Mn
Aqueous electrolyte system such as O ₄ ^2- system, organic electrolyte system such as Li / Li + system, AgI / Ag ⁺ system, La / LaCl
A molten salt electrolyte such as a ₃ system or a Cd / CdI ₂ system can be selected.

As the electrode material, in addition to Pt and various carbon materials, in the case of an electrolytic solution containing a metal salt or a metal ion, each metal material is selected, but any metal material can be used as long as the function of the temperature difference battery of this system is satisfied. It is not limited to this.

Since the sub-electrode material is in contact with the cation exchange membrane, it must be an ion-permeable material so as not to prevent the cations from smoothly passing through the cation exchange membrane. If it is a metal material, it is a metal net,
If it is a carbon material, a porous structure or a carbon fiber material is selected.

On the other hand, the electric utility server 31 has the following means (1) to (8) as main functions. (1) Estimating means for estimating the power demand of each customer 20 on a predetermined power supply corresponding day based on the measurement result of each measuring device 22. That is, the server 31 periodically instructs the terminal 23 of each customer 20 to request a data, and thereby the measurement data (electric power, electric energy, power factor) of each measuring device 22 is transmitted from the terminal 23 of each consumer 20. It collects together with a unique ID for each customer 20, and collects local weather data from each terminal 23 as needed, uses these collected measurement data and local weather data, and furthermore, By a predetermined operation using customer basic data (unique for each customer) read from the internal memory,
The power demand of each customer 20 at a predetermined time before the present time, that is, the power consumption and the power consumption are estimated. Estimating the power consumption and the power consumption at which time may be performed for the next unit measurement time set in advance, or may be performed for the next minute and a plurality of subsequent unit measurement times. Either may be used.

(2) Determination means for determining a power generation plan for transmitting power corresponding to the estimated power demand from each power generation company 10 to the power transmission network 1 on the power supply corresponding day. That is, the power generation plan is determined based on the prior power generation plan notified from each power generation company 10, the basic data of the power generation company specific to each power generation company 10, the local weather data of each power generation company 10, and the like. In this power generation plan, required power is associated with each preset unit measurement time on the power supply corresponding day.

(3) Notification means for notifying the terminal 14 of each power generation company 10 of the determined power generation plan via the communication network 2.

(4) Based on the measurement result of each measuring device 13,
Detecting means for detecting the state of power supply from each power generation company 10 to the power transmission network 1. That is, the server 31 periodically instructs the terminal 14 of each power generation company 10 to request a data request, so that the measurement data (power, power amount, power factor) of each measuring device 13 is transmitted from the terminal 14 of each power generation company 10. ) Is collected together with a unique ID for each power generation company 10, and the power supply status is detected from the collected measurement data.

(5) On the day of the power supply, on the day of the power supply, in the situation where the power supply based on the power generation plan is actually performed, the power supply status detected by the measurement of each measuring device 13 and the measurement of each measuring device 22 Based on the comparison with the power usage status detected by the power generation system, and based on the power generation company basic data unique to each power generation company 10 and the local weather data of each power generation company 10, etc. Prediction means (monitoring means) for predicting (monitoring) the supply / demand balance with power use and setting an increase / decrease value for the power supplied by each power generation company 10 according to the prediction result.

In this case, prediction is performed for the next unit measurement time set in advance or for the next unit measurement time and a plurality of subsequent unit measurement times.

(6) Increase / decrease command for the set increase / decrease value
Instruction means for sending to the terminal 14 of each power generation company 10 via the communication network 2 as a reduction instruction.

(7) After the command, the detected power supply condition is out of a predetermined value including the commanded increase / decrease value or a control allowable range based on the predetermined value, and the departure direction is excessive. If the temperature difference battery module 50 is in a chargeable state, the charging unit instructs the control unit 16 to charge.

(8) After the command, the detected power supply condition is out of a predetermined value including the commanded increase / decrease value or a control allowable range based on the predetermined value, and the departure direction is insufficient. Means for instructing the control unit 16 to start discharging if the temperature difference battery module 50 is in a dischargeable state.

The terminal 14 of the power generation company 10 has an ID which is identification information unique to the power generation company, a type / basic data file of the generator 40, a characteristic monitoring file of the generator 40, and a control of the generator 40. A management menu file, a power generation plan file, a past power generation data file, a weather data file, and the like are registered in advance, and a communication function with a necessary center, such as the server 31 of the electric power company 30 and weather information acquisition, is installed. .

In the control unit 16, a basic characteristic data file of the temperature difference battery module 50, a characteristic monitoring file of the temperature difference battery module 50, a control / management menu file relating to a peripheral circuit of the temperature difference battery module 50, and the like are registered in advance. I have.

The server 31 of the electric power company 30 stores I information, which is identification information unique to each power generation company 10 and each customer 20.
D, basic data file of each generator 40, each generator 40
Power generation data file, basic data file of each customer 20, past power reception data file of each customer 20, power generation plan file, power generation / use power related monitoring file, supply and demand balance control / management file, power supply command instruction file, Supply and demand control file, weather data file, temperature difference battery module 5 with power company owning power transmission network 1
0 control / management instruction file, temperature difference battery module 5
0 is registered in advance, and each terminal 14, 23, a power company center, etc.
It has a communication function with necessary centers such as a weather information management center.

The terminal 23 of each customer 20 has the customer 20
ID, which is identification information unique to the customer, basic data file of the customer 20, past power usage data file, received power,
A monitoring menu file such as the amount of power is registered in advance, and a communication function with the server 31 is provided.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described. The server 31 receives the data on the power supply status of the generator 40 of the power generator 10 from the terminal 13, basic data and power generation plan of the generator 40, the power used by each customer 20, the power usage, and other power generation. A power supply command is transmitted to the terminal 13 of the power generation company 10 for each unit time by performing a comparison operation with the power supply status of the company 10 to adjust the power supply.

In the power generation company 10, the heat generated in the power generation facility 11 is converted into electric energy by the temperature difference battery module 50 along with the operation of the power generation facility 11, and is stored in the temperature difference battery module 50.

In adjusting the supply power, the generator 40
Has set a certain upper limit and lower limit to the power supply command power from the server 31 or the power supply command power, or
When the power is supplied beyond the control allowable range in which only the upper limit value or the lower limit value is set, the temperature difference battery module 50 is charged with the power supply command power or the surplus power exceeding the control allowable range.

On the other hand, the generator 40 controls the power supply command power of the server 31, or sets a certain upper limit value and lower limit value for the power supply command power, or sets only the upper limit value or only the lower limit value. If the power is supplied below the range, the shortage power, which is the difference between the supplied power and the power supply command power or the minimum value of the control allowable range, is compensated by discharging the temperature difference battery module 50.

The charging / discharging of the temperature difference battery module 50 for correcting the excess or deficiency of the power supplied to the generator 40 is performed by data transmission / reception among the server 31, the terminal 14, and the control unit 16. You.

The server 31 receives from the terminal 14 the power supply data of the generators 40 of the power generators 10, the basic data and power generation plan of the generators 40, the power consumption and power consumption of the consumers 20. When the power supply command is executed per unit time by performing a comparison operation with the power supply status of the other power generators 10 and the power supply command of the power generators 40 of the other power generators 10, the power supplied to the generator 40 of the other power generators 10 Based on the power supply power value, or the power supply command value of the electric power company 30, or a control allowable range in which a fixed upper limit and lower limit are set to those values, or only the upper limit is set, or only the lower limit is set. When the power is supplied below this level, the amount of power stored in the temperature difference battery module 50 is discharged, thereby causing a shortage of power, which is the difference between the planned power value, the power supply command value, or the control allowable range and the supplied power. It is possible to compensate for the.

Hereinafter, a specific adjustment procedure of the power supply / power amount of the power generation company 10 corresponding to the power consumption / power amount of the consumer 20 on the power supply corresponding day will be described.

That is, the server 31 is connected to each power generation company 10
Power generation data such as power supply and power supply amount from the terminal 14 of the customer, the power generation status is grasped, and each customer 2
Power reception data such as power consumption and power consumption is received from the terminal 23 of the “0” and the usage status is grasped. In addition, the server 31 compares the basic data of the power generation company 10 with the basic data of the customer 20 and necessary information data such as weather data such as temperature and weather if necessary. Predict the supply-demand balance of usage. If the estimated usage amount in the next unit measurement time or a plurality of future unit measurement times exceeds the planned supply amount, the server 31 instructs the terminal 14 of each power generation company 10 to increase the required power. If the supply amount is still insufficient, the temperature difference battery module 50 is discharged to make up for the electric power.

In the worst case where there is still a possibility of a shortage in the amount of supply, the power is transmitted to a terminal or server of the power company or an appropriate contact is made so that the required amount of power is supplied from the power company. Request by means.

If the planned supply amount exceeds the estimated use amount, the excess amount is used to charge the temperature difference battery module 50. Further, when the supply amount exceeds the estimated usage amount and the supply amount exceeds the estimated usage amount, and when the supply amount exceeds the estimated usage amount, a reduction command for the required amount of power is transmitted to the terminal 14 of each power generation company 10.

This operation procedure is repeated every unit measurement time or every unit power supply command time for the regulated power generation company.

In this way, the power supply and demand balance can be maintained at a high level, and a highly reliable surplus power management can be realized.

In operating an electric business in which surplus power is purchased from a power generation company 10 and this power is sold to a customer 20,
By adopting this system, it is possible to establish an appropriate power supply system that responds promptly to the situation of power consumption and power consumption of the customers 20, making a very large contribution from the viewpoint of high reliability and profit guarantee of electricity business operation. Can be fulfilled.

That is, the electric power company 30 can reliably secure the electric power or the amount of electric power required by the customer 20 from the power generation company 10 and stably supply the electric power or the amount of electric power to the customer 20. Become.

Further, the heat generated in the power generation facility 11 is converted into electric energy and stored in the temperature difference battery module 50,
Since the stored electric energy is used to compensate for the shortage of power supply, the heat of the power generation facility 11 can be effectively used without being discarded, and the energy saving effect can be greatly improved.

[2] The second embodiment will be described.
In the first embodiment, a chargeable temperature difference battery module 5
However, in the second embodiment, the power generation facility 11
The temperature difference battery module 50 that converts and stores the heat into electric energy is used, and a dedicated secondary battery is used for the charging function.

That is, in FIG. 10, the temperature difference battery unit 15, which is a power storage means, includes a temperature difference battery module 50 for converting heat generated in the power generation facility 11 into electric energy and storing the same, a generator 40, and a measuring instrument. AC / DC which is connected to a power line 18 through the electromagnetic circuit breaker 17 via the electromagnetic circuit breaker 17 and converts the surplus electric power taken in through the electromagnetic circuit breaker 17 into DC and outputs it as charging electric power for the temperature difference battery module 50. Converter 60, secondary battery (assembled battery) 12 connected to temperature difference battery module 50
0, an inverter 61 for converting the voltage of the secondary battery 120 into an alternating current, diodes 66 and 67 for preventing a backflow to the temperature difference battery module 50, a protection control unit 65, energization between the temperature difference battery module 50 and the inverter 61. It has switches 71 and 73 for control and sends out the output of the inverter 61 to the power transmission network 1 via the power line 18.

The temperature difference battery module 50 is connected to the power generation facility 1
It is provided in contact with the first steam boiler 44, and converts the heat transmitted from the steam boiler 44, for example, 70 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less (so-called low-temperature exhaust heat) into electric energy and stores it. The protection control unit 65 controls the operation of the electromagnetic contactor 17, the converter 60, and the inverter 61 according to a command from the control unit 16, and has a function of measuring the voltage and current of the temperature difference battery module 50. . The electromagnetic contactor 17 and the switches 71 and 73
6 controls on and off. Control unit 16
Has a function of measuring the voltage, current, and temperature of the power storage unit 15.

The DC power generated by the temperature difference battery module 50 by receiving the heat of the power generation equipment 11 is supplied to the switches 71 and 73.
Is turned on, the AC is converted by the inverter 61 and transmitted to the power line 18. When charging the secondary battery 120 with the power generated by the temperature difference battery module 50, the switch 71 is turned on and the switch 73 is turned off. Further, surplus electric power based on the power generation of the generator 40 is transferred to the secondary battery 1.
When charging the battery 20, the electromagnetic contactor 17 is turned on and the switches 71 and 73 are turned off. As a result, the surplus power is DC-converted by the converter 60, and the
20 is charged.

As the secondary battery 120, a lead battery, a sealed lead battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydride battery,
One of them is used, such as a lithium ion battery.
These batteries are widely marketed as products, price reduction by mass production has been achieved, charging control method has been established, technology for longer life and high temperature countermeasures have been developed,
This is because high reliability can be expected.

[0096] If it is important that the installation place is wide, above ground or underground, and that it is inexpensive, it is most preferable to use a lead battery, a sealed lead battery, and a nickel cadmium battery. When the floor area is limited and the floor area is limited, it is preferable to use a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery. In a relatively hot place,
And when there is room for power generation or power supply from the temperature difference battery, nickel cadmium batteries and nickel hydride batteries are preferably used, and it is a place with a relatively high temperature,
When the power for charging is limited, it is preferable to use a lithium ion battery.

It is preferable to determine the number of modules of the temperature difference battery module 50 and the capacity, size, and number of each cell according to the required amount of electric power of the secondary battery 120, and to configure the assembled battery with the smallest possible size.

The other configuration and operation are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

[3] A third embodiment will be described.
Regarding the secondary battery 120, the deterioration gradually progresses during the use period, the power storage capacity decreases, the generation voltage decreases, the amount of generated electricity decreases, and eventually the function cannot be exhibited. is there. In this case, it must be replaced with a new secondary battery 120. If these functions are degraded or malfunction, power supply will be seriously affected, and in some cases, frequent power supply from the power company, i.e., costly replenishment in the event of an accident, should be requested. It is not preferable because not only the reliability is lost but also the business profitability is deteriorated.

It is necessary to manage and grasp the state of deterioration of the secondary battery 120 by some method, and to replace the battery at an appropriate time.

In the third embodiment, the secondary battery 120
Is provided in the control unit 16.

Several factors cause deterioration of the secondary battery 120 to progress.

That is, first, it is pointed out that the contact between the reaction active material of the electrode and the conductive agent is deteriorated by the repetition of expansion and contraction of the electrode due to the repetition of charge and discharge. Cadmium cathodes for lead batteries, sealed lead batteries, and nickel cadmium batteries are particularly prone to this tendency because the active material repeatedly dissolves and precipitates in the electrolyte and the charge / discharge reaction is a complex reaction involving intermediates. Notable. In addition, although the nickel cadmium battery, nickel hydride battery nickel positive electrode and nickel hydride battery hydrogen storage alloy negative electrode do not dissolve, the expansion and contraction of the electrode due to bonding with hydrogen and occlusion and desorption of hydrogen are severe, and similar electrode deterioration Progresses. A part of the material of the lithium metal oxide positive electrode of the lithium ion battery and the carbon negative electrode also have such large expansion and contraction that the deterioration of the electrode is inevitable.

Next, degradation caused by the decomposition of the electrolyte due to overcharging during charging is pointed out. Secondary battery 120
However, when an aqueous electrolyte solution other than a lithium ion battery is used, since an electrolysis reaction of water exists around a voltage of 2 V, the decomposition of the electrolyte solution during charging is inevitable, and the oxygen gas The generation of the electrolyte decreases the electrolyte itself, and the sealed lead battery, nickel cadmium battery, and nickel metal hydride battery adopt a reaction mechanism that reacts and absorbs the generated oxygen gas with the negative electrode active material. When this decreases and this progresses, the reaction amount decreases.
In a lithium ion battery, an organic electrolyte is decomposed in an environment such as a high temperature to generate an organic gas. If the amount of the organic gas is large, the safety valve is destroyed and the function of the battery is not fulfilled. In addition, decomposition products are deposited on the surface of the negative electrode, resulting in a decrease in the reaction surface of the negative electrode, and the reaction amount is reduced.

In addition, in the lead battery and the sealed lead battery, since the same lead as the reaction active material is used for the current collector of the electrode, especially in the positive electrode, the final electrode called the positive electrode grid is corroded, and the conductivity is lowered. The transfer of electrons is not carried out smoothly, which leads to a decrease in the reaction amount, and also causes volume expansion due to corrosion. In an extreme case, the battery case may be broken and broken, resulting in malfunction of the battery.

In a nickel cadmium battery or a nickel hydride battery, when the negative electrode active material used for absorbing the generated oxygen gas is consumed, hydrogen gas, which is another gas generated by electrolysis of water, is generated. Since hydrogen gas does not have the function of absorbing hydrogen inside the battery, the gas is released to the outside from the safety valve (in the case of an aqueous electrolyte battery, the safety valve can be reused), and there is a fire nearby. Risk of fire and explosion if environmental conditions are met.

In a lithium ion battery, when the lithium metal oxide, which is a positive electrode active material, is in a fully charged state under a high temperature or high temperature environment of the battery and dissolved in the electrolyte, clogging of the separator and negative electrode surface. It precipitates on the top and reduces the reaction area of the negative electrode, resulting in a decrease in the reaction amount. In addition, if the battery is in a non-operating state for a long period of time, the lithium in the negative electrode near the electrolyte interface between the electrolyte and the electrolyte, which is inevitable in the material composition of the lithium ion battery, chemically reacts to form an inert film on the surface of the negative electrode. This leads to a reduction in volume. The decrease in the reaction amount due to the inert film is incompletely recovered even by recharging.

The phenomena that occur as a result of these several degradation factors have some in common. The most prominent and dominant factor is an increase in the internal resistance or internal impedance of the battery. Therefore, the method of determining the deterioration of the secondary battery 120 is to grasp the relationship between the increase in the internal resistance and the internal impedance and the deterioration degree of the battery, and to evaluate the deterioration degree of the battery based on this relationship.

The deterioration determination method used in the present system is based on this factor. The main methods of monitoring the increase in the internal resistance and the internal impedance of the battery are as follows. (1) AC complex impedance or voltage pulse,
Method of directly calculating the resistance value and impedance magnitude by applying a current pulse (2) Method of measuring charge / discharge characteristics such as charge voltage, charge current, discharge voltage, discharge current and evaluating the change Measurement or monitoring items are selected, the relationship between the selected item and the battery capacity or deterioration level is determined in advance, and data on these items is obtained from the actual secondary battery and applied to the relational expression. Establish procedures for calculating capacity, capacity, or degradation.

As shown in FIG. 11, one end of a resistor 75 is connected to a positive terminal of a secondary battery 120 via a switch 74 in order to determine the deterioration when the secondary battery 120 is a lead battery or a sealed lead battery. Is connected, and the other end of the resistor 75 is connected to the negative terminal of the secondary battery 120 via the switch 76.

When the electromagnetic contactor 17 is turned off and the temperature difference battery unit 15 is disconnected from the power line 18, the control unit 16 turns on the switches 74 and 76 to turn on the secondary battery 12.
A parallel circuit is formed for a certain time (for example, 0.5 ms or more) with respect to 0 through a resistor 75, and the secondary battery voltage Vs at the start of the formation and the secondary battery voltage Ve at the end of the formation are measured. Based on the difference between the voltages Vs and Ve, the secondary battery 12
The deterioration of 0 is determined.

When the parallel circuit is formed, the resistance value of the resistor 75 is selected such that a current value of 0.15 times the nominal capacity value of the secondary battery 120, that is, a current of 0.15 CmA flows. I have.

The control unit 16 controls both the measurement voltages Vs and Vs
The difference Δe between e and ΔV = Vs−Ve is obtained, and the obtained value is applied to the following deterioration determination formula to obtain the degree of deterioration Deg (%) of the secondary battery (lead battery or sealed lead battery) 120.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × (1− [a × (ΔV / ΔV ₀ ) + b]) (1) C ₀ is the nominal capacity of the target battery, C Is the capacity of the target battery at the time of the deterioration determination, and ΔV ₀ is the initial value of the new battery. a and b are constants (a <0, b> 0) and are determined in advance based on the capacity C and the voltage difference ΔV obtained in the same manner as the deterioration determination condition using the same type of lead battery or sealed lead battery. .

The data of the degree of deterioration Deg (%) thus obtained is sent to the server 31 via the terminal 14 and displayed on the display unit of the server 31 to notify the staff. The attendant grasps the degree of deterioration Deg (%) of the secondary battery 120, and appropriately performs a procedure for replacing the secondary battery 120 with a new one.

The data of the two measured voltages Vs and Ve are sent from the control unit 16 to the terminal 14 or the server 31 via the terminal 14, and the terminal 14 or the server 31 executes the calculation of the deterioration judgment formula to determine the degree of deterioration. Deg (%) may be obtained.

The other structure and operation are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Next, a description will be given of the determination of deterioration when a nickel cadmium battery is employed as the secondary battery 120. In this case, the control unit 16 controls the electromagnetic contactor 1
7 and the temperature difference battery unit 15 is disconnected from the power line 18, and a parallel circuit via the resistor 75 is connected to the secondary battery 120 via the resistor 75 for a certain period of time (for example, 0.01 ms or more and 1 ms or less) when the switches 74 and 76 are turned on. ), The secondary battery voltage Vs at the start of the formation and the secondary battery voltage Ve at the end of the formation are measured, and both measured voltages Vs and Ve are measured.
The deterioration of the secondary battery 120 is determined based on the difference between the two.

When a parallel circuit is formed, a current value of not less than 1/2 times and not more than twice the nominal capacity value of the secondary battery 120, that is, a current of not less than 0.5 CmA and not more than 2.0 CmA flows. The resistance value of the resistor 75 is selected.

The control unit 16 controls both the measurement voltages Vs and Vs
The difference Δe between e and ΔV = Vs−Ve is obtained, and the obtained value is applied to the following deterioration determination formula to obtain the degree of deterioration Deg (%) of the secondary battery (lead battery or sealed lead battery) 120.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × (f / C _m ) × ln (ΔV / ΔV ₀ ) (2) C ₀ is the nominal capacity of the target battery, and C is capacity of the target cell during degradation determination, C _m is the capacitance of the nickel-cadmium test battery using when creating the degradation determination formula (2). Note that the nickel cadmium battery used to create the deterioration determination formula (2) does not have to be the same size as the battery to be installed. ΔV ₀ is the initial value of the voltage difference ΔV when the installed battery is a new battery. f is a constant (f <0) and is determined in advance by the capacitance C and the voltage difference ΔV obtained when the deterioration determination formula (2) is created.

The deterioration degree Deg (%) of the nickel cadmium battery is calculated to manage the deterioration state of the battery.

Next, a description will be given of a deterioration determination when a nickel-metal hydride battery is used as the secondary battery 120. In this case, the control unit 16 turns off the electromagnetic contactor 17 and disconnects the temperature difference battery unit 15 from the power line 18, and turns on the switches 74 and 76 to turn on the secondary battery 1.
A parallel circuit via resistor 75 is formed for 20 for a certain period of time (for example, in the range of 0.01 ms to 1 ms), and the secondary battery voltage Vs at the start of the formation and the secondary battery voltage Ve at the end of the formation are measured. Then, the deterioration of the secondary battery 120 is determined based on the difference between the two measured voltages Vs and Ve.

When a parallel circuit is formed, a current value of not less than 1/2 times and not more than twice the nominal capacity value of the secondary battery 120, that is, a current of not less than 0.5 CmA and not more than 2.0 CmA flows. The resistance value of the resistor 75 is selected.

The control unit 16 controls both the measurement voltages Vs and Vs
The difference Δe between e and ΔV = Vs−Ve is obtained, and the obtained value is applied to the following deterioration determination formula to obtain the degree of deterioration Deg (%) of the secondary battery (lead battery or sealed lead battery) 120.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × {1− [g (ΔV / ΔV ₀ ) + h]} (3) C ₀ is the nominal capacity of the target battery, C Is the capacity of the target battery at the time of the deterioration determination, and ΔV ₀ is the initial value of the voltage difference ΔV when the installed battery is a new battery. g and h are constants (g <0, h>
0), and is determined in advance by the capacity C and the voltage difference ΔV obtained by testing the same type of nickel-metal hydride battery under the same conditions as described above.

Up to this point, the deterioration determination when the secondary battery 120 uses the aqueous electrolyte has been described. However, when the secondary battery 120 is the lithium ion battery, the deterioration determination is performed with the secondary battery using the aqueous electrolyte. Are subjected to different deterioration judgments.

The lithium ion battery is not sold as a single battery from the viewpoint of safety.
Alternatively, they are sold in a pack configuration with a safety protection circuit added, or attached to the outside of the battery.

FIG. 12 shows a general circuit configuration of a lithium ion battery in a pack configuration, in which three cells (lithium ion batteries) are mounted in series.

Reference numeral 131 denotes a battery pack main body;
Reference numeral 3134 denotes a lithium ion battery. A protection IC 135 monitors voltage, current, temperature, and the like, and performs software-based safety control. 137,138,139,140,1
Reference numerals 41 and 142 denote transistor FETs for controlling the charging current in the pack and for each battery. 143 is a PTC (Positive Temperature C) which is a temperature fuse.
oefficient) elements 144 are current fuses, which have a role of interrupting the current when the temperature rises or when the current is abnormally large. 145 is a plus terminal, 146 is a minus terminal, 14
Reference numeral 7 denotes an information output terminal and a control terminal.

Each unit cell (hereinafter referred to as a cell) 132, 133, 134 of the lithium ion battery has a resistor R11,
Transistors FET140, 1 via R12, R13
41, 142 are connected, and furthermore, terminals CD1, CD2, CD3 of the protection IC 135 are connected to these transistor FETs.
Is connected. The current values flowing through the cells 132, 133, and 134 are monitored, and when an excessively large current flows, the FETs 140, 141, and 142 cut off the current.

In addition, separately from the cells 132 and 13
3, 134 are connected to terminals VCC, VC1, VC2 and VSS of the protection IC 135 via resistors R1, R2 and R3, respectively, to monitor the voltage of each cell. When the voltage of each cell becomes unbalanced, safety is impaired such as reverse charging, so even if there is an imbalance in the battery of each cell, the capacitor C is used to correct the imbalance.
1, C2 and C3 are connected across these wirings.

Another transistor FET 137 has a protection I
Connected to the terminal DOP of C135, the transistor FET
Reference numeral 138 is connected to the terminal COP of the protection IC 135, and monitors a discharge current and a charge current, respectively, and cuts off each current when there is a possibility that safety may be impaired due to an excessively large current flowing. Further, the resistor R6 is connected to the transistor FET138, and the transistor FET138 checks whether the charging current and the charging voltage are abnormal.

The PTC element 143 is a thermal fuse,
It has a function to cut off current when each cell rises above a certain temperature or when an excessive current more than a certain current flows into each cell. The current fuse 144 is for preventing a certain amount of current from flowing through each cell. When a certain amount of current flows, the current fuse 144 is melted and cut off. PTC element 1
43 has the same function, but the PTC element 143 functions again when the current value and temperature fall within the normal range, whereas the current fuse 144 becomes unusable once the current is cut off. That is, in the case of an instantaneous abnormal current where the PTC element 143 cannot operate, the current fuse 1
44 will be activated.

The resistor R5 monitors the voltage inside the battery pack main body 131, and is connected to the terminal VMP of the protection IC 135. The terminal CTL of the protection IC 135 is a control terminal, which is connected to a control terminal of a computer or a charger equipped with the battery pack main body 131, and is connected to the control unit 16 in this system.

The terminal CCT of the protection IC 135 is a charging current control terminal, which is grounded via a capacitor C4 and is used for controlling charging current and the like. A terminal CDT is a terminal for controlling a discharge current, and is grounded via a capacitor C5.
9 and is used for control of discharge current abnormality, overdischarge prevention, and the like. A further terminal, COVT, is used for control such as overcharge prevention, and is grounded via a capacitor C6.

As described above, the protection IC 13 shown in FIG.
5 is charging and discharging voltage and current monitoring, abnormal current,
Necessary monitoring and control related to maintaining and maintaining safety of lithium-ion batteries, such as voltage control and abnormal cell temperature control, are performed.

In FIG. 12, a protection IC for the safety mechanism is provided.
A timer is mounted in 135, a deterioration determination formula used in a deterioration determination method described below is input to an empty memory in the protection IC 135, and an execution procedure for measuring a charging current value and a charging voltage is input. In addition, a calculation procedure for calculating the battery deterioration degree by applying the measured data to the deterioration determination formula is input, and further, an execution procedure for transmitting the calculated battery deterioration degree result to the connected control unit 16 is described. Enter
The following deterioration determination is performed. The deterioration judgment formula and the calculation procedure are input to the control unit 16 to calculate the degree of deterioration of the battery,
The display can be performed by the control unit 16.

The first determination of deterioration when a lithium ion battery is employed as the secondary battery 120 will be described below. Constant current (CC) by protection IC 135
During charging, from the time when the voltage reaches a predetermined arbitrary voltage Vs equal to or higher than the discharge end voltage Ve and equal to or lower than the voltage (Vc−0.2) 0.2 V lower than the charging upper limit voltage Vc, the upper limit voltage V
c, the required time tc until the time when the battery voltage has reached is measured, the measured data is taken into the control unit 16 connected to the terminal 147, and the measured data is substituted into the next deterioration judgment formula to calculate and perform The degree of degradation Deg (%) of 120 is calculated.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × [1− (tc / tc ₀ ) ^k ] (4) C is the capacity of the lithium ion battery to be subjected to the deterioration determination,
C ₀ is the capacitance in new batteries of lithium ion batteries to be determined deterioration, tc is the time required for CC charge from Vs to Vc, tc ₀ is the time required for new batteries CC charge from Vs to Vc . k is a constant, which is a value obtained by testing in advance under the same conditions as the deterioration determination.

A description will be given of a second determination of deterioration when a lithium ion battery is used as the secondary battery 120. Constant current (CC) by protection IC 135
During charging, from the time when the voltage reaches a predetermined arbitrary voltage Vs equal to or higher than the discharge end voltage Ve and equal to or lower than the voltage (Vc−0.2) 0.2 V lower than the charging upper limit voltage Vc, the upper limit voltage V
c, the required time tc until the time when the battery voltage has reached is measured, the measured data is taken into the control unit 16 connected to the terminal 147, and the measured data is substituted into the next deterioration judgment formula to calculate and perform The degree of degradation Deg (%) of 120 is calculated.

[0142] Deg (%) = 100 × ( 1-C / C 0) = 100 × [1- (m × tc + n) / (m × tc 0 + n)] ... (5) C are subject to the deterioration determination Lithium-ion battery capacity,
C ₀ is the capacitance in new batteries of lithium ion batteries to be determined deterioration, tc is the time required for CC charge from Vs to Vc, tc ₀ is the time required for new batteries CC charge from Vs to Vc . m and n are constants (m> 0, n> 0)
This is a value obtained by performing a test in advance under the same conditions as the deterioration determination.

Further, a third determination of deterioration when a lithium ion battery is employed as the secondary battery 120 will be described. The protection IC 135 sets the battery voltage measured at the terminal VMP to the charge upper limit voltage Vc, and changes from the constant current (CC) charge to the constant voltage (CV) charge to a predetermined time within 30 seconds to 30 minutes. Time tc
The subsequent charging current value Ic is measured and the measured data is
7, and the measured data is substituted into the following deterioration judgment formula to calculate and perform the operation.
Degree of degradation Deg (%) is calculated.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × [1 − (− p × Ic + q) / (− p × Ic ₀ + q)] (6) C is an object of deterioration determination Lithium-ion battery capacity,
C ₀ is the capacity of a new lithium-ion battery to be subject to deterioration determination, Ic is the charge current value after a time t from conversion from CC charge to CV charge, and Ic ₀ is CV from CC charge.
This is the charging current value of the new battery after time t from the conversion to charging. p and q are constants (p> 0, q> 0), and are values obtained by testing in advance under the same conditions as the deterioration determination.

In addition to the first, second, and third deterioration judgment methods, there is a fourth deterioration judgment method.

The battery voltage measured at the terminal VMP reaches the charging upper limit voltage Vc by the protection IC 135, and the charging current value Ic is changed from the constant current (CC) charging to the constant voltage (CV) charging. (CV) Decays during charging,
Current value α × I at a predetermined ratio α (0 <α <1)
c is measured, and the measured data is sent to the terminal 14.
7, and the measured data is substituted into the following deterioration judgment formula to calculate and perform the operation.
Degree of degradation Deg (%) is calculated.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × [1 − (− r × tc + s) / (− r × tc ₀ + s)] (7) C is an object of deterioration determination Lithium-ion battery capacity,
C ₀ is the capacity of a new lithium ion battery to be subjected to deterioration determination, tc is the time when the charging current value Ic reaches α × Ic after converting from CC charging to CV charging, tc ₀
Is the charging current value Ic after converting from CC charging to CV charging.
Is the time of a new battery that has reached α × Ic. r and s are constants (r> 0, s> 0), and are values obtained by testing in advance under the same conditions as the deterioration determination.

The third and fourth methods for judging deterioration described above are based on a constant current constant voltage (CC-CV) charge, which is a general method of charging a lithium ion battery, and a current value in a constant voltage (CV) charge mode. This is a determination method that focuses on the change in.
Normally, these methods for determining deterioration can determine deterioration of a lithium ion battery at a satisfactory level.

However, depending on the charging / discharging and the use period, the battery capacity and the charge current value or the battery capacity as shown in the deterioration judgment formulas (6) and (7) used in the third and fourth deterioration judgment methods. There is a case where another relationship is shown that does not depend on the required time.

In view of this fact, there are fifth and sixth deterioration judgment methods in addition to the above-described deterioration judgment methods.

First, a fifth deterioration determination method will be described. The protection IC 135 sets the battery voltage measured at the terminal VMP to the charge upper limit voltage Vc, and changes from the constant current (CC) charge to the constant voltage (CV) charge to a predetermined time within 1 minute to 15 minutes. The charging current value Ic after the time tc is measured, and the measured data is taken into the control unit 16,
The measured data is substituted into the following deterioration determination equation to calculate and calculate the degree of deterioration Deg (%) of the secondary battery 120.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × [1 − (− p ′ × Ic + q ′) / (− p ′ × Ic ₀ + q ′)] (6 ′) C Is the capacity of the lithium-ion battery for which deterioration is to be determined,
C ₀ is the capacity of a new lithium-ion battery to be subject to deterioration determination, Ic is the charge current value after a time t from conversion from CC charge to CV charge, and Ic ₀ is CV from CC charge.
This is the charging current value of the new battery after time t from the conversion to charging. p 'and q' are constants (p '> 0, q'> 0), and are values obtained by testing in advance under the same conditions as the deterioration determination.

[0153] Repeat the procedure of this deterioration determination, the charging current value Ic _n measured is compared with the charging current value Ic measured _(n-1) in the determination previous deterioration Ic _(n-1)> becomes Ic _n In this case, the following deterioration judgment formula (6 ″) is used instead of the above deterioration judgment formula (6 ′). Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × [1 − (+ P ′ × Ic + q ″) / (+ p ′ × Ic ₀ + q ″)] (6 ″) q ″ is a constant, and Ic _(n−1) and the capacitance C _{m at} that time are (6 ″) It is characterized in that a value determined to satisfy the expression is applied.

Next, a sixth deterioration judgment method will be described.

The protection IC 135 causes the battery voltage measured at the terminal VMP to reach the charging upper limit voltage Vc, and changes the charging current value Ic from the constant current (CC) charging to the constant voltage (CV) charging. (CV) Decays during charging,
The time t when the current value reached 1/2 Ic 0.5Ic was measured,
The measured data is taken into the control unit 16, and the measured data is substituted into the following deterioration judgment formula to calculate and operate.
The degree of deterioration Deg (%) of 0 is calculated.

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × [1 − (− r ′ × tc + s ′) / (− r ′ × tc ₀ + s ′)] (7 ′) C Is the capacity of the lithium-ion battery for which deterioration is to be determined,
C ₀ is the capacity of a new lithium ion battery to be subjected to deterioration determination, tc is the time when the charging current value Ic reaches α × Ic after converting from CC charging to CV charging, tc ₀
Is the charging current value Ic after converting from CC charging to CV charging.
Is the time of a new battery that has reached α × Ic. r ',
s' is a constant (r '> 0, s'> 0), and is a value obtained by performing a test in advance under the same conditions as the deterioration determination.

[0157] Repeat the procedure of this deterioration determination, as compared with the measured travel time tc _n required time measured in the determination previous deterioration _{tc (n-1) tc (} n-1)> If a tc _n The following deterioration determination formula (7 ″) is used instead of the above deterioration determination formula C (7 ′).

Deg (%) = 100 × (1−C / C ₀ ) = 100 × [1 − (+ r ′ × tc + s ″) / (+ r ′ × tc ₀ + s ″)] (7 ″) s ″ is Tc _(n-1) and the capacitance C _{n-1 at} that time
And (7 ″) are characterized by a value determined so as to satisfy Expression (7 ″).

FIG. 1 shows a specific example of the procedure of the sixth deterioration judgment.
3 is shown.

Procedure A: When charging of the installed lithium ion battery is started, the battery voltage V is monitored by the terminal VMP of the protection IC 135. The voltage V is the charging upper limit value Vc
, The time measurement for deterioration determination is started. At the same time, the charging current value is monitored between the terminals VCC and VSS.

Step B: When the current value reaches 1/2, the time measurement ends. The required time t1 / 2 from when the charging upper limit voltage is reached to when the current value is reduced by half is recorded.

Procedure C: The degree of deterioration Deg (%) is calculated by substituting the obtained required time t into the above-mentioned deterioration determination formula (7 ').
If the required time t1 / 2b of the previous cycle is recorded and t1 / 2 <t1 / 2b, the sign of the constant -r 'is reversed instead of the deterioration determination formula (7'). The capacity estimation and the deterioration determination are performed by using the above-mentioned deterioration determination formula (7 ″) using the constant + r ′. The constant value s ″ of the deterioration determination formula (7 ″) is the acquired required time of the previous cycle. It is determined by substituting t1 / 2b and the capacity C calculated from the deterioration determination formula (7 ') into the formula (7 ").

Procedure D: The calculated result is displayed on an appropriate display.

In this way, the deterioration judgment of the secondary battery 120 is performed, and the charging capacity and the discharge power amount of the battery are determined by the electric utility 3.
0, the server 31 manages the battery, reflects it in the power generation plan and the power supply command according to the degree of deterioration of the battery, and can perform appropriate battery replacement during the service life. Can be realized.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0166]

As described above, according to the present invention, the electric utility can generate electric power or the amount of electric power required by the electric power user while effectively utilizing the waste heat generated at the facilities of the electric power generator. It is possible to provide a surplus power management system that is surely secured from a business operator and can be stably supplied to a power user and has excellent energy saving and reliability.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of each embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a specific configuration of a temperature difference battery unit and a peripheral portion thereof according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a specific example of a temperature difference battery module 50 according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cell in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the temperature difference battery in each embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the temperature difference battery in each embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the temperature difference battery in each embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the temperature difference battery in each embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the temperature difference battery in each embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a specific configuration of a temperature difference battery unit and a peripheral portion thereof according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a specific configuration of a temperature difference battery unit and a peripheral portion thereof according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a pack configuration of a lithium ion battery according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining a procedure of a sixth deterioration determination in the third embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Power company transmission network, 2 ... Communication network, 10 ... Power generation company, 11 ... Power generation equipment, 13 ... Measuring instrument, 14 ... Terminal, 15 ... Temperature difference battery unit 15 (power storage means), 20
... Consumers (power users), 21 ... Buildings, 22 ... Measuring instruments,
23 ... terminal, 30 ... electricity provider, 31 ... server, 40 ...
Generator, 50: temperature difference battery module, 60: AC / D
C converter, 61, 62 ... inverter, 120 ... secondary battery

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H02J 7/34 H02J 7/34 A F term (Reference) 5G003 AA01 AA04 BA01 DA07 EA08 GB06 5G066 HA30 HB08 HB09 JB03 JB10 5H026 AA10 CX05 EE11 HH08 5H030 AA06 AS01 AS06 BB09 FF44

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A surplus power management system in which a power company purchases surplus power of a power generation company and supplies the purchased power directly from the power generation company to a power user via a power transmission network. Power storage means capable of converting the heat generated by the power generation equipment into electric energy and storing the electric energy, and discharging the electric energy to the power transmission network, according to a supply and demand balance between the power supply of the power generation company and the power use of the power user. Control means for controlling discharge of the power storage means; and a surplus power management system. 2. The surplus power management system according to claim 1, wherein said power storage means is a temperature difference battery. 3. The surplus power management system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the power storage unit when a power supply amount of the power generation company becomes insufficient with respect to a power consumption amount of the power user. A surplus power management system, comprising: means for discharging. 4. A surplus power management system in which a power company purchases surplus power of a power generation company and directly supplies the purchased power from the power generation company to a power user via a power transmission network, Power storage means capable of storing and converting the heat generated by the power generation equipment into electric energy and charging the surplus power and discharging to the power grid, and power supply of the power generation company and power use of the power user. Control means for controlling charging and discharging of the power storage means in accordance with the supply and demand balance of the power supply system. 5. The surplus power management system according to claim 4, wherein the power storage means converts a temperature difference battery that converts heat generated in the power generation equipment into electric energy and stores the heat, and converts the surplus power into direct current and converts the surplus power into DC. A converter that outputs as power for charging the temperature difference battery, and an inverter that converts the voltage of the temperature difference battery into AC, and sends an output of the inverter to the power transmission network. Activate the converter,
A surplus power management system, comprising: means for operating the inverter at the time of discharging. 6. A surplus power management system in which an electric power company purchases surplus power of a power generation company and directly supplies the purchased power from the power generation company to a power user via a power transmission network. A temperature difference battery that converts heat generated in the power generation equipment into electric energy and stores the same, and a secondary battery connected to the temperature difference battery, and capable of charging the surplus power and discharging to the power transmission network. Means, and control means for controlling charging and discharging of the power storage means in accordance with the supply and demand balance between the power supply of the power generation company and the power usage of the power user. . 7. The surplus power management system according to claim 6, wherein the power storage means converts a heat generated in the power generation equipment into electric energy and stores the same, and a second battery connected to the temperature difference battery. A secondary battery, a converter that converts the surplus power to DC and outputs it as charging power for the secondary battery, and an inverter that performs AC conversion of the voltage of the temperature difference battery or the voltage of the secondary battery, Sending the output of the inverter to the power grid, the control means operates the converter during charging,
A surplus power management system, comprising: means for operating the inverter at the time of discharging. 8. The surplus power management system according to claim 4, wherein the control unit determines that the power supply amount of the power generation company is excessive with respect to the power usage amount of the power user. Surplus means for charging the power storage means, and discharging the power storage means when the power supply amount of the power generation company becomes insufficient with respect to the power consumption amount of the power user, Power management system. 9. The surplus power management system according to claim 4, wherein said power storage means is provided in a facility of said power generation company, and said control means is said power generation business. A first terminal provided in the facility of the user, a second terminal provided in the facility of the power user, a server capable of transmitting and receiving data to and from the first and second terminals; Means for monitoring the supply and demand balance between the power supply of the power generation company and the power usage of the power user by transmitting and receiving data to and from each terminal, and charge / discharge control according to the monitoring result provided in the server Means for instructing the first terminal,
A control unit connected to the terminal and controlling charging and discharging of the power storage means in accordance with a command received by the first terminal. 10. The surplus power management system according to claim 2, wherein the temperature difference battery is [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ^3- / [Fe (C
N) ₆ ] Using a ^4- redox ion-pair electrolyte, a high-temperature side electrode and a low-temperature side electrode are used as main electrodes, and a cation exchange membrane is arranged between the main electrodes, and is in contact with both sides of the cation exchange membrane. A surplus power management system characterized by comprising sub-electrodes. 11. The surplus power management system according to claim 6, wherein the secondary battery is a lead battery, a sealed lead battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, or the like. Features surplus power management system. 12. The surplus power management system according to claim 6, further comprising a determination unit that determines deterioration of the secondary battery. 13. The surplus power management system according to claim 12, wherein the determining unit forms a parallel circuit via a resistor for a predetermined time with respect to the secondary battery, and the secondary battery voltage at the start of the formation. And determining the deterioration of the secondary battery based on a difference between the secondary battery voltage at the time of completion of formation and the secondary battery voltage.