JP2002231454A - Light emitting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bright, low electric power consumption and inexpensive light emitting device and an electric appliance. SOLUTION: Phosphorescence of an organic light emitting material 1204b usually observing only fluorescence can be accelerated by including the organic light emitting material 1240b in an interstitial positioning of a heavy metal complex 1204a for forming a lattice structure. An organic EL element obtained in this way has high light emitting efficiency since the phosphorescence can be used, and is colorful in light emitting colors since a conventional organic light emitting material can be used, and can also be inexpensively manufactured. The light emitting device and the electric appliance are manufactured by using this organic EL element.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to an anode layer, a cathode layer,
EL (Electro Luminescence; luminescence generated by applying an electric field) and a film containing an organic compound (hereinafter referred to as "organic EL layer") containing an organic compound (hereinafter referred to as "organic EL element") Light emitting device. EL in organic compounds includes light emission when returning from a singlet excited state to a ground state (fluorescence) and light emission when returning from a triplet excited state to a ground state (phosphorescence). Alternatively, the present invention relates to a light-emitting device capable of promoting phosphorescence by applying a metal complex capable of forming a pore due to a three-dimensional network structure to a light-emitting layer, whereby a light-emitting material is arranged in the pore. Note that a light-emitting device in this specification refers to an image display device or a light-emitting device using an organic EL element as a light-emitting element. In addition, TA
B (Tape Automated Bonding) tape or TCP (Tape
Carrier Package) attached module, TAB
The light emitting device also includes a module in which a printed wiring board is provided at the end of a tape or TCP, or a module in which an IC (integrated circuit) is directly mounted on an organic EL element by a COG (Chip On Glass) method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An organic EL device is a device that emits light when an electric field is applied. The light emission mechanism is such that by applying a voltage across the organic EL layer between the electrodes, the electrons injected from the cathode and the holes injected from the anode recombine at the emission center in the organic EL layer and become excited. (Hereinafter, referred to as “molecular exciton”), and emits energy when the molecular exciton returns to the ground state to emit light.

In an ordinary organic EL device, the organic EL layer
It is formed with a thin film of less than μm. Also, since the organic EL element itself is a self-luminous element, there is no need for a backlight as used in conventional liquid crystal displays. Therefore, it is a great advantage that the organic EL element can be made extremely thin and lightweight.

In addition, in an organic EL layer of, for example, about 100 to 200 nm, the time from carrier injection to recombination is about several tens of nanoseconds in consideration of the carrier mobility of the organic EL layer. Light emission occurs on the order of microseconds or less, including the process from coupling to light emission. Therefore, one of the features is that the response speed is extremely fast.

Further, since the organic EL element is a carrier-injection type light emitting element, it can be driven by a DC voltage and is less likely to generate noise. Regarding the driving voltage, it is possible to drive on the order of several volts by a method such as selecting an electrode material that reduces the carrier injection barrier or introducing a hetero structure (laminated structure) (Reference 1: CW).
Tang and SA VanSlyke, "Organic electroluminesc
ent diodes ", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 51, No.
12, 913-915 (1987)). In Literature 1, Mg: Ag
DC low-voltage driving is realized by employing a heterostructure in which a diamine compound and tris (8-quinolinolato) -aluminum (hereinafter, referred to as “Alq ₃ ”) are stacked using an alloy.

[0006] Owing to such characteristics as thin and light weight, high-speed response, and DC low-voltage driving, the organic EL element is receiving attention as a next-generation flat panel display element. In addition, since it is a self-luminous type and has a wide viewing angle, it has relatively good visibility and is considered to be effective as an element used for a display screen of a portable device.

As mentioned earlier, the organic EL is a phenomenon that emits light when molecular excitons return to the ground state.
As the excited state of the molecular exciton formed by the organic compound,
Singlet excited states (S ^* ) and triplet excited states (T ^* ) are possible. The statistical generation ratio of the organic EL device is considered to be S ^* : T ^* = 1: 3 (Reference 2: Tetsuo Tsutsui, "The Society of Applied Physics, Organic Molecule and Bioelectronics Subcommittee, No. 3rd Workshop Text ", P.31 (199
3)).

However, in general organic compounds, at room temperature, light emission (phosphorescence) from the triplet excited state (T ^* ) is not observed, and usually only light emission (fluorescence) from the singlet excited state (S ^* ). Is observed. This is because the ground state of an organic compound is usually a singlet ground state (S ₀ ), so that the T ^* → S ₀ transition is a forbidden transition and the S ^* → S ₀ transition is an allowable transition.

That is, only the singlet excited state (S ^* ) usually contributes to light emission, and the same applies to an organic EL device. Therefore, the theoretical limit of the internal quantum efficiency (the ratio of photons generated to injected carriers) in the organic EL device was set to 25% based on the fact that S ^* : T ^* = 1: 3.

[0010] Further, not all generated light is emitted to the outside, and a part of the light is emitted from an organic EL device constituent material (organic EL device).
Layer material, electrode material) and the refractive index inherent in the substrate material, and cannot be extracted. The rate at which the generated light is extracted to the outside is called light extraction efficiency. In an organic EL device having a glass substrate, the extraction efficiency is about 20%.
It is said to be about%.

For the above reasons, even if all the injected carriers form molecular excitons, the ratio of photons that can be finally extracted to the outside (hereinafter referred to as “external quantum efficiency”) with respect to the number of injected carriers is as follows. The theoretical limit is 25% x 2
It was said that 0% = 5%. That is, even if all carriers are recombined, only 5% of the carriers can be extracted as light.

However, in recent years, an organic substance capable of converting energy released upon returning from the triplet excited state (T ^* ) to the ground state (hereinafter referred to as "triplet excited energy") into light emission.
EL devices have been announced one after another, and their high luminous efficiency has attracted attention (Reference 3: DFO'Brien, MA Baldo, M., et al.
E. Thompson and SR Forrest, "Improved energytra
nsfer in electrophosphorescent devices ", Applied P
hysics Letters, vol. 74, No. 3, 442-444 (1999))
(Reference 4: Tetsuo Tsutsui, Moon-Jae Yang, Masayuki
Yahiro, Kenji Nakamura, Teruichi Watanabe, Taishi
Tsuji, Yoshinori Fukuda, Takeo Wakimoto and Satosh
i Miyaguchi, "High Quantum Efficiency in Organic L
ight-Emitting Devices with Iridium-Complex as a Tr
iplet Emissive Center ", Japanese Journal of Applie
d Physics, Vol. 38, L1502-L1504 (1999)).

Reference 3 uses a metal complex having platinum as a central metal (hereinafter referred to as “platinum complex”), and Reference 4 uses a metal complex having iridium as a central metal (hereinafter referred to as “iridium complex”). Therefore, it can be said that each metal complex is characterized by introducing the third transition series element as a central metal. Some of them well exceed the theoretical limit of 5% for the external quantum efficiency mentioned above.

As shown in References 3 and 4, an organic EL device capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission can achieve a higher external quantum efficiency than conventional ones. Then, as the external quantum efficiency increases, the emission luminance also increases. Therefore, an organic EL device capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission is considered to occupy a large weight in future development as a technique for achieving high luminance light emission and high light emission efficiency.

[0015]

However, since both platinum and iridium are so-called noble metals, platinum and iridium complexes using them are also expensive.
It is expected that cost reduction will be adversely affected in the future.

The emission color of the iridium complex is green, that is, a wavelength located at an intermediate position in the visible light region. When the platinum complex is used as a dopant, it emits red light having relatively good color purity. However, when the concentration is low, the host material also emits light, so that the color purity is deteriorated. There is a disadvantage that efficiency is reduced. That is, high-efficiency light emission of red or blue with high color purity has not been obtained from an organic EL device that can convert triplet excitation energy into light emission.

Therefore, considering that a full-color flat panel display is to be produced using the red, green, and blue luminescent colors in the future, high external quantum efficiency and high color purity are obtained as in the case of the iridium complex and the platinum complex. Red and blue emission must be achieved using as inexpensive materials as possible.

From such a background, it is desired to develop an organic EL device capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission, in addition to an organic EL device using an existing iridium complex or platinum complex. The simplest method is to develop a new organic compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature. However, a clear molecular design policy has not yet been established, and there are many difficult aspects.

Therefore, it is also important to develop a new phosphorescent material, but the structure of the organic EL layer that promotes phosphorescence is designed with respect to the light-emitting materials conventionally used in organic EL devices. An approach is desirable. This is because, in the case of a light-emitting material conventionally used for an organic EL element, since various light-emitting colors have already been obtained, there is a possibility that various light-emitting colors may be exhibited, and there are many inexpensive materials.

Therefore, in the present invention, an organic EL device capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission can be achieved by devising a structure of a light emitting layer while using a light emitting material conventionally used for an organic EL device. As an issue. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an organic EL element which has high luminous efficiency, exhibits various luminescent colors by using a conventional organic compound, and can be manufactured at low cost.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a light-emitting device that uses the organic EL element disclosed by the present invention, is bright, consumes less power, and exhibits various luminescent colors at low cost. Further, it is another object to provide an inexpensive electric appliance which is bright, consumes less power, exhibits a variety of luminescent colors, and uses such a light emitting device.

[0022]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has proposed a PL (Photo
We focused on the heavy atom effect known in the field of luminescence caused by light irradiation. The heavy atom effect means that the introduction of a heavy atom (an atom having a large nuclear load) into a molecule or a solvent increases spin-orbit interaction and promotes phosphorescence. . The nuclear load corresponds to the atomic number, that is, the number of positive charges of the nucleus.

There are two types of heavy atom effects, an internal heavy atom effect and an external heavy atom effect. The internal heavy atom effect means that phosphorescence is promoted when a heavy atom is contained in a molecule of the light emitting material. On the other hand, even when a heavy atom is present in a solvent containing a luminescent material as a solute, promotion of phosphorescent emission of the luminescent material may be observed, and this phenomenon is called an external heavy atom effect.

Therefore, it is considered that phosphorescence may be obtained if the external heavy atom effect can be exhibited also in the organic EL device. That is, a phosphorescent emission is promoted by causing a material containing a heavy atom to exist around the light emitting material.

[0025] Simply, a method of dispersing a metal as a heavy atom in the light emitting layer of the organic EL layer can be considered, but in this case, it is considered that it is difficult to function as the light emitting layer. For example, if an organic EL layer is doped with an alkali metal (such as cesium), the doped layer has improved conductivity,
Excellent function as carrier transport layer. However, the doped metal does not emit light because the doped metal becomes a material that deactivates the excitation energy and prevents light emission (hereinafter, referred to as “quencher”). Therefore, it is usually difficult to use a layer doped in this way as a light emitting layer, and it becomes impossible to introduce a heavy atom effect.

Therefore, the point is not the metal itself,
An insulator containing a heavy atom may be provided around the light emitting material.
That is, by using an insulator having a large band gap as a material containing a heavy atom, energy transfer and deactivation from a light-emitting material are prevented, and a quencher is prevented. Thereby, promotion of phosphorescence by the heavy atom effect can be expected.

For example, there is a report on PL characteristics of an organic material dispersed in pores of zeolite as an insulator (Reference 5: V. Ramamurthy, J. V Caspar, DF Eaton,
EricaW. Kuo, and DR Corbin, "Heavy-Atom-Induce
d Phosphorescence of Aromatics and Olefins Include
d within Zeolites ", Journal of American ChemicalSo
ciety, Vol. 114, No. 10, 3882-3892 (1992)). According to Document 5, the organic material contained in the pores of zeolite
For PL, zeolite cations (Li, Na, K, Rb, C
By substituting s and Tl), it has been found that as the cation becomes heavier, the phosphorescence is promoted by the heavy atom effect.

In particular, as described in Reference 5, the insulator containing heavy atoms is used in the form of a porous body (having a pore diameter distribution as uniform as possible), and a luminescent material is placed inside the pores of the porous body. The present inventor considers that the method of introducing is desirable. This is because the light-emitting material has a structure surrounded by the porous body, so that the interaction between the heavy atoms contained in the porous body and the light-emitting material is increased, and the promotion of phosphorescence by the heavy atom effect is easily developed. It is expected. In addition, since the luminescent material is confined in the pores and the pores are regularly arranged, a pseudo-lattice-like structure is generated, and stable molecular excitons are generated to improve the luminescence characteristics. It may lead to improvement.

However, in the organic EL device, there are some problems in driving the device by incorporating a luminescent material in zeolite. First, when zeolite is provided on the electrode, injection of carriers into the organic EL layer is hindered, and the light emission characteristics may be rather deteriorated. Also, 10
A technique for forming a zeolite as a thin film of about 0 to 200 nm is also required. Further, it is also possible that a zeolite cannot contain a luminescent material by vacuum deposition (it is possible with a wet method).

Considering these problems in terms of electrical characteristics and process, it can be said that the promotion of phosphorescence emission using a zeolite as described in Reference 5 is an easy method because of PL. That is, it is relatively difficult to apply to EL devices.

Therefore, the present inventor has devised a method that makes use of the concept of allowing a light emitting material to be contained in the pores of a porous body containing a heavy atom and that does not easily cause problems in electrical characteristics and processes. This is a technique in which a metal complex forming a network structure is used as a host for a light emitting material, and the light emitting material is dispersed in the network of the host. The schematic diagram is shown in FIG.

The network formed by the metal complex (hereinafter referred to as
As a form simply referred to as a “lattice”, there is a form as shown in FIG. 1A in which a metal atom 101a is located at a lattice point and a ligand 102a is crosslinked (hereinafter referred to as a “lattice A1”). FIG. 1 (b) (hereinafter, referred to as “lattice B1”), in which the child 102b is located at a lattice point and the metal atom 101b is bridged, is considered. Note that the shape of the lattice is not limited to the square as shown in FIG. 1, and various polygons (such as hexagons) are considered to be possible. The grid is 2
Both dimensional (planar) and three-dimensional (solid) structures are possible.

At the time of synthesizing or forming a metal complex having such a lattice structure, the light-emitting material 103 having an appropriate molecular size is mixed, so that the light-emitting material is located at an interstitial position of the lattice structure. Can be introduced.

Therefore, according to the present invention, in a light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer composed of an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex, the metal complex comprises metal atoms and ligands alternately. A lattice structure to be arranged is formed, wherein the metal atoms are lattice points, and the ligand bridges the lattice points (lattice A1).

Further, according to the present invention, in a light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer composed of an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex, the metal complex has metal atoms and ligands alternately. In which the ligands are lattice points and the metal atoms bridge the lattice points (lattice B1).

Although it is considered that most metal atoms can cause a more or less heavy atom effect, in the field of PL, especially bromine (Br; atomic number 35)
The heavy atom effect is remarkably observed when the atoms having the above weights are included. Therefore, the metal atom contained in the metal complex is preferably a metal atom heavier than rubidium (Rb; atomic number 37).

Therefore, according to the present invention, in a light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer composed of an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex, the metal complex comprises metal atoms and ligands alternately. A lattice structure of a lattice A1 or a lattice B1 to be arranged is formed, and the metal atom has an atomic number equal to or higher than rubidium.

By the way, the heavy atom effect means that the introduction of heavy atoms increases spin-orbit interaction and promotes phosphorescence. Therefore, even when a heavy atom is not used, triplet excitation energy can be converted into light emission if a molecular structure having a large spin-orbit interaction can be introduced.

As one of the methods, it is conceivable to introduce a molecular structure showing ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. Therefore, the present inventor focused on a binuclear complex (a metal complex having two metal atoms as nuclei). The reason is that in a dinuclear complex having a paramagnetic metal ion, a ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interaction is often observed in the complex.
If a heavy metal is selected as the metal atom, the phosphorescence can be further promoted because the heavy atom effect is added.

Therefore, a metal complex in which the metal atom in FIG. 1 is replaced by a binuclear structure composed of two metal atoms is particularly preferable (FIG. 2). In this case, the site 201a of the binuclear structure is located at a lattice point, and the ligand 202a is cross-linked.
(a) (hereinafter referred to as “lattice A2”) and a form as shown in FIG. 2 (b) in which the ligand 202b is located at a lattice point and the site 201b of the binuclear structure is crosslinked (hereinafter, referred to as “lattice A2”). "Lattice B2") is conceivable. The shape of the grid is not limited to a square as shown in FIG.
It is believed that various polygons (such as hexagons) are possible. The lattice can have both a two-dimensional (planar) structure and a three-dimensional (three-dimensional) structure.

Then, at the time of synthesizing or forming a metal complex having such a lattice structure, the luminescent material 203 having an appropriate molecular size is mixed, so that the luminescent material is located at an interstitial position of the lattice structure. Can be introduced.

Further, when a metal complex having a binuclear structure is used in the present invention, the lattice can easily take a rectangular shape, so that a regular structure such as a cubic lattice or a square lattice can be relatively easily produced. is there. Therefore, as described above, the pores are regularly arranged, resulting in a quasi-superlattice-like structure, which may lead to the generation of stable molecular excitons and the improvement of the light emission characteristics. is there.

As described above, the present invention relates to a light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer composed of an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei. The metal complex forms a lattice structure in which the sites of the binuclear structure and the ligands are alternately arranged, and the site of the binuclear structure is a lattice point, and the ligand bridges the lattice point. It has a structure (grating A2).

According to the present invention, there is provided a light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer comprising an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei. The complex forms a lattice structure in which the sites of the dinuclear structure and the ligands are alternately arranged, and the ligand is a lattice point, and the site of the dinuclear structure bridges the lattice point. (Lattice B
2).

As the metal species, among the transition series elements, metal elements from Group 5 to Group 11 easily form a multinuclear structure, and thus are suitable for the present invention. Among them, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten are more preferable because they have a larger atomic number than bromine in which the heavy atom effect is conspicuous, and are inexpensive among transition series elements.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer comprising an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei. Forms a lattice structure of lattice A2 or lattice B2 in which the sites of the binuclear structure and the ligands are alternately arranged, and the metal atom is a Group 5 element to an
It is characterized by being composed of any one of the group elements.

By implementing the above invention,
A light-emitting device that is bright, has low power consumption, and emits various colors can be provided at low cost. Further, by using such a light-emitting device, an inexpensive electric appliance which is bright, has low power consumption, exhibits various luminescent colors, and can be provided.

[0048]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In practicing the present invention, it is important to select a ligand having a rigid group as a ligand of a metal complex. That is, when a ligand having a chain portion as a main chain such as an alkyl group is used, the lattice is twisted at the time of cross-linking (or becomes a lattice point), and pores having a uniform distribution are formed. become unable. Therefore,
It is desirable to introduce an aromatic ring (specifically, a substituent containing a paraphenylene group, a substituent containing a heterocyclic ring, a substituent containing a condensed ring, or the like) as a rigid group.

The rigid group may have any substituent as a side chain, but the substituent preferably does not participate in complex formation. That is, for example, when a hydroxyl group or the like is present as a side chain, a complex is formed there, and an expected lattice may not be formed. Therefore, preferable substituents as the side chains of the rigid group include an alkyl group and an alkoxyl group.

First, the form of the metal complex forming the lattice A1 will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 3, regardless of the form of the ligand X, if the central metal M is a tetrahedral coordination 301, a three-dimensional structure such as a cristobalite-type lattice (FIG. 3A) is obtained. If is a planar configuration 302, a square lattice (FIG. 3B) is obtained. Furthermore, if the central metal M can form an octahedral coordinate 303, a cubic lattice or a square lattice can be obtained by introducing a ligand Z which is the same as or different from the ligand X (FIG. 3 (c)). ).

Here, an example of FIG. 3C is shown in FIG. As the central metal M, a metal capable of coordinating a divalent octahedron is preferably used, and as the ligand X, preferably a metal having a phenolic anion and a 4-pyridyl group at both ends as represented by the following general formula (1). It is considered that a structure as shown in FIG. 4 can be achieved by using a ligand (eg, pyrazine) having an unshared electron pair at both ends as a ligand Z (A is a paraphenylene group). Or a rigid substituent such as a heterocyclic ring-containing substituent or a condensed ring-containing substituent).

[0052]

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Next, the form of the metal complex forming the lattice B1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, and 7. FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 5, a ligand X having an atom Sp (specifically, a group 14 element) having four bonds by sp ³ hybrid orbital and capable of coordinating in the vertex direction of the tetrahedron 501 is formed. By selecting, it is considered that a cristobalite-type lattice (FIG. 5 (a)) becomes possible.

FIG. 5B shows an example of FIG. Preferably, as the ligand X, a ligand having an 8-quinolinol skeleton in the vertex direction of the tetrahedron as in the following structural formula (2) may be used (A is a substituent containing a paraphenylene group, or a complex It is a rigid substituent such as a substituent containing a ring or a substituent containing a condensed ring.) Note that A may not be present as shown in the following structural formula (3). However, in this case, the central metal M
It is desirable to select a metal capable of planar coordination (in the case of tetrahedral coordination, the lattice is greatly twisted).

[0055]

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As a form of the metal complex forming the lattice B1, as shown in FIG.
By selecting a ligand X that can coordinate in the direction of the apexes of the equilateral triangle, a hexagonal lattice may be possible. Also,
As shown in FIG. 6 (b), it is considered that a pseudo honeycomb-like lattice (hexagonal lattice) can be obtained by introducing a ligand Z which is the same as or different from the ligand X.

FIG. 7 shows an example of FIG. 6B. Preferably, as the ligand X, a ligand having a quinolinol skeleton at the 1, 3, and 5 positions of the benzene ring as in the following structural formula (4) may be used (A is a substituent containing a paraphenylene group) ,
Or a rigid substituent such as a substituent containing a heterocyclic ring or a substituent containing a condensed ring. A) may be omitted as shown in the following structural formula (5). Also, the ligand Z
, A ligand having an unshared electron pair at both ends (for example, pyrazine) may be used. However, in this case, the central metal M
It is necessary to select a metal capable of octahedral coordination.
Note that the coordination state in FIG. 7 shows only the metal atoms in front of the paper for simplification of the drawing.

[0058]

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Next, the form of a metal complex having a binuclear structure forming the lattice A2 will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 8, regardless of the form of the ligand X, the binuclear structure M
_{If 2} is a plane configuration 801, it is considered to be a square lattice (FIG. 8A). Further, if the dinuclear structure M ₂ can form an octahedral coordination 802, the same or different ligand Z as the ligand X
It is considered that a cubic lattice or a square lattice can be realized by introducing (FIG. 8B).

Here, an example of FIG. 8B is shown in FIG. As the ligand X, a dicarboxylate ion having carboxyl groups at both ends as represented by the following general formulas (6) to (8) is preferably used (where a is a substituent containing a paraphenylene group) Or a substituent containing a heterocyclic ring or a substituent containing a condensed ring, wherein b represents one or more cycloalkylene groups, and b may have a substituent, and n represents Represents an integer of 1 or more). As the ligand Z, a ligand having an unshared electron pair at both ends (for example, pyrazine) may be used. In this way, a structure as shown in FIG. 9 is possible.

[0061]

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Furthermore, a lattice structure is also formed when a ligand (for example, pyrazine) having an unshared electron pair at both ends is coordinated to a dinuclear complex having the following general formula (9) as a ligand. (C represents a substituent containing an aryl group, a substituent containing a heterocyclic ring, or a substituent containing a condensed ring).

[0063]

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The metal complexes forming the A2 type lattice structure (binuclear complexes having the general formulas (6) to (9) as ligands) described in the present embodiment are described in the following documents. (Reference 6: Satoshi Takamizawa, “Metal Complexes Incorporating Molecules”, Chemistry and Industry, Vol. 53, No. 2 (2000), p.136-)
139).

Finally, the form of a metal complex having a binuclear structure forming the lattice B2 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
As shown in (a), by selecting a ligand X having a benzene ring at the center and capable of coordinating in the vertex direction of an equilateral triangle, a hexagonal lattice is considered to be possible. Also, as shown in FIG. 10 (b), by introducing a ligand Z which is the same as or different from the ligand X, a pseudo honeycomb-like lattice (hexagonal lattice) is considered to be possible.

FIG. 11 shows an example of FIG. The ligand X is preferably a ligand having a formylsalicylic acid skeleton at the 1, 3, and 5 positions of the benzene ring as represented by the following general formula (10), or represented by the following general formula (11). A ligand having a carboxysalicylideneamine skeleton at the 1, 3, and 5 positions of the benzene ring may be used (A is a substituent containing a paraphenylene group, or a substituent containing a heterocyclic ring, Or a rigid substituent such as a substituent containing a condensed ring.) In addition, the following general formula (12):
As shown in (13), A may not be provided. Further, as the ligand Z, when the central metal is divalent, a ligand having an unshared electron pair at both ends (for example, pyrazine) is used.
In the case of valence, a dicarboxylic acid ion may be used. FIG.
Then, the ligand X represented by the general formula (9) and the ligand Z which is a dicarboxylate ion were used. It should be noted that the coordination state in FIG. 11 shows only the metal atoms in front of the paper for simplification of the drawing.

[0067]

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By the way, it can be said that the most preferable form among the above embodiments is a metal complex which can form an A2-type lattice structure. The reason is that a synthetic method has already been established to some extent, and the synthetic method is relatively simple. According to the following Reference 7, a binuclear complex consisting of a ligand in which a is a phenylene group in the general formula (6) (that is, terephthalate ion) and copper (II) ion (that is, copper (II) terephthalate) The synthesis method of copper (II) formate
It is understood that the method is very simple, only by mixing the respective methanol solutions of tetrahydrate and terephthalic acid (Reference 7: Kazuaki Mori, Satoshi Takamizawa, "New Micropore Materials", Chemistry and Industry, No. 51). Vol.2 (1998), p.210-
212).

Here, among the ligands described in Document 6, those corresponding to general formulas (6) to (9) are shown in Table 1 below.
Summarized in The central metal forming the binuclear structure is C
u, Cr, Mo, W, Rh, Re, Ru and the like. It is shown that a three-dimensional structure can be formed by cross-linking using pyrazine with respect to a dinuclear complex using the ligand No. 7 in Table 1 below and the central metal being Rh.

[0070]

[Table 1]

By applying a metal complex, for which these easy synthesis methods have been established, to the light-emitting layer of an organic EL device, the present invention is relatively easy to carry out, and thus is suitable for the present invention.

[0072]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, each configuration described in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically exemplified. The structures of the organic EL devices of Examples 1 to 7 are shown in FIG. [Example 1] In this example, an organic EL device using a metal complex as described in FIG. 3B in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically exemplified. As the central metal M, Cu (II) which is a divalent metal capable of planar coordination is used, and as the ligand X, a compound represented by the following formula (14) is used.

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First, an aqueous solution of polyethylenedioxythiophene (hereinafter, referred to as “PEDOT”) having a conductivity improved by doping with sulfonic acid was placed on a glass substrate 1201 on which ITO, which is a transparent anode 1202, was formed. Is formed by spin coating, and the hole injection layer is formed by evaporating water.
1203. The thickness is desirably about 30 nm.

Next, Cu (II), which is the central metal M, and the ligand X
A metal complex 1204a having a square lattice structure consisting of a ligand represented by the above formula (14) and a luminescent material 1204b consisting of tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (hereinafter, referred to as “Alq ₃ ”). Dissolve in the same organic solvent. This solution is applied on PEDOT by spin coating,
By evaporating the solvent, an electron transporting light emitting layer 1204 is obtained. The thickness is desirably about 50 nm.

Incidentally, the metal complex 1204a having the square lattice structure
This method is considered to be possible by mixing a metal salt containing Cu (II) with a ligand. At this time, the abundance ratio between the central metal M and the ligand X needs to be adjusted so that M: X = 1: 2.

Finally, a lithium acetylacetonate complex (hereinafter referred to as “Li (acac)”) is used as the electron injection layer 1205.
Is formed to a thickness of about 2 nm and Al is formed to a thickness of about 100 nm as a cathode 1206 to obtain an organic EL device.

Example 2 In this example, an organic EL device using a metal complex as described in FIG. 5B in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically exemplified. 2 as the central metal M
A compound represented by the following formula (15) is used as a ligand X with Ni (II), which is a metal capable of planar coordination in valence.

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First, an aqueous solution of PEDOT having improved conductivity by doping with sulfonic acid is formed by spin coating on a glass substrate 1201 on which ITO, which is a transparent anode 1202, is formed, and water is evaporated. Hole injection layer 12
03. The thickness is desirably about 30 nm.

Next, Ni (II), which is the central metal M, and the ligand X
A metal complex 1204a having a cristobalite-type lattice structure comprising a ligand represented by the above formula (15), and Alq
_The luminescent material 1204b made of ₃ is dissolved in the same organic solvent. This solution is applied on PEDOT by spin coating, and the solvent is evaporated to form the electron transporting light emitting layer 12.
04. The thickness is desirably about 50 nm.

The above-mentioned method for producing the metal complex 1204a having a cristobalite lattice structure is considered to be able to be produced by mixing a metal salt containing Ni (II) with a ligand. At this time, the abundance ratio between the central metal M and the ligand X is M: X =
It is necessary to adjust so as to be 2: 1.

Finally, Li (acac) is used as the electron injection layer 1205.
An organic EL element is formed by forming Al to a thickness of about 100 nm as a cathode 1206 with a thickness of about 2 nm.

Example 3 In this example, an organic compound using the metal complex as described in FIG. 7 in the embodiment of the present invention was used.
An EL element will be specifically exemplified. Co (II), which is a divalent octahedral coordinating metal, is used as the central metal M, a compound represented by the following formula (16) is used as the ligand X, and pyrazine is used as the ligand Z.

Embedded image

First, an aqueous solution of PEDOT having improved conductivity by doping with sulfonic acid is formed by spin coating on a glass substrate 1201 on which ITO, which is a transparent anode 1202, is formed, and water is evaporated. Hole injection layer 12
03. The thickness is desirably about 30 nm.

Next, Co (II), which is the central metal M, and the ligand X
And a metal complex 1204 having a hexagonal lattice structure consisting of a ligand represented by the above formula (16) and pyrazine which is a ligand Z.
The light emitting material 1204b made of a and Alq ₃ is dissolved in the same organic solvent. This solution is spin-coated with PE
An electron-transporting light-emitting layer 1204 is formed by coating on the DOT and evaporating the solvent. The thickness is desirably about 50 nm.

The metal complex 1204a having a hexagonal lattice structure described above
It is considered that this can be prepared by mixing a metal salt containing Co (II) with a ligand. At this time, the abundance ratio of the central metal M, the ligand X, and the ligand Z is M: X: Z = 3:
It is necessary to adjust so as to be 2: 3.

Finally, Li (acac) is used as the electron injection layer 1205.
An organic EL element is formed by forming Al to a thickness of about 100 nm as a cathode 1206 with a thickness of about 2 nm.

Example 4 In this example, an organic compound using a binuclear complex as described in FIG. 9 in the embodiment of the present invention was used.
An EL element will be specifically exemplified. Mo (II) which is a divalent metal is used as the central metal M, a compound represented by the following formula (17) is used as the ligand X, and pyrazine is used as the ligand Z.

Embedded image

First, an aqueous solution of PEDOT, which is doped with sulfonic acid and has improved conductivity, is formed by spin coating on a glass substrate 1201 on which ITO, which is a transparent anode 1202, is formed, and the water is evaporated. Hole injection layer 12
03. The thickness is desirably about 30 nm.

Next, Mo (II), which is the central metal M, and the ligand X
The dinuclear complex 1204 having a tetragonal lattice structure consisting of the ligand represented by the above formula (17) and pyrazine which is the ligand Z
The light emitting material 1204b made of a and Alq ₃ is dissolved in the same organic solvent. This solution is spin-coated with PE
An electron-transporting light-emitting layer 1204 is formed by coating on the DOT and evaporating the solvent. The thickness is desirably about 50 nm.

The above-mentioned binuclear complex having a square lattice structure 1204a
It is thought that it can be prepared by a ligand substitution reaction in which a copper acetate monohydrate-type binuclear Mo (II) complex is mixed with a ligand. At this time, the central metal M, the ligand X and the ligand Z
Need to be adjusted so that M: X: Z = 2: 2: 1.

Finally, Li (acac) is used as the electron injection layer 1205.
An organic EL element is formed by forming Al to a thickness of about 100 nm as a cathode 1206 with a thickness of about 2 nm.

[Example 5] In this example, an organic EL device using a binuclear complex as described in FIG. 11 in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically exemplified. As the central metal M, a trivalent metal Mn (III) is used, and as the ligand X, the following formula (1)
Terephthalic acid is used as the ligand Z in the compound represented by 8).

Embedded image

First, an aqueous solution of PEDOT, which is doped with sulfonic acid and has improved conductivity, is formed by spin coating on a glass substrate 1201 on which ITO, which is a transparent anode 1202, is formed, and water is evaporated. Hole injection layer 12
03. The thickness is desirably about 30 nm.

Next, Mn (III), which is the central metal M, and a ligand
Dinuclear complex having a hexagonal lattice structure comprising a ligand represented by the above formula (18) as X and terephthalic acid as ligand Z
1204a and a light emitting material 1204b made of Alq ₃ are dissolved in the same organic solvent. This solution is applied onto PEDOT by spin coating, and the solvent is evaporated to form an electron transporting light emitting layer 1204. The thickness is desirably about 50 nm.

The hexanuclear complex binuclear complex 1204a
This method is considered to be possible by mixing a metal salt containing Mn (III) with a ligand. At this time, the abundance ratio of the central metal M, the ligand X, and the ligand Z is M: X: Z =
It is necessary to adjust so as to be 6: 2: 3.

Finally, Li (acac) is used as the electron injection layer 1205.
An organic EL element is formed by forming Al to a thickness of about 100 nm as a cathode 1206 with a thickness of about 2 nm.

Example 6 In this example, a binuclear complex using the ligand shown in Table 1 in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically exemplified, and a method for manufacturing an organic light emitting device using the same will be described. Is shown. Here, a copper dinuclear complex using No. 1 in Table 1 (terephthalate ion; the following formula (19)) is used.

[0098]

Embedded image

First, an aqueous solution of PEDOT, which is doped with sulfonic acid and has improved conductivity, is formed on a glass substrate 1201 on which ITO, which is a transparent anode 1202, is formed by spin coating, and water is evaporated. Hole injection layer 12
03. The thickness is desirably about 30 nm.

Next, a methanol solution of copper formate tetrahydrate, which is a raw material of the central metal Cu, a methanol solution of terephthalic acid, which is a raw material of the ligand, and a methanol solution of Alq3,
Electron-transporting light-emitting layer is applied to PEDOT by spin coating at the same time as mixing, and the solvent is evaporated.
1204. As shown in Reference 6, copper formate tetrahydrate reacts with terephthalic acid to form a dinuclear complex 1204a having a lattice structure. It is considered that the luminescent material 1204b made of Alq ₃ is taken into the lattice. The thickness is desirably about 50 nm.

Finally, Li (acac) is used as the electron injection layer 1205.
An organic EL element is formed by forming Al to a thickness of about 100 nm as a cathode 1206 with a thickness of about 2 nm.

Example 7 In this example, a binuclear complex using the ligand shown in Table 1 in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically exemplified, and a method for manufacturing an organic light emitting device using the same will be described. Is shown. Here, No. 7 in Table 1 (benzoate ion;
A rhodium binuclear complex using the following formula (20) is used.

[0103]

Embedded image

First, an aqueous solution of PEDOT having improved conductivity by doping with sulfonic acid is formed by spin coating on a glass substrate 1201 on which ITO, which is a transparent anode 1202, is formed, and the water is evaporated. Hole injection layer 12
03. The thickness is desirably about 30 nm.

Next, the rhodium benzoate binuclear complex shown in Reference 6 was dissolved in pyrazine, and this solution was mixed with Alq ₃ and then applied on PEDOT by spin coating, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. By evaporation, an electron-transporting light-emitting layer 1204 is obtained. In this case, it is considered that a dinuclear complex 1204a having a lattice structure composed of a rhodium benzoate dinuclear complex and pyrazine as shown in Reference 6 is formed, and the luminescent material 1204b composed of Alq ₃ is taken into the lattice. The film thickness is 5
About 0 nm is desirable.

Finally, Li (acac) is used as the electron injection layer 1205.
An organic EL element is formed by forming Al to a thickness of about 100 nm as a cathode 1206 with a thickness of about 2 nm.

[Embodiment 8] In this embodiment, a light emitting device including the organic EL element disclosed in the present invention will be described. Figure 1
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an active matrix light emitting device using the organic EL element of the present invention. Although a thin film transistor (hereinafter, referred to as “TFT”) is used here as an active element, a MOS transistor may be used.

A top gate type TFT (specifically, a planar type TFT) is exemplified as a TFT, but a bottom gate type TFT is used.
An FT (typically an inverted staggered TFT) can also be used.

In FIG. 13, reference numeral 1301 denotes a substrate. Here, a substrate that transmits visible light is used. Specifically, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a crystallized glass substrate, or a plastic substrate (including a plastic film) may be used. Note that the substrate 1301 also includes an insulating film provided on the surface of the substrate.

On the substrate 1301, a pixel portion 1311 and a driving circuit 1312 are provided. First, the pixel portion 1311 will be described.

The pixel portion 1311 is a region where an image is displayed.
It has a plurality of pixels, and each pixel has a TFT for controlling the current flowing through the organic EL element (hereinafter referred to as “current control TFT”)
1302, pixel electrode (anode) 1303, organic EL layer 1304 and cathode
1305 is provided. In FIG. 13, the current control TFT
Although not shown, a TFT for controlling the voltage applied to the gate of the current control TFT (hereinafter, “switching TFT”)
Is written).

The current control TFT 1302 is a p-channel type here.
It is preferable to use TFT. Although an n-channel TFT can be used, when a current control TFT is connected to the anode of the organic EL element as shown in FIG. 13, a p-channel TFT can reduce power consumption. However, the switching TFT may be an n-channel TFT or a p-channel TFT.

A pixel electrode 1303 is electrically connected to the drain of the current control TFT 1302. In this embodiment,
Since a conductive material having a work function of 4.5 to 5.5 eV is used as a material for the pixel electrode 1303, the pixel electrode 1303 functions as an anode of the organic EL element. As the pixel electrode 1303, typically, indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, or a compound thereof (ITO or the like) may be used. An organic EL layer 1304 is provided over the pixel electrode 1303.

Furthermore, a cathode 1305 is provided on the organic EL layer 1304. The work function of the material of the cathode 1305 is
It is desirable to use a conductive material of 2.5 to 3.5 eV. cathode
Typically, 1305 may be a conductive film containing an alkali metal element or an alkali metal element, or a conductive film in which an aluminum alloy is stacked.

The layer composed of the pixel electrode 1303, the organic EL film 1304 and the cathode 1305 is covered with a protective film 1306.
The protective film 1306 is provided to protect the organic EL element from oxygen and water. As a material of the protective film 1306, silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, or carbon (specifically, diamond-like carbon) is used.

Next, the drive circuit 1312 will be described. The drive circuit 1312 is a region that controls the timing of signals (gate signals and data signals) transmitted to the pixel portion 1311 and includes a shift register, a buffer, a latch, an analog switch (transfer gate), or a level shifter. FIG. 13 shows a CMOS circuit including an n-channel TFT 1307 and a p-channel TFT 1308 as a basic unit of these circuits.

The circuit configuration of the shift register, buffer, latch, analog switch (transfer gate) or level shifter may be a known one. In FIG. 13, the pixel portion 1311 and the driving circuit 13 are provided on the same substrate.
Although 12 is provided, an IC or LSI can be electrically connected without providing the drive circuit 1312.

In FIG. 13, the pixel electrode (anode) 1303 is electrically connected to the current control TFT 1302. However, a structure in which the cathode is connected to the current control TFT can be adopted. In that case, the pixel electrode may be formed using the same material as the cathode 1305, and the cathode may be formed using the same material as the pixel electrode (anode) 1303. In that case, the current control TFT is preferably an n-channel TFT.

Here, FIG. 14 shows an appearance of the active matrix type light emitting device shown in FIG. FIG.
14A shows a top view, and FIG. 14B shows FIG. 14A by PP ′.
FIG. Also, reference is made to the reference numerals in FIG.

In FIG. 14A, reference numeral 1401 denotes a pixel portion;
Denotes a gate signal side drive circuit, and 1403 denotes a data signal side drive circuit. A signal transmitted to the gate signal side driver circuit 1402 and the data signal side driver circuit 1403 is input wiring 1404.
Is input from a TAB (Tape Automated Bonding) tape 1405 via a PC. Although not shown, instead of the TAB tape 1405, a TCP (Ta) having an IC (integrated circuit) provided on the TAB tape is used.
pe Carrier Package).

At this time, reference numeral 1406 denotes a cover material provided above the organic EL element shown in FIG. 13, and is adhered by a sealing material 1407 made of resin. As the cover material 1406, any material may be used as long as the material does not transmit oxygen and water. In this embodiment, the cover material 1406 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, a plastic material 1406a and carbon films (specifically, diamond-like carbon films) 1406b and 1406c provided on the front and back surfaces of the plastic material 1406a, respectively.
Consists of

Further, as shown in FIG. 14B, the sealing material 1407 is covered with a sealing material 1408 made of resin so that the organic EL element is completely sealed in the sealed space 1409. The closed space 1409 may be filled with an inert gas (typically, nitrogen gas or a rare gas), a resin, or an inert liquid (eg, liquid fluorinated carbon typified by perfluoroalkane). Further, it is also effective to provide a moisture absorbent or a deoxidizer.

Further, a polarizing plate may be provided on the display surface (surface for observing an image) of the light emitting device shown in this embodiment. This polarizing plate has an effect of suppressing reflection of light incident from the outside and preventing an observer from being reflected on the display surface. Generally, a circularly polarizing plate is used. However, in order to prevent the light emitted from the organic EL film from being reflected by the polarizing plate and returning to the inside, it is preferable to adjust the refractive index to have a structure with less internal reflection.

The organic light-emitting device included in the light-emitting device of this embodiment
As the EL element, any of the organic EL elements disclosed in the present invention may be used. [Example 9]

In this embodiment, a passive matrix light emitting device will be described as an example of a light emitting device including the organic EL element disclosed in the present invention. FIG. 15A shows a top view thereof,
FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 15A taken along a line PP ′.

Referring to FIG. 15A, reference numeral 1501 denotes a substrate;
Here, a plastic material is used. Plastic materials include polyimide, polyamide, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, PES (polyethylene sulfil), PC (polycarbonate), PET (polyethylene terephthalate)
Alternatively, PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) on a plate or on a film can be used.

Reference numeral 1502 denotes a scanning line (anode) made of an oxide conductive film.
In this embodiment, an oxide conductive film in which gallium oxide is added to zinc oxide is used. Reference numeral 1503 denotes a data line (cathode) made of a metal film. In this embodiment, a bismuth film is used. Reference numeral 1504 denotes a bank made of an acrylic resin, which functions as a partition for dividing the data line 1503. A plurality of scanning lines 1502 and data lines 1503 are both formed in a stripe shape and provided to be orthogonal to each other. Although not shown in FIG. 15A, an organic EL layer is interposed between the scanning line 1502 and the data line 1503, and the intersection 1505 becomes a pixel.

Then, the scanning line 1502 and the data line 1503
It is connected to an external drive circuit via a TAB tape 1507.
Note that reference numeral 1508 denotes a wiring group formed by collecting the scanning lines 1502, and reference numeral 1509 denotes a wiring group formed by a set of connection wirings 1506 connected to the data lines 1503. Although not shown,
TCP with IC on TAB tape instead of TAB tape 1507
May be connected.

In FIG. 15B, reference numeral 1510 denotes a sealing material, and reference numeral 1511 denotes a cover material bonded to the plastic material 1501 by the sealing material 1510. As the sealant 1510, a light-curing resin may be used, and a material with little degassing and low hygroscopicity is preferable. As the cover material, the same material as the substrate 1501 is preferable, and glass (including quartz glass) or plastic can be used. Here, a plastic material is used.

Next, an enlarged view of the structure of the pixel region is shown in FIG.
This is shown in (c). Reference numeral 1513 denotes an organic EL layer. As shown in FIG. 15C, the bank 1504 has a shape in which the width of the lower layer is smaller than the width of the upper layer, and the data lines 1503 can be physically separated. Further, the pixel portion 1514 surrounded by the sealing material 1510 is shielded from outside air by a sealing material 1515 made of a resin, and has a structure to prevent deterioration of the organic EL layer.

In the light emitting device of the present invention having the above structure, the pixel portion 1514 includes the scanning line 1502, the data line 1503, and the bank
Since it is formed with the 1504 and the organic EL layer 1513, it can be manufactured by a very simple process.

Further, a polarizing plate may be provided on the display surface (surface for observing an image) of the light emitting device shown in this embodiment. This polarizing plate has an effect of suppressing reflection of light incident from the outside and preventing an observer from being reflected on the display surface. Generally, a circularly polarizing plate is used. However, in order to prevent the light emitted from the organic EL film from being reflected by the polarizing plate and returning to the inside, it is preferable to adjust the refractive index to have a structure with less internal reflection.

The organic light emitting device included in the light emitting device of this embodiment
As the EL element, any of the organic EL elements disclosed in the present invention may be used.

[Embodiment 10] In this embodiment, an example in which a printed wiring board is provided in the light emitting device shown in Embodiment 9 to form a module will be described.

The module shown in FIG.
(Here, including the pixel portion 1602 and the wirings 1603a and 1603b)
A TAB tape 1604 is attached to the PWB, and a printed wiring board 1605 is attached via the TAB tape 1604.

Here, a functional block diagram of the printed wiring board 1605 is shown in FIG. At least I / O ports (input or output unit) 1606 inside the printed wiring board 1605,
1609, an IC functioning as the data signal side driving circuit 1607 and the gate signal side circuit 1608 are provided.

As described above, a module having a configuration in which the TAB tape is attached to the substrate on which the pixel portion is formed on the substrate surface, and the printed wiring plate having a function as a driving circuit is attached via the TAB tape. In the specification, the module will be referred to as a drive circuit external type module.

Note that the organic light-emitting device included in the light-emitting device of this embodiment is
As the EL element, any of the organic EL elements disclosed in the present invention may be used.

[Embodiment 11] In this embodiment, an example in which a printed wiring board is provided in the light emitting device described in Embodiment 8 or 9 to form a module will be described.

The module shown in FIG.
(Here, the pixel portion 1702, the data signal side driving circuit 1703,
The TAB tape 1705 is attached to the gate signal side drive circuit 1704 and the wirings 1703a and 1704a), and the TAB tape 17
A printed wiring board 1706 is attached via 05.
FIG. 17B is a functional block diagram of the printed wiring board 1706.

As shown in FIG. 17B, the printed wiring board 1
Inside the 706, at least ICs functioning as I / O ports 1707 and 1710 and a control unit 1708 are provided. Although the memory unit 1709 is provided here, it is not always necessary. The control unit 1708 is a part having a function of controlling a drive circuit, correcting image data, and the like.

A module having a structure in which a printed wiring board having a function as a controller is attached to a substrate on which an organic EL element is formed as described above will be particularly referred to as a controller external type module in this specification.

The organic light-emitting device included in the light-emitting device of this embodiment
As the EL element, any of the organic EL elements disclosed in the present invention may be used.

[Embodiment 12] The light emitting device of the present invention described in the above embodiment has an advantage that it is bright and consumes low power. Therefore, an electric appliance that includes the light emitting device as a display unit or the like is an electric appliance that can operate with lower power consumption than before. In particular, an electric appliance such as a portable device using a battery as a power source is extremely useful because low power consumption is directly linked to convenience (the battery is hard to run out).

Since the light emitting device is of a self-luminous type, it does not require a backlight unlike a liquid crystal display device.
Since the thickness of the organic EL film is less than 1 μm, it is possible to reduce the thickness and weight. Therefore, an electric appliance including the light emitting device as a display unit or the like is a thinner and lighter electric appliance than before. This is also convenient, especially for electrical appliances such as portable devices (light and compact to carry).
It is very useful because it is directly connected to Furthermore, it is undoubted that the thinness (not bulky) of electric appliances in general is also useful from the viewpoint of transportation (mass transportation is possible) and installation (securing space such as rooms).

Since the light-emitting device is of a self-luminous type, the light-emitting device has excellent visibility in a bright place and a wide viewing angle as compared with a liquid crystal display device. Therefore, an electric appliance having the light-emitting device as a display portion has a great advantage in viewability of display.

That is, an electric appliance using the light emitting device of the present invention has advantages such as low power consumption, thin and light weight, and high visibility. Further, since the light emitting device has a configuration in which phosphorescence is promoted by using a conventional fluorescent dye which is available at a low cost, an electric appliance using the light emitting device also has an advantage of being less expensive than the conventional one.

[0148] In this embodiment, an electric appliance including the light emitting device of the present invention as a display portion will be described. 18 and 19 show specific examples. In addition, any of the metal complexes disclosed in the present invention may be used for the organic EL element included in the electric appliance of this embodiment. The form of the light emitting device included in the electric appliance of this embodiment may be any of the forms shown in FIGS.

FIG. 18A shows an organic EL display.
A housing 1801a, a support base 1802a, and a display portion 1803a are included. By manufacturing a display using the light-emitting device of the present invention as the display portion 1803a, a thin and lightweight display can be realized. Therefore, transportation is simplified, and further, space saving at the time of installation becomes possible.

FIG. 18B shows a video camera,
1b, display section 1802b, voice input section 1803b, operation switch 1804
b, battery 1805b, and image receiving unit 1806b. By manufacturing a video camera using the light-emitting device of the present invention as the display portion 1802b, a lightweight video camera with low power consumption can be realized. Therefore, battery consumption is reduced,
It is easy to carry.

FIG. 18C shows a digital camera,
801c, display section 1802c, eyepiece section 1803c, operation switch 1804c
including. By manufacturing a digital camera using the light-emitting device of the present invention as the display portion 1802c, a light-weight digital camera with low power consumption can be realized. Therefore, the consumption of the battery is reduced and the portability is simplified.

FIG. 18D shows an image reproducing apparatus provided with a recording medium, which includes a main body 1801d, a recording medium (CD, LD, or DVD) 1802d, operation switches 1803d, a display section (A) 1804d, and a display section ( B) Including 1805d. The display portion (A) 1804d mainly displays image information, and the display portion (B) 1805d mainly displays character information. The light-emitting device of the present invention is used for the display portion (A) 1804d and the display portion.
(B) By manufacturing the image reproducing apparatus used as 1805d, the light-weight image reproducing apparatus with low power consumption can be realized. Note that the image reproducing device provided with the recording medium includes a CD reproducing device, a game machine, and the like.

FIG. 18E shows a portable (mobile) computer, which includes a main body 1801e, a display section 1802e, an image receiving section 1803e,
Includes operation switch 1804e and memory slot 1805e. By manufacturing a portable computer using the light-emitting device of the present invention as the display portion 1802e, a thin and lightweight portable computer with low power consumption can be realized. Therefore, the consumption of the battery is reduced and the portability is simplified. In addition,
This portable computer can record information on a recording medium in which a flash memory or a nonvolatile memory is integrated, and can reproduce the information.

FIG. 18F shows a personal computer, which includes a main body 1801f, a housing 1802f, a display portion 1803f, a keyboard 1
804f. By manufacturing a personal computer using the light-emitting device of the present invention as the display portion 1803f, a thin and lightweight personal computer with low power consumption can be realized. In particular, when a portable use such as a notebook computer is required, a great advantage is obtained in terms of battery consumption and lightness.

It is to be noted that the above-mentioned electric appliances often display information distributed through electronic communication lines such as the Internet or wireless communication such as radio waves, and in particular, opportunities to display moving image information are increasing. The response speed of the organic EL element is very fast, and is suitable for such moving image display.

Next, FIG. 19A shows a mobile phone, and the main body 1
901a, audio output unit 1902a, audio input unit 1903a, display unit 1904
a, an operation switch 1905a, and an antenna 1906a. By manufacturing a mobile phone using the light-emitting device of the present invention as the display portion 1904a, a thin and lightweight mobile phone with low power consumption can be realized. Therefore, battery consumption is reduced,
It is easy to carry and compact.

FIG. 19 (b) shows an audio device (specifically, a vehicle audio system), which includes a main body 1901b, a display portion 1902b, and operation switches 1903b and 1904b. Display unit of the light emitting device of the present invention
By manufacturing the audio device used as the 1902b, a lightweight audio device with low power consumption can be realized. Also,
In this embodiment, the in-vehicle audio is shown as an example, but it may be used for home audio.

In the electric appliances as shown in FIGS. 18 to 19, a light sensor is further incorporated and a means for detecting the brightness of the use environment is provided, so that the light emission luminance can be adjusted according to the brightness of the use environment. It is effective to have a function of modulating the frequency. If the user can secure a brightness of 100 to 150 in contrast ratio compared to the brightness of the usage environment,
Image or character information can be recognized without any problem. That is, when the use environment is bright, it is possible to increase the brightness of the image to make it easier to see, and when the use environment is dark, it is possible to suppress the brightness of the image and reduce power consumption.

Also, various electric appliances using the light emitting device of the present invention as a light source can be said to be very useful because they can operate with low power consumption and can be made thin and lightweight. Typically,
An electric appliance including the light-emitting device of the present invention as a light source such as a backlight or a front light of a liquid crystal display device or a light source of a lighting device can realize low power consumption and can be thin and lightweight.

Therefore, even when the display portions of the electric appliances of FIGS. 18 to 19 shown in this embodiment are all liquid crystal displays, the light emitting device of the present invention is used as the backlight or front light of the liquid crystal display. By manufacturing the electric appliance, a thin and lightweight electric appliance with low power consumption can be achieved.

[0161]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a light emitting device which is bright, consumes less power, emits a variety of colors, and is excellent in cost. In addition, by using such a light-emitting device for a light source or a display portion, an inexpensive electric appliance which is bright, consumes little power, and emits various colors can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the concept of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the concept of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 7 illustrates a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 8 illustrates a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 9 illustrates a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 10 illustrates a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 11 illustrates a structure of a metal complex forming a lattice.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a structure of an organic EL element.

FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a light-emitting device.

14A and 14B illustrate a top structure and a cross-sectional structure of a light-emitting device.

FIG. 15 illustrates a top structure and a cross-sectional structure of a light-emitting device.

FIG. 16 illustrates a structure of a light-emitting device.

FIG. 17 illustrates a structure of a light-emitting device.

FIG. 18 illustrates a specific example of an electric appliance.

FIG. 19 illustrates a specific example of an electric appliance.

Claims (12)

[Claims] An organic compound capable of obtaining EL, a metal complex,
In a light-emitting device having an organic EL element including a light-emitting layer, the metal complex forms a lattice structure in which metal atoms and ligands are alternately arranged, and the metal atom is a lattice point and A light emitting device having a structure in which a ligand bridges the lattice point. 2. An organic compound capable of obtaining EL, a metal complex,
In a light-emitting device having an organic EL element including a light-emitting layer, the metal complex forms a lattice structure in which metal atoms and ligands are alternately arranged, and the ligand is a lattice point, and A light-emitting device having a structure in which metal atoms bridge the lattice points. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein said metal atom has an atomic number equal to or higher than rubidium. 4. A light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer comprising an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei, wherein the metal complex is Forming a lattice structure in which sites of a polynuclear structure and ligands are alternately arranged, wherein the site of the polynuclear structure is a lattice point and the ligand is a structure that bridges the lattice point. Light emitting device. 5. A light-emitting device having an organic EL element including a light-emitting layer comprising an organic compound from which EL is obtained and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei, wherein the metal complex is Forming a lattice structure in which sites of a polynuclear structure and ligands are alternately arranged, wherein the ligand is a lattice point, and the site of the polynuclear structure is a structure that bridges the lattice point. Light emitting device. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 4, wherein said metal atom is made of any one of Group 5 to Group 11 elements. apparatus. 7. A light emitting device having an organic EL element including a light emitting layer comprising an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei, wherein the metal complex is A light-emitting device comprising: a divalent metal ion comprising any one of Group 5 to Group 11 elements; and a ligand having a dicarboxylate ion. 8. A light-emitting device having an organic EL element including a light-emitting layer composed of an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei, wherein the metal complex is A divalent metal ion composed of any one of Group 5 to Group 11 elements and the following general formula: And a ligand represented by, wherein a is a substituent containing a paraphenylene group, or a substituent containing a heterocyclic ring, or a substituent containing a fused ring, .). 9. A light-emitting device having an organic EL element including a light-emitting layer comprising an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei, wherein the metal complex is A divalent metal ion consisting of any one of Group 5 to Group 11 elements and the following general formula: And a ligand represented by the following formula (where b represents one or more cycloalkylene groups, and b may have a substituent). ). 10. A light-emitting device having an organic EL element including a light-emitting layer comprising an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei, wherein the metal complex is A divalent metal ion composed of any one of the elements belonging to Group 5 to Group 11 and the following general formula: And a ligand represented by the formula: (where n represents an integer of 1 or more). 11. A light-emitting device having an organic EL element including a light-emitting layer comprising an organic compound capable of obtaining EL and a metal complex having a binuclear structure having two metal atoms as nuclei, wherein the metal complex is A divalent metal ion comprising any one of Group 5 to Group 11 elements and the following general formula: And a ligand represented by: wherein c is a substituent containing an aryl group,
Or a substituent containing a heterocyclic ring or a substituent containing a condensed ring. ). 12. An electric appliance using the light emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.