JP2002294233A - Disposing method of biotic organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disposing method of biotic organic wastes free from the following problems that conventional disposing methods have encountered: incineration, discarding deposition for reclamation, and ocean dumping each cause air pollution, global warming, soil contamination, water pollution and the like with a heavy environmental load and therefore cause secondary environmental pollution; disposal as a compost raw material needs a period for fermentation and aging and therefore does not allow speedy disposal, and furthermore requires with a rise in the cost facilities for treating biotic organic wastes during the period; and in a composting process where wastes are mixed with animal excretions, chemical substances included in feed for animals intermix with disposed wastes. SOLUTION: A strong acid is added to a biotic organic waste followed by stirring, and subsequently a neutralizing agent is added followed by stirring. Preferably, the pH when the strong acid is added is caused to be 2.5 or lower. Preferably, the pH in neutralizing by an alkaline neutralizing agent is caused to be 4-6. Sulfuric acid is preferably used as the strong acid. As the neutralizing agent, a porous natural calcium agent is preferably used.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[Technical field to which the present invention pertains] Woody wastes such as felled trees and driftwood of dams, construction waste materials such as electric poles and wooden houses, pruned branches, sawdust, rice hulls, etc.
Straw, coffee grounds, juice grounds, mushroom medium grounds,
So-called plant waste such as residues generated in the manufacturing process of the food industry, such as beer grounds, shochu grounds, tea grounds, and okara, carcasses of animals such as cattle that died due to mad cow disease or foot-and-mouth disease, animal waste ( Utilize human waste contaminated by mad cow disease etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as biological organic waste) for biological organic soil, organic fertilizer, special fertilizer, soil conditioner, horticultural soil, feed, etc. It relates to a method of processing so that it can be performed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the above-mentioned biological organic waste has been incinerated, dumped in landfills, dumped in the ocean, and used as a raw material for bark compost or fermented compost (for example, compost). .

[0003]

However, according to the conventional treatment method, in the case of incineration, air pollution due to the generation of organic chlorine compounds such as dioxins based on chlorine atoms in pesticides contained in biological organic wastes and carbon dioxide There are problems such as global warming due to the generation of carbon. In addition, dumping into landfills or dumping into the ocean causes soil and water pollution due to the release of harmful substances contained in the waste, and both have a large adverse effect on the environment. It can also cause secondary pollution, such as the generation of dioxins due to chemical reactions of spilled harmful substances. When used as a raw material for bark compost, insufficient fermentation causes odor due to re-fermentation, and thus usually requires a period of 5 to 6 months for sufficient fermentation and curing. Therefore, rapid treatment was not possible, and a large-scale treatment facility for treating biological organic waste was required during that time, which contributed to high costs. Furthermore, when composting by mixing with animal manure, there is a problem that the chemical substance contained in the chemical feed mixes with the animal manure and mixes with the treated waste.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating the above-mentioned biological organic waste so that it can be used as an organic fertilizer, special fertilizer, soil improvement material, horticultural soil, feed, and the like. Is to do.

[0005] The first method for treating biological organic waste of the present application is to add a strong acid to biological organic waste and stir to decompose harmful substances such as antibiotics, pesticides and heavy metals in the waste. And then adding an alkaline neutralizing agent and stirring to neutralize the biological organic waste.

The second method for treating biological organic waste according to the present application is the method for treating biological organic waste according to the first aspect, wherein the pH value of the biological organic waste is adjusted to 2.5 or less by adding a strong acid. Is a processing method.

The third method for treating biological organic waste of the present application is the method for treating biological organic waste according to the first or second aspect, wherein the pH of the biological organic waste is adjusted with an alkaline neutralizing agent. This is a processing method in which the value is set to 4 to 6.

The fourth method for treating biological organic waste of the present application is the method for treating biological organic waste according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the pH value when using a strong acid is 2.5. The following is a treatment method in which the pH value at the time of neutralization with an alkaline neutralizing agent is 4 to 6.

The fifth method for treating biological organic waste of the present application is the method for treating biological organic waste according to any one of the first to fourth methods, wherein sulfuric acid is used as a strong acid.

The sixth method for treating biological organic waste of the present application is the method for treating biological organic waste according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein a porous natural calcium agent is used as a neutralizing agent. This is a processing method using.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (Processing Step) An embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, in the present invention, a first step of adding sulfuric acid or the like to a biological organic waste and stirring and curing the same, and adding a neutralizing agent comprising an alkali component to the waste treated in the first step and stirring the waste. A second step of curing. Examples of the biological organic waste include woody waste, residues generated in the manufacturing process of the food industry, dead animals such as cattle that have died due to mad cow disease, and human waste. They can be treated alone or as a mixture of two or more.

The woody waste includes felled trees and driftwood from dams and roads, and construction wastes such as utility poles and wooden houses, pruned branches, sawdust and the like accompanying land development and construction of dams and roads. When these are processed, in order to increase the processing speed and facilitate the handling, they are finely cut into, for example, chips having a width of about 10 mm, a length of about 20 mm, and a thickness of about 5 mm.

[0013] The residues generated from the manufacturing process of the food industry include coffee grounds, juice grounds, mushroom medium grounds, beer grounds, shochu grounds, tea grounds, okara, and the like. When processing these residues, rice husks, straws, etc., they can be processed in the same size.

Animal excrement can be processed as it is, and dead animals such as cattle that have died from mad cow disease or foot-and-mouth disease can be easily processed (eg, several centimeters in granular form).
And crushed.

When the biological organic waste has a low water content, it is preferable that the water be contained up to the core in advance in order to improve the permeability of the chemicals. It is desirable to adjust the water content to be 50 to 70%. As a method of adjusting the water content, for example, a biological organic waste is put into a stirrer soaked with water and stirred as it is, or the water is sprayed on the waste and stirred. If the moisture content is high, it can be omitted. When water is impregnated as described above, the biological organic waste is treated in the first step after visually confirming that water has penetrated to the core. Those having a high water content are treated as they are in the first step.

In the first step, for example, about 3 m ³ of a stirrer is used to mix about 60% of woody waste and about 40% of a residue generated in the manufacturing process of the food industry, such as beer meal, into about 2 m of biological organic waste. Add ^{3 and} add a strong acid thereto and stir so that the pH value of the waste is 2.5 or less, preferably 2.0 or less. When the pH value is 2.5 or more, harmful substances such as antibiotics, pesticides, and heavy metals in the biological organic waste are not sufficiently decomposed. The stirring speed is preferably 20 rpm or more for efficient mixing in a short time.

The strong acid is preferably an inorganic strong acid such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid, and particularly preferably sulfuric acid. In the case of sulfuric acid, dilute sulfuric acid diluted to about 50% with water is used. In this example, the pH value was adjusted to 2 or less by injecting 10 liters of 50% diluted sulfuric acid. The decomposition of polysaccharides such as cellulose, which is a woody component, into sugars by sulfuric acid ultimately changes the biological organic waste into a porous material composed of lignin, tannin, and residual cellulose. This dissolves and decomposes not only harmful substances such as antibiotics, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. attached to the surface of the waste, but also the same harmful substances taken up inside the waste,
Bacteria and the like in the waste will die. The stirring time varies depending on the type of biological organic waste to be treated, but is preferably, for example, 50 minutes or more.

After the agitation, the mixture is cured to allow the reaction to proceed sufficiently. The curing method may be carried out by leaving it in a stirrer as it is, or the treated biological organic waste may be taken out of the room from the stirrer and carried out in the atmosphere. The curing time varies depending on the type of biological organic waste to be treated, and for example, it is usually appropriate to perform the treatment for 24 hours or more. In the case of rice husks having hard husks, etc., it is preferable to carry out for 48 hours or more. The curing time is not limited to the above-mentioned time, and can be arbitrarily selected.

In the second step, a neutralizing agent is added to the biological organic waste that has been subjected to the acid treatment in the first step, followed by stirring to neutralize the waste. Coral, which is a porous natural calcium agent, is suitable as the neutralizing agent, and is used after being ground to a size of about 2 mm. While measuring the pH value of the waste, a neutralizing agent is sequentially added, and the pH value is adjusted to 4 to 6, preferably 4.5.
To 5.5. As the stirrer in the second step, the same one as used in the first step or a different one can be used. The stirring method is performed in the same manner as in the first step, and treatment is performed by adding 60 to 70 kg of coral and stirring. The stirring time varies depending on the type of biological organic waste to be treated and the type of neutralizing agent, but it is preferable to perform the stirring for, for example, 50 minutes or more. After stirring, it is left to cure. The curing time is suitably, for example, 48 hours or more, but can be arbitrarily selected depending on the type of biological organic waste to be treated. Since coral is porous, the calcium contained therein gradually dissolves and reacts. Therefore, in the second step, 4
The pH value of the treated waste, which was 6, finally becomes about 5.5 to 7.5. The range of this pH value is a range suitable for general plant growth, and can be selected according to the use of the treated biological organic waste. As 6.5-
It is suitable to use about 7 neutral ones for ordinary vegetables and up to about 7.5 weak alkaline ones for pastures and vines. The application can be arbitrarily selected without being limited to these examples. As the neutralizing agent, for example, diatomaceous earth for enhancing the effect of the treated biological organic waste as a covering soil, pumice as a supply source of minerals, and bat garnow as a fertilizer component can be used.

The biological organic waste treated in the first and second steps is composed of decomposed products decomposed by an acid in the first step and lignin, tannin, etc., which are woody substances left undecomposed by the acid. , And a granular material containing the unreacted neutralizing agent and the like added in the second step. The particle size is 10 mm or less, and in some cases, 1/10
mm or less. These granular treated wastes are classified by particle size, for example, those having a size of up to about 3 mm are used for sowing seedlings and rice, and those having a size of about 3 to 5 mm are used for general topdressing.
Those having a size of about 10 to 10 mm are suitable for use as mulching materials for cultivation of fields and mulching for street trees. The treated waste is not limited to the above-mentioned use, but can be optionally used for other uses.

(Use of Treated Waste) When the treated waste is used as a soil conditioner, calcium ions gradually dissolve out of the unreacted porous neutralizer due to rain or the like. Thereby, soil acidification can be prevented for a long time. In addition, since the woody waste after acid decomposition and the unreacted neutralizing agent are both porous, bacteria can inhabit the micropores, and the bacteria activate the soil, and The holes have water retention and fertilizer retention properties because moisture and fertilizer can enter. Since these substances taken into the fine pores are also gradually eluted, there is an excellent slow effect of stabilizing the amount of water and the amount of fertilizer. In addition, the coral used as a neutralizing agent exhibits excellent adsorption ability to pesticides such as daconyl and orthoside, herbicides, etc., so that it can adsorb pesticides and herbicides in soil and be decomposed by microorganisms. it can.

The treated waste can be used not as a soil conditioner but also as a cultivation soil. When this waste is used as a seedling mat for sowing rice, the strength of the seedling mat is higher than that of a conventional cultivation soil. It is excellent, and when transferred to a rice transplanter, the mat is less likely to be torn or cracked, and handling is easier. In addition, since the weight of the seedling mat is reduced by about 30% of the conventional cultivation soil, handling is also easy from this aspect.

The treated waste can also be used as soil for raising turf seedlings. If the rice seedling raising device is diverted as it is, and the treated waste is used as the cultivation soil, and the lower part of the seeded seedling box is heated with a heater to raise the seedlings,
The turf has grown enough to ship in about 20 days. The period of several months required for the nursery growing method, which is a normal lawn growing method, can be greatly reduced. As a result, the rice seedling raising device that is not used during the agricultural off season can be effectively used.

[0024]

According to the method for treating biological organic waste according to the present invention, harmful substances in the biological organic waste are decomposed by a strong acid and neutralized by adding a neutralizing agent. The material can be recycled and effectively used as planting soil, fertilizer and the like. Therefore, the following effects can be obtained. (1) There is no need for incineration, landfill dumping, marine dumping, etc., so there is no concern about secondary pollution such as air pollution, global warming, soil pollution, and water pollution, and there is almost no adverse effect on the environment. (2) Compared to the conventional processing method for composting, processing can be performed in a very short period of several days, so that processing can be speeded up. (3) Biological organic waste can be treated with equipment such as a crusher and a stirrer, and special equipment for fermentation and curing is not particularly required. it can. (4) Since the treated biological organic waste can be reused as a fertilizer, a soil conditioner, a mulching material, and the like, resources can be effectively used.

In the method for treating biological organic waste according to the second aspect, the pH value of the waste is set to 2.5 or less, so that the harmful substances contained in the waste can be sufficiently decomposed with acid. Germs can be killed.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating biological organic waste, wherein the pH value of the waste is adjusted to 4 to 4 with an alkaline neutralizing agent.
6, the pH value of the final treated waste can be adjusted to 5.5 to 7.5 which is a range suitable for plant growth.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating a biological organic waste, wherein the pH of the waste is adjusted to 2.5 or less by using a strong acid, and the pH of the waste is adjusted to 4 to 6 by an alkaline neutralizing agent.
Therefore, an effect having both effects of the method for treating biological organic waste according to the second and third aspects is obtained.

In the method for treating biological organic waste according to the fifth aspect, sulfuric acid is used as a strong acid, so that the following effects are obtained. (1) Polysaccharides such as cellulose, which are difficult to decompose by living organisms, are chemically decomposed into monosaccharides with sulfuric acid, so that biological organic waste can be made porous from lignin, tannin, etc. The processing can be performed in a much shorter time than in the case where the processing is performed as follows. (2) Since dead bacteria and the like contained in biological organic wastes are killed by sulfuric acid, they do not generate a bad smell. Even manure can be processed. (3) Since pesticides that are difficult to decompose by living organisms can be chemically decomposed with sulfuric acid, the concentration of pesticides remaining in treated waste can be reduced.

The method for treating biological organic waste according to claim 6 has the following effects because a porous natural calcium agent is used as a neutralizing agent. (1) Since calcium is eluted from the porous natural calcium agent remaining in the treated waste, when the treated waste is used as a soil conditioner or the like, this becomes a calcium supply source, and In addition to preventing acidification of the soil, diseases such as crop rot caused by a lack of calcium can be prevented, and the elution of heavy metals can be suppressed because the soil is kept alkaline. (2) Since the neutralizing agent contains mineral components such as magnesium and iron, it also serves as a source of minerals to the soil. (3) Since the neutralizing agent is porous, water and fertilizer can be stored in the fine pores, so that it is excellent in water retention, fertilization, and heat retention, and keeps the water content and the amount of fertilizer constant. Has an excellent slowing effect. In addition, residual pesticides and heavy metals in the soil can be adsorbed therein, and the activation of the soil can be achieved by generating useful microorganisms therein. (4) Since the neutralizing material is porous, it is not easily clogged, and thus has excellent drainage properties.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A23K 1/06 A23K 1/06 B09B 3/00 C05F 17/00 ZAB C05F 17/00 ZAB C09K 17/06 H C09K 17/06 101: 00 // C09K 101: 00 B09B 3/00 304Z (72) Inventor Akio Ogura 1-10-12 Akumabo Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture Grand Hills 2-102 (72) Inventor Mikio Yashiro Ibaraki 2-803-304, Azuma, Tsukuba-shi (72) Inventor Hisashi Kitagawa 5-16-528-106 Matsushiro, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki F-term (reference) 2B022 AA05 AB20 BA11 2B150 BC01 BC03 CA06 CA17 CA20 CA32 CC01 CC02 CC04 CC05 CH01 4D004 AA01 AB03 AB05 BA04 BA10 CA15 CA34 CA35 CC12 DA03 DA20 4H026 AA04 AA10 AB03 4H061 AA02 CC36 CC41 CC42 CC60 FF08 GG29 GG30 GG43 GG70 HH03 HH11 HH13 HH14 LL22

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) A strong acid is added to biological organic waste and stirred to decompose harmful substances such as antibiotics, pesticides and heavy metals in the waste, and then an alkaline neutralizing agent is added and stirred. A method for treating biological organic waste. 2. The method for treating biological organic waste according to claim 1, wherein a strong acid is added to adjust the pH of the biological organic waste.
A method for treating biological organic waste, wherein the value is 2.5 or less. 3. The method for treating biological organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the biological organic waste is adjusted to 4 to 6 with an alkaline neutralizing agent. A method for treating biological organic waste. 4. The method for treating biological organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the biological organic waste is adjusted to 2.5 or less by adding a strong acid. A method for treating biological organic waste, wherein the pH value of the biological organic waste is adjusted to 4 to 6 with a waving agent. 5. The method for treating biological organic waste according to claim 1, wherein sulfuric acid is used as a strong acid. 6. The biological organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a porous natural calcium agent is used as a neutralizing agent. Waste treatment method.