JP2002214876A - Electrifying member and electrifying device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrifying member which hardly sticks to a photoreceptor and having low friction, with which proper image quality can be obtained in a copying machine, printer or the like and to provide an electrifying device which uses the electrifying member. SOLUTION: The electrifying member which is to be brought into contact with the objective body to be electrified to apply a voltage between the member and the objective body for electrifying the object body is composed of an elastic layer and at least one coating film layer formed in the outside of the elastic layer. The coating film layer consists of a resin layer, containing a urethane- modified acrylic resin containing 5 to 80 wt.% acrylic resin component. Moreover, non-reactive silicone oil having <=30,000 for molecular weight is contained by 0.05 to 30 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the urethane-modified acrylic resin.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging member for charging a member to be charged such as a photoreceptor used in an electrostatic latent image process in a copying machine, a printer, or the like, and the charging member provided with the charging member. The present invention relates to a charging device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an electrophotographic process in a copying machine, a printer, or the like, first, the surface of a photoreceptor is uniformly charged, and an image is projected on the photoreceptor from an optical system, and a portion of the photoreceptor exposed to light is exposed. A method of forming a latent image by erasing the charge, then supplying a toner to the latent image, forming a toner image by attaching the toner, and transferring the toner image to a recording medium such as paper for printing. Is adopted. As a method for charging the photoconductor, a corona discharge method has been generally adopted. However, this corona discharge method requires application of a high voltage of 6 to 10 kV, which is not only unfavorable from the viewpoint of machine safety and maintenance, but also generates harmful substances such as ozone during corona discharge. There was a problem above. Therefore, charging can be performed at a lower voltage than the corona discharge, and
Efforts have been made to a charging method capable of suppressing generation of harmful substances such as ozone. As an attempt of such a charging method, a so-called contact method has been proposed in which a charging member to which a voltage is applied is brought into contact with a charged object such as a photosensitive member with a predetermined pressing force to charge the charged object. As a charging member used in this contact charging method, for example, acrylic, urethane, nylon, nylon, or the like is used on the surface of an elastic layer such as rubber or urethane foam in order to ensure surface smoothness, adjust resistance, and improve charging properties. It is known to have a coating layer formed by applying a resin solution such as ethylene or epoxy by a dipping method or a spray method.

[0003]

However, in this charging contact system, when the charging member is in contact with the photoconductor for a long period of time, adhesion occurs between the photoconductor and the charging member. May be peeled off and the surface of the photoreceptor may be contaminated. Furthermore, depending on the strength of the adhesiveness of the resin, friction between the resin and the photoconductor may cause toner fusion or photoreceptor shaving, which may cause an image defect. The coating film is required to have low tackiness.

[0004] The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems, and a charging member that can obtain good image quality in a copying machine, a printer, and the like, is difficult to adhere to a photoreceptor, and has low friction. It is an object to provide a charging device using the charging member.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that a charging member is composed of an elastic layer and a surface layer made of a urethane-modified acrylic resin containing a non-reactive silicone oil. As a result, the present inventors have found that the above objects can be achieved, and have arrived at the present invention. That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a charging member that contacts the member to be charged and charges the member by applying a voltage between the member and the member to be charged includes an elastic layer and an elastic layer. And at least one coating layer formed on the outside of the resin, and the coating layer includes a urethane-modified acrylic resin containing an acrylic resin component in an amount of 5 to 80% by weight. Formed from a resin layer and having a molecular weight of 3000
0 or less non-reactive silicone oil, characterized by containing 0.05 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the urethane-modified acrylic resin,
To reduce the adhesion between the charged object and the friction between the charged object and the surface of the charged object to prevent deterioration of the surface of the charged object due to peeling of the coating layer, fusion of the toner, or scraping of the photoreceptor. Becomes possible.

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the resin layer contains a bifunctional or higher functional isocyanate crosslinking material. The invention according to claim 3 is
The resin layer contains a conductive powder. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the elastic layer is made of urethane foam having a density of 0.05 to 0.9 g / cm ³ . The invention according to claim 5 is
The friction coefficient of the resin layer with respect to 100% cellulose, 30 g / m ³ , and 70 mesh cloth when a load of 100 gf is applied to the charging member is 1.0 or less.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an object to be charged, a charging member for contacting the object to be charged and charging the object to be charged, and a charging member between the charging member and the object to be charged. A voltage applying means for applying a voltage,
As the charging member, the charging member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, which can prevent deterioration of the surface of the member to be charged. Good image quality can be obtained.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Since the charging member of the present invention is used in a contact charging system, its shape is not particularly limited as long as it contacts the member to be charged. Various shapes such as a shape can be applied, and a roll shape is usually preferable. In the case of a roll shape, a metal or plastic shaft may be provided inside these. The structure of the charging member provided by the present invention includes an elastic layer and at least one coating layer, wherein an elastic body is used as the elastic layer, and a resin layer is used as the coating layer. As the roll-shaped charging member, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a metal or plastic shaft 21, an elastic layer 22 formed on the outer periphery of the shaft 21, The charging roller 20 includes a coating layer 23 formed on the surface of the substrate 22 and formed of a resin to which a conductive agent is added. The coating layer 23 is, for example, as shown in FIG.
The charging roller 20 may be formed as a two-layer structure including a surface layer 23A constituting the surface of the charging roller 20 and an intermediate layer 23B formed between the surface layer 23A and the elastic layer 22, or may be formed from three or more layers. You may.

The elastic layer used in the charging member of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be formed of rubber, resin, or foam which has been conventionally used as the elastic layer of the charging member. Specifically, a rubber having a base rubber of polyurethane, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, polynorbornene rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, or the like The composition is exemplified, but polyurethane is particularly preferable, and polyurethane foam having an expansion ratio of 1.5 to 50 is more preferably used. In this case, the density of the foam is 0.05
About 0.9 g / cm ³ is appropriate. A predetermined conductivity can be imparted to the elastic layer by adding a conductive agent such as an ionic conductive agent and an electronic conductive agent.

Here, examples of the ion conductive agent include tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, lauryltrimethylammonium, dodecitrimethylammonium, stearyltrimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium, hexadecyltrimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, and modified aliphatic. Ammonium such as perchlorate such as dimethylethylammonium, chlorate, hydrochloride, bromate, iodate, borofluoride, sulfate, alkyl sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonate, etc. Salts or perchlorates, chlorates, hydrochlorides, bromates, iodates, borohydrofluorides, trifluorides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, etc. Oromechiru sulfate, and sulfonic acid salts.

On the other hand, examples of the electronic conductive agent include conductive carbon black such as Ketjen black and acetylene black, SAF, ISAF, HAF, FEF, GPF, and the like.
Rubber carbon black such as SRF, FT, MT, etc., carbon black for ink subjected to oxidation treatment, pyrolytic carbon black, graphite, or conductive metal oxide such as tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel,
Examples include metals such as copper. One of these conductive agents may be used, or two or more thereof may be used in combination. Also, the amount of these conductive agents is not particularly limited,
Although it is appropriately selected according to various situations, in the case of the ionic conductive agent, it is usually 0.01 to 100 parts by weight of the rubber material.
To 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight. In the case of an electronic conductive agent, the amount is usually 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight. Thereby, the volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 10 ³ to 10 ¹⁰ Ω · cm,
In particular, it is preferable to adjust to 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁸ Ω · cm.
In addition, the conductive elastic layer may include other conductive agents, fillers, cross-linking agents, foaming agents, and the like, if necessary, in addition to the above-described conductive agents.
Other rubber additives can be appropriately added.

Further, the coating layer is composed of a resin layer to which one or more conductive materials are added. In the resin layer of the present invention, the urethane-modified acrylic resin used in the outermost layer is excellent in charging characteristics and charging environment stability, and further has such characteristics that there is no variation in charging performance in manufacturing, it is already. It is introduced in JP-A-7-31493 and JP-A-8-21696. In addition, a method has been introduced to prevent toner fusing by including a silicone chain in the urethane polymer.However, this method is difficult to design, manufacture, and control the resin, so the silicone has a marked surface property modification. And thus the adhesion and friction remained to some extent.

Therefore, in the present invention, the adhesion and friction are reduced by including a non-reactive silicone oil in the urethane-modified acrylic resin such that the silicone can remarkably exert the effect of modifying the surface properties. Successful. The silicone oil to be added to the urethane-modified acrylic resin may be any non-reactive one having a molecular weight of 30,000 or less, preferably 1,000 to 20,000, and dimethyl silicone oil, methylphenyl silicone oil, alkyl-modified silicone oil, There are fluorine-modified silicone oils and the like. Since these silicone oils are non-polar, their occupancy is high on the surface side, so that the coating film layer has a gradient structure in which the density is high on the surface side and low on the inside. As a result, the adhesion and frictional force of the surface of the coating layer can be reduced. Further, by combining the external additive with silica particles, the contact area may be reduced and the adhesion may be further improved. A desired conductivity can be imparted to this surface layer by adding the same conductive agent as that described above, preferably carbon. In addition, the thickness of this surface layer is not particularly limited, but is 30 μm or less, particularly, 3 to
It is preferably 20 μm, and if it exceeds 30 μm,
It becomes hard and the flexibility of the coating layer is impaired. The silicone oil is preferably contained in an amount of 0.05 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the urethane-modified acrylic resin.

The urethane-modified acrylic resin used as the outermost layer in the coating layer of the present invention may be either an aqueous resin type or an organic solvent type resin. Ensuring smoothness, durability,
From the viewpoint of uniform charging and stabilizing the production, it is preferable to sandwich one or more aqueous resins between the elastic layer and the elastic layer. The aqueous resin type used here may be any type as long as the solvent is water, such as a water-soluble type, an emulsion type,
Although there are suspension type and the like, a resin having an active hydrogen such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group or an amino group is particularly preferably used. For example, polyester-based, acrylic-based, urethane-based, hot water-soluble systems such as polydioxolane,
Particularly, when an acrylic resin is used, the dielectric constant is considerably smaller than urethane and nylon, which have been conventionally used as a resin for a charging member. This is preferable because the electric attraction / repulsion between the photoconductors is reduced and the charging noise is improved. In particular, among acrylic resins, the glass transition temperature is −50 ° C. or more and 10 ° C. or less, and a carboxyl group,
A soap-free emulsion type having a hydroxyl group content of 2 to 5% by weight is preferable because of its good crosslinking effect and low hardness. The intermediate layer may be provided with conductivity by adding a conductive agent, but the conductive agent to be used is not limited, and carbon is particularly used.

In this case, the carbon used is particularly limited.
Although not specified, the oxygen content is 5% or more, especially
It is preferably at least 7%, more preferably at least 9%.
PH must be 5 or more, especially 6 or more, and more preferably 7 or more.
Is preferred. That is, the normal oxygen content of carbon
Is about 0.1 to 3%. In addition, oxidation treatment is partially applied.
Although some carbon has been treated,
The pH increases with increasing oxygen content as the oxygen content increases slightly.
Tend to shift to the acidic side,
In some cases, the stability may decrease when added to aqueous resins.
There is. On the other hand, a camera preferably used in the present invention is used.
Carbon is not neutral despite its high oxygen content
The sashimi is maintained alkaline, and stable
It can be added to fats. In addition, gull on the carbon surface
Add functional groups such as boxyl group, hydroxyl group, ketone group, etc.
Some of the hydrogen contained in these groups also
Those substituted with potassium metal are preferably used. these
The resistance of the layer is a volume resistivity of 10^Three-10¹²Ω · cm,
Especially 10^Five-10 ^TenΩ · cm.
The addition amount of ordinary carbon is 0.01 to 40% by weight, especially 5 to 40% by weight.
About 20% by weight.

The method of forming the coating film layer is not particularly limited, but a method of preparing a paint containing each component forming each of these layers, and applying this paint by dipping or spraying. Is preferably used. In any configuration, the resistance suitable for the charging member of the present invention is preferably such that the volume resistivity is 10 ² to 10 ¹² Ω · cm, particularly 10 ⁵ to ¹⁰ 10 to obtain a good image. It is preferably Ω · cm. Also,
If the surface of the charging member manufactured as described above has irregularities, the toner is clogged and causes a defective image. Therefore, it is preferable that the surface is as smooth as possible. In Rz, 4 μm or less, and 3
It is preferably at most 2 μm, particularly preferably at most 2 μm.

In the charging member formed by the above method, a load of 100 gf is applied to the charging member to
When the coefficient of friction of the above-mentioned coating layer was measured with respect to a cloth of 00%, 30 g / m ³ and 70 mesh, the coefficient of friction was 1.0%.
It was below. Hereinafter, a method of measuring a coefficient of friction performed in an embodiment of the present invention described below will be described with reference to FIG. The measurement was performed using a friction tester “H” manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.
EIDON Tribokia "was used. First, the roll-shaped charging member 1 is moved to a movable stage 5 provided on a base 51.
2 fixed on 100% cellulose, 30 g /
m ³ , 70 mesh cloth (Bencott lint free) 2
To the charging member 1 and pressurizing means 5
3. Apply a load of 100 gf according to 3, friction speed 100 mm
/ Min, and the friction resistance at this time is measured by the load cell 54, and the friction coefficient of the charging member 1 with respect to the Bencot lint-free 2 is obtained from the measured friction resistance value. In addition, cellulose 1 was used as a mating material for friction.
The reason why the cloth of 00%, 30 g / m ³ and 70 mesh is selected is that it has the highest correlation with the surface properties of the charging member and that the measuring range of the measuring device is appropriate.

As the charging device of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG.
In addition, the charging roller 20 serving as the charging member of the present invention is driven to rotate while being in contact with the charging roller 20, and a DC voltage or an AC voltage is superimposed on the DC voltage between the photosensitive drum 10 and the charging roller 20 by the voltage applying unit 30. A charging device configured to charge the photosensitive drum 10 by applying the applied voltage can be exemplified. Note that the charging device to which the charging member of the present invention is attached is not limited to this, and the form of the member to be charged or the charging member, the voltage application method by the voltage application unit, or the like may be appropriately changed.

<Example> Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following. Example 1 A coating layer A having a thickness of 100 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and a coating layer B having a thickness of 10 μm was further formed thereon. Produced. The coating layer A is formed by applying a paint obtained by adding carbon to an aqueous acrylic resin, and has a volume resistivity of 5 × 1.
It was adjusted to 0 ⁷ Ω · cm. The coating layer B is formed by dissolving a urethane-modified acrylic resin EAU65B (manufactured by Asia Kogyo Co., Ltd.) in a MEK solvent and adding an isocyanate curing agent. 3 parts by weight were added to the parts by weight. The surface roughness of the roller was 0.7 μm in JIS ten-point average roughness Rz. This roller was heated at a temperature of 22 ° C./humidity of 50% RH under the conditions of 100% cellulose, 30 g / m ³ , 70%
When a friction test was performed using a mesh cloth, the friction coefficient was 0.5. Further, when the above roller was mounted on a printer cartridge and left at a temperature of 40 ° C./humidity of 95% RH for 2 weeks, no close contact with the OPC was observed. When an image was formed using the cartridge, a good image was obtained. Further, no image deterioration was observed even when 6,000 images were continuously output.

Example 2 A coating layer A having a thickness of 100 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and a coating layer C having a thickness of 10 μm was further formed thereon. A charging roller was manufactured. The coating layer A was formed by applying a paint obtained by adding carbon to an aqueous acrylic resin, and the volume resistivity was adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁷ Ω · cm. Coating layer C
After dissolving the urethane-modified acrylic resin EAU65B (manufactured by Asia Kogyo Co., Ltd.) in the MEK solvent and adding an isocyanate curing agent, dimethyl silicone oil L-45 (manufactured by Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd.) is added at 3% by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the urethane-modified acrylic resin. Was added. The surface roughness of the roller was 0.8 μm in JIS ten-point average roughness Rz. This roller was heated at a temperature of 22 ° C./humidity of 50% RH under the conditions of 100% cellulose, 30 g / m ³ , 70%
When a friction test was performed using a mesh cloth, the friction coefficient was 0.55. Further, when the above roller was attached to a printer cartridge and left at a temperature of 40 ° C./95% RH for 2 weeks, no close contact with the OPC was observed. When an image was formed using the cartridge, a good image was obtained. Further, no image deterioration was observed even after continuous image output of 6000 sheets.

Example 3 A coating layer A having a thickness of 100 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and a coating layer D having a thickness of 10 μm was further formed thereon. A charging roller was manufactured. The coating layer A was formed by applying a paint obtained by adding carbon to an aqueous acrylic resin, and the volume resistivity was adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁷ Ω · cm. The coating layer D is
After dissolving a urethane-modified acrylic resin EAU65B (manufactured by Asia Kogyo Co., Ltd.) in a MEK solvent and adding an isocyanate curing agent, carbon and silica particles, a fluorine-modified silicone oil FS1265 (manufactured by Toray Dow Corning) is added to 100 parts by weight of the urethane-modified acrylic resin. 10 parts by weight to the above. The surface roughness of the roller was 2.0 μm in JIS ten-point average roughness Rz. The roller was subjected to a friction test using a cloth of 100% cellulose, 30 g / m ³ , and 70 mesh under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH. The coefficient of friction was 0.7. . Further, when the above roller was attached to a printer cartridge and left at a temperature of 40 ° C./95% RH for 2 weeks, no close contact with the OPC was observed. When an image was formed using the cartridge, a good image was obtained.

Comparative Example 1 A coating layer A having a thickness of 100 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and a coating layer E having a thickness of 10 μm was further formed thereon. A charging roller was manufactured. The coating layer A was formed by applying a paint obtained by adding carbon to an aqueous acrylic resin, and the volume resistivity was adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁷ Ω · cm. The coating layer E is
A urethane-modified acrylic resin EAU65B (manufactured by Asia Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in a MEK solvent, and an isocyanate curing agent was added. The surface roughness of the roller was 0.7 μm in JIS ten-point average roughness Rz. This roller was subjected to a friction test using a cloth of 100% cellulose, 30 g / m ³ , and 70 mesh under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH. As a result, the coefficient of friction was 2.5. .
Also, the above roller is attached to the printer cartridge,
When left at a temperature of 40 ° C./95% RH for 2 weeks, adhesion with OPC occurred. Further, when an image was formed using the cartridge, one streak pattern was observed in the horizontal direction at the photoconductor cycle.

Comparative Example 2 A coating layer A having a thickness of 100 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and a coating layer F having a thickness of 10 μm was further formed thereon. A charging roller was manufactured. The coating layer A was formed by applying a paint obtained by adding carbon to an aqueous acrylic resin, and the volume resistivity was adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁷ Ω · cm. The coating layer F
A urethane-modified acrylic resin EAU65B (manufactured by Asia Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in a MEK solvent, and an isocyanate crosslinking agent, carbon, and silica particles were added. The surface roughness of the roller was 2.0 μm in JIS ten-point average roughness Rz. This roller is heated at a temperature of 22 ° C./humidity of 50% RH under the conditions of 100% cellulose, 30 g / m ³ , 7
When a friction test was performed using a 0 mesh cloth, the friction coefficient was 1.2. Further, when the above roller was mounted on a printer cartridge and left at a temperature of 40 ° C./95% RH for 2 weeks, adhesion to OPC occurred.
Further, when an image was formed using the cartridge, one streak pattern was observed in the horizontal direction at the photoconductor cycle.

Comparative Example 3 A coating layer A having a thickness of 100 μm was formed on the surface of an elastic layer made of conductive urethane foam, and a coating layer G having a thickness of 10 μm was further formed thereon. A charging roller was manufactured. The coating layer A was formed by applying a paint obtained by adding carbon to an aqueous acrylic resin, and the volume resistivity was adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁷ Ω · cm. The coating layer G is
Urethane-modified acrylic resin EAU116B containing silicone as a polymer segment (made by Asia Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
Was dissolved in a MEK solvent, and an isocyanate curing agent and carbon were added. The surface roughness of the above roller is JIS
The ten-point average roughness Rz was 0.9 μm. This roller was subjected to a friction test using a cloth of 100% cellulose, 30 g / m ³ , and 70 mesh as described above under the conditions of a temperature of 22 ° C. and a humidity of 50% RH. As a result, the friction coefficient was 1.3. . Further, when the roller was mounted on a printer cartridge and left at a temperature of 40 ° C./95% RH for 2 weeks, adhesion to OPC occurred. Further, when an image was formed using the cartridge, one streak pattern was seen in the horizontal direction at the period of the photoconductor.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The above-mentioned coating layer of the charging member comprising the elastic layer and the coating layer formed on the surface thereof is formed of a urethane-modified acrylic resin containing a non-reactive silicone oil having a molecular weight of 30,000 or less, so that it is in close contact with the member to be charged. And the friction with the member to be charged can be reduced. Therefore, the contamination of the surface of the member to be charged caused by contact with the member to be charged such as a photoreceptor can be significantly reduced. Further, by using the charging member for a contact-type charging device, a charging device capable of obtaining a good image over a long period of time can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a charging member of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of the charging member of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring a friction coefficient of a charging member.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a charging device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 10 photosensitive drum, 20 charging roller, 21 shaft, 22 elastic layer, 23 coating layer, 30 voltage applying means.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A charging member that contacts an object to be charged and charges the object by applying a voltage between the object and the object to be charged. And at least one coating layer formed on the outside, wherein the coating layer has an acrylic resin component of 5 to 8
A non-reactive silicone oil formed from a resin layer containing a urethane-modified acrylic resin containing 0% by weight and having a molecular weight of 30,000 or less is added in an amount of 0.05 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the urethane-modified acrylic resin. A charging member characterized by being contained. 2. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the resin layer contains a bifunctional or more functional isocyanate crosslinking material. 3. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the resin layer contains a conductive powder. 4. The elastic layer has a density of 0.05 to 0.9.
The charging member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the charging member is made of urethane foam having a g / cm < ³ >. 5. The resin layer according to claim 1, wherein the charging member has a thickness of 100 g.
100% cellulose, 30g when a load of f is applied
/ M ^3, 70 charging member according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the friction coefficient with respect to the fabric of the mesh, characterized in that less than 1.0. 6. An object to be charged, a charging member for contacting the object to be charged and charging the object to be charged, and voltage applying means for applying a voltage between the charging member and the object to be charged. 2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the charging member is used as the charging member.
A charging device, comprising the charging member according to claim 5.