JP2002219497A - A method for treating excrement and sludge, carbonized material produced thereby and common fertilizer using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treating excrement and sludge being excellently energy-saving because a carbonizing furnace can be made smaller, for powdered or grained carbonized material is easily produced and the volume reduction ratio of the excrement and sludge is high, and meanwhile carbonized material which is superior in adsorptivity and usable for a base of a water treatment agent to prevent underground water contamination as well as offensive odor of cattle excrement, and also common fertilizer using the carbonized material. SOLUTION: The method for treating excrement and sludge comprises a stirring and mixing process wherein the excrement and sludge is mixed with a treatment agent containing quicklime and perlite, and further comprises a carbonizing process wherein carbonized material is produced by carbonizing the treated material of the excrement and sludge in the stirring and mixing process.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating waste and sludge, a carbonized product obtained by the method, and an ordinary fertilizer obtained by mixing the carbonized product with the waste and sludge.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the amount of sludge remaining when sewage and rainwater are treated at sewage treatment plants has increased with the spread of sewerage systems, and most of the sludge is incinerated or buried as industrial waste. That is the current situation. In such a treatment method, not only is the sludge not used effectively, but also there is a problem that the load on the treatment equipment is increased and energy saving is lacking. In addition, there is no technology to efficiently control the foul odor generated from livestock manure from livestock facilities such as cattle and pigs, large-scale pastures, and sports grounds, and complaints due to the bad odor still occur. There is a problem.
Also, groundwater pollution by nitrate nitrogen, which is contained in a large amount of livestock manure, has become a problem due to the dropping of livestock manure. For this reason, there is an urgent need for a technique for preventing the excretion of livestock manure and preventing groundwater contamination by nitrate nitrogen.

[0003] Various methods for treating waste and sludge and effective use of waste and sludge have been studied. For example, JP
JP-A-00-84599 (hereinafter referred to as “A”) discloses that “soil and sludge are mixed with quicklime and perlite, and also charcoal, and deodorized, dehydrated, and sterilized to remove the sludge and sludge. A treatment method and a soil active material using the treated waste material or sludge obtained by the treatment method ”are disclosed.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned conventional methods for treating waste and sludge have the following problems. (1) The method of treating filth and sludge described in JP-A No. 1 uses the adsorbing action of perlite and charcoal mixed with filth and sewage to adsorb and deodorize the odor of filth and sludge. There was a problem that the odor of the sludge / sludge product obtained by the method was small and could not be completely suppressed. (2) Since the filth / sludge treated material obtained by the method for treating filth / sludge described in No. A utilizes the deodorizing or adsorbing action of perlite or charcoal, the deodorizing or adsorbing action is small, and When wastes and sludge treatment materials were used to deodorize strong manure odors generated from manure treatment facilities, pastures, and sports grounds of facilities, there was a problem that malodors could not be sufficiently absorbed. In addition, since the adsorption action is small, if waste materials or sludge treated materials are used as a moisture control material for manure to prevent runoff of manure, the water cannot be absorbed sufficiently and the nitric acid contained in manure There was a problem that groundwater contamination by nitrogen could not be prevented. (3) The waste generated by the heat generated by the mixed and stirred quicklime
Since the water contained in the sludge evaporates and only reduces the volume and weight, the bulk density of the resulting sludge and sludge treatment product is large, and the load on the processing equipment for treating the sludge and sludge treatment material cannot be suppressed. There was a problem that. (4) Since the mechanical strength and abrasion strength of the filth / sludge treated material are low, there is a problem that it is easily dusted and difficult to handle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has a high volume reduction rate and a large volume reduction rate of filth and sludge. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating waste and sludge excellent in energy saving. In addition, the present invention has a low odor, is lightweight, has high mechanical strength and abrasion strength, is hard to be dusted, is easy to handle, and is porous and excellent in adsorptivity. As a base material for water treatment agents, as a water conditioner or fermentation accelerator to prevent groundwater contamination from animal waste, etc., and as a soil modifier to increase the retention and permeability of microorganisms and a method used in slope vegetation Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbonized product that can be used as an emergency sandbag, a soundproofing material, or a heat insulating material as a secondary material of the surface preparation. A further object of the present invention is to provide an ordinary fertilizer which has a small amount of heavy metal dissolved therein, is excellent in safety, activates soil, and is versatile and versatile.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, a method for treating waste and sludge according to the present invention comprises a method for treating waste and sludge, a carbonized product obtained by the method, and a carbonized product. An ordinary fertilizer using the following has the following configuration.

[0007] The method for treating waste and sludge according to claim 1 is a method for treating waste and sludge having a mixing and stirring step of mixing and agitating a treatment material containing quicklime and perlite with the waste and sludge. And a carbonization step of carbonizing the filth / sludge treatment product obtained in the mixing and stirring step to obtain a carbonization treatment product. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained. (1) The organic matter contained in the sludge / sludge is thermally decomposed by the carbonization step, so that the bulk density of the sludge / sludge can be reduced. (2) Since the carbonization step is provided, the organic matter contained in the sludge / sludge processed material and causing the bad smell is thermally decomposed, and a carbonized product with less odor is obtained. (3) The carbonization process turns the waste and sludge into amorphous carbon, which increases the area of the hexagonal carbon network plane and overlaps, thereby increasing the surface area, so that a carbonized product excellent in adsorptivity and deodorization can be obtained. (4) Since the carbonization process forms a hexagonal carbon network,
Mechanical strength and abrasion strength are increased, dusting is difficult, handling is easy, and a light carbonized product is obtained. (5) Quicklime generates heat by the moisture of the waste and sludge, and evaporates the moisture.
Since the bulk density of the sludge treatment material is reduced, a carbonized treatment material can be obtained by short-time carbonization, and the residence time in the carbonization furnace can be shortened, resulting in excellent workability. (6) Since the residence time in the carbonization furnace can be shortened, the size of the carbonization furnace can be reduced, the investment in processing equipment can be reduced, and energy saving is excellent. (7) Soil and sludge absorb calcium ions of quicklime and coagulate, and further react with quicklime to become a stable crystalline mineral (hereinafter referred to as cement solidification reaction), so that Hg and Cd contained in the waste and sludge are contained. Heavy metals such as As and As can be immobilized in the carbonized material, and are not eluted outside and have excellent safety. (8) Quicklime causes an exothermic reaction with the water contained in the waste and sludge to sterilize the waste and sludge, and the sludge and sludge are sterilized by the alkaline slaked lime generated by the reaction of the quicklime with the moisture and sanitation. It is a target.

Here, the filth and sludge include cows, horses,
Sludge, sewage sludge, agriculture, forestry and fisheries waste, etc. discharged from factory wastewater treatment, such as animal excreta from livestock such as sheep and pigs, human waste sludge, residues and effluents from food processing plants, and effluents from shochu manufacturing plants are used.

The carbonized product obtained in the carbonizing step is
Since it has high mechanical strength and high hardness, it can be classified into a predetermined particle size. Thus, a carbonized product having a substantially uniform particle size can be obtained. Depending on the application, the carbonized product has a sieve opening of 3 to 15 mm, preferably 5 to 1 mm.
It can be classified to a particle size of 0 mm. As the particle size of the carbonized product becomes smaller than 5 mm, the permeability of the soil tends to decrease when the carbonized product is used as a soil modifying material or a lightweight greening material, and as the particle size becomes larger than 10 mm, When the carbonized material is used as a water purifying material, a large amount of water that causes a short path without contacting the water purifying material tends to be generated, which is not preferable. In particular, 3
mm or larger than 15 mm,
These tendencies become remarkable, so none of them is preferable. In addition, depending on the application, a binder such as tar, pitch, lignin, molasses, etc. may be added to the filth / sludge treatment product before the mixing and stirring process, or after the mixing and stirring process and before the carbonization process, to form into a uniform particle size, , A substantially prismatic shape, a substantially cylindrical shape, a substantially pyramid shape, or the like. As a result, a carbonized product having a uniform shape and a smooth surface can be obtained, so that the fluidity of the carbonized product can be increased and the friction loss can be reduced.

[0010] The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is the method for treating filth and sludge according to claim 1, wherein the filth and sludge are treated.
40 to 90 parts by weight of sludge, preferably 50 to 80 parts by weight, 0.1 to 35 parts by weight of the quicklime, preferably 0.5 to 0.5 parts by weight
-25 parts by weight, and 0.1-30 parts by weight of the perlite, preferably 0.5-20 parts by weight. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation obtained in the first aspect. (1) Since the optimal amount of quicklime evaporates the water contained in the dirt and sludge by the exothermic reaction, and the pores of the pearlite retain the water and act as a moisture adjusting material for the dirt and sludge, the dirt and sludge are removed. It is granulated in the mixing and stirring step, and a granular carbonized product can be easily obtained without using a molding step, and the workability is excellent.

Here, the amount of waste / sludge is 40 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 80 parts by weight. As the amount of filth / sludge becomes less than 50 parts by weight, the amount of water decreases and the filth / sewage treated material tends to harden, which is not preferable. As more than 80 parts by weight,
It is not preferable for quick lime or perlite mixed with a large amount of water because evaporation and absorption of the water are difficult and the filth / sewage treated material tends to become sticky and hard to granulate.
In particular, if the amount of waste / sludge is less than 40 parts by weight
When the amount is more than 0 parts by weight, these tendencies become remarkable, and neither is preferable. In addition, as waste and sludge,
Those having a water content of 60 to 90% by weight are used. Also,
The mixing amount of quicklime is 0.1 to 35 parts by weight per 40 to 90 parts by weight of sewage and sludge, preferably 50 to 80 parts by weight,
Preferably it is 0.5 to 25 parts by weight. Thereby, the pH of the filth / sludge can be adjusted. This is because, depending on the sludge treatment plant, there may be a case where a refining treatment in which industrial lime or the like is added to the sludge is performed for the purpose of improving the dewatering property when performing the sludge treatment. In addition, the mixing amount of quicklime is 0.5
As the weight becomes lower, the pH of the waste and sludge
And it is difficult to obtain the sterilizing action due to alkalinity and the soil activation action by the obtained carbonized material, and as the amount becomes more than 25 parts by weight, the pH becomes too high. Is unfavorable because of the tendency to decrease. In particular, if the mixing amount of quicklime is less than 0.1 part by weight or more than 35 parts by weight, these tendencies become remarkable, and neither is preferable. Further, the mixing amount of pearlite is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight per 40 to 90 parts by weight of filth / sludge, preferably 50 to 80 parts by weight.
Parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight. As the mixing amount of perlite becomes less than 0.5 parts by weight,
The moisture control effect of perlite tends to decrease, and it tends to be difficult to granulate waste and sludge. As the amount exceeds 20 parts by weight, the volume of waste and sludge treated material increases due to the mixed perlite, and the volume of waste and sludge decreases. This is not preferable because the rate tends to be less likely to decrease. In particular, if the mixing amount of pearlite is less than 0.1 part by weight or more than 30 parts by weight, these tendencies become remarkable, and neither is preferable.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for treating waste and sludge according to the first or second aspect, wherein the eluate of the carbonized product obtained in the carbonizing step has a pH of 8 or more.
-10. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation obtained in claim 1 or 2. (1) Since the pH of the resulting eluate of the carbonized product is 8 to 10 and alkaline and has lime, it is excellent in soil activation. (2) When the obtained alkaline carbonized product is mixed with acidic manure of cattle and pigs, it neutralizes animal manure and obtains a nearly neutral ordinary fertilizer, and thus prefers acidic or neutral soil. Paddy field,
It can be fertilized in fields, orchards, etc., and has excellent versatility.

Here, as the eluate of the carbonized product, a liquid separated from the carbonized product is used after adding pure water and shaking until all the carbonized products placed in the container are immersed. If the pH of the eluate of the carbonized product is lower than 8, it is not preferable because the cement hardening reaction hardly occurs and the fixation of heavy metals is poor. On the other hand, if the pH is higher than 10, it is not preferable because it becomes an alkaline lime fertilizer without becoming neutral even when mixed with animal manure of an acidic cow or pig.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for treating filth and sludge according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the treatment material is a part or all of the quicklime. Instead of slaked lime. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation obtained in any one of the first to third aspects. (1) Slaked lime is stable and easy to store compared to quick lime, and is excellent in workability and handling. (2) Slaked lime becomes quicklime at 580 ° C. when heated in a carbonization furnace, and reacts with the dirt and sludge by the cement solidification reaction to produce stable crystalline minerals. Therefore, Hg, Cd, Heavy metals such as As can be immobilized in the carbonized material, and the amount of elution to the outside is small and the safety is excellent.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for treating waste or sludge according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the carbonization step is performed at a temperature of 400 to 900 ° C., preferably. Has a configuration processed at 500 to 800 ° C. According to this configuration, any one of claims 1 to 4 is provided.
In addition to the effect obtained by the above, the following effect is obtained. (1) The spread and overlap of the hexagonal carbon network become larger,
A carbonized product having excellent adsorptivity is obtained.

The carbonization apparatus used in the carbonization step includes a batch type carbonization furnace such as a flat furnace method, a digging and deposition method, a beehive furnace, an iron moving kiln, a vacuum furnace, and a carbonization furnace such as a horizontal screw moving method. A continuous type carbonization furnace such as a fluidized bed type, a stirred fluidized bed type, a fluidized bed type, a rotary kiln, a multi-stage furnace, etc. is used. A rotary kiln in which the processed material is uniformly carbonized by being rolled is preferably used.

The processing temperature of the carbonization furnace (atmosphere temperature in the furnace) depends on the length of the carbonization furnace and the residence time.
The temperature is set to 900 ° C, preferably 500 to 800 ° C. As the treatment temperature of the carbonization step becomes lower than 500 ° C., the generated hexagonal carbon networks are less likely to fuse with each other, and a large hexagonal carbon network having high adsorption performance tends to be less likely to be generated. In this case, an odor tends to remain, and as the temperature rises above 800 ° C., the densification proceeds, and the adsorption performance of the obtained carbonized product tends to decrease, which is not preferable. In particular, will it be lower than 400 ° C or 9
If the temperature is higher than 00 ° C., these tendencies become remarkable, and neither is preferable. When the processing temperature is high, the residence time can be shortened, and when the processing temperature is low, the residence time can be extended to adjust the carbonization rate.

Further, in order to prevent the waste material / sludge treated material from burning in the carbonization furnace, steam can be added to the carbonization furnace and sprayed on the waste material / sludge. By spraying heated high-temperature steam to fill the area around dirt and sludge, it can be exposed to an atmosphere of low oxygen concentration where the dirt and sludge do not burn and perform carbonization in a short time. Is produced, and C is further reduced from waste and sludge.
Since generation of O and CO ₂ is suppressed, tar can be prevented from remaining on the surface of the carbonized product, and the specific surface area of the carbonized product is increased, which is preferable because the adsorption performance is enhanced. In this case, the temperature of the heated high-temperature steam is the ambient temperature in the furnace. In this case, the residence time of exposure to high-temperature steam in the furnace is 10 to 60 minutes, preferably 20 to 50 minutes. As it gets shorter than 20 minutes,
The hardness of the carbonized product obtained without carbonization tends to be small and the powder tends to be easily pulverized. As the carbonized product becomes longer than 50 minutes, the adsorption performance of the carbonized product tends to decrease and the carbonized product is likely to be deteriorated. Absent. In particular, if the time is shorter than 10 minutes or longer than 60 minutes, these tendencies become remarkable, and neither is preferable. When the processing temperature is high, the residence time can be shortened, and when the processing temperature is low, the residence time can be extended to adjust the carbonization rate.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for treating filth and sludge according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the carbonized material obtained in the carbonizing step is used. It is characterized by comprising a gas activating step for activating. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation obtained in any one of the first to fifth aspects. (1) The surface of the carbonized product is gasified to form micropores, the specific surface area increases, and the adsorption performance increases. (2) Since foreign substances and amorphous carbon having a broken structure are removed from the surface of the carbonized product, the specific surface area is increased and the adsorption performance is enhanced. (3) Since the activation energy of the gasification reaction in the activation step is reduced by Ca contained in quicklime and slaked lime mixed in the mixing and stirring step, the energy required for the gas activation step can be suppressed, and energy saving is excellent. The surface of the carbonized material is easily gasified to form micropores, the specific surface area is easily increased, and the adsorption performance is enhanced. (4) Since the gas activation method is used, there are few problems of corrosion of metal materials and environmental pollution caused by an acid gas, particularly chlorine gas, generated in the case of the chemical activation method. (5) In addition, since no chemical activator is used in the activation treatment, there is no heavy metal ion remaining in the carbonized material by the chemical activator, and the obtained carbonized material can be safely used as a soil modifier. Thus, a carbonized product that can be used in various applications such as a soil conditioner, a water conditioner, a water purifier, a deodorant, a construction material, and the like can be obtained. (6) Further, fine pores suitable for gas adsorbability are generated, and a carbonized product excellent in gas adsorbability and excellent in deodorizing action can be obtained.

Here, as the gas activator used in the gas activation step, steam, carbon dioxide, air and a mixture of these gases, chlorine gas, sulfur vapor, sulfurous acid gas, ammonia and the like are used. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, air and a mixture of these gases, which are less likely to cause corrosion of metal materials and environmental pollution, are preferably used.

The gas activating device used in the gas activating step is not particularly limited, and an apparatus of a fixed bed type, a moving bed type such as a rotary kiln, a multistage floor furnace, or a fluidized bed type is used.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for treating filth and sludge according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the mixing and stirring step before the carbonizing step includes the step of: Titanium oxide with photocatalytic function for waste and sludge,
Zinc oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide, germanium oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide,
Copper oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide,
It has a configuration in which at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, rhodium oxide, rhenium oxide, bismuth oxide, and strontium titanate is mixed. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation obtained in any one of the first to sixth aspects. (1) An oxide such as titanium oxide fixed on the surface of the carbonized product acts as a photocatalyst, and when exposed to ultraviolet light, hydroxyl radicals are generated from water molecules on the surface. Hydroxy radicals decompose various organic substances, so in addition to the deodorizing effect of physical adsorption by carbonized products, the removal of environmental pollutants in the air by hydroxy radicals, the purification of water, the sterilization / antibacterial effect, the deodorization / A carbonized product excellent in deodorant action and the like can be obtained.

Here, an oxide having a photocatalytic function, such as titanium oxide, can be mixed with water or a solvent in the form of being dispersed in water or a solvent, or in the form of powder. The mixing ratio of one or more oxides such as titanium oxide is determined by
Although it depends on the type of sludge, the content is 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the carbonized material obtained by carbonizing the sludge / sludge. When the mixing ratio is less than 0.01 wt%, the action as a photocatalyst is remarkably reduced, and when the mixing ratio is more than 5 wt%, the fine pores of the carbonized material exhibiting a deodorizing action by physical adsorption are blocked and the physical adsorption action is reduced. Is not preferred.

[0024] The invention according to claim 8 of the present invention is the method for treating filth and sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the carbonized product obtained in the carbonization step is treated. The bulk specific gravity is 0.5 to 0.9. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation obtained in any one of the first to seventh aspects. (1) Since it is lightweight, it is possible to obtain a carbonized product that can be used as a greening material for building rooftops or the like by mixing with soil without placing a burden on a roof or the like. (2) Since organic substances contained in dirt and sludge are decomposed and removed, it is possible to obtain a carbonized product having low odor and excellent comfort.

Here, if the bulk specific gravity of the carbonized product is smaller than 0.5, the carbonized product is ashed and no deodorizing action or adsorption action can be obtained, and if it is larger than 0.9, the carbonized product is contained in filth and sludge. It is not preferable because the decomposition of the organic substance is insufficient and an odor remains.

The carbonized product according to claim 9 of the present invention is
It has a configuration obtained by the method for treating waste and sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 8. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained. (1) Since the organic matter contained in the sewage and sludge that causes the offensive odor is thermally decomposed, the odor is small and the comfort is excellent. (2) Since it has a hexagonal carbon net formed by the carbonization step, it has high mechanical strength and abrasion strength, is hard to be dusted, is easy to handle, and is lightweight. (3) Being a cow,
When used as a water regulator to absorb the moisture of animal manure of livestock such as horses, sheep, pigs, etc., it is possible to prevent runoff of animal manure and to prevent groundwater contamination by nitrate nitrogen contained in animal manure. Further, the odor of animal manure can be absorbed, and the strong manure odor generated from animal husbandry facilities can be efficiently suppressed at the source. (4) In addition, since slaked lime produced by the reaction of quicklime and sewage or mixed in advance has alkalinity,
It acts as a neutralizer for acidic animal manure and prevents acidification of the soil in pastures and playgrounds in livestock facilities. In addition, since it is porous and promotes implantation of microorganisms, it acts as a fermentation promoting material, and can convert animal manure into ordinary fertilizer in a short period of time. (5) Since it has a large surface area and excellent adsorbability, and also has high mechanical strength and abrasion strength, it can be used as a base material for a water treatment agent suitable for reducing BOD, COD, SS and the like. (6) Since heavy metals such as Hg, Cd, and As contained in the sewage and sludge are fixed by the cement solidification reaction, the amount of elution of heavy metals is small, and lime is contained. It can be used as a filler. (7) Since it has a large surface area and is porous, when it is used as a soil modifier, it promotes the implantation of microorganisms and enhances the permeability, water retention, and fertilization of the soil. Prevent outflow of potash etc. (8) When an oxide having a photocatalytic function, such as titanium oxide, is fixed, various organic substances are decomposed by exposure to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, removal of environmental pollutants by air purification, water purification, sterilization, Excellent antibacterial, deodorant, deodorant, etc. (9) As it is lightweight and porous, it can be used as a lightweight greening material that can be laid on the roof of a building or the like, as a secondary material of a slope material used for vegetation work to protect the slope, and furthermore, an emergency sandbag,
It can also be used as a soundproofing material and soundproofing material for highways and the like, and a heat insulating material such as wall materials and flooring materials.

[0027] The ordinary fertilizer according to claim 10 of the present invention comprises:
The carbonized material according to claim 9 has a configuration in which the carbonized material is mixed with waste and sludge. With this configuration, the following operation is obtained. (1) The waste material rich in active fertilizer is mixed with the carbonized material, and the fertilizer active component is adsorbed in the micropores of the carbonized material. Obtainable. (2) Since it contains lime, it can be used as a soil active material for activating soil. (3) Since the elution amount of heavy metals regulated as ordinary fertilizer is small, it is excellent in safety. (4) Since slaked lime produced by the reaction of quicklime and sewage or mixed in advance has alkalinity,
When livestock manure is used as sludge, acidic livestock manure is neutralized and a neutral ordinary fertilizer is obtained. For this reason, agricultural fields such as paddy fields, fields, orchards, tea fields, etc.
Since it can be used for various purposes such as garden pots, it is widely used and excellent in versatility. (5) Since the application as an ordinary fertilizer is wide, the utilization value and utilization efficiency of the waste and sludge are increased, and the disposal of the waste and sludge is promoted.

Here, as the filth / sludge, those described in claim 1 are used, but it is preferable to use animal excrement of livestock such as cows, horses, sheep, and pigs. If carbonized products are laid in manure processing facilities, pastures, playgrounds, etc. at livestock facilities, a large amount of a mixture of carbonized products and animal manure can be easily obtained, and acidic animal manure can be converted to alkaline carbonized materials. This is because it is neutralized by the processed material. It is preferable to use manure of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and the like having a water content of 95 wt% or more as the animal manure, but the water content is 90w.
Chicken manure adjusted to t% or more can also be used. Further, the ordinary fertilizer may contain other sub-components such as zeolite, vermiculite, ferrite, soft silica, montmorinite, clay ball, and shirasu balloon as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. This is to further improve the water permeability and air permeability of the soil and improve the fertilizer application efficiency of the ordinary fertilizer.

[0029]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. Note that the present invention is not limited to these examples. (Manufacture of filth / sludge treatment product) (Manufacturing example 1) 300 g of perlite raw ore is 1250 to 13
After heating at 00 ° C., the mixture was cooled to obtain a pearlite foamed 9 to 13 times. 10 l of cow manure, 1100 g of quicklime
Was added and mixed, and then 300 g of expanded perlite was added and mixed, followed by stirring for 10 minutes. Production Example 1
Of granular waste and sludge treatment. The weight of the obtained filth / sludge treatment material was reduced to about 40% of the weight of filth (manure). (Production Example 2) Except that pig manure was used in place of the cow manure of Production Example 1, the granular sludge / sludge treated product of Production Example 2 was obtained under the same conditions as in Production Example 1. (Production Example 3) Under the same conditions as in Production Example 1 except that the dehydrated cake obtained at the West Purification Center in Lake Shinji, Shimane was used in place of the excrement of cattle in Production Example 1, the granular filth of Production Example 3 was used. Sludge treatment was obtained.

(Production of Carbonized Products) (Examples 1 to 12) Batch-type carbonization was performed using the treated wastes and sludges of Production Examples 1, 2 and 3 under various conditions shown in Table 1. Carbonization was performed for 60 minutes using a furnace to obtain carbonized products of Examples 1 to 12. In addition, steam was introduced into the carbonization furnace in order to prevent the filth / sludge treated material from burning in the carbonization furnace. Examples 1 to 12 obtained
The weight of the carbonized material is about 5 to 10 times the weight of the waste and sludge.
% Was reduced. Since the method for treating waste and sludge of the present invention has a carbonization step, it has been found that a large weight loss rate can be obtained. (Comparative Examples 1 to 6) The wastes and sludge treatment products of Production Example 1, Production Example 2 and Production Example 3 were used, and various conditions shown in (Table 1) were used. Carbonization was performed for 60 minutes under the same conditions to obtain carbonized products of Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

[Table 1]

(Evaluation of Pig Urine Treatment Effect of Carbonized Product) 2 l of each of the carbonized products of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were placed in a thick plastic bag, and 1.2 l of pork urine was sufficiently poured. Wet. Confirm that pig urine is sufficiently moistened in the carbonized material,
Draining was performed using a colander. The time that the pig urine was wet was about 5 minutes. Thereafter, the carbonized material in which pig urine is moistened is left in a room maintained at a temperature of about 10 ° C. and a humidity of 40 to 60% for three days, and three samplers are provided with odor of each carbonized material at a fixed time every day. Was evaluated. The evaluation criteria are as follows. ×: Stimulates throat and smells violently. Δ: Irritating odor is not noticeable. ○: Slightly smells of ordinary fertilizer. The evaluation results are shown in (Table 1). As is clear from (Table 1), it was clarified that the carbonized products of Examples 1 to 8 acted as fermentation promoters and could turn animal manure into ordinary fertilizer in a short period of time.

(Evaluation of effect of carbonized product as deodorant) Next, 0.45 liter of each of the carbonized products of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was placed substantially at the center in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical container. Filled. A suction pump is connected to one end of the cylindrical container,
When the suction pump was operated, an airflow passing through the filled carbonized material was generated from the other end to the one end of the cylindrical container. The flow rate of the airflow was adjusted to 5 l / min by adjusting the capacity of the suction pump. Next, a cloth moistened with ammonia is placed on the other end side of the cylindrical container, and (a) the ammonia concentration in the air before passing through the filled carbonized material; and
(B) The ammonia concentration in the air after passing through the filled carbonized material was measured. Each ammonia concentration was measured in 100 ml of air sucked in over 30 seconds. The measurement of the ammonia concentration was performed on the air sucked 8 minutes after the start of the suction pump. The effect of the carbonized product as a deodorant is determined by using the above-mentioned ammonia concentrations (a) and (b),
(B)) / (a) was compared. Example 1
Table 1 shows the ammonia removal rates of the carbonized products of No. 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6. As is clear from (Table 1), the carbonized products obtained from the filth and sludge of Examples 1 to 12 have a remarkable effect as a deodorant.

[0033]

As described above, according to the method for treating sewage and sludge of the present invention, the carbonized material obtained by the method, and the ordinary fertilizer using the carbonized material, the following advantageous effects are obtained. Is obtained. According to the first aspect of the invention, (1) the organic matter contained in the sludge / sludge is thermally decomposed by the carbonization step, so that the sludge / sludge treatment method capable of reducing the bulk density of the sludge / sludge. Can be provided. (2) Since a carbonization step is provided, it is possible to provide a method for treating filth / sludge in which organic substances contained in the filth / sludge treatment and causing odors are thermally decomposed and a carbonization treatment with low odor is obtained. it can. (3) Soil and sludge are formed into amorphous carbon by the carbonization process, and the surface area is increased due to an increase in the spread and overlap of the hexagonal carbon network plane. Therefore, a method of treating waste and sludge that can obtain a carbonized material having excellent adsorption and deodorization properties. Can be provided. (4) Since the carbonization process forms a hexagonal carbon network,
It is possible to provide a method for treating filth and sludge which increases mechanical strength and abrasion strength, is hard to be dusted, is easy to handle, and can obtain a light carbonized product. (5) Quicklime generates heat by the moisture of the waste and sludge, and evaporates the moisture.
Since the bulk density of the sludge treatment product is reduced, a carbonization treatment product can be obtained by short-time carbonization, and the residence time in the carbonization furnace can be shortened, and a waste and sludge treatment method excellent in workability can be provided. . (6) Since the residence time in the carbonization furnace can be shortened, the carbonization furnace can be downsized, the investment in the processing equipment can be reduced, and a method for treating waste and sludge excellent in energy saving can be provided. (7) Soil and sludge absorb calcium ions of quicklime and coagulate, and further react with quicklime to become a stable crystalline mineral (hereinafter referred to as cement solidification reaction), so that Hg and Cd contained in the waste and sludge are contained. It is possible to immobilize heavy metals such as As and As in the carbonized material, and to provide a method for treating filth and sludge which is not eluted outside and is excellent in safety. (8) Quicklime causes an exothermic reaction with the water contained in the waste and sludge to sterilize the waste and sludge, and the sludge and sludge are sterilized by the alkaline slaked lime generated by the reaction of the quicklime with the moisture and sanitation. Wastewater and sludge treatment method can be provided.

According to the invention described in claim 2, according to claim 1
In addition to the effects of (1), the optimal amount of quicklime evaporates the moisture contained in the waste and sludge by the exothermic reaction, and the pores of the pearlite retain the moisture and act as a moisture regulator for the waste and sludge. Further, it is possible to provide a method for treating waste and sludge excellent in workability by easily obtaining a granular carbonized product without using a molding step, since the waste and sludge are granulated in the mixing and stirring step.

According to the invention described in claim 3, according to claim 1
In addition to the effects of (2), (1) Since the obtained carbonized product has an alkaline pH of 8 to 10 and has a lime content, it provides a method of treating soil and sludge excellent in soil activation. be able to. (2) When the obtained alkaline carbonized product is mixed with acidic manure of cattle and pigs, it neutralizes animal manure and obtains a nearly neutral ordinary fertilizer, and thus prefers acidic or neutral soil. Paddy field,
Fertilizer can be applied to fields, orchards, and the like, and a versatile waste / sludge treatment method can be provided.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the first aspect is provided.
(1) Slaked lime is more stable and easier to store than quick lime, and provides a method for treating waste and sludge excellent in workability and handling. it can. (2) Slaked lime becomes quicklime at 580 ° C. when heated in a carbonization furnace, and reacts with the dirt and sludge by the cement solidification reaction to produce stable crystalline minerals. Therefore, Hg, Cd, A heavy metal such as As can be immobilized in the carbonized material, and a small amount of elution to the outside can be provided, so that a method for treating waste and sludge excellent in safety can be provided.

According to the invention of claim 5, according to claim 1,
In addition to the effects of any one of (1) to (4), (1) the spread and overlap of the hexagonal carbon network become larger,
It is possible to provide a method of treating waste and sludge from which a carbonized product having excellent adsorption properties can be obtained.

According to the invention of claim 6, according to claim 1,
In addition to the effects of any one of (1) to (5), (1) Treatment of filth / sludge in which the surface of the carbonized material is gasified to form micropores, the specific surface area increases, and the carbonized material with high adsorption performance is obtained. A method can be provided. (2) Treatment of filth and sludge that removes extraneous substances and amorphous carbon with broken structure attached to the surface of the carbonized product, thereby increasing the specific surface area and obtaining a carbonized product with high adsorption performance. A method can be provided. (3) Since the activation energy of the gasification reaction in the activation step is reduced by Ca contained in quicklime and slaked lime mixed in the mixing and stirring step, the energy required for the gas activation step can be suppressed, and energy saving is excellent. It is possible to provide a method for treating a filth / sludge in which the surface of the carbonized material is easily gasified to form micropores, the specific surface area is easily increased, and the carbonized material having high adsorption performance is obtained. (4) Since the gas activation method is used, it is possible to provide a method for treating filth and sludge with less problems of corrosion of metal materials and environmental pollution due to acid gas, particularly chlorine gas generated in the case of the chemical activation method. . (5) In addition, since no chemical activator is used in the activation treatment, there is no heavy metal ion remaining in the carbonized material by the chemical activator, and the obtained carbonized material can be safely used as a soil modifier. Provided is a method for treating filth and sludge which can be used in various applications such as a soil conditioner, a water conditioner, a water purifier, a deodorant, a construction material and the like, in addition to a soil modifier. be able to. (6) Further, it is possible to provide a method for treating filth and sludge, in which micropores suitable for gas adsorption are generated, and a carbonized material having excellent gas adsorption and excellent deodorizing action is obtained.

According to the invention of claim 7, according to claim 1,
(1) An oxide such as titanium oxide fixed on the surface of the carbonized product acts as a photocatalyst. When ultraviolet light is applied to the photocatalyst, hydroxyl radicals are generated from water molecules on the surface. Is generated. Hydroxy radicals decompose various organic substances, so in addition to the deodorizing effect of physical adsorption by carbonized products, the removal of environmental pollutants in the air by hydroxy radicals, the purification of water, the sterilization / antibacterial effect, the deodorization / It is possible to provide a method for treating filth and sludge from which a carbonized product excellent in deodorization and the like can be obtained.

According to the invention described in claim 8, according to claim 1,
In addition to the effects of any one of (1) to (7), (1) it is possible to obtain a carbonized product that can be used as a greening material for building rooftops or the like by mixing with soil because it is lightweight and does not put a burden on roofs. A method for treating waste and sludge that can be provided can be provided. (2) Since the organic matter contained in the dirt and sludge is decomposed and removed, it is possible to provide a method for treating dirt and sludge that can obtain a carbonized product having less odor and excellent comfort.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, (1) Since the organic matter contained in the filth and sludge which is the cause of the offensive odor is thermally decomposed, a carbonized material having a low odor and excellent comfort can be obtained. Can be provided. (2) Since it has a hexagonal carbon net formed by the carbonization step, it is possible to provide a light carbonized material that has high mechanical strength and abrasion strength, is hard to be dusted, is easy to handle, and is lightweight. (3) Being a cow,
When used as a water regulator to absorb the moisture of animal manure of livestock such as horses, sheep, pigs, etc., it is possible to prevent runoff of animal manure and to prevent groundwater contamination by nitrate nitrogen contained in animal manure. Further, it is possible to provide a carbonized material capable of absorbing the malodor of animal manure and effectively suppressing the strong manure odor generated from the animal husbandry facility at the source. (4) In addition, since slaked lime produced by the reaction of quicklime and sewage or mixed in advance has alkalinity,
It acts as a neutralizer for acidic animal manure and prevents acidification of the soil in pastures and playgrounds in livestock facilities. In addition, since it is porous and promotes implantation of microorganisms, it can act as a fermentation promoting material, and can provide a carbonized material that can convert animal manure into ordinary fertilizer in a short period of time. (5) Provide a carbonized material that can be used as a base material for water treatment agents suitable for reducing BOD, COD, SS, etc. because of its large surface area, excellent adsorbability, and high mechanical strength and abrasion strength. can do. (6) Since heavy metals such as Hg, Cd, and As contained in sewage and sludge are fixed by the cement solidification reaction, the amount of elution of heavy metals is small, and lime is contained. A carbonized product that can be used as a filler can be provided. (7) Since it has a large surface area and is porous, when it is used as a soil modifier, it promotes the implantation of microorganisms and enhances the permeability, water retention, and fertilization of the soil. A carbonized product that prevents outflow of potash and the like can be provided. (8) When an oxide having a photocatalytic function, such as titanium oxide, is fixed, various organic substances are decomposed by exposure to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, removal of environmental pollutants by air purification, water purification, sterilization, It is possible to provide a carbonized product excellent in antibacterial properties, deodorization and deodorization. (9) As it is lightweight and porous, it can be used as a lightweight greening material that can be laid on the roof of a building or the like, as a secondary material of a slope material used for vegetation work to protect the slope, and furthermore, an emergency sandbag,
It is possible to provide a carbonized material that can be used also as a soundproofing material / sound insulating material for a highway or the like, or a heat insulating material such as a wall material or a floor material.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, (1) the carbonized material is mixed with filth or the like rich in the effective fertilizer, and the fertilizer effective component is adsorbed in the fine pores of the carbonized material. It is possible to provide an ordinary fertilizer capable of slowly releasing an active ingredient into the soil and obtaining a fertilizing effect over a long period of time. (2) Since it contains lime, an ordinary fertilizer that can be used as a soil activating material for activating soil can be provided. (3) Since the elution amount of heavy metals regulated as ordinary fertilizers is small, it is possible to provide ordinary fertilizers excellent in safety. (4) Since slaked lime produced by the reaction of quicklime and sewage or mixed in advance has alkalinity,
When livestock manure is used as sludge, acidic livestock manure is neutralized and a neutral ordinary fertilizer is obtained. For this reason, agricultural fields such as paddy fields, fields, orchards, tea fields, etc.
Since it can be used for various purposes such as garden pots, it can be applied to a wide range of applications and can provide a general fertilizer excellent in versatility. (5) Since the application use as the ordinary fertilizer is wide, the utilization value and utilization efficiency of the waste / sludge are enhanced, and the ordinary fertilizer in which the disposal of the waste / sludge is promoted can be provided.

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Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A method for treating waste and sludge, comprising a mixing and stirring step of mixing and stirring a treatment material containing quicklime and perlite with the waste and sludge, wherein the waste and sludge obtained in the mixing and stirring step are mixed. A method for treating waste and sludge, comprising a carbonization step of carbonizing a sludge treatment product to obtain a carbonized treatment product. 2. The lime / sludge 40 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 80 parts by weight, the quicklime 0.1 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 25 parts by weight, and the pearlite 0.1 to 25 parts by weight. The method according to claim 1, wherein 1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, is mixed. 3. The method for treating waste and sludge according to claim 1, wherein the eluate of the carbonized product obtained in the carbonizing step has a pH of 8 to 10. 4. The method for treating waste and sludge according to claim 1, wherein slaked lime is mixed instead of part or all of the quick lime. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization step is performed at a temperature of 400 to 900.
The method for treating filth / sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the treatment is performed at a temperature of 500C, preferably 500C to 800C. 6. The method for treating waste and sludge according to claim 1, further comprising a gas activation step for activating the carbonized product obtained in the carbonization step. . 7. In the mixing and stirring step before the carbonization step, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide, which has a photocatalytic function for the waste and sludge,
Tungsten oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide, germanium oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, copper oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, rhodium oxide, rhenium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanate 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of strontium is mixed.
The method for treating filth and sludge according to the above. 8. The filth according to claim 1, wherein a bulk specific gravity of the carbonized product obtained in the carbonizing step is 0.5 to 0.9. Sludge treatment method. 9. A carbonized material obtained by the method for treating filth and sludge according to claim 1. 10. An ordinary fertilizer, wherein the carbonized product according to claim 9 is mixed with waste and sludge.