JP2002265959A - Continuous waste plastic carbonization apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the whole process of carbonization of a waste plastic to be automatically carried out. SOLUTION: This apparatus has a continuous feeding means 10 which comprises a front shutout section 14 consisting of at least two dampers 12, 13 installed to introduce a waste plastic under the shutout of air and a feeder section 15 capable of continuously feeding, to a carbonization section 20, the waste plastic introduced from the damper section under the shutout of air. The continuously fed waste plastic is carbonized while it is being sent in one direction through the carbonization section 20. The carbonization section 20 has a rear shutout section 54 consisting of at least two dampers 52, 53 installed to discharge solids separated by carbonization under the shutout of air.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for heating waste plastic charged in a carbonization section, cooling the generated carbonization gas in a cooling section, and recovering each separated component.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one field of waste plastics processing, waste plastics are pyrolyzed to generate a carbonized gas, and then liquefied by cooling to recover oil. A conventional oiling apparatus that has been used for this purpose has a kettle for batch processing, and heats a predetermined amount of raw material, that is, waste plastic charged into the kettle from below, to obtain a carbonized gas. there were. For this reason, it is easy to remove the carbonized gas from the kettle, but the residual solid content, so-called "charcoal", must be removed by opening the lid of the kettle, and there is a problem that workability is not good.

[0003] This is because it is necessary to shut off the air for the carbonization work, so that the raw material must be charged every time. Although there is a possibility that the feeding is automated, the removal of fixed parts is unavoidable by hand, and after all, it takes a long time of 12 to 16 hours to do one cycle of charging, dry distillation, cooling, and solid removal. I was For this reason, it is necessary to install many kettles, and there are many factors that hinder the implementation, such as capital investment and installation locations, which hinders the spread.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to automatically carry out the entire process of carbonizing waste plastics. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for continuous carbonization of waste plastic, which is an effective answer to the treatment of waste plastic which is currently a problem in many local governments.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to a front shut-off portion comprising at least a double damper provided for shutting air into waste plastics, and a damper. And a feeder section capable of continuously supplying waste plastic introduced into the carbonization section while shutting off air from the section, and carbonizing the carbonization section while feeding the continuously supplied waste plastic in one direction. On the other hand, there is provided a means for constituting a carbonization apparatus by having a rear cut-off portion comprising at least a double damper provided for shielding and leading out the solid content separated by carbonization by air. is there.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The waste plastic continuous carbonization apparatus according to the present invention heats the waste plastic charged into the carbonization section, generates a carbonization gas, and cools it in a cooling section to form a gas, liquid or solid. The components are separated and each component can be recovered.

[0007] The dry distillation section has a structure necessary for an operation of thermally decomposing waste plastic by cutting off air. In the case of the present invention, in order to continuously perform the carbonization operation, the continuous supply means of the waste plastic and the recovery means of the solid matter separated from the gas component generated in the carbonization pass through the carbonization section in a state where the air is shut off. I have.

[0008] For this purpose, the cut-off portion comprises at least a double damper. One of the constituent dampers is opened, the waste plastic is passed through, the damper is closed, the next damper is opened, and the waste plastic is introduced into the feeder portion. In other words, one of the double dampers is always closed to form an interception unit that shuts off the air. The introduction side of the waste plastic is defined as the front interception unit, and the outflow side of the solid generated after carbonization is defined as the rear. It is a breaking part.

Therefore, in the present invention, a damper refers to a device provided with means for separating waste plastic and solid content by a predetermined amount, and means for cutting off air by dividing the waste plastic and solid by a predetermined amount. The waste plastic in which the air is shut off and a predetermined amount is intermittently introduced is in a state where it can be continuously supplied to the dry distillation section by the feeder section. Although a so-called conveyor type can be adopted as the feeder portion, a screw type is suitable in consideration of the influence of heat in the dry distillation portion.

[0010] While the continuously supplied waste plastic is sent in one direction by the feed means, dry distillation is performed in the dry distillation section.
The one direction is a direction from the waste plastic introduction side to the discharge side of the carbonization section. However, when the carbonization section is doubled, it may be folded back. In addition, it is possible to adjust the feed by the feeding means so that the waste plastic is in the carbonization section for a sufficient time for the waste plastic to be carbonized. Sometimes, the whole movement is always in one direction.

Although the heating method for carbonization is arbitrary in nature, it is desirable to use a method in which a high-temperature heat flow acts on the waste plastic from outside the carbonization section. This embodiment is adopted because it is easy to apply a larger amount of heat to the waste plastic, and it is considered that the device configuration for the waste plastic is simpler. The high-temperature exhaust discharged from the heating section
A part can be used for preheating the air for the heating section, and the temperature can be reduced by this heat exchange, and the air can be released to the atmosphere.

Since it is important to control the temperature of each part to maintain the temperature of the combustion part at a predetermined level and to complete the carbonization operation, a thermometer such as a thermocouple, a resistance thermometer, Place a mercury thermometer, etc. Also, maintaining the internal pressure below atmospheric pressure is particularly necessary for treatments involving harmful components. Therefore, barometers are placed at key points.

Further, the gas component resulting from the carbonization is cooled,
Recovering the oil may itself be similar to conventional methods. However, if a condenser having a good heat exchange rate is used as the cooling unit, a smaller one can be oiled quickly. For this purpose, it is desirable to use a cooler using water as a refrigerant. Although most plastics can be processed by the apparatus of the present invention, for example, some of the thermosetting resins are not suitable, and those which generate chlorine gas, such as vinyl chloride, can be processed. Additional treatment may be required due to toxicity.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a means for continuously supplying waste plastic, reference numeral 20 denotes a dry distillation section for dry distillation of waste plastic, reference numeral 30 denotes a heating section, reference numeral 40 denotes a liquid recovery section, and reference numeral 50 denotes a solid discharge section.

The continuous supply means 10 has a hopper 11 for charging waste plastic, and a discharge opening thereof is provided with a front shut-off portion 14 comprising double dampers 12 and 13. The double dampers 12, 13 are alternately opened to feed the waste plastic through the movement path of the waste plastic, and closed alternately to shut off the air after a predetermined amount is introduced. At the outlet, a screw conveyor is provided as a feeder section 15 for continuous supply of waste plastic. With such a configuration of the charging section, after a large amount of waste plastic is charged into the hopper 11, a state in which a fixed amount of waste plastic can be automatically supplied, so that unmanned operation can be performed.

The dry distillation section 20 has a closed dry distillation cylinder 21 for sending waste plastic in one direction, and a rotary shaft 22 is provided at the center thereof. The rotating shaft 22 is provided with a large number of feeding means 23 which comes into contact with the waste plastic and sends it in one direction. Plastic feeding and temporary return can be performed.

FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show examples of the feeding means 23. The feeding blade portion 24 and the return blade portion 25 for the waste plastic to be moved from right to left in FIG. Combined, feeding is performed in one direction from right to left as a whole. Numeral 26 denotes a support having each blade attached to a rotating shaft. Each of the illustrated feeding means 23 is rotatable so as to rub the inner surface 27 of the carbonization chamber (FIG. 2).
(B)).

The heating unit 30 includes a burner 31, a combustion chamber 32
And a heating chamber 33, and the combustion chamber 32 communicates with the heating chamber 33 by a heat conducting path 34. The combustion chamber has a refractory coating layer. The heating chamber 33 covers the outside of the dry distillation cylinder 20 over substantially the entire length, and has therein a heat conducting path structure 36 partitioned by a partition 35 so as to guide hot air spirally.

The heating section 30 is connected to a cooler 37, and air is introduced into the cooler 37 to be used for preheating combustion air. The two-dot chain line in FIG. 1 shows the piping of the preheated air. A suction device 38 and a cyclone 39 for separating dust are further connected to the exhaust heat system.

The liquid recovery section 40 is connected to the dry distillation section 20 by a pipe 41, and a cooling section 42 for cooling the dry distillation gas is connected to a gas-liquid separation section 43. Liquid content L
Is recovered as oil from the valve 44, and the gaseous component is returned to the combustion chamber 32 and becomes part of the fuel. The dashed line in FIG. 1 indicates the gas piping.

Further, a discharge portion 50 for solid content is provided at an end portion of the waste plastic moving in one direction. This solid component is a component that has not been thermally decomposed due to high heat, and is taken out of the distillation chamber 20 while shutting off air. For this purpose, the double damper 5 is provided after the cooler 51 in the solid content outlet path.
A rear blocking part 54 composed of 2, 53 is provided.
The heavy damper repeats the operation of opening to extract the solid component S from the carbonization chamber and closing the same in order to shut off the air after a predetermined amount is extracted.

Further, for the overall temperature control, a heat guide path (A), a heating chamber (B) and immediately after (C), a carbonization gas pipe section (D), an exhaust air discharge section (E), preheated air Thermometers of each type are installed at a total of seven places (pipe (F) and immediately after the condenser (G)). These measured values are fed back to the operation pattern of the heating unit 30. Also, in order to keep the pressure inside the vessel lower than atmospheric pressure, barometers (X)
(Y) and (Z) are installed.

In the carbonization apparatus of the present invention thus configured, when waste plastic is charged from the hopper 11, one of the dampers 12 opens and receives a predetermined amount of waste plastic, then closes, and the other damper 13 opens. The waste plastic is discharged to the feeder 15 while the one damper 12 is closed. This operation is repeated, and waste plastics are sequentially introduced into the feeder 15, and these are continuously sent to the carbonization section 20.

The waste plastic supplied to the carbonization section 20 is advanced by the feeding means 23 and undergoes sufficient carbonization operation while being sent in one direction as a whole while repeatedly retreating temporarily. Since the feed blade 24 and the return blade 25 act to stir the waste plastic back and forth, all the waste plastic is almost uniformly exposed to high heat, and the residence time can be sufficiently reduced. In combination with the fact that it can be subjected to a dry distillation, an ideal dry distillation state is achieved. At this time, if the temperature is too low, the heating power of the burner 31 is adjusted by strengthening it, and if the pressure exceeds the atmospheric pressure, the internal pressure is reduced.

The gas separated by the dry distillation is liquefied by the cooling unit 42 in the recovery unit 40, and the remaining gas is sent to the combustion chamber 32 for utilization as described above. The solids S are discharged from the discharge unit 50 in a state where the air is shut off.
Collected at Thus, the inside of the so-called kettle of the carbonization section 20 is maintained in an oxygen-free state, and carbonization is continuously performed.

[0026]

Since the present invention is constructed and operates as described above, it is possible to continuously supply waste plastic in a state where the air is shut off, and to thermally decompose continuously and at a high speed. Therefore, it is possible to automatically supply and control the waste plastic raw material, and to continuously discharge solids, so that the efficiency of the waste plastic dry distillation operation can be significantly improved and the size can be further reduced. Play. In addition, since the entire system has a closed structure, there is no danger of leaking even if the plastic generates harmful gas, and if the necessary protective measures are added, safe processing can be performed. It is effective for

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall view showing an embodiment of a waste plastic continuous carbonization apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a partially enlarged view of a feed blade. (B) Explanatory drawing which similarly shows arrangement | positioning around an axis.

FIG. 3 is a side view of an end showing an embodiment of the device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the same.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the same.

[Explanation of symbols]

 12, 13, 52, 53 Damper 14 Front blocking section 15 Feeder section 20 Drying section 23 Feeding means 54 Rear blocking section

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4F301 CA09 CA25 CA26 CA42 CA52 CA62 CA63 4H012 HB05 HB09 HB10 4H029 CA01 CA12 CA14 CA16

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A device in which waste plastic charged into a carbonization section is heated, generated carbonization gas is cooled in a cooling section, and each separated component can be recovered. A continuous supply means, which is provided for introduction, comprises a front cut-off portion comprising at least a double damper, and a feeder portion capable of continuously supplying waste plastic introduced by blocking air from the damper portion to the dry distillation portion. While having continuously supplied waste plastics sent in one direction, while being carbonized in the carbonization section, at least a double damper provided to cut off the air to separate out solids separated by carbonization. A continuous carbonization device for waste plastics, comprising a rear shut-off portion comprising: 2. In order to adjust the feed so that the waste plastic is in the carbonization section for a sufficient time for the waste plastic to be carbonized, the whole movement is repeated while the plastic is temporarily retracted and moved forward. 2. The continuous carbonization apparatus for waste plastic according to claim 1, further comprising a feeding means which is always in one direction.