JP2002284286A - Leveling pad fitting method of container carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the fitting efficiency of a leveling pad of a container carrier. SOLUTION: In a fitting method of the leveling pad 11 which are fixed to a hold bottom of the container carrier in which a plurality of rows of containers 3 of 20' and 40' in length are loaded in a hold 2 so that the longitudinal direction of the container carrier 1 is coincide with the longitudinal direction of the containers 3, and uniformly abutted on four corners of the containers 3 to support the containers 3, large pads 11a which are provided in the center of the longitudinal direction of the hold 2 to support corners of four containers of 20' in length and medium pads 11b which are provided on forward and rear ends of the hold 2 and provided at every other fitting position so as to support the corners of two containers 3 of 20' or 40' in length are fitted in advance before hull blocks are mounted. On the other hand, small pads 11c which are fitted at the middle position between the medium pads 11b located at the forward and rear ends of the hold 2 to support the corners of one container of 20' or 40' in length are fitted to the height calculated from the measurement of the actual height of the large pads 11a and the medium pads 11b after hull blocks are mounted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mounting method of a leveling pad which is fixed to the bottom of a container ship and is supported in four corners of a container so as to evenly contact and support the four corners.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A container ship is a dedicated ship for transporting containers. Container dimensions are unified by international standards,
Mainly 8 'x 8' x 20 ', 8' x 8'-6 "x 2
A system of 0 ', 8' x 8 '-6 "x 40' is used. Cargo is transported in a container, which makes mechanization and computerization of cargo handling much possible and improves cargo handling efficiency. The size of a container ship is generally expressed in terms of the number of containers, for example, 2000 TEU container ships, where TEU stands for twenty feet equivalent unit. In general, many container ships use a container crane installed on land to load and unload containers.

In a hold, a cell guide (cell) is provided.
Guide rails, which are assembled with angle materials called guides), are provided in the vertical direction, and the containers are stored in the storehouses such that building blocks are stacked along the cell guides. The number of stages in the warehouse is 4 to 9 stages depending on the size of the ship. Also, since the container has a structure that can withstand the weather,
It is also stacked on the upper deck and hatch cover in three to five levels. The container on the upper deck and hatch cover is fixed to the hull by lashing devices. The size of the container ship is generally designed to be less than 32.2m so that the Panama Canal can pass. In addition, many liners have 1,000 to 3,000 TEUs, but recently 3,000 to 4,000
Many large ships such as OTEU have been built. More recently, over Panamax-type container vessels with a width of 32.2 m or more have been built, and large vessels such as 4,500 to 6,600 TEU have been built.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a state in which containers 3 are loaded in the hold 2 of the container ship 1 and on the hatch cover. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the leveling pad at the center in the front-rear direction. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the hold bottom (a view taken along the line AA in FIG. 5) and illustrates a case where 13 rows of containers 3 are loaded in the hold 2 in the width direction of the container ship 1. In these figures, 5 is a leveling pad, 6 is a sliding chock, 7 is an arrow indicating the front and rear direction of the container ship 1, 8
Is a bulkhead and 9 is a ship side wall. 20 'container 3
a and 40 'container 3b, so-called twin twe
The 40 'hold of the nty stack has a bulkhead 8 and a cell guide at the front and rear ends. The 40 'hold 2 may be loaded with the 40' container from the bottom, but when the 20 'container 3a and the 40' container 3b are loaded together, the lower 4 out of the 8 to 9 stages loaded in the hold 2 will be described. 20 'on the tier
Two containers 3a are stacked before and after, and a 40 'container 3b is stacked thereon and pressed. In such a case, the cell guide is not provided at the center since the cell guide is located in the center of the 40 'hold 2 in the front-rear direction when the 40' container 3b is loaded. Therefore, when two 20 'containers 3a are stacked in the 40' hold 2, the center-side end of the 20 'container may be shifted in the left-right direction. I have.

When the lowermost container 2 is directly mounted on the bottom 4 when the containers 3 are loaded in the hold 2, the bottom 4 does not always have sufficient flatness. Gaps are formed and storage stability is reduced. Therefore, a leveling pad 5 is fixedly disposed on the bottom 4 as shown in FIG. At the front and rear ends of the 40 'hold 2, two leveling pads 5 are arranged as a set 5b, and at the center in the front and rear direction, four leveling pads 5 are provided.
Are arranged as a set 5a. The front and rear end leveling pads 5b support the corners of the 20 'container 3a or 40' container 3b, and the leveling pads 5a at the center are 20 '.
The corner of the container 3a is supported. The size of the leveling pad 5 is usually about 200 mm × 170 mm.

When the four corners of the container 3 are supported by the leveling pads 5, the four corners can be evenly brought into contact with the four corners only if their upper surfaces are located on the same surface. If they are not located on the same surface, one of the four leveling pads 5 will not come into contact with the container 3 and the stability during storage of the container 3 will be impaired.

[0007]

In the above-mentioned conventional mounting method of the leveling pad 5, (1) the number of small pads is large, and the mounting is troublesome. (2) After mounting the hull blocks so that the upper surfaces of all the leveling pads 5 are flush with each other, the leveling pads 5 need to be mounted while measuring in a culvert, which is troublesome. (3) For 20 'container,
Since the flatness is separately adjusted for the 40 'container, it is troublesome. There is such a problem.

The present invention has been devised in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and reduces the number of leveling pads 5 and greatly reduces the time and labor required for installation at a ditch in a container ship. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of mounting a pad.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, a method for mounting a leveling pad of a container ship according to the present invention is to place containers 20 'and 40' in a hold so that the longitudinal direction of the ship coincides with the longitudinal direction of the container. A leveling pad attached to the bottom of a container ship mixedly loaded in a plurality of rows so as to abut equally at the four corners of the container to support the container.
Large pads for supporting the corners of two 20 'containers, and medium-sized pads provided at the front and rear ends of the hold and provided at every other mounting position to support the corners of two 20' or 40 'containers Is a small pad that is attached before the hull block is mounted, is attached to the middle position of the medium-sized pad located at the front and rear ends of the hold, and supports the corner of one 20 'or 40' container. The pad and the medium-sized pad are mounted so as to have a height calculated from the measured actual height of the pad.

The middle pads provided at the front and rear ends of the hold are preferably thicker than the large pads provided at the center in the front and rear direction of the hold.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. In order for the leveling pads supporting the container to evenly contact the four corners of the container, the upper surfaces of the leveling pads need only be on the same plane. A necessary and sufficient condition for four points forming a rectangle in a plan view to be on the same plane is that diagonal lines connecting two points intersect each other. That is, the heights of the diagonal midpoints need only be equal. Therefore, three of the four leveling pads that support the four corners of the container may be of any height, so that blocks of a predetermined thickness are blocked regardless of the actual flatness of the bottom of the ship. Before mounting, attach to the bottom of the ship. For the last one, measure the height from the reference plane of the upper surface of the three leveling pads attached earlier, and from the condition that the height of the midpoint of the diagonal line is equal Calculate the height of the leveling pad to be attached last, and attach it to that height.

A large pad provided at the center in the front-rear direction of the hold and supporting the corners of four 20 'containers, and a large pad provided at the front and rear ends of the hold to support the corners of two 20' or 40 'containers. The medium-sized pad provided at every other mounting position may have any final height of the upper surface. The small pad attached to the middle position of the middle pad located at the front and rear ends of the hold and supporting the last corner of the container is calculated from the measured height of the top surface of the three leveling pads. Determine the height so that the height can be obtained by mounting. It is clear that mounting the large, medium and small leveling pads in this manner evenly supports the four corners of the 20 'container when two 20' containers are placed in the 40 'hold.

In this way, 20 'is held in the 40' hold.
When the large, medium, and small leveling pads are attached so as to place two containers, when the 40 'container is placed, the medium and small leveling pads provided at the front and rear ends are longer than the 40' container. The problem is whether or not the four corners are on the same plane so as to support them equally.
However, it can be seen that the leveling pads mounted to support the 20 'container equally support the 40' container, as evidenced by later calculations.

The middle pad provided at the front and rear ends of the hold is thicker than the large pad provided at the center in the front-rear direction of the hold, and the height of the upper surface of the medium pad from the reference surface in the attached state is higher than the height of the upper surface of the large pad. According to the calculation, the height of the upper surface of the small pad is also higher than that of the large pad, as in the case of the medium pad.
When the 0 'container is placed, the upper surface of the large pad hits the center of the container, that is, there is no possibility of so-called belly striking.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the bottom of a hold, and is a layout view of a leveling pad attached by a method for attaching a leveling pad according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a large pad. In these figures, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts as those in FIGS. 5 to 7 used for the description of the conventional technology, and the duplicated description will be omitted. In the figure, 2 is a hold and a 20 'container 3a
(Indicated by an X mark connecting the center in the front-rear direction to the front or rear end in FIG. 1) and a 40 'container 3b (indicated by an X mark connecting the front and rear ends in FIG. 1) can be mixed. Reference numeral 11 denotes a leveling pad fixed to the ship bottom 4 and abutting evenly on four corners of the container 3 to support the container. 11a is a large pad provided at the center in the front direction of the hold 2, and four 20 'containers 3
Support the corner of a. As shown in FIG. 2, the sliding pad 6a is fixed to the center of the large pad 11a.

11b is provided at the front and rear ends of the hold 2,
This is a medium-sized pad provided at every other mounting position so as to support the corners of two 20 'containers 3a or 40' containers 3b. The large-sized pad 11a and the medium-sized pad 11b have the same thickness, and are mounted on the inner bottom plate 4 in the factory before the hull block is mounted on the building dock. The middle pad 11b is thicker than the large pad 11a.

Reference numeral 11c denotes a small pad which is attached to an intermediate position of the middle pad 11b located at the front and rear ends of the hold.
It supports the corners of the individual 20 'container 3a or 40' container 3b. After mounting the hull block on the building dock, the small pad 11c measures the height of the upper surface of the large pad 11a and the medium pad 11b from the reference plane, and calculates the height calculated by the following formula from the actual measurement value obtained. It is attached so that it becomes.

For example, in the 20 'container 3a at the location A in FIG. 1, a, b, and c are pre-attached, and when x is attached, the flatness is adjusted by its thickness. Place B 2
In the 0 'container 3a, a, b, and d are attached in advance, and the flatness is adjusted with the thickness of y. In addition, the adjustment of the plate thickness is adjusted to less than 3 mm using a shim plate.
And further adjustments using different thicknesses. When the heights of the locations A and B are separately adjusted in this manner, the cxdy supporting the 40 'container 3b automatically becomes flush.

This will be proved with reference to FIG. FIG.
, The heights of the four pre-attached leveling pads 11 from the reference plane are a, b, c, and d. Height x from the reference plane of the remaining two leveling pads 11 for pacing,
y. x is adjusted from the measured values of a, b, and c, and y is adjusted from the measured values of a, b, and d. In order for a, b, c, and x to be on the same plane, the height of the midpoint of the line segment ax and the line segment cb only needs to be equal, so that the equation (1) holds. x = b + ca (1)

Also, in order for a, b, d, and y to be on the same plane, the height of the midpoint of the line segment ay and the line segment bd only needs to be equal, so that equation (2) holds. y = b + da (2) From the above, the height of the middle point of the line segment cy is given by the expression (3). (C + y) / 2 = (c + b + da) / 2 (3) The height of the middle point of the line segment dx is given by the expression (4). (D + x) / 2 = (d + b + ca) / 2 (4) Since the right sides of the equations (3) and (4) are the same, c, d,
It can be seen that x and y are on the same plane.

By the way, assuming that the error at the time of x adjustment is Δx and the error at the time of y adjustment is Δy, x = b + ca ± Δx (5) y = b + da ± Δy (6) c, d , X, the height y 'at the y position is: y' = x + dc = b + ca ± △ x + dc = b + da ± △ x (7) According to equations (6) and (7), 40 'The error generated in the pad for the container 3b is as follows: y'-y = b + da ± Δx−b−d + a− (± Δy) = ± Δx− (± Δy) (8) That is, in the worst case, 40 Since the error for the 'container 3b is twice as large as that for the 20' container 3a,
At the time of adjustment for a, it is necessary to mount it while aiming at half of the allowable value for the 40 'container 3b. However, if △ x and △ y have the same sign (similarly in the higher direction), the accuracy for the 40 ′ container 3b is improved without doing so.

Next, the so-called belly stroke will be described.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hold 2 portion of the double-bottomed container ship 1. When the large pad 11a at the center in the front-rear direction is higher than the middle pad 11b and the small pad 11c at the front and rear ends when the 40 'container 3b is placed on the twin twenty feet hold, as shown in FIG. ′
It hits the belly of the container 3b. Then, container 3b
Not only the stability during storage of the container is lost but also the 40 'container 3b may be damaged. In order to prevent this, the middle pad 11b provided at the front and rear ends is thicker than the large pad 11a provided at the center in the front and rear direction, and when actually measured with the pad attached to the inner bottom plate 4, c and c are larger than a shown in FIG. Make d higher. Then, from Equations (1) and (2), x and y are also (ca)
And (da) are higher than b, and the belly stroke shown in FIG. 3 does not occur.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. As described above, the three types of the large pad 11a, the medium pad 11b, and the small pad are adopted as the leveling pad 11, so that the number of parts is greatly reduced. For example, FIG.
When FIG. 7 is compared with FIG. 7, what is 104 in FIG. 7 is 54 in FIG. Therefore, the welding length is also reduced, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved. In particular, as shown in FIG. 4, four leveling pads 5 are mounted around the sliding chock 6 in the conventional example. However, the gap between the sliding chock 6 and the sliding chock 6 was so small that welding was difficult, but in the present invention, as shown in FIG. Thus, welding work in a narrow place is eliminated. Also, the large pad 11a and the medium pad b are installed in the factory before mounting the hull block, not in the culvert, so that the construction efficiency is improved. Further, measurement and adjustment work of the leveling pad 11 for the 40 'container 3b can be omitted.

[0024]

As described above, the mounting method of the leveling pad of the container ship according to the present invention is such that the large pad and the medium pad are pre-installed before the hull block is mounted, and only the small pad is mounted at the site in the culvert. As a result, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, and there are excellent effects such as cost reduction.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a layout view of a leveling pad attached by a method for attaching a leveling pad of a container ship according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a large pad.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a belly hit state.

FIG. 4 is a layout view of a leveling pad.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the container ship.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conventional leveling pad at the center in the front-rear direction.

FIG. 7 is a layout diagram 2 of a conventional leveling pad.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Container ship 2 Hold 3 Container 4 Inner bottom plate 7 Arrow showing front-back direction 11 Leveling pad 11a Large pad 11b Medium pad 11c Small pad

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Containers 20 'and 40' are fixed to the bottom of a container ship mixedly loaded in a plurality of rows such that the longitudinal direction of the ship and the longitudinal direction of the container coincide with each other in the hold. A mounting method of a leveling pad which abuts and supports a container, comprising a large pad provided at the center in the front-rear direction of the hold and supporting corners of four 20 'containers, and two large pads provided at the front and rear ends of the hold. 2
The medium-sized pads provided at every other mounting position so as to support the corners of the 0 'or 40' container are attached before the hull block is mounted, and attached to the middle positions of the medium-sized pads located at the front and rear ends of the hold. And one 20 '
Alternatively, the small pad supporting the corner of the 40 'container is mounted so as to have a height obtained by measuring the actual height of the large pad and the medium pad after mounting the hull block. How to attach the leveling pad. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the medium-sized pads provided at the front and rear ends of the hold are thicker than the large pads provided at the center in the front and rear direction of the hold.