JP2002293166A - Vehicle mounting structure and vehicle mounting method for instrument panel interior strength member - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To share a strength member inside an instrument panel. SOLUTION: A vehicle mounting method for the strength member 13 disposed along a vehicle width inside the instrument panel uses a common part sharable among different vehicle types as the strength member 13, and uses dedicated parts set for each vehicle type as side brackets 15 and 16 for fixing both left and right vehicle width ends of the strength member 13 to a vehicle body, to thereby mount the strength member 13 on the vehicle while the dedicated side brackets 15 and 16 set for each vehicle type absorb clearances varying according to the vehicle type between both vehicle width ends of the strength member 13 and the vehicle body.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vehicle mounting structure and a vehicle mounting method of a reinforcing member (reinforce member) extending in a vehicle width (left / right) direction inside a dashboard and fixed to a vehicle body.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a reinforcing member (reinforce member) extending in the vehicle width direction and fixed to a vehicle body is arranged inside an instrument panel of a vehicle, and a vehicle steering device and the like are supported by the reinforcing member. .

[0003]

However, conventionally, a dedicated strength member is designed for each type of vehicle and mounted on the vehicle, and a dedicated strength member is also provided depending on the difference between a right-hand drive vehicle and a left-hand drive vehicle. I was using. As a result, the types of the strength members are increased, and the cost of the strength members is increased.

[0004] In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to use a common strength member across vehicle types.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a strength member (1) arranged in a dashboard (10) so as to extend in the vehicle width direction is provided.
3) The vehicle mounting structure according to (3), wherein the strength member (13) includes a mounting portion (21, 21a) for the driver-side component (23) and a mounting portion (22, 22a) for the passenger-side component (25). Are provided symmetrically, and the left and right ends of the strength member (13) in the vehicle width direction are fixed to the vehicle body via side brackets (15, 16), respectively.

According to this, since the mounting portions (21, 21a) and (22, 22a) are provided symmetrically on the strength member (13), the part (23) on the driver's seat side and the part on the passenger's seat side are provided. (25) is changed to the left and right mounting parts (21, 21a), (22,
2a). Therefore, the strength member (13) can be shared regardless of the change of the right-hand drive vehicle and the left-hand drive vehicle.

Further, even if the width of the vehicle changes due to the change of the vehicle type and the distance between the right and left ends of the strength member (13) in the vehicle width direction and the vehicle body changes, the side brackets (15, 1) do not change.
By setting only 6) as a dedicated part adapted to the interval of each vehicle type, the strength member (13) of the common part can be fixed to the vehicle body. Therefore, the strength member (13) can be used in common even when the vehicle type changes.

[0008] As in the second aspect of the present invention, the first aspect
In the above, the components on the driver's seat side are specifically the steering support bracket (23), and the components on the passenger's seat side are specifically the airbag support bracket (25).

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, a main electrical wiring (26) held in the vehicle width direction and held by the strength member (13);
3) Electric distribution boxes (32, 3) arranged near the left and right ends of the vehicle in the vehicle width direction and electrically connected to the main electric wiring (26).
3) and electric distribution box brackets (34, 35) fixed to the left and right side brackets (15, 16) and holding the electric distribution boxes (32, 33).

According to this, the electric distribution boxes (32, 33)
Even if the location of the vehicle in the vehicle width direction changes for each vehicle type, the electric distribution box (32) can be formed by using the electric distribution box brackets (34, 35) as dedicated parts suitable for the electric distribution box position of each vehicle type. , 33) can absorb the position change for each vehicle type.
By setting the length of the main electric wiring (26) in the vehicle width direction in advance in consideration of a change in the position of the electric distribution box, the electric distribution boxes (32, 33) and the main electric wiring (2) are formed.
6) can be made. Therefore, the basic electric wiring (26) can be shared irrespective of changes in the vehicle type.

In the invention according to claim 4, the instrument panel (1)
0) A vehicle mounting method of a strength member (13) arranged so as to extend in the vehicle width direction in the vehicle, wherein the strength member (1) is provided.
3) A special part set for each vehicle type is used as a side bracket (15, 16) for fixing the left and right ends of the strength member (13) in the vehicle width direction to the vehicle body using common parts commonly used for different vehicle types. Used, strength member (1
3) The space between both ends in the vehicle width direction and the vehicle body, which varies for each vehicle type, is absorbed by dedicated side brackets (15, 16) set for each vehicle type, and the strength member (13) is mounted on the vehicle. It is characterized by doing.

According to the vehicle mounting method of the present invention, the distance between both ends of the strength member (13) in the vehicle width direction and the vehicle body is determined by using the special side brackets (15, 16) set for each vehicle type. By absorbing the change, the strength member (13)
Can be shared.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, the strength member (13) includes a mounting portion (21, 21a) for the driver-side part (23) and a passenger-side part (25). The mounting portions (22, 22a) are provided symmetrically to each other, and the driver side part (23) and the passenger seat side part (25) are attached to the left and right mounting parts according to the change of the right-hand drive vehicle and the left-hand drive vehicle. It is characterized in that it is attached to any one of (21, 21a) and (22, 22a).

Thus, even if there is a change between a right-hand drive vehicle and a left-hand drive vehicle, the passenger side part (25) and the driver side part (23) are mounted on the strength member (13) by reversing left and right. The strength member (13) can be shared between the right-hand drive vehicle and the left-hand drive vehicle.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth or fifth aspect, a main electric wiring (26) held in the vehicle width direction and held by the strength member (13), and the strength member (1).
3) Electric distribution boxes (32, 33) arranged at both ends in the vehicle width direction and electrically connected to the main electric wiring (26).
And electric distribution box brackets (34, 35) fixed to both side brackets (15, 16) and holding electric distribution boxes (32, 33). On the other hand, the common parts used in common are used. On the other hand, the electric distribution box (3
(2, 33), which is changed for each vehicle type in the vehicle width direction, is absorbed by dedicated electric distribution box brackets (34, 35) set for each vehicle type, and the main electric wiring (26).
And the electrical distribution boxes (32, 33) are electrically connected.

According to this configuration, since the brackets (34, 35) for the electric distribution box are special parts adapted to the position of the electric distribution box of each type of vehicle, the electric distribution box (32, 33) can be made similar to the third aspect. The position change for each vehicle type can be absorbed by the brackets (34, 35) for the electric distribution box. By setting the length of the main electric wiring (26) in the vehicle width direction in advance in consideration of a change in the position of the electric distribution box, the electric distribution boxes (32, 33) and the main electric wiring (26) can be connected. The main electrical wiring (26)
Can be shared regardless of changes in the vehicle type.

The reference numerals in parentheses of the above means are examples showing the correspondence with specific means described in the embodiments described later.

[0018]

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a strength member mounting structure inside an instrument panel according to a first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is an assembled state of the strength member mounting structure and an instrument panel. FIG. 3 is a plan view after the strength member mounting structure is assembled.

The instrument panel 10 is located at the front of the cabin and is equipped with instruments, audio equipment, and the like. At the approximate center of the instrument panel 10 in the vehicle width direction, a center face outlet 11 through which conditioned air is blown toward the upper body of the occupant is disposed. Side face outlets 12 through which conditioned air is blown toward the upper body of the occupant or the vehicle side window glass are provided at both ends.
Is arranged.

A strength member (reinforce member) 13 extending in the vehicle width direction is provided inside the instrument panel 10. The strength member 13 is a member whose main purpose is to support the steering device 14 and the like of the vehicle. In the present embodiment, the strength member 13 is made of aluminum,
It is formed into a cylindrical shape having a predetermined closed cross-sectional shape with a metal such as iron, and the air conditioning duct 14 is included inside the cylindrical shape.

The air conditioning duct 14 is formed of a resin having excellent heat insulation and sound absorbing properties (for example, foamable polypropylene). Therefore, the air conditioning duct 14 can be elastically deformed. Therefore, the air-conditioning duct 14 can be incorporated into the strength member 13 from the opening at the end of the strength member 13 while being elastically deformed after being formed into a shape along the cross-sectional shape of the strength member 13.

Metal (for example, aluminum, iron, etc.) side brackets 15, 16 are fixed to the left and right ends of the strength member 13 in the vehicle width direction by fastening means such as screws. The left and right end portions of the strength member 13 are fixed to the vehicle body via fastening members 16 such as screws. The side brackets 15 and 16 also serve as cap members for closing the openings at both left and right ends of the air conditioning duct 14. In addition,
FIG. 1 shows the side bracket 16 on the passenger seat side as A
Three types are illustrated for a car, a B car, and a C car.

In the strength member 13, a plate-like wiring holding portion 17 extending in the vehicle width direction is integrally formed at a portion on the vehicle front side. Furthermore, a center face opening 18 for air conditioning is provided on the upper surface side of the center portion of the strength member 13 in the vehicle width direction.
One side face opening 19 for air conditioning is provided on each of the left and right sides of the strength member 13 in the vehicle width direction.

An air conditioning unit 20 (FIG. 2) is disposed on the lower surface side of the strength member 13 at the center in the vehicle width direction, and a face blowing opening of the air conditioning unit 20 is provided in the space of the air conditioning duct 14 in the strength member 13. A plurality of communication ports (not shown) for communicating with the vehicle are provided on the lower surface side of the central portion of the strength member 13 in the vehicle width direction.

In the vehicle width direction of the strength member 13, a center face opening 18 and a side face opening 19 are provided.
Metal mounting bolts 21 and 22 are fixed to the intermediate portion between them by welding or other means. Here, the right mounting bolt 21 forms a mounting portion of the support bracket 23 of the steering device 14 in the case of a right-hand drive vehicle. Further, the left mounting bolt 22 forms a mounting portion of the support bracket 25 of the airbag device 24 in the case of a right-hand drive vehicle. Note that FIGS. 1 and 3 illustrate three types of the steering support bracket 23 and the airbag support bracket 25 for vehicles A, B, and C, respectively.

By the way, in order to share the strength member 13, the shape of the strength member 13 is made symmetrical as shown in FIG. 3 (plan view). That is, the mounting bolts 21 and 22 are set symmetrically with respect to the center line A in the vehicle width direction. Similarly, center face opening 1 for air conditioning
8, side face opening 19, and air conditioning unit 20
(Not shown) are also set symmetrically with respect to the center line A.

As shown in FIG. 1, the main electrical wiring 26
Similar to the strength member 13 (the air conditioning duct 14), the wiring is arranged in the vehicle width direction and commonly used for communication of electric signals between a plurality of electric devices inside and outside the instrument panel 10 or power supply. It is. The basic electrical wiring 26 is formed by covering a large number of conductive wires made of a conductive metal such as copper, brass, and aluminum with an electrically insulating coating layer made of a highly flexible resin material.

Connectors 27 to 31 are provided at the left and right ends of the main electric wiring 26 and at the end of the wiring branched from the intermediate part.
Is provided. Connectors 27 and 31 at both left and right ends of the main electric wiring 26 are respectively connected to the electric distribution box 32 and
It is electrically connected to a connector (not shown) of the electric distribution box 33 on the passenger seat side. The electric distribution boxes (junction boxes) 32 and 33 are provided between the electric circuit section in the engine room and the electric circuit section in the vehicle compartment, the electric circuit section in the instrument panel 10 in the vehicle compartment and the electric circuit in the vehicle body side. The distribution of electric signals, the distribution of power supply, and the like are performed between the electric circuit portion of the instrument panel 10 in the vehicle interior and the electric circuit portion on the rear seat side in the vehicle interior.

Therefore, a wiring portion for the electric distribution is formed inside the box of the electric distribution boxes 32 and 33, and
Connectors (not shown) for connection to external wiring are arranged on the outer surfaces of the boxes of the electric distribution boxes 32 and 33. Also,
The boxes of the electric distribution boxes 32 and 33 are made of resin in this example,
The locking claws 32a and 33a are integrally formed on the resin box. In this example, the two left and right electric distribution boxes 3
2 and 33 have the same shape.

On the other hand, the fixing brackets 34, 35 of the electric distribution boxes 32, 33 are made of resin or metal, and are fixed to the side brackets 15, 16 of the strength member 13 by means such as screws, as shown in FIG. You. This bracket 3
The locking grooves 34a, 35a are formed in 4, 35, and the locking claws 32a, 33a of the electric distribution boxes 32, 33 are fitted and locked in the locking grooves 34a, 35a, so that the electric distribution box 32, The bracket 33 is held and fixed to brackets 34 and 35.

In FIG. 4, reference numeral 36 denotes an electric device mounted around the instrument panel 10.
The wiring 37 is a branch line to the main electric wiring 26, and the connector 38 at the tip of the wiring 37 is electrically connected to any one of the connectors 27 to 31 on the main electric wiring 26 side.

In FIG. 1, reinforcing plate members (breaths) 39 and 40 formed of a metal such as iron are
Are located on the left and right sides of the vehicle and support and fix the middle portion of the strength member 13 in the vehicle width direction to the vehicle floor, and the upper and lower ends thereof are fixed to the strength member 13 and the vehicle floor by means such as screws. Fixed. The left and right two reinforcing plate members 39,
40 has a left-right symmetrical shape.

The air conditioning unit 20 is located at a substantially central portion in the vehicle width direction and adjusts the temperature and humidity of the air blown into the vehicle interior. For this reason, devices such as a cooling heat exchanger (evaporator) and a heating heat exchanger (hot water heater core) are built in the air conditioning unit 20.

Next, a method of mounting the strength member 13 disposed in the instrument panel 10 on a vehicle will be described.

The length L (FIG. 3) of the strength member 13 in the vehicle width direction is set in advance to a length that can be mounted even in the minimum vehicle width dimension among applicable vehicles. As the side brackets 15 and 16 fixed to the left and right end portions of the strength member 13, those dedicated to each type of vehicle that absorb the difference between the length L of the strength member 13 in the vehicle width direction and the vehicle width dimension are used. That is, by setting the protruding height H (see FIG. 1) of the side brackets 15 and 16 in the vehicle width direction to a dedicated dimension corresponding to each vehicle type, even if the strength member 13 is shared across vehicle types, The strength member 13 can be mounted on the vehicle via side brackets 15 and 16 dedicated to the vehicle type.

Each component shown in FIG. 1 is assembled into a strength member 13 as shown in FIG. 2 to form a module, and the strength member 13 is mounted on a vehicle as a module assembly. In this case, the strength member 13 is connected to the center line A in the vehicle width direction as shown in FIG.
Mounting bolts 2 of the same shape
The steering support bracket 23 and the airbag support bracket 2 are provided for the right-hand drive vehicle and the left-hand drive vehicle, since the first and second wheels 22 are arranged symmetrically.
5 is reversed left and right, and the mounting bolt 21 or the mounting bolt 2
2 can be attached.

Thus, both support brackets 23, 25
Can be attached to the common strength member 13. Therefore, for both right-hand drive cars and left-hand drive cars,
A common strength member 13 can be used.

In the present embodiment, the basic electrical wiring 26
Also make it possible to standardize across vehicle types. The main electrical wiring 26 is held by the wiring holding portion 17 so as to extend in the vehicle width direction with respect to the strength member 13.
Electric distribution boxes 32, 33 on both left and right sides even with maximum vehicle width
Is set in advance to have a length that can be electrically connected to.

As the mounting brackets 34, 35 of the electric distribution boxes 32, 33, dedicated mounting brackets 34, 35 are used for each type of vehicle in which the positions of the locking grooves 34a, 35a change in the vehicle width direction.
In FIG. 4, this is illustrated by taking the example of the mounting bracket 35 of the passenger-side electric distribution box 33 in the right-hand drive vehicle. In FIG. 4, the position of the locking groove 35a in the mounting bracket 35 for the B vehicle is shown. The position of the locking groove 35a in the mounting bracket 35 for the vehicle C is closest to the center in the vehicle width direction, and the position of the locking groove 35a is the position of the outermost in the vehicle width direction, and the locking groove in the mounting bracket 35 for the vehicle A. 3
The position 5a is an intermediate position between the vehicle B and the vehicle C.

Although FIG. 4 does not show the mounting bracket 34 of the electric distribution box 32 on the driver's seat side, the mounting bracket 34 on the driver's seat side also has the above-mentioned mounting bracket 3 on the passenger's seat side.
As in the case of No. 5, a dedicated one for each vehicle type in which the position of the locking groove portion 34a changes in the vehicle width direction is used.

As described above, the mounting bracket 3 dedicated to each vehicle type
4, 35, the electric distribution boxes 32, 33
Can absorb the change of the mounting position. The main electrical wiring 26 is set in advance so that it has a length in the vehicle width direction that can be electrically connected to the left and right electric distribution boxes 32 and 33 even in the largest vehicle width dimension among applicable vehicles. Therefore, the basic electric wiring 26 can be shared regardless of the change of the vehicle type.

(Second Embodiment) In the first embodiment, mounting bolts 21 and 22 are provided on the strength member 13, and the steering support bracket 23 and the airbag support bracket 25 are mounted on the mounting bolts 21 and 22. In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, instead of the mounting bolts 21 and 22, the mounting member 21 and the mounting hole 22a are provided on the strength member 13.
In the left-right symmetric position (three in the example shown)
And the steering support bracket 23 is attached to the mounting hole 2
The airbag support bracket 25 is screwed to the mounting hole 22a with a bolt (not shown).

According to the second embodiment, by providing a large number of mounting holes 21a and 22a in the vehicle width direction in advance, the steering support bracket 23 can be changed according to the type of vehicle.
And the fixed position of the airbag support bracket 25 can be moved more in the vehicle width direction.

By setting the mounting hole 21a and the mounting hole 22a at symmetrical positions, the support brackets 23 and 25 can be attached to the common strength member 13 for both right-hand drive vehicles and left-hand drive vehicles. It can be attached, and the strength member 13 can be shared.

(Third Embodiment) FIGS. 6 and 7 show a third embodiment, in which the airbag device 24 assembled to the instrument panel 10 is attached to the strength member 13 from below the glove box 41 (FIG. 6) of the instrument panel 10. The present invention relates to a specific configuration for enabling the support bracket 25 to be fastened and fixed.

In the third embodiment, left and right support pieces 25a of a support bracket 25 formed in a gate shape are fastened and fixed to two mounting bolts 22 of the strength member 13 by nuts 25b. A nut 25c is fixed to the center of the support bracket 25 by welding. On the other hand, a mounting piece 42 having a mounting hole 42a is fixed at a lower central portion of the airbag device 24 mounted on the instrument panel 10 side.

The airbag device 2 is provided on the instrument panel 10 side.
4, the bolt 43 is passed through the mounting hole 42 a of the mounting piece 42 of the airbag device 24 from below the glove box 41 of the instrument panel 10, and the nut positioned at the center of the support bracket 25 of the strength member 13. Tighten to 25c. Thereby, the airbag device 24 assembled on the instrument panel 10 side can be easily fastened and fixed to the strength member 13 by bolting work from the lower side of the glove box 41.

(Other Embodiments) The first and third embodiments described above
In the embodiment, the mounting bolts 2 are provided on both left and right sides of the strength member 13.
1 and 22 are provided two by two, but three or more mounting bolts 21 and 22 are provided on the left and right sides, respectively, so that the fixed positions of the steering support bracket 23 and the airbag support bracket 25 are more increased in the vehicle width direction. You may be able to move a lot.

In each of the above embodiments, the strength member 1
Although the air conditioning duct 14 is included inside the inside 3, the present invention may be applied to a normal strength member 13 not including the air conditioning duct 14 as shown in FIG.

In each of the above embodiments, the strength member 1
Although the metal members 3 and the side brackets 15 and 16 are made of metal, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the strength member 13 and the side brackets 15 and 16 may be formed of a fiber-reinforced composite resin material (Kevlar, graphite, or the like). Good.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a strength member of an air-conditioning duct and a peripheral component thereof according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an assembled state of a strength member and peripheral parts of FIG. 1 and an instrument panel.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a symmetrical shape of the strength member of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a main electric wiring and an electric distribution box part of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of a strength member and its peripheral parts according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an assembled state of a strength member and peripheral components according to a third embodiment and an instrument panel.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of a fixing structure of an airbag device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a modification of the strength member.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 instrument panel, 13 strength member, 15, 16 side bracket, 23 steering support bracket, 25
Airbag support bracket, 26 ... main electric wiring, 3
2, 33: Electric distribution box, 34, 35: Electric distribution box bracket.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takeshi Kawai 1-1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Prefecture Inside Denso Corporation (72) Inventor Takashi Tanaka 1-1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Prefecture Denso Corporation F term (reference) 3D003 AA01 AA11 AA18 CA05 CA06 CA09 CA36 DA09 DA10 DA11 DA13 3D044 BA11 BA13 BB01 BC21 BC30

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A vehicle mounting structure of a strength member (13) disposed in a dashboard (10) so as to extend in a vehicle width direction, wherein the strength member (13) includes a driver seat side component (23). ) And the mounting portions (22, 22a) of the passenger seat side part (25) are provided symmetrically with respect to the left and right sides of the strength member (13). A vehicle-mounted structure for a strength member in an instrument panel, which is fixed to a vehicle body via brackets (15, 16). 2. The instrument panel according to claim 1, wherein the driver-side component is a steering support bracket (23), and the passenger-side component is an airbag support bracket (25). Vehicle-mounted structure of inner strength members. 3. A basic electric wiring (26) held by the strength member (13) and extending in the vehicle width direction, and disposed near the left and right ends of the strength member (13) in the vehicle width direction. An electric distribution box (32, 33) electrically connected to the wiring (26); and an electric distribution box fixed to the left and right side brackets (15, 16), respectively, for holding the electric distribution box (32, 33). The structure for mounting a strength member in an instrument panel on a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a bracket (34, 35). 4. A method for mounting a strength member (13) arranged in a dashboard (10) so as to extend in a vehicle width direction, wherein the strength member (13) is commonly used for different vehicle types. The vehicle of the strength member (13) uses dedicated parts set for each vehicle type as side brackets (15, 16) for fixing left and right ends of the strength member (13) in the vehicle width direction to the vehicle body, respectively. The space between both ends in the width direction and the vehicle body, which varies for each vehicle type, is absorbed by dedicated side brackets (15, 16) set for each vehicle type, and the strength member (13) is mounted on the vehicle. A method for mounting a strength member in an instrument panel on a vehicle. 5. A mounting part (21, 21a) for a driver-side part (23) and a mounting part (22, 22a) for a passenger-side part (25) are symmetrical to the strength member (13). The driver-side part (23) and the passenger-side part (2)
5), the left and right mounting portions (21, 21a), (22, 22) are changed according to the change of the right-hand drive vehicle and the left-hand drive vehicle.
The method for mounting a strength member in an instrument panel on a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the method is attached to any one of (a). 6. A main electric wire (26) held by the strength member (13) and extending in the vehicle width direction, and disposed at both ends of the strength member (13) in the vehicle width direction, the main electric wire (26). An electric distribution box (32, 33) electrically connected to the electric distribution box (26); and an electric distribution box bracket (34) fixed to the both side brackets (15, 16) and holding the electric distribution box (32, 33). , 35) using common parts commonly used for different vehicle types as the basic electric wiring (26), and using exclusive parts set for each vehicle type as the electric distribution box brackets (34, 35). An arrangement portion of the electric distribution box (32, 33) in the vehicle width direction that changes for each vehicle type is absorbed by a dedicated electric distribution box bracket (34, 35) set for each vehicle type, and Said a gas line (26) the electrical distribution box (32,3
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
A method for mounting a strength member in an instrument panel according to the above item on a vehicle.