JP2002281935A - Shark cartilage extract and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a shark cartilage extract having low arsenic content and no nasty taste and smell and suitable for food materials, and to provide a method for producing the extract. SOLUTION: The method for producing the shark cartilage extract having low arsenic content and no nasty taste and smell comprises extracting a shark cartilage extracted solution from shark cartilage raw material previously washed in water, decoloring and deodorizing the resultant shark cartilage extracted solution as it is or after being enzymically hydrolyzed, and subjecting the resultant decolored and deodorized shark cartilage extracted solution or its enzymically hydrolyzed solution to a separation film treatment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a shark cartilage extract having a low arsenic content and having no off-flavor and off-flavor, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Shark cartilage extract is widely used as a health food material, and its main component is sodium chondroitin sulfate which is a polysaccharide having a molecular weight of about 100,000 to several hundred thousand. Chondroitin sulfate is widely distributed in the human body, and is particularly used in health foods for the purpose of improving osteoarthritis and cosmetics because it is contained abundantly in cartilage and skin of joints.

[0003] Shark cartilage extracts currently available on the market have a chondroitin sodium sulfate content of 10 to 40%, and are used depending on the purpose of use and price. In addition, sodium chondroitin sulfate with a high degree of purification (about 85% or more) is used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals, but is expensive and hard to use in the food field.

Heretofore, shark cartilage extracts have been obtained from shark cartilage raw materials such as shark fins by extraction with an alkaline solution or a neutral salt solution, or by the addition of a protease to decompose and remove coexisting proteins. The extract is contacted with a solid adsorbent to decolorize and deodorize, and then spray-dried.

[0005]

However, shark cartilage raw materials contain more arsenic than other raw materials such as bovine and salmon cartilage, and are enriched in the extraction and purification processes (conventionally). Arsenic content of shark cartilage extract of rice: 40-50 pp
m), the value of the product has been significantly reduced.

[0006] Furthermore, shark cartilage raw materials contain a specific lower amine and the like, and the deodorizing treatment with the solid adsorbent alone as described above is insufficient to remove the off-flavor components.
Offensive odor remained in the final product.

[0007] Further, in the above-mentioned enzymatic method, it is difficult to remove a bitter peptide produced by a protease.
Had an adverse effect on quality.

On the other hand, methods for precipitating and recovering mucopolysaccharides with alcohol, purification methods using columns, and the like are difficult to apply to food materials because the steps are complicated and unsuitable for mass production.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a shark cartilage extract which has a low arsenic content, has no off-flavor and off-flavor, and is suitable for food materials, and a method for producing the same.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, a shark cartilage extract of the present invention comprises a shark cartilage extract obtained by subjecting an extract extracted from a shark cartilage raw material previously washed with water to a separation membrane treatment. Wherein the arsenic content is 5 ppm or less.

This shark cartilage extract has a very low arsenic content as compared with the conventional shark cartilage extract, so that it has high safety and has no off-flavor and odor, so that it can be used for a wide range of foods.

Further, the method for producing a shark cartilage extract of the present invention comprises a step of washing a shark cartilage raw material with water, a step of extracting a shark cartilage extract from the washed shark cartilage raw material, and a shark cartilage obtained in the above step. The cartilage extract as it is or after enzymatic degradation, decolorization, deodorizing step, decolorization obtained in the above step,
Subjecting the deodorized shark cartilage extract or its enzymatically decomposed solution to a separation membrane treatment.

According to the present invention, by shaking the shark cartilage raw material in advance with water, most of the off-flavor components contained in the raw material can be easily removed. Then, the extract obtained from the raw material is directly or enzymatically decomposed, decolorized and deodorized, and further subjected to a separation membrane treatment, whereby arsenic, off-flavor and off-flavor components can be efficiently removed.

In the above production method, it is preferable that the extraction of the shark cartilage extract from the washed shark cartilage material is performed by adding water to the washed shark cartilage material and heating under pressure. According to this aspect, unnecessary proteins that are originally insoluble are not eluted, and the mucopolysaccharide can be efficiently extracted.

The decolorization and deodorization of the shark cartilage extract or the enzyme decomposition solution thereof are preferably performed by bringing the shark cartilage extract or the enzyme decomposition solution into contact with a solid adsorbent. According to this aspect, the coloring of the extract produced in the extraction step and the off-flavor component that could not be removed by washing with water can be removed with good workability.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, shark cartilage raw material is
Refers to the part containing cartilage such as shark fins and crabs. In the present invention, dried fin products that are relatively easily available and easy to handle are preferably used.

The shark cartilage extract of the present invention can be extracted by the following method.・ Water washing treatment First, the shark cartilage raw material is washed with water. By washing with water, most of the off-flavor components contained in the shark cartilage raw material can be easily removed.

The temperature of the washing water is preferably 120 ° C. or less,
40 to 100 ° C is particularly preferred. Wash water temperature is 120
If the temperature exceeds ℃, the desired mucopolysaccharide flows out, which is not preferable.

The washing may be carried out only by sprinkling water, but is preferably carried out by immersion in terms of efficiency.
For example, to the extent that the raw material is completely immersed (usually,
5 times the amount of water) for about 10 to 120 minutes. The number of times of washing is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 1 to 3 times. The cleaning efficiency can be increased by using cleaning water to which an alkali, a salt or the like is added (for example, cleaning water adjusted to pH 9 to 11 with sodium hydroxide).

Extraction of Shark Cartilage Extract from Shark Cartilage Raw Material The method for extracting the extract from the water-washed shark cartilage raw material is not particularly limited, and any known method can be employed. For example, a method of extracting with an alkaline solution, a method of using a protease, and a method of extracting with hot water can be employed.

[0021] When employing a method of extracting with an alkaline solution, the alkaline solution to be used is, for example, 0.3 to
1.0 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and the like can be mentioned. Then, for example, 1 to 5 times the amount of the alkali solution is added to 100 parts by mass of the shark cartilage raw material,
After extraction for 3 hours, the extract is neutralized and subjected to solid-liquid separation by filtration or the like, whereby a shark cartilage extract can be obtained.

[0022] When a method using a protease is employed, the protease used is not particularly limited, and a protease generally used in food production can be used. Then, for example, using an enzyme of 0.05 to 1% by mass of the shark cartilage raw material, the reaction is performed under the optimum conditions of the enzyme, and the enzyme is appropriately inactivated, followed by solid-liquid separation by filtration or the like. Thus, a shark cartilage extract can be obtained.

[0023] When using the hot water extraction method,
For example, 1 to 5 times the amount of water is added to 100 parts by mass of shark cartilage raw material and heated, and after reaching 100 to 140 ° C., the mixture is extracted by holding for 0 to 5 hours. Separation gives a shark cartilage extract.

In the present invention, a method of extracting with hot water,
In particular, a method of extracting by heating under pressure is preferably employed. According to this method, decomposition of mucopolysaccharide can be prevented,
Extraction can be performed efficiently in a relatively short time. Specifically, it is most preferable to add 1 to 5 times the amount of water to 100 parts by mass of the shark cartilage raw material, heat the mixture, and after reaching 110 to 130 ° C., hold for 0.5 to 3 hours to extract. preferable.

Enzymatic degradation treatment of shark cartilage extract The shark cartilage extract obtained by the above method is preferably further treated with a protein hydrolase to reduce the protein contained in the extract to a low molecular weight. By treating the shark cartilage extract with a protein hydrolyzing enzyme to reduce the molecular weight of the protein, the viscosity of the extract can be reduced, and the efficiency of the subsequent decolorization, deodorization step, and separation membrane treatment step can be increased. Can be. When shark cartilage extract is prepared by the method using the above protease, it is not necessary to perform this step because the protein has already been reduced in molecular weight.

The above-mentioned protease is not particularly limited, and a protease generally used in food production can be used. However, peptidases are less preferred because of their poor ability to reduce viscosity.

The amount of the enzyme to be added, the reaction temperature and the treatment time can be appropriately set.
It is preferable to set so as to be 0 cps or less, preferably 50 cps or less.

Decolorization and deodorization treatment The shark cartilage extract obtained by the above method or its enzymatic decomposition solution is decolorized and deodorized. For the method of decolorization and deodorization, it is preferable to use a solid adsorbent from the viewpoint of workability. As the solid adsorbent, activated carbon, alumina, silica gel, activated clay and the like can be used in appropriate combination. For example, 0.5 to 5
After adding the active carbon of mass% and stirring at 50 to 90 ° C. for 15 minutes to 3 hours, the liquid part may be collected by filtration.

Separation membrane treatment The above decolorized and deodorized liquid is further subjected to a separation membrane treatment. This separation membrane treatment makes it possible to easily remove arsenic from shark cartilage raw materials, which has been difficult to remove in the past, and almost completely remove off-flavor and off-odor components such as peptides.

As the separation membrane used in the present invention, an NF membrane having a salt rejection of 10 to 60% is preferable. If the salt rejection of the separation membrane is out of the above range, the loss of mucopolysaccharides is large and the yield is lowered, and unpleasant and odor components such as arsenic and peptides are not sufficiently removed, which is not preferable.

The conditions for the separation membrane treatment can be set as appropriate. Usually, the treatment solution is diluted with water so as to have a solid concentration of about 15% by mass or less, and the treatment is performed at pH 4 to 6 and at a liquid temperature of 60 ° C. or less. Is preferred. Also, at this time, while appropriately adding water,
Permeate 1 to 10 times, preferably 3 to 5 times the volume of the extract.

[0032]

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.

Example 1 5 kg of dried shark fin was placed in 15 L of water at 80 ° C.
After immersion for 0 minutes, it was taken out. To this, 15 L of water was added and heated. After reaching 120 ° C., the mixture was held for 2 hours to extract.

After cooling, solids were removed with a mesh to obtain 16 kg of a shark cartilage extract (solid content: 12% by mass).

The shark cartilage extract was mixed with a protein hydrolase (manufactured by AmanoEnzyme, trade name "Protease P-
3G ") and reacted at 50 ° C. for 1 hour.

Subsequently, powdery activated carbon (trade name “Takecol 50WR”, manufactured by Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added to the enzyme decomposition solution.
After adding 50 g and stirring at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, the activated carbon was filtered off to recover 15 kg of a solution (solid content: 10% by mass).

This solution was subjected to a separation membrane treatment using an NF membrane having a salt rejection of 10% (trade name “NTR-7410S2” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation).

The operating conditions were as follows: inlet pressure 1 MPa, flow rate 7 L
The reaction was carried out at a liquid temperature of 30 ° C., and water was added appropriately to the concentrated liquid side to keep the liquid amount constant (about 15 L), and the treatment was carried out until the permeated liquid amount became 45 L. The obtained concentrate was spray-dried by a conventional method to obtain 1 kg of a shark cartilage extract (powder).

Comparative Example 1 A shark cartilage extract (powder) was obtained in the same manner as in Example except that the dried shark fin was used as it was without washing with water.

Comparative Example 2 In Example, the solution that was decolorized and deodorized was spray-dried as it was without performing NF membrane treatment, and a shark cartilage extract (powder) was used.
I got

The components of the shark cartilage extract obtained in each of the above examples were analyzed. Table 1 shows the results. In addition,
Arsenic was quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and chondroitin sulfate was quantified by barium sulfate gravimetric method.

Further, sensory evaluation was conducted on smell and taste by 10 panelists. Table 1 shows the results.
Shown in In the table, ◎: very weak odor (no off-taste), ：: weak odor (no off-taste),
Δ: Strong smell (slightly off-flavor), ×: Extremely strong smell (slightly off-flavor).

[0043]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, it can be seen that the shark cartilage extract of Example obtained by subjecting a shark cartilage extract extracted from a shark cartilage material which had been washed with water in advance to a separation membrane treatment was the shark cartilage extract of Comparative Example 2 which was not subjected to the separation membrane treatment. It can be seen that the arsenic content is very low, the odor is low, and the taste is good as compared with the product.

Further, it can be seen that the shark cartilage extract of Comparative Example 1 in which the raw material was used without washing with water had a low arsenic content, but was inferior in smell and taste as compared with Examples.

[0046]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By pre-washing the shark cartilage raw material with water, most of the off-flavor components contained in the raw material can be easily removed, and the extract obtained from the raw material as it is or by enzymatic decomposition to decolorize
By deodorizing and further treating with a separation membrane, arsenic, off-flavor and off-flavor components can be efficiently removed. As a result, it is possible to provide a shark cartilage extract having a low arsenic content and having no off-flavor and off-flavor.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A shark cartilage extract obtained by subjecting an extract extracted from a shark cartilage raw material previously washed with water to a separation membrane, wherein the shark cartilage extract has an arsenic content of 5 ppm or less. object. 2. A step of washing a shark cartilage raw material with water, a step of extracting a shark cartilage extract from the washed shark cartilage raw material, and a decolorization of the shark cartilage extract obtained in the above step as it is or after enzymatic decomposition. And a step of deodorizing, and a step of subjecting the decolorized and deodorized shark cartilage extract obtained in the above step or the enzyme-decomposed solution thereof to a separation membrane treatment. 3. The shark cartilage extraction according to claim 2, wherein the extraction of the shark cartilage extract from the washed shark cartilage material is performed by adding water to the washed shark cartilage material and heating under pressure. Method of manufacturing a product. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein decolorization and deodorization of the shark cartilage extract or the enzyme decomposition solution thereof are performed by bringing the shark cartilage extract or the enzyme decomposition solution thereof into contact with a solid adsorbent. A method for producing a shark cartilage extract.