JP2002255719A - Crop germination inhibitor obtained from rice chaff and wheat or barley seed chaff (hull) or bran - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a crop germination inhibitor which is safe and inexpensive, has an excellent crop germination-inhibiting effect, can simply be produced, and can stably be supplied. SOLUTION: This crop germination inhibitor is characterized by comprising or containing the water or organic solvent extract of rice chaff or bran and wheat or barley seed chaff (hull) or bran.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a safe and agricultural method characterized by using an extract from rice husk, bran, or wheat seed hull (fu) or bran (fu) as it is or containing it. The present invention relates to a crop germination inhibitor widely usable in the field.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Examples using water or hot water extract of rice chaff are shown below. It is exemplified in CN119557 as a raw material of a Chinese herbal medicine containing a rice chaff extract. D
E3439914 describes a hair drink containing a rice husk hot water extract. JP-A-3-2590
No. 82 describes a method for producing rice turtle peroxidase obtained from a water extract of rice hulls. SU15
46488 and SU531845 describe a method for producing pentosan used as a raw material for pentose from rice chaff. CN1063087, JP-A-62-
288110 describes a method for producing high-purity silica from rice chaff.

[0003] A report on wheat or barley seed shell extract is shown below. Chemistry and Biology Vol. 27, N
o. 2 (1989), Abstracts of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Chemistry (1984, 61, 62, 63, 2001, 1990, and 1991) include organic solvents for dormant seeds of wild Nijo barley. It is described that dihydroactinidiolide obtained from (80% methanol) extraction inhibits seed germination and growth of rice, barley, lettuce, and the like.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-165524 describes the use of brown rice extract as a fungicide. JP-A-7-1
79319 describes the use of brown rice extract as an insecticide.

[0005] However, there is no report on water or organic solvent extracts from rice husks and bran or seed hulls and wheat bran of wheat and barley, such as germination inhibition and herbicidal activity.

[0006]

With the explosion of the world's population, more stable food security is desired.
However, the damage caused by sprouting of spikes, which sprout before harvesting grains, has been recognized for a long time.
When wheat sprouting occurs, it cannot be used as food and yields are low, which is a major agricultural problem. Varieties with excellent sprouting resistance are also actively developed, but their effects are not sufficient. Therefore, it is safe and inexpensive for the human body, and has excellent crop germination control effect, and can be easily manufactured
The development of a crop germination inhibitor that can be supplied stably is desired.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems Rice and wheat have been used by humans as foods since ancient times, and their safety has been proven. Seed husks such as rice hulls, wheat, and barley produced in the process of refining are a large amount of agricultural waste, but their use is less effective. Also,
Rice husks and wheat seed hulls are damaged by birds such as sparrows during maturation, and the safety of rice husks and wheat seed husks is confirmed by livestock and natural birds. ing.

Therefore, the present inventors have focused on rice hulls, bran or wheat seed hulls (fu) and bran (fu), which have been obtained at low cost and whose safety has been proven, and have conducted intensive studies. Was. As a result, it has been found that an extract of rice husk, bran, or wheat seed husk (fu) or bran (fu) has a remarkable crop germination inhibitory effect, and the present invention has been completed.

[0009] That is, the present invention provides a crop characterized in that water or an organic solvent extract from rice chaff, bran, or wheat seed hull (branch) or bran (fu) is used as it is or contains the same. A very excellent crop that is a germination inhibitor and shows the above effects easily, inexpensively, and safely by extracting rice husk, bran, or wheat seed hull (fu) or bran (fu) with water or an organic solvent. A germination inhibitor can be obtained.

[0010] In the case of extracting a crop germination inhibitory component from rice hulls or wheat seed hulls, the surface area is increased by pulverizing or pulverizing the seed hulls, so that the extraction efficiency is extremely improved. This method may use a pulverizer and follow a known method. It is not necessary to grind, but in this case, it takes a long time to decompose and extract the seed shell tissue.

In the water extraction, rice hulls, bran, or wheat seed hulls (branches) and bran (fu) are added as they are, preferably to pulverized or powdered ones. The amount of water is efficiently extracted in a 4 to 40-fold amount with respect to the sample, and may be appropriately selected depending on the yield, workability, and the like.
Thereafter, the mixture is heated, and the extraction is completed at a predetermined temperature and holding time. The extraction may be performed by adding hot water from the beginning. After the extraction is completed, pressing and filtration are performed to obtain an extract.

Since this active ingredient in the extract is relatively stable to heat, the extraction temperature in the water extraction is in the range of 5 to 100 ° C., preferably at a high temperature of 50 ° C. or higher.
If left at a low temperature for a long time, extraction can be sufficiently performed. The extraction time is short in the case of hot water extraction,
Below that, several hours to several days are required. In the case of low temperature, several days to several weeks are required, depending on the pulverized state of the seed shell. However, also in this case, it is more effective to heat at the end as much as possible.

[0013] In the case of water extraction, the active ingredient in the extract is rice husk, bran, or wheat seed hull (fu) or bran (fu).
It is effective to perform a pretreatment by applying a plant cell wall degrading enzyme (for example, cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, etc.) acting on the tissue to extract an active ingredient.

The extraction of the rice husk, bran or wheat seed hull (fu) or bran (fu) of the product of the present invention is carried out by water extraction as described above, and the active ingredient in the extract is further dissolved in another solvent. Extracting with is more effective. This is probably because the crop germination inhibitory component was concentrated.

Further, it has been found that each active ingredient is also extracted by organic solvent extraction. Examples of the organic solvent used include the following. Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol and butanol. Hydrous alcohols, such as hydrous methanol, and hydrous acetone. Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and decane. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, tetralin, cumene and biphenyl. In addition, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and the like. The active ingredient can be extracted alone or in combination thereof.

Rice hulls, bran or wheat seed hulls and wheat bran are treated as agricultural waste and have no concept of containing a crop germination inhibitor. It was unexpected that an inhibitor could be prepared. In the past, it was only incinerated or used only as a raw material for compost production, and there was no idea to use the contained crop germination inhibitory component. In the present invention, very excellent crop germination is achieved for the first time by extracting a crop germination inhibitory component from rice husk, bran, or wheat seed hull (fu) or bran (fu) using water or an organic solvent. The purpose as an inhibitor can be achieved.

[0017] Examples of rice varieties include, for example, Japonica rice, Sasanishiki, Koshihikari, Himebole, Nipponbare, Norin No. 1 and Haenuki, and indica rice such as Kasalath. Wheat varieties include Aoba Wheat, Abu Kumawase, Kankei W421, Thaisetsu Wheat, Takune Wheat, Chihoku Wheat, Tsuhoku Wheat, Haruhikari, Haruminori, Haruyutaka, Hokusin, Hoshiri Wheat, Muka Wheat, Spring Akebono, Kitami No. 66, Norin 61, Lanrin etc. in spring. is there.
Barley varieties include Akagi 2, Benkei and Sekitori 2.
No., oak barley, kiki barley and many more. The rice and wheat exemplified above are widely contained in rice husk, bran, or wheat seed husk (fu) and bran (fu).

[0018]

[Examples] Regarding the test for inhibiting the crop germination of the product of the present invention,
It is described below. The present invention is not limited to the following test examples unless it exceeds the gist. The product of the present invention was prepared according to Preparation Example 1, Preparation Example 2 and Preparation Example 3.

Procedure for Wheat Seed Germination Inhibition Test Procedure Two filter papers (N
o. 2) was spread, 4 ml of a sample aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was added, and 20 wheat seeds (variety: RL4137) were placed thereon. The leaves were allowed to stand at 15 ° C. under a fluorescent lamp for 4 days, and the number of germinated and rooted wheat seeds was counted. For comparison, distilled water was used instead of the sample in the same manner as a control.

Test Procedure for Rice Seed Germination Inhibition Test Two filter papers (N
o. 2) was spread, 4 ml of a sample aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration was added, and 20 rice seeds (variety: Haenuki) were placed thereon. The rice seeds were allowed to stand at 25 ° C in the dark for 3 days, and the number of germinated and rooted rice seeds was counted. For comparison, distilled water was used instead of the sample in the same manner as a control.

Seed germination rate and rooting rate The germination rate and rooting rate were determined by the following formulas.

[Formula 1] Germination rate = 100 × (number of germinated seeds in sample solution) / (number of germinated seeds under control conditions)

[Formula 2] Rooting rate = 100 × (number of rooting seeds in sample solution) / (number of rooting seeds under control conditions)

Wheat seed germination inhibition test (1)

[Table 1] Note 1: The sample was obtained according to Preparation Example 1.

Rice seed germination inhibition test (2)

[Table 2] Note 2: The sample was obtained according to Preparation Example 2.

Wheat seed germination inhibition test (3)

[Table 3] Note 3: The sample was obtained according to Preparation Example 3.

Wheat ear germination inhibitory effect test (4) The compound of the present invention obtained in Preparation Example 1 was prepared in a 500 ppm aqueous solution, and wheat ears (variety: foxin) were immersed in the solution at room temperature for 24 hours. After air-drying, it was kept under high humidity condition for 4 days and the sprouting degree of the panicle was investigated. For comparison, distilled water was used instead of the sample in the same manner as a control.
As a result, the compound of the present invention completely suppressed sprouting of wheat ears.

Test of Wheat Germination Inhibitory Effect of Formulation Product (5) The compound of the present invention obtained in Preparation Example 1 was prepared in a wettable powder (aqueous solution having a concentration of 500 ppm) as in Preparation Example 2, and wheat seeds (variety) : Foxycin) was immersed at room temperature for 24 hours.
After air-drying, the seeds were kept for 4 days under high humidity conditions, and the seed germination degree was examined. For comparison, distilled water was used instead of the sample in the same manner as a control. As a result, the wettable powder of the compound of the present invention completely inhibited the seed germination of wheat.

Test of Wheat Sprouting Inhibition Effect of Formulation Product (6) The compound of the present invention obtained in Preparation Example 1 was prepared in a wettable powder (aqueous solution having a concentration of 500 ppm) as in Preparation Example 2, and wheat spikelets were added thereto. (Variety: Hokusin) was soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. After air-drying, it was kept under high humidity condition for 4 days and the sprouting degree of the panicle was investigated. For comparison, distilled water was used instead of the sample in the same manner as a control. As a result, the wettable powder of the compound of the present invention completely suppressed sprouting of wheat ears.

As described above, it was found that the water or organic solvent extract of rice husk, bran, or wheat seed hull (fu) or bran (fu) has a remarkable inhibitory effect on seed germination and ear germination. .

Rice hulls, bran or wheat seed hulls
The water or organic solvent extract of yam bran (fu) can be used not only as an excellent seed germination inhibitor for rice and wheat, but also for other crops, such as potato-like peaches, onions, garlic, etc. It can be used as a germination inhibitor for various crops such as bulbs and cereals such as corn.

Further, the water or organic solvent extract of rice hulls, bran, or wheat seed hulls (branches) or bran (fu) can be applied together or separately, or continuously, and separately. When applied, generally the order of application does not have any effect on the prophylactic result.

Rice chaff, bran or wheat seed hulls
When water or organic solvent extract of yam bran (fu) is used as an active ingredient of a crop germination inhibitor, it may be used as it is, but usually it is necessary to mix it with a solid carrier, liquid carrier, gaseous carrier, etc. If present, a surfactant, a dispersant, and other auxiliaries for formulation are added to formulate and use in oils, emulsions, wettable powders and the like. These preparations usually contain the present compound as an active ingredient in an amount of 0.01% to 95% by weight.

A carrier, a diluent,
A surfactant is exemplified. Talc, kaolin, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, white carbon, clay, etc. as solid carriers.

Examples of the liquid diluent include water, xylene, toluene, chlorobenzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, alcohol and the like.

The surfactant may be used properly depending on its effect. Examples of the emulsifier include polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate. Examples of the dispersant include lignin sulfonate and dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate, and examples of the wetting agent include alkyl sulfonate and alkylphenyl sulfonate.

The above preparations include those used as they are and those used after being diluted to a predetermined concentration with a diluent such as water. The concentration of the compound of the present invention when used after dilution is 0.0
A range of 1 to 1.0% is desirable. In addition, the amount of the compound of the present invention is 10 to 5000 g, more preferably 50 to 100, per ha of an agricultural or horticultural land such as a field, a field, an orchard, and a greenhouse.
0 g.

The concentration and amount of use vary depending on the dosage form, the time of use, the method of use, the place of use, the target crop, and the like, and it is of course possible to increase or decrease the amount without being limited to the above range.

Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention can be used in combination with other active ingredients, for example, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, planting agents, acaricides, and the like.

Rice chaff, bran or wheat seed hulls
Yafusuma (fu) is a large amount of agricultural waste, and its use has hardly been considered until now. The fact that a product excellent in crop germination inhibitory effect such as the product of the present invention was obtained simply and inexpensively is a new feature of rice hulls and bran, wheat seed hulls (fu) and bran (fu), which had never been considered before. It was developed for use.

Hereinafter, Preparation Examples and Preparation Examples will be shown. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following preparation examples and preparation examples unless it exceeds the gist.

Preparation Example 1 Preparation of an Aqueous Extract of Wheat Seed Hull Wheat Seed Hull (variety: Kankei W421) 200
g, pulverized well, 1 liter of water was added thereto, and the mixture was left immersed in an argon atmosphere at 60 ° C. for 48 hours, filtered with gauze, and the obtained extract was subjected to steam distillation at 60 ° C. under aspirator pressure reduction. The effluent was partitioned using dichloromethane, and the solvent was distilled off to obtain a water extract.

Preparation Example 2 Preparation of water extract of rice hulls 300 g of rice hulls (variety: Kasalath, Indica rice) was pulverized well, and 1 liter of water was added thereto.
After extraction for a time, the mixture was filtered. The obtained aqueous extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain an extract.

Preparation Example 3 80% of Wheat Seed Hull
Preparation of aqueous methanol extract Wheat seed hull (variety: Kankei W421) 200
g was pulverized well, 1 liter of 80% methanol was added thereto, extracted at 60 ° C. for 24 hours, and then filtered. The obtained extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain an extract.

Formulation Example 1: Powders by weight The compound of the present invention 3 Cray-40 talc 57 obtained in Preparation Example 1 is pulverized and mixed, and used as dusting.

Formulation Example 2: wettable powder by weight The compound of the present invention 50 ligninsulfonate 5 alkylsulfonate 3 diatomaceous earth 42 obtained in Preparation Example 1 is pulverized and mixed to prepare a wettable powder, which is diluted with water for use. I do.

Formulation Example 3: Granules by weight The compound of the present invention 5 Bentonite 43 Cray-45 Lignin sulfonate 7 obtained in Preparation Example 2 is uniformly mixed, further added with water, kneaded, and granulated with an extrusion granulator. Process and dry into granules.

Formulation Example 4: Emulsion part by weight The compound of the present invention 20 polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether 10 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate 3 xylene 67 obtained in Preparation Example 3 is uniformly mixed and dissolved to form an emulsion.

[0047]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION Extracts from rice hulls, bran, or wheat seed hulls (fu) and bran (fu) can be used not only as excellent seed germination inhibitors for rice and wheat, but also widely for germination of crops. Can be used as an inhibitor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A crop germination inhibitor comprising an extract from rice husk or bran, or an extract from wheat seed hull or bran (fu) as it is or containing the extract.