JP2002281774A - Opposing magnet type thermomagnetic engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To arrange a magnetic pole so that a line of magnetic force does not leak and distribution in the line of magnetic force becomes uniform as much as possible, and to increase the output of a thermomagnetic engine. SOLUTION: The opposing magnet type thermomagnetic engine comprises a freely rotatable rotational drum 1 that is made of a thermally sensitive material and is formed in a cylindrical shape, an opposing magnet 2 that is arranged inside and outside the rotational drum 1 while the magnetic poles 2a and 2b are opposite each other on the inner- and outer-periphery surfaces of the rotational drum 1, a heating region 5 that is formed by heating one portion of the rotational drum 1, and a cooling region 6 that is formed by cooling the other of the rotation drum 1. In this case, the rotational drum 1 should be rotated by Maxwell stress F generated by difference in the temperature between the heating and cooling regions 5 and 6. The magnetic poles 2a and 2b are oppositely arranged while the wall body of the rotational drum 1 is pinched, thus allowing the line 3 of magnetic force to pass orthogonally to the rotation drum 1. In addition, density in the line 3 of magnetic force is uniform, thus causing the Maxwell stress to be generated by utilizing the entire line of magnetic force, and hence increasing the output of the thermomagnetic engine.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a thermomagnetic engine in which Maxwell stress acting on a cylindrical rotary drum made of a temperature-sensitive magnetic material (or also referred to as a thermosensitive magnetic material) is used as a rotational driving force. The present invention relates to a thermomagnetic engine in which the lines of magnetic force acting on a rotating drum are made more efficient to increase the generation efficiency of Maxwell stress.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG.
When the plate A made of two kinds of ferromagnetic materials A1 and A2 having different B2 is magnetically saturated by the magnetic field H of the permanent magnet M, Maxwell stress acts on the boundary surface A3 between the ferromagnetic materials A1 and A2, A force F from the large saturation magnetic flux density B2 to the small saturation magnetic flux density B1 is applied to the body A, F = 1/2 ▽ (B ·
The occurrence of H) is a widely known event.

[0003] In recent years, the development of temperature-sensitive magnetic materials having temperature and magnetic characteristics in which the saturation magnetic flux density sharply decreases near the Curie temperature has been advanced, and for example, the composition adjustment of such materials as ferrite and magnetic shunt alloy materials (thermalloy, etc.). Accordingly, a temperature-sensitive magnetic material has been developed in which the Curie temperature can be arbitrarily adjusted over a wide range.

For this purpose, the plate A shown in FIG. 9 is formed of a temperature-sensitive magnetic material, and as shown in FIG. 10, one end C1 of the plate C made of the temperature-sensitive magnetic material is heated so that its saturation magnetic flux density B1 is increased.
A drive mechanism that generates a Maxwell stress F in the plate C by reducing the diameter of the plate C, increasing the saturation magnetic flux density B2 by cooling the end C2 on the other side, and applying a magnetic field of the permanent magnet M thereto. Was done.

[0005]

To realize a drive mechanism capable of continuous operation, the present inventor has disclosed a rotary drive mechanism shown in FIG. 11 as Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-268968.
The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary drum 1 formed of a temperature-sensitive magnetic material rotatably supported by a rotary shaft 1a, and a magnet 2 having magnetic poles 2a and 2b arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 1. Heat medium 4a stored in heat medium tank 4b
And a heating region 5 set at a high temperature by the heating medium 4a.
And a cooling area 6 set to a low temperature by air cooling.

The rotating drum 1 has a high saturation magnetic flux density B2 in the cooling area 6 and a low saturation magnetic flux density B1 in the heating area 5, so that the Maxwell stress F acts in the direction from the cooling area 6 to the heating area 5. And the rotating drum 1 has an arrow a
Start rotating in the direction. The present inventor has repeatedly devised to increase the rotational torque by using this device, but has come to clarify that the reason why the output does not increase as intended is leakage of the magnetic field lines.

FIG. 12 is a schematic explanatory view showing leakage of lines of magnetic force in a conventional thermomagnetic engine. The magnetic poles 2 a and 2 b constituting the magnet 2 face the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum 1. The lines of magnetic force 3 that have flowed out of the N pole 2a penetrate the wall of the rotating drum 1 and are sucked into the S pole 2b.

When the magnetic poles 2a and 2b are arranged on the outer peripheral surface side of the rotary drum 1, a part 3a of the magnetic field lines 3 leaks to the outside or the inside of the rotary drum 1, and these leaked magnetic lines 3a generate the Maxwell stress F. Does not contribute to the formation of That is, when the two magnetic poles 2a, 2b are arranged on the outer peripheral surface side of the rotating drum 1, the leakage magnetic force lines 3a are inevitably generated, thereby preventing the increase of the Maxwell stress F.

Also, the magnetic lines of force 3 penetrating into the wall of the rotary drum 1 have a high density on the side near the outer peripheral surface, but the attenuation increases toward the inner side and becomes low density magnetic lines of force 3b. As described above, when the magnetic lines of force are distributed in the radial direction of the rotating drum 1, the generation of the Maxwell stress F due to the low-density magnetic lines of force 3b on the attenuation side is reduced. No matter how much the temperature difference is applied to such an attenuation region, the generation of output is small. Therefore, in the conventional structure, the leakage of the magnetic field lines and the attenuation of the magnetic field line distribution prevent the increase of the Maxwell stress F.

Therefore, the opposed-magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention acts on the rotating drum by arranging the magnetic poles on the rotating drum so as to prevent leakage of the magnetic flux and to make the distribution of the magnetic flux uniform as much as possible. It is an object of the present invention to increase the Maxwell stress to generate rotating power using low-temperature warm wastewater or waste steam.

[0011]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotatable rotary drum formed of a temperature-sensitive magnetic material in a cylindrical shape, and disposed inside and outside the rotary drum. Consisting of opposed magnets provided with magnetic poles facing the outer and outer peripheral surfaces, a heating area formed by heating a part of the rotating drum, and a cooling area formed by cooling the other part of the rotating drum The opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine is characterized in that the rotating drum is rotated by Maxwell stress generated by a temperature difference between the heating area and the cooling area.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of the opposed magnets are disposed on the rotating drum, and a plurality of heating areas and cooling areas are provided in required portions of the rotating drum. It is a magnet type thermomagnetic engine.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the first or second aspect, wherein the heating source in the heating area is hot waste water or waste steam.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the first aspect, wherein a ring plate is formed from a temperature-sensitive magnetic material, and the ring drum is formed by laminating a plurality of the ring plates.

[0015]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of an opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention. Magnetic poles 2a and 2b are arranged outside and inside a rotating drum 1 formed of a temperature-sensitive magnetic material, and the wall of the rotating drum 1 is
The opposed magnet 2 is arranged so as to be sandwiched between a and 2b. In this example, a heating medium is sprayed from a heating nozzle 5a to form a heating area 5, and a cooling medium 6 is sprayed from a cooling nozzle 6a to form a cooling area 6. Due to the temperature difference formed on the rotating drum 1, the rotating drum 1 rotates in the direction of arrow a.

The magnet 2 used here may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. When a permanent magnet is used, it is desired that the magnetic properties are good, the temperature dependency is small, the mechanical strength and the corrosion resistance are good, and for example, a cobalt samarium magnet is suitable. The magnetic poles 2a and 2b may be arranged such that the N pole and the S pole are opposed in this order, or may be arranged in the order of the S pole and the N pole. In other words, since the counter magnet is used, the present invention is referred to as a counter magnet type thermomagnetic engine.

Known materials are used as the temperature-sensitive magnetic material, and examples thereof include ferrite and magnetic shunt materials (such as thermoalloy).
For example, a material having a relatively low Curie temperature Tc is desirable. The reason is that it is necessary to create a high-temperature region using warm wastewater or waste steam.
A material that can be adjusted to 50 ° C. is desired. Tc1000 is a temperature at which the saturation magnetic flux density of the temperature-sensitive magnetic material at a magnetic field H of 25 Oe becomes 1000 G, and is slightly different from the Curie temperature.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the operation principle of the opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention. Assuming that the magnetic pole 2a is an N-pole and the magnetic pole 2b is an S-pole, the lines of magnetic force 3 penetrate the rotary drum 1 from the magnetic pole 2a and reach the magnetic pole 2b. The lines of magnetic force 3 penetrate the rotating drum 1 without leaking, and the density thereof is almost uniform in the rotating drum 1.

The Maxwell stress F generated on the rotating drum 1 in the direction of the arrow a is as follows: F = 1/2 ▽ (B · H) = 1 / 2d (B · H) / dX = 1/2 (dB / dX · H + dH / dX · B) = １ ／ (dB / dT · dT / dX · H + dH / dX ·
B) In the above equation, B is the magnetic flux density (T), H is the strength of the external magnetic field (A / m), X is the coordinate (m) in the circumferential direction of the rotating body,
F is the stress (N), and dB / dT in the equation is a change in magnetic properties (temperature change of magnetic flux density B) due to a temperature change of the temperature-sensitive magnetic material forming the rotating drum 1, and dT / dX is The temperature distribution of the temperature-sensitive magnetic material is represented by dH / dX, and the distribution of the external magnetic field H is represented by the shape of the magnetic circuit.

DB / dT is a characteristic of the temperature-sensitive magnetic material,
dT / dX is the temperature difference between the heating area and the cooling area 6, and
H / dX depends on the arrangement of magnets. The stress F is integrated over the entire circumference of the rotary drum 1 and the resultant force is multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the drum to represent a force that can be obtained. Such a force is expressed as dB / dT, dT / dX, dH / dX, The larger the value, the greater the force F can be obtained.

The present invention relates to a technique for increasing dH / dX and H, and a technique for increasing B through B = μH. In the present invention, since the magnetic field lines penetrate the rotary drum 1 in the radial direction, there is no leakage of the magnetic field lines and no attenuation of the magnetic field lines. Therefore, at the same time as H increases, dH / dX
Can be significantly larger than conventional engines. Also, by increasing H, B increases, and according to the above equation,
The generated Maxwell stress F can be increased by that amount.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of an opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine using one U-shaped magnet as the opposed magnet. Since the opposing magnet 2 is composed of a U-shaped magnet in which the magnetic poles 2a and 2b are integrated, the method of attaching the opposing magnet 2 to the rotating drum 1 is simplified. Other points are the same as those of the first embodiment, so that the operation and effect are also the same, and the description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of an opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine using three U-shaped magnets as opposed magnets. The opposing magnet 2 is composed of a U-shaped magnet in which the magnetic poles 2a and 2b are integrated, and three U-shaped magnets are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The three sets of heating nozzles 5a and cooling nozzles 6a are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating drum 1. With this three set configuration, the Maxwell stress can also be increased three times. Other points are the same as those of the first embodiment, so that the operation and effect are also the same, and the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a U-shaped magnet which is an example of the opposed magnet. Lever part 2 from both ends of U-shaped member 2c
The magnetic poles 2a and 2b are fixed inside the lever portions 2d and 2d such that the N pole and the S pole face each other. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the U-shaped magnet.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention. Rotating drum 1
Is formed by laminating a plurality of ring plates 1a formed of a temperature-sensitive magnetic material. Three opposing magnets are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating drum 1, and each magnet is a U-shaped magnet shown in FIG.

The heating nozzle 5a is provided on both sides of the opposed magnet 2
The cooling nozzle 6a is arranged in the intermediate region, and the cooling nozzle 6a is arranged in the intermediate region. Three sets of three heating nozzles 5a and two sets of two cooling nozzles 6a
Are arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum 1.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. Since the heating nozzles 5a and the cooling nozzles 6a are alternately arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, three sets of the heating areas 5 and the cooling areas 6 are alternately formed in the circumferential direction.

In the first to third embodiments, the heating nozzle 5a and the cooling nozzle 6a are arranged so as to sandwich the opposed magnet 2, so that the heating area 5 and the cooling area 6 are arranged on both sides of the opposed magnet 2. Had formed. However, the heating area 5 and the cooling area 6 need only be alternately present at any position in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum 1, and need not be arranged with the opposing magnet 2 interposed therebetween.

In the fourth embodiment, the heating nozzles 5a and the cooling nozzles 6a are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum 1, and the heating nozzles 5a and 5a Is arranged. When the rotation starts, Maxwell stress acts on a boundary region between the heating region 5 and the cooling region 6.

The opposed-magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and design changes without departing from the technical idea of the present invention are included in the technical scope. Needless to say, it is included.

[0031]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the opposing magnets are provided inside and outside the rotating drum and the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the rotating drum are provided with the magnetic poles facing each other.
Magnetic field lines penetrate the rotating drum in the radial direction, and all of the magnetic field lines flowing out of the magnet penetrate the rotating drum almost uniformly without leaking, so the Maxwell stress is increased by effectively utilizing the magnetic field of the magnet. And a practical thermomagnetic engine can be provided.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since a plurality of opposed magnets are provided on the rotating drum and a plurality of heating areas and cooling areas are provided at required portions of the rotating drum at the same time, the maximum number of magnets is equal to the number of opposed magnets. The well stress can be multiplied and the rotational torque can be increased to realize a more practical thermomagnetic engine.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the heating source of the heating area is hot waste water or waste steam, the temperature-sensitive magnetic material having a Curie temperature is used in those temperature areas, so that a relatively low temperature can be obtained. It is possible to provide a practically useful technical field in which a mechanical driving force can be directly generated by utilizing wastewater or waste steam.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a ring plate is formed from a temperature-sensitive magnetic material, and a plurality of the ring plates are laminated to form a rotary drum. And a counter drum type thermomagnetic engine of various sizes can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a counter magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention.
It is an outline perspective view of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the operation principle of the opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of an opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine using one U-shaped magnet as the opposed magnet.

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of an opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine using three U-shaped magnets as opposed magnets.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a U-shaped magnet which is an example of the opposed magnet.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a U-shaped magnet.

FIG. 7 shows a fourth example of the opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to the present invention.
It is an outline perspective view of an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a principle diagram of generation of Maxwell stress by different saturation magnetic flux densities and magnets.

FIG. 10 is a principle diagram of generation of Maxwell stress by a temperature-sensitive magnetic material and a magnet set at different temperatures.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional thermomagnetic engine utilizing Maxwell stress.

FIG. 12 is a schematic explanatory view showing leakage of lines of magnetic force in a conventional thermomagnetic engine.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 is a rotating drum, 1a is a rotating shaft, 2 is a magnet, 2a and 2b
Is a magnetic pole, 2c is a U-shaped member, 2d is a lever portion, 3 is a magnetic line of force, 3a is a line of magnetic leakage, 3b is a line of low density magnetic force, 4a is a heating medium, 4b is a heating medium tank, 5 is a heating and cooling area, and 5a is heating. Nozzle, 6 is a cooling area, and 6a is a cooling nozzle.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A rotatable rotary drum formed of a temperature-sensitive magnetic material in a cylindrical shape, and disposed inside and outside the rotary drum, with magnetic poles facing the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the rotary drum. It is composed of a provided opposed magnet, a heating area formed by heating a part of the rotating drum, and a cooling area formed by cooling the other part of the rotating drum, and a temperature difference between the heating area and the cooling area. An opposed-magnet type thermomagnetic engine characterized in that a rotating drum is rotated by generated Maxwell stress. 2. The opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said opposed magnets are provided on said rotating drum, and a plurality of heating regions and cooling regions are provided in required portions of said rotating drum. 3. The opposed-magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to claim 1, wherein the heating source in the heating area is hot waste water or waste steam. 4. The opposed magnet type thermomagnetic engine according to claim 1, wherein a ring plate is formed from a temperature-sensitive magnetic material, and the ring drum is formed by laminating a plurality of the ring plates.