JP2002216857A - Life determining method of secondary cell - Google Patents

Life determining method of secondary cell

Info

Publication number
JP2002216857A
JP2002216857A JP2001047400A JP2001047400A JP2002216857A JP 2002216857 A JP2002216857 A JP 2002216857A JP 2001047400 A JP2001047400 A JP 2001047400A JP 2001047400 A JP2001047400 A JP 2001047400A JP 2002216857 A JP2002216857 A JP 2002216857A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
condition
life
fulfilled
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2001047400A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP4870268B2 (en
Inventor
Kentaro Suzuki
健太郎 鈴木
Toshiya Watanabe
寿也 渡辺
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honda Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority to JP2001047400A priority Critical patent/JP4870268B2/en
Publication of JP2002216857A publication Critical patent/JP2002216857A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4870268B2 publication Critical patent/JP4870268B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily and surely determine a proper life end of a cell without being influenced by the phenomenon of sudden reduction of capacity caused by memory effect, or by leaving few days in spite that the state just after charging was normal. SOLUTION: The life determining method of the secondary cell is carried out so as to go through a first step, determining whether a first condition, by which the time elapsed until the battery voltage reaches to a prescribed critical voltage of using under a certain discharging state, is longer than the first prescribed standard time, is fulfilled or not; and a second step, determining whether a second condition, by which the time elapsed until the battery voltage reaches to a prescribed discharge stopping voltage under a certain discharging state, is longer than the second prescribed standard time, is fulfilled or not. When both of the first and the second conditions are not fulfilled, the cell is determined that it is in the state of life end, and when either one of the first or the second conditions is not fulfilled, a certain period after full charging, a third step, which determines whether the first condition is fulfilled or not, is carried out, and when the first condition is not fulfilled, the cell is judged that it is in the state of life end.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、電動車両用電源などに
用いられる二次バッテリの寿命を判定する方法に関す
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for determining the life of a secondary battery used for a power supply for an electric vehicle.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】一般に、電動アシスト自転車などの電動
車両の駆動電源として用いられるニッケル・カドミウム
電池などの二次バッテリにあっては、それが寿命をきた
していると、走行に先がけてバッテリの充電を行っもす
ぐに放電して、航続距離が短くなってしまうという問題
がある。
2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when a secondary battery such as a nickel-cadmium battery used as a drive power source for an electric vehicle such as an electric assist bicycle has reached the end of its life, the battery is charged before traveling. , There is a problem that the cruising distance is shortened by discharging immediately.

【0003】特に、複数の電動車両を共同利用する管理
ステーションにあっては、各車両のバッテリの状態を定
期的にチェックして、寿命のきているバッテリを搭載し
た車両を貸し出さないようにする必要がある。
[0003] In particular, in a management station in which a plurality of electric vehicles are shared, a battery state of each vehicle is periodically checked so that a vehicle equipped with a dead battery is not rented out. There is a need.

【0004】従来、二次バッテリの寿命を検知する方法
として、バッテリの内部インピーダンスを測定して、そ
れが所定以上に大きくなったら寿命と判定する方法、充
放電の回数を記憶して、ある回数に達したら寿命と判定
する方法、バッテリの放電容量を測定して、バッテリ電
圧が所定値以下になったら寿命と判定する方法がある。
Conventionally, as a method of detecting the life of a secondary battery, a method of measuring the internal impedance of the battery and determining that the life has elapsed when the internal impedance has become larger than a predetermined value, storing the number of times of charging and discharging, and The battery life is measured when the battery voltage reaches a predetermined value or less.

【0005】バッテリの内部インピーダンスを測定する
方法によれば、バッテリの内部インピーダンスが非常に
小さく、精度良くその測定をなすことが困難になってい
る。その際、特にニッケル・カドミニウ電池などを複数
直列接続してパック化したバッテリにあっては、その1
つ1つの電池の内部インピーダンスを測定することが困
難である。また、パック全体のインピーダンスを測定す
るのでは、電池間の接触抵抗による誤差が大きくなって
測定精度が悪くなり、寿命を正確に判定することができ
なくなってしまう。
[0005] According to the method for measuring the internal impedance of a battery, the internal impedance of the battery is extremely small, and it is difficult to accurately measure the internal impedance. At this time, in particular, in the case of a battery in which a plurality of nickel-cadmium batteries and the like are connected in series and packed,
It is difficult to measure the internal impedance of each battery. Further, when the impedance of the entire pack is measured, the error due to the contact resistance between the batteries becomes large, the measurement accuracy deteriorates, and the life cannot be accurately determined.

【0006】充放電の回数から寿命を判定する方法で
は、バッテリに固有差があり、寿命の予測誤差が大きい
ばかりではなく、複数のバッテリを集中的に管理する場
合には性能が悪いバッテリに合せて寿命と判定する回数
を低く設定する必要があるために、まだ正常なバッテリ
までも寿命がきたものとして排除してしまっている。
In the method of judging the life from the number of times of charging and discharging, there is an inherent difference between the batteries, so that not only the prediction error of the life is large, but also in the case where a plurality of batteries are intensively managed, the performance is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to set the number of times that the battery life is determined to be low, so that even a normal battery is excluded because the battery life has expired.

【0007】バッテリの放電容量を測定する方法では、
ニッケル・カドミウム電池などのように、浅い充放電を
くり返し行うことによって、その後の深い放電時に前回
の浅い放電で得られた容量以上の領域で電圧が低下する
いわゆるメモリ効果を生ずる二次バッテリの場合、寿命
と判定する電圧のしきい値の設定によっては、メモリ効
果によるバッテリ電圧の低下を寿命として誤判定してし
まう可能性がある。
In a method for measuring the discharge capacity of a battery,
Secondary batteries, such as nickel-cadmium batteries, that have a so-called memory effect in which the voltage drops in the area greater than the capacity obtained in the previous shallow discharge during subsequent deep discharges by repeatedly charging and discharging shallowly Depending on the setting of the threshold value of the voltage for determining the life, there is a possibility that the decrease in the battery voltage due to the memory effect is erroneously determined as the life.

【0008】また、ニッケル・カドミウム電池などのバ
ッテリの劣化の症状の一つとして、充電直後には正常な
放電特性を示すのに、数日放置すると容量が急激に減少
する現象を生ずるものがあり、このようなバッテリでは
その放電容量を測定することによっては寿命の判定をな
すことができなくなる。
Further, as one of the symptoms of deterioration of a battery such as a nickel-cadmium battery, there is a phenomenon in which although the battery shows normal discharge characteristics immediately after charging, the capacity rapidly decreases when left for several days. In such a battery, the life cannot be determined by measuring the discharge capacity.

【0009】[0009]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】解決しようとする問題
点は、二次バッテリの寿命を判定するに際して、何ら予
測によることなく、また、メモリ効果や充電直後には正
常であるにもかかわらず数日放置することによって容量
が急激に減少する症状の影響を受けることなく、真に寿
命がきているバッテリを容易かつ確実に判定する方法が
確立されていないことである。
The problem to be solved is that when the life of the secondary battery is determined, it is not predicted at all, and the memory effect or the number immediately after charging is normal. There is no established method for easily and reliably determining a battery that has truly reached its end of life without being affected by the symptoms of a sudden decrease in capacity when left for a day.

【0010】[0010]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による二次バッテ
リの寿命判定方法は、メモリ効果や充電直後には正常で
あるにもかかわらず数日放置することによって容量が急
激に減少する症状の影響を受けることなく、真に寿命が
きているバッテリを容易かつ確実に判定することができ
るようにしている。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The method for determining the life of a secondary battery according to the present invention has the effect of a memory effect or a symptom of a sudden decrease in capacity when left for several days despite being normal immediately after charging. Thus, it is possible to easily and reliably determine a battery that has truly reached its end of life without receiving the battery.

【0011】具体的には、一定の放電状態の下でバッテ
リ電圧が所定の使用限界電圧V1に達するまでに第1の
設定基準時間Ta以上かかる第1の条件を充足するか否
かを判定する第1のステップと、一定の放電状態の下で
バッテリ電圧が所定の放電終止電圧V2(V2<V1)
に達するまでに第2の設定基準時間Tb(Tb>Ta)
以上かかる第2の条件を充足するか否かを判定する第2
のステップとを経て、第1の条件および第2の条件がと
もに不足しているときに寿命と認定し、第1の条件また
は第2の条件の何れかが不足しているときには、バッテ
リを満充電してから一定の据置期間の経過後に第1の条
件を充足するか否かの再判定を行う第3のステップを経
て、第1の条件が不足しているときに寿命と認定するよ
うにしている。
More specifically, it is determined whether or not a first condition that takes a first set reference time Ta or more until the battery voltage reaches a predetermined use limit voltage V1 under a constant discharge state is satisfied. In the first step, the battery voltage is reduced to a predetermined discharge end voltage V2 (V2 <V1) under a constant discharge state.
To the second set reference time Tb (Tb> Ta)
The second to determine whether or not the second condition is satisfied
Through these steps, when the first condition and the second condition are both insufficient, it is determined that the battery life has expired. When either the first condition or the second condition is insufficient, the battery is fully charged. Through a third step of re-determining whether or not the first condition is satisfied after a certain stationary period has elapsed after charging, the battery is determined to have a life when the first condition is insufficient. ing.

【0012】[0012]

【実施例】図1は、例えば、複数の電動アシスト自転車
を共同利用する管理ステーションにおける各自転車の搭
載バッテリの状態を定期的にチェックするための具体的
な構成例を示している。
FIG. 1 shows a specific configuration example for periodically checking the state of a battery mounted on each bicycle in a management station that uses a plurality of electrically assisted bicycles, for example.

【0013】ここでは、図2に示すような駐輪用のスタ
ンド1にそれぞれ置かれた複数台の自転車2に搭載され
ているバッテリ3が、その引出し端子がスタンド1側に
設けられているコネクタ4に接触することによって、集
中管理装置6におけるバッテリチェック装置5に接続さ
れて、各バッテリ3の寿命判定が定期的に行われるよう
になっている。
Here, a battery 3 mounted on a plurality of bicycles 2 placed on a bicycle parking stand 1 as shown in FIG. 2 is connected to a connector having a lead-out terminal provided on the stand 1 side. By contacting the battery 4, it is connected to the battery check device 5 in the central management device 6, and the life of each battery 3 is periodically determined.

【0014】そのバッテリチェック装置5は、各バッテ
リ3の充電を行わせる充電回路51と、その各バッテリ
3を定抵抗(または定電流)による一定の放電状態のも
とで放電を行わせる放電回路52と、その充電と放電と
の切り換えを行わせる充放電切換回路53と、充電時お
よび放電時の各バッテリ3の電圧を検出するバッテリ電
圧検出回路54と、適宜タイミングをもって充放電切換
回路53に切換え指令を与えるとともに、バッテリ電圧
検出回路54によって検出されたバッテリ電圧の状態を
監視して各バッテリ3の寿命判定を行う管理用のコンピ
ュータ55とからなっている。
The battery check device 5 includes a charging circuit 51 for charging each battery 3 and a discharging circuit for discharging each battery 3 under a constant discharging state with a constant resistance (or constant current). 52, a charging / discharging switching circuit 53 for switching between charging and discharging, a battery voltage detecting circuit 54 for detecting the voltage of each battery 3 during charging and discharging, and a charging / discharging switching circuit 53 with appropriate timing. It is provided with a management computer 55 that gives a switching command and monitors the state of the battery voltage detected by the battery voltage detection circuit 54 to determine the life of each battery 3.

【0015】なお、返却された自転車2が駐輪用のスタ
ンド1に置かれて、そのバッテリ3が管理ステーション
のバッテリチェック装置5に接続されるたびに、コンピ
ュータ55の制御下でそのバッテリ3が満充電されて次
の貸出しにそなえるようになっている。
Each time the returned bicycle 2 is placed on the bicycle parking stand 1 and its battery 3 is connected to the battery check device 5 of the management station, the battery 3 is controlled under the control of the computer 55. It is fully charged and ready for the next loan.

【0016】本発明による二次バッテリの寿命判定方法
は、このような管理ステーションにおける駐輪用のスタ
ンド1に置かれた自転車2の搭載バッテリ3のチェック
がバッテリチェック装置5において、以下のようにして
実行される。
In the method for determining the life of a secondary battery according to the present invention, the battery check device 5 checks the battery 3 of the bicycle 2 placed on the bicycle parking stand 1 in such a management station as follows. Executed.

【0017】なお、そのバッテリチェックは、自転車2
の貸出しに支障がないように、カレンダー機能をもった
コンピュータ55の制御下において、利用者の少ない深
夜の時間帯に行われる。
The battery check is performed on the bicycle 2
The lending is performed during the late night hours under the control of the computer 55 having a calendar function so as not to hinder the lending.

【0018】図3および図4はそのときのバッテリチェ
ック装置5における処理のフローを示しており、そのフ
ローにしたがって説明をする。
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the flow of processing in the battery check device 5 at that time, and the description will be made according to the flow.

【0019】図3に示す初期判定の処理のフローにあっ
て、まず、管理用のコンピュータ55は、駐輪用のスタ
ンド1に置かれた自転車2の搭載バッテリ3の使用履歴
をチェックする(ステップS1)。そして、前回のバッ
テリチェックから所定の定期点検期間(30日〜40日
程度)が経過していて、かつ満充電してから一定の据置
期間(3日〜5日程度)が経過しているか否かの判定を
行う(ステップS2)。
In the flow of the initial determination process shown in FIG. 3, first, the management computer 55 checks the use history of the battery 3 of the bicycle 2 placed on the bicycle parking stand 1 (step). S1). Then, whether a predetermined periodic inspection period (about 30 days to 40 days) has elapsed since the last battery check and a fixed installation period (about 3 days to 5 days) has elapsed since the battery was fully charged. Is determined (step S2).

【0020】なお、この一定の据置期間は、充電直後に
は正常な放電特性を示すのに、数日放置すると容量が急
激に減少するバッテリ3の劣化の症状の考慮して設けた
ものである。
The fixed installation period is set in consideration of the deterioration of the battery 3, which shows normal discharge characteristics immediately after charging, but rapidly decreases in capacity when left for several days. .

【0021】その症状が起きる原因の一つとして、ニッ
ケル・カドミウム電池ではカドミウム負極のマイグレー
ションが放電中に生じてセルが短絡してしまい、数日放
置するとその間にも症状が進行して容量が急激に減少す
ることが推測される。なお、マイグレーションとは、充
放電によって負極の活物質が溶解−析出反応をくり返す
ことにより、セパレータの細孔にカドミウムが再析出し
て蓄積してしまう現象である。
One of the causes of the symptom is that, in a nickel-cadmium battery, migration of the cadmium negative electrode occurs during discharge and short-circuits the cell. Is estimated to decrease. Note that migration is a phenomenon in which cadmium is re-precipitated and accumulated in pores of a separator due to repeated dissolution-precipitation reactions of an active material of a negative electrode due to charge and discharge.

【0022】そして、定期点検期間が経過し、一定の据
置期間が経過していれば、バッテリチェックを開始する
べく、該当するバッテリ3を定抵杭によって一定の放電
状態にしたうえで(ステップS3)、バッテリ電圧が予
め設定された使用限界電圧V1に達したか否かの判定を
行い(ステップS4)、達しているときにはそれまで計
測した所要時間T1を一時記憶する(ステップS5)。
If the regular inspection period has elapsed and a fixed installation period has elapsed, the corresponding battery 3 is set to a constant discharge state by a constant stake to start a battery check (step S3). Then, it is determined whether or not the battery voltage has reached a use limit voltage V1 set in advance (step S4). If it has reached, the required time T1 measured up to that point is temporarily stored (step S5).

【0023】次いで、一定の放電状態のままで、バッテ
リ電圧が予め設定された放電終止電圧V2に達したか否
かをみて(ステップS6)、達したときにはそれまで計
測した所要時間T2を一時記憶する(ステップS7)。
Next, it is determined whether or not the battery voltage has reached a preset discharge end voltage V2 while maintaining a constant discharge state (step S6). When the battery voltage has reached a predetermined value, the required time T2 measured up to that time is temporarily stored. (Step S7).

【0024】ここでは、バッテリ3として、定格24
V、5Ahのニッケル・カドミウム電池を用いて、5Ω
の定抵抗による一定の放電状態となるようにしている。
その場合、使用限界電圧V1として、例えば23Vに設
定する。また、放電終止電圧V2として、例えば20V
に設定する。
Here, the battery 3 has a rating of 24
V, 5 Ah using a nickel-cadmium battery, 5 Ω
Is set to a constant discharge state due to the constant resistance.
In that case, the use limit voltage V1 is set to, for example, 23V. Further, as the discharge end voltage V2, for example, 20V
Set to.

【0025】そして、一定の放電状態の下でバッテリ電
圧が使用限界電圧V1に達するまでの所要時間T1が第
1の設定基準時間Ta(正常バッテリの電圧がV1に達
するまでの放電時間の90%程度)以上であるか、およ
び一定の放電状態の下でバッテリ電圧が放電終止電圧V
2に達するまでに第2の設定基準時間Tb(正常バッテ
リの電圧がV2に達するまでの放電時間の70%程度)
以上であるか否かの判定を行う(ステップS8)。
The time T1 required for the battery voltage to reach the use limit voltage V1 under a constant discharge state is equal to the first set reference time Ta (90% of the discharge time required for the normal battery voltage to reach V1). Is greater than or equal to) and under constant discharge conditions, the battery voltage
2 until the battery voltage reaches 2 (about 70% of the discharge time until the voltage of the normal battery reaches V2)
It is determined whether or not the above is true (step S8).

【0026】そのとき、T1≧Taの第1の条件および
T2≧Tbの第2の条件を満足していれば、そのバッテ
リ3は正常であると判断する(ステップS9)。
At this time, if the first condition of T1 ≧ Ta and the second condition of T2 ≧ Tb are satisfied, it is determined that the battery 3 is normal (step S9).

【0027】また、そのとき第1の条件および第2の条
件をともに満足していなければ、次に第1の条件または
第2の条件の何れかが不足しているかをみるべく、T1
≧TaおよびT2<Tbであるか、またはT1<Taお
よびT2≧Tbであるか否かの判定を行う(ステップS
10)。
If both the first condition and the second condition are not satisfied at that time, then T1 is checked to see if either the first condition or the second condition is insufficient.
It is determined whether ≧ Ta and T2 <Tb, or whether T1 <Ta and T2 ≧ Tb (step S
10).

【0028】そのとき、T1<TaおよびT2<Tbと
なって、第1の条件および第2の条件がともに不足して
いれば、そのバッテリ3は寿命であると判断する(ステ
ップS11)。
At this time, T1 <Ta and T2 <Tb, and if both the first condition and the second condition are insufficient, it is determined that the battery 3 has reached the end of its life (step S11).

【0029】また、そのとき第1の条件または第2の条
件の何れかが不足していれば、再判定処理に移行する
(ステップS12)。
If either the first condition or the second condition is insufficient at this time, the process shifts to the re-determination process (step S12).

【0030】図4に示す再判定処理のフローにあって、
まず、管理用のコンピュータ55は、該当するバッテリ
3を満充電する(ステップS13)。その後、満充電し
てから一定の据置期間(3日〜5日程度)が経過してい
るか否かの判定を行い(ステップS14)、一定の据置
期間が経過していれば、バッテリチェックを開始するべ
く、該当するバッテリ3を定抵抗(5Ω程度)によって
一定の放電状態にする(ステップS15)。
In the flow of the redetermination process shown in FIG.
First, the management computer 55 fully charges the corresponding battery 3 (step S13). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a fixed installation period (about 3 to 5 days) has elapsed since the battery was fully charged (step S14). If the fixed installation period has elapsed, a battery check is started. To do so, the corresponding battery 3 is set to a constant discharge state by a constant resistance (about 5Ω) (step S15).

【0031】そして、バッテリ電圧が予め設定された使
用限界電圧V1(例えば23V)に達したか否かの判定
を行い(ステップS16)、達しているときにはそれま
で計測した所要時間T1を一時記憶する(ステップS1
7)。
Then, it is determined whether or not the battery voltage has reached a preset use limit voltage V1 (for example, 23 V) (step S16), and if so, the required time T1 measured up to that time is temporarily stored. (Step S1
7).

【0032】次いで、一定の放電状態の下でバッテリ電
圧が使用限界電圧V1に達するまでの所要時間T1が第
1の設定基準時間Ta(42分程度)以上であるか否か
の判定を行う(ステップS18)。
Next, it is determined whether or not the required time T1 until the battery voltage reaches the use limit voltage V1 under a constant discharge state is equal to or longer than a first set reference time Ta (about 42 minutes) ( Step S18).

【0033】そのとき、T1≧Taの第1の条件を満足
していれば、そのバッテリ3は正常であると判断する
(ステップS19)。
At this time, if the first condition of T1 ≧ Ta is satisfied, it is determined that the battery 3 is normal (step S19).

【0034】また、そのときT1<Taとなって第1の
条件を満足していなければ、そのバッテリ3は寿命であ
ると最終的に判断する(ステップS20)。
If T1 <Ta at that time and the first condition is not satisfied, it is finally determined that the battery 3 has reached the end of its life (step S20).

【0035】以上説明した本発明によるバッテリの寿命
判定方法にあって、初期判定と再判定との2回の判定を
行わせる理由としては、メモリ効果によってバッテリ3
が寿命であると誤判定されるのを防止するためである。
In the battery life determination method according to the present invention described above, the reason why the two determinations, the initial determination and the re-determination, are performed is as follows.
This is to prevent erroneous determination that the battery life is reached.

【0036】すなわち、図5の特性で示すように、初期
判定時にバッテリ3がメモリ効果を生じているような場
合、T1≧Taの第1の条件を満足することができな
い。しかし、初期判定時に深い放電がなされたのち、再
判定時にバッテリ3が再度満充電されることによってメ
モリ効果がリフレッシュされる。それにより、図6の特
性に示すように、再判定時の放電特性が正常にもどり、
T1≧Taの第1の条件およびT2≧Tbの第2の条件
をともに満足できるようになる。
That is, as shown by the characteristics in FIG. 5, when the battery 3 has a memory effect at the time of the initial determination, the first condition of T1 ≧ Ta cannot be satisfied. However, the memory effect is refreshed when the battery 3 is fully charged again at the time of re-determination after a deep discharge is performed at the time of the initial determination. Thereby, as shown in the characteristic of FIG. 6, the discharge characteristic at the time of re-determination returns to normal,
Both the first condition of T1 ≧ Ta and the second condition of T2 ≧ Tb can be satisfied.

【0037】また、バッテリ3を満充電してから一定の
据置期間の経過後に判定を開始する理由としては、前述
したバッテリ3の劣化の症状の有無をみるためである。
すなわち、図7の特性に示すように、満充電の直後では
放電特性が正常で、判定のための第1の条件および第2
の条件をともに満足している。しかし、満充電してから
数日放置した後に放電させると、図8の特性に示すよう
に、その間に容量が低下して第1の条件および第2の条
件をともに満足することができなくなり、この時点でバ
ッテリ3に寿命がきていることが認められる。
The reason why the determination is started after a certain stationary period has elapsed after the battery 3 is fully charged is to check for the above-mentioned symptom of deterioration of the battery 3.
That is, as shown in the characteristics of FIG. 7, the discharge characteristics are normal immediately after the full charge, and the first condition and the second condition
Both conditions are satisfied. However, if the battery is discharged after being left for several days after being fully charged, as shown in the characteristics of FIG. 8, the capacity is reduced during that time, and it is no longer possible to satisfy both the first condition and the second condition. At this point, it is recognized that the life of the battery 3 has expired.

【0038】バッテリ3が寿命であると判断されたと
き、管理用コンピュータ55の制御下において、図示し
ない自転車の貸出し機にその該当するバッテリ3を搭載
する自転車の貸出しを禁止させるようにするとともに、
その旨の警報を発するようにする。
When it is determined that the battery 3 has reached the end of its life, under the control of the management computer 55, a bicycle lending machine (not shown) is prohibited from lending a bicycle equipped with the battery 3.
Give an alert to that effect.

【0039】図9は、定抵抗で一定の放電状態にしたと
きのバッテリの種々の状態に応じた放電特性をそれぞれ
示している。a特性は、T1(a)≧Ta,T2(a)
≧Tbとなって、初期判定時に正常と判断されたバッテ
リである。b特性は、T1(b)<Ta,T2(b)<
Tbとなって、初期判定時に寿命と判断されたバッテリ
である。c特性は、再判定にまわされて正常と判断され
たバッテリである。d特性は、再判定にまわされて寿命
と判断されたバッテリである。
FIG. 9 shows discharge characteristics according to various states of the battery when the battery is brought into a constant discharge state with a constant resistance. The characteristic a is T1 (a) ≧ Ta, T2 (a)
≧ Tb, the battery determined to be normal at the time of the initial determination. The b characteristic is T1 (b) <Ta, T2 (b) <
It is Tb, and the battery is determined to have reached the end of its life at the time of the initial determination. The c-characteristic is a battery determined to be normal after being re-determined. The d characteristic is the battery whose life has been determined by being re-determined.

【0040】なお、バッテリの正常、寿命の判断をなす
に際して、実際には定電流放電回路を形成して、放電電
流に依存する時間を設定して判断することになる。
In determining whether the battery is normal or has a long life, a constant current discharge circuit is actually formed, and a time dependent on the discharge current is set.

【0041】[0041]

【発明の効果】以上、本発明による二次バッテリの寿命
判定方法によれば、バッテリを満充電してから一定の据
置期間の経過後に一定の放電状態の下で、バッテリ電圧
が所定の使用限界電圧V1に達するまでに第1の設定基
準時間Ta以上かかる第1の条件と、バッテリ電圧が所
定の放電終止電圧V2に達するまでに第2の設定基準時
間Tb以上かかる第2の条件とを用いて、第1の条件お
よび第2の条件がともに不足しているときに寿命と判断
し、第1の条件または第2の条件の何れかが不足してい
るときには再判定を行って第1の条件が不足していると
きに寿命と判断することにより、メモリ効果や充電直後
には正常であるにもかかわらず数日放置することによっ
て容量が急激に減少する症状の影響を受けることなく、
真に寿命がきているバッテリを容易かつ確実に判定する
ことができるという利点を有している。
As described above, according to the method for judging the life of a secondary battery according to the present invention, the battery voltage is set to a predetermined usage limit under a constant discharge state after a fixed installation period has elapsed after the battery is fully charged. A first condition that requires a first set reference time Ta or more before reaching the voltage V1 and a second condition that requires a second set reference time Tb or more before the battery voltage reaches a predetermined discharge end voltage V2 are used. The life is determined when both the first condition and the second condition are insufficient, and the re-determination is performed when any of the first condition or the second condition is insufficient. By judging that the life is short when the conditions are insufficient, without being affected by the memory effect or the symptoms of a sudden decrease in capacity by leaving it for a few days despite being normal immediately after charging,
It has the advantage that a battery that has truly expired can be determined easily and reliably.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明による二次バッテリの寿命判定方法を具
体的に実施するための構成例を示すブロック図である。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example for specifically implementing a life determination method of a secondary battery according to the present invention.

【図2】複数の電動アシスト自転車を貸出す管理ステー
ションの概略構成を示す図である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a management station for renting a plurality of electrically assisted bicycles.

【図3】本発明による二次バッテリの寿命判定方法を実
施する際の初期判定の処理のフローを示す図である。
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a flow of an initial determination process when the secondary battery life determining method according to the present invention is performed.

【図4】本発明による二次バッテリの寿命判定方法を実
施する際の再判定の処理のフローを示す図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow of a redetermination process when the secondary battery life determining method according to the present invention is performed.

【図5】バッテリがメモリ効果を生じているときの放電
特性を示す図である。
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing discharge characteristics when a battery has a memory effect.

【図6】メモリ効果がリフレッシュされたときのバッテ
リの放電特性を示す図である。
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a discharge characteristic of a battery when a memory effect is refreshed.

【図7】劣化症状をきたしているバッテリの満充電直後
の放電特性を示す図である。
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a discharge characteristic immediately after full charge of a battery that is suffering from deterioration.

【図8】劣化症状をきたしているバッテリの満充電して
から一定の据置期間の経過後における放電特性を示す図
である。
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing discharge characteristics after a fixed installation period has elapsed after a battery exhibiting a deterioration symptom has been fully charged.

【図9】一定の放電状態にしたときのバッテリの種々の
状態に応じた放電特性をそれぞれ示す図である。
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating discharge characteristics according to various states of the battery when the battery is set to a constant discharge state.

【符号の説明】 1 駐輪用のスタンド 2 電動アシスト自転車 3 バッテリ 4 コネクタ 5 バッテリチェック装置 6 集中管理装置 51 充電回路 52 放電回路 53 充放電切換回路 54 バッテリ電圧検出回路 55 管理用コンピュータ[Description of Signs] 1 Bicycle parking stand 2 Electric assisted bicycle 3 Battery 4 Connector 5 Battery check device 6 Centralized management device 51 Charging circuit 52 Discharge circuit 53 Charge / discharge switching circuit 54 Battery voltage detection circuit 55 Management computer

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Fターム(参考) 2G016 CB12 CC01 CC03 CC04 CC10 CC23 CC27 CD14 5G003 AA01 BA01 DA07 EA08 5H030 AA06 AS08 FF44 FF52  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2G016 CB12 CC01 CC03 CC04 CC10 CC23 CC27 CD14 5G003 AA01 BA01 DA07 EA08 5H030 AA06 AS08 FF44 FF52

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 一定の放電状態の下でバッテリ電圧が所
定の使用限界電圧V1に達するまでに第1の設定基準時
間Ta以上かかる第1の条件を充足するか否かを判定す
る第1のステップと、一定の放電状態の下でバッテリ電
圧が所定の放電終止電圧V2(V2<V1)に達するま
でに第2の設定基準時間Tb(Tb>Ta)以上かかる
第2の条件を充足するか否かを判定する第2のステップ
とを経て、第1の条件および第2の条件がともに不足し
ているときに寿命と認定し、第1の条件または第2の条
件の何れかが不足しているときには、バッテリを満充電
してから一定の据置期間の経過後に第1の条件を充足す
るか否かの再判定を行う第3のステップを経て、第1の
条件が不足しているときに寿命と認定するようにした二
次バッテリの寿命判定方法。
1. A first method for determining whether or not a first condition that takes a first set reference time Ta or more until a battery voltage reaches a predetermined usage limit voltage V1 under a constant discharge state is satisfied. Step and whether a second condition that the battery voltage reaches a predetermined end-of-discharge voltage V2 (V2 <V1) for a second set reference time Tb (Tb> Ta) or more under a constant discharge state is satisfied. Through the second step of determining whether or not the service life has expired, it is determined that the life has expired when both the first condition and the second condition are insufficient, and either the first condition or the second condition is insufficient. When the first condition is insufficient after the third step of re-determining whether or not the first condition is satisfied after a fixed installation period has elapsed after the battery is fully charged, Service life of a secondary battery that has been Fixed method.
【請求項2】 二次バッテリが、ニッケル・カドミウム
電池またはニッケル・水素電池であることを特徴とする
請求項1の記載による二次バッテリの寿命判定方法。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery is a nickel-cadmium battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery.
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JPWO2022123634A1 (en) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-16
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