JP2002213028A - Ventilation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an openable/closeable ventilation device capable of introducing the outside air indoors through an underfloor heat insulating layer in a house enclosing an indoor space in a heat insulating manner. SOLUTION: This ventilation device 1 is provided with an opening section 310 on the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 partitioning in a heat insulating manner an underfloor space 50 communicated with the outside air and an underfloor ventilation layer 41 formed below a floor 21. The ventilation device 1 is provided with a heat insulating shield plate 11 capable of being coupled with the opening section 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 and a lift means lifting or lowering the shield plate 11 at a fixed stroke. When the shield plate 11 is lifted, it is coupled with the opening section 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 to interrupt the communication between the underfloor ventilation layer 41 and the underfloor space 50. When the shield plate 11 is lowered, the opening section 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 is opened, and the underfloor ventilation layer 41 is arranged to communicate with the underfloor space 50.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an openable / closable ventilation device provided in a structure under a floor such as a house for introducing outside air into a room from under the floor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a so-called next-generation housing energy saving policy, a house is made more airtight and highly heat-insulated, and furthermore, a planned ventilation with a clear air inlet / outlet is performed, thereby making the indoor environment more comfortable. At the same time, it is required to promote energy saving.

[0003] As a system of planned ventilation in a house having a high airtightness and a high heat insulation structure, fresh outside air is taken into a house, circulated through the house, and discharged outside using natural convection of air. There is known a natural ventilation system as described above, and a heat exchange system in which indoor heat loss is reduced by forcibly performing ventilation while performing heat exchange between outside air to be taken in and indoor air to be discharged.

The present applicant has been conducting research on a comfortable and efficient ventilation structure of a house, and has proposed a ventilation structure of a house in which the natural ventilation system and the heat exchange system are rationally combined. And put it to practical use. One example of an air cycle house using this ventilation structure is shown in FIGS.

[0005] The air cycle house 10 is one-story and has a main part made of a wooden structure. Indoor space 2
Outside the floor 21, the inner wall 22, and the ceiling 23 surrounding 0, an underfloor heat insulation layer 31, a wall heat insulation layer 32, and a ceiling back heat insulation layer 33 are provided, and the indoor space 20 surrounds the outside air with high heat insulation. Have been.

The heat insulating material forming the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 is disposed below a joist, a large pulling material, etc. (not shown) constituting the floor set. Utilizing this, an underfloor ventilation layer 41 is formed between the floor 21 and the underfloor heat insulating layer 31. The underfloor ventilation layer 41 is formed so as to communicate over substantially the entire area under the floor of the air cycle house 10, and contributes to uniformly communicating air into the house. A plurality of floor vents 211 are provided at appropriate places on the floor 21, and the underfloor ventilation layer 41 and the indoor space 20 communicate with each other via the floor vents 211.

The heat insulating material forming the heat insulation layer 33 above the ceiling is disposed above a ceiling beam, a field support, etc. (not shown) for suspending the ceiling 23. Utilizing the height of the ceiling, a ventilation layer 43 above the ceiling is formed between the ceiling 23 and the heat insulation layer 33 above the ceiling. This ceiling under ventilation layer 4
Numeral 3 is formed so as to communicate over almost the entire area above the ceiling of the air cycle house 10. A plurality of ceiling vents 231 are provided at appropriate places of the ceiling 23, and the indoor space 20 and the ceiling back ventilation layer 43 communicate with each other through the ceiling vents 231.

The heat insulating material forming the wall heat insulating layer 32 is the inner wall 22.
And an inner wall ventilation layer 42 is formed between the wall heat insulating layer 32 and the outer wall 51. An attic space 44 is formed between the roof insulation layer 33 and the roof 52.

In the lower part of the wall, the outer wall 51 and the wall heat insulating layer 3
2 and through the inner wall 22 to open and close the outside air inlet 60.
Is provided. The outside air intake 60 includes a gallery 61 having an outer wall 51 opened and incorporated, a shielding plate 62 having an inner wall 22 opened and incorporated, a heat insulating material 63 attached outside the shielding plate 62, It comprises a guide frame (not shown) for holding the plate 62 and the heat insulating plate 63 so as to be able to move up and down.
The guide frame is installed at a position straddling the floor 21 above and below. The shielding plate 62 and the heat insulating plate 63 are moved up and down by an elevating device 64 installed near the lower part of the outer peripheral foundation 53 to open and close the outside air intake 60. The lifting device 64 is
For example, a control device 80 that automatically operates by detecting the outside air temperature
The shield plate 62 and the heat insulating plate 63 are moved up and down using air pressure or hydraulic pressure. By opening the outside air intake 60 (FIG. 8), fresh outside air can be taken into the indoor space 20 and the underfloor ventilation layer 41, and the outside air intake 60 is closed (FIG. 9). Thereby, the indoor space 20 and the underfloor ventilation layer 41 are shielded from the outside air. In addition, even when the outside air intake 60 is closed, the in-wall ventilation layer 42 is in a state of communicating with the outside air through the gallery 61 incorporated in the outer wall 51.

An exhaust fan 331 with a shutter is attached to the heat insulation layer 33 above the ceiling and penetrates the heat insulation layer 33 above the ceiling. The exhaust fan 331 is driven by, for example, a control device 80 that automatically operates upon detecting the outside air temperature, and discharges the air in the under-air ventilation layer 43 to the attic space 44. In a state where the exhaust fan 331 is stopped, a shutter (not shown) is closed, so that communication between the ceiling ventilation layer 43 and the attic space 44 is blocked.

An attic exhaust port 441 is provided below the eaves of the attic space 44, or above the wall, at the ridge, etc., for discharging the air in the attic space 44 to the outside. The exhaust fan 3
The 31 and the attic exhaust port 441 form an exhaust path for exhausting the air in the indoor space to the outside.

A heat exchange type ventilating device 70 is arranged in the underside ventilation layer 43. This heat exchange type ventilator 70
Has an exhaust pipe 71 and an intake pipe 72 that penetrate the wall and open to the outside, and perform heat exchange between air discharged through the exhaust pipe 71 and air sucked through the intake pipe 72.
In the air cycle house 10, the indoor side of the exhaust pipe 71 is opened in the ceiling ventilation layer 43, and the indoor side of the intake pipe 72 is connected to an air supply passage 73 vertically penetrating the indoor space 20. .

The air supply passage 73 is disposed at a position that is not noticeable in the indoor space 20, for example, at the inside of a partition wall (not shown) or at a corner of a closet, and the lower end thereof communicates with the underfloor ventilation layer 41. An air supply fan 74 is attached to the air supply passage 73 at an appropriate position, and by driving the air supply fan 74, the air in the air supply passage 73 is forcibly forced while maintaining the balance with the ventilation amount of the heat exchange type ventilation device 70. It is designed to be moved. The air supply path 73 and the air supply fan 74 form an air supply path through which the air after the heat exchange flows into the room.

A cooling and heating device 90 is installed at an appropriate position in the indoor space (here, above the inner wall 22).

Further, a heat sensor 75 for detecting the outside air temperature is provided outside the outer wall 51 near the eaves. This sensor 75 is electrically connected to a control device 80 with a built-in microcomputer attached to the indoor inner wall 22. The control device 80 includes the sensor 7
5, the exhaust fan 331, the air supply fan 74, the heat exchange type ventilator 70, and the air conditioner 90
, And the opening / closing of the outside air intake 60 is automatically controlled.

The air cycle house 1 constructed as described above.
In the case of performing the natural ventilation at 0, as shown in FIG.
31 is driven, and the heat exchange type ventilator 70 and the air supply fan 74 of the air supply path 73 connected thereto are stopped. The cooling / heating device 90 is also stopped. Then, fresh outside air taken into the underfloor ventilation layer 41 and the indoor space 20 from the outside air intake 60 flows from the indoor space 20 to the ceiling ventilation port 231.
, Rises to the ceiling ventilation layer 43, flows out into the attic space 44 by the exhaust fan 331, and is discharged outside through the attic exhaust port 441. In this way, a sufficient ventilation can be secured by the natural ventilation system using natural convection going upward from the bottom, and it is possible to effectively prevent mold, mites, dew condensation, etc. from occurring in the house. . According to this ventilation method, the required energy is only for driving the exhaust fan 331, so that the energy cost can be reduced.

On the other hand, when performing heat exchange ventilation, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the outside air intake 60 is closed, the exhaust fan 331 is stopped, and the heat exchange type ventilator 70 and the air supply fan 74 of the air supply path 73 connected thereto are driven. The cooling / heating device 90 is also driven. Then, the air in the under-air ventilation layer 43 is exhausted outside by the heat exchange type ventilation device 70, and the outside air is sucked in instead, and heat exchange is performed between the exhaust air and the intake air. Fresh intake air inhaled through the heat exchange type ventilation device 70 is sent to the underfloor ventilation layer 41 via the air supply passage 73 connected to the intake pipe 72 of the heat exchange type ventilation device 70, and the underfloor ventilation layer 41 to floor vent 21
1, flows into the indoor space 20 through the ceiling air vent 1, and is cooled and heated.
Flow into 3 In this way, a certain amount of ventilation can be realized while reducing the heat energy loss of the air in the air-conditioned indoor space 20.

In this ventilation structure, the ventilation path of the natural ventilation system and the ventilation path of the heat exchange system are provided so as to share a part of each other, and the ventilation paths of the two systems are selected according to weather conditions. It is configured so that it can be switched in a timely manner. Therefore, comfortable livability according to the weather conditions can be obtained throughout the year, and the structure and facilities are economical without waste. This ventilation structure can be applied to a house having two or more floors.

[0019]

In the conventional ventilation structure, an outside air intake 60 for introducing outside air into the indoor space 20 is provided through the outer wall 51, the wall heat insulating layer 32, and the inner wall 22. I have. However, when the outside air intake 60 is provided in the wall portion in this way, the outside air intake 60 is naturally exposed to the weather. Then, in order to secure necessary waterproofing performance, airtightness performance, security performance, and the like, the structure of the outside air intake 60 becomes large, and the structure and workability of the wall portion of the house become uneconomical, and the appearance of the house becomes It may have undesired effects. In addition, particularly in an area where the amount of snow in winter is large, the outside air intake 60 is buried in the snow, so that there is also an inconvenience that extra maintenance is required.

Therefore, the present invention particularly relates to a house having the ventilation structure as described above, in which the underfloor heat insulating layer, the wall heat insulating layer and the ceiling heat insulating layer surrounding the indoor space penetrate through the underfloor heat insulating layer instead of the wall heat insulating layer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation device capable of introducing outside air to make the structure and workability of a house more economical and to facilitate maintenance.

[0021]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a ventilating apparatus according to the present invention comprises an underfloor heat insulating layer for insulatingly separating an underfloor space communicating with outside air and an underfloor ventilation layer formed below the floor. A ventilating device provided with an opening, wherein the ventilation device includes a heat insulating shielding plate that can be fitted into the opening of the underfloor heat insulating layer, and elevating means for moving the shielding plate up and down with a constant stroke; The shielding plate cuts off the communication between the underfloor ventilation layer and the underfloor space by fitting into the opening of the underfloor heat insulating layer at the time of ascending or descending, and either at the time of ascending or descending On the other hand, by separating from the underfloor heat insulating layer, the opening of the underfloor heat insulating layer is opened to communicate the underfloor ventilation layer with the underfloor space.

According to the present invention, the shielding plate is raised and lowered,
By opening and closing the opening provided in the underfloor heat insulating layer, outside air can be taken in from the underfloor space into the underfloor ventilation layer, and the inflow thereof can be blocked. Therefore, there is no need to provide an outside air inlet on the wall, and the structure and workability of the wall portion can be made more economical. Further, since the outside air intake is not exposed to the wind and rain, its maintenance is also facilitated.

In the present invention, a cylinder / piston mechanism that operates by, for example, hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, or other fluid pressure can be used as the lifting device constituting the lifting / lowering means. Alternatively, a lifting mechanism driven by an electric motor may be used. The lifting device may be attached to the underfloor insulation layer or its support member, or may be installed at the bottom of the underfloor space. In the case where the switching of the ventilation path in the house is automatically controlled, the operation of the elevating device can be automatically controlled.

[0024]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 4 are longitudinal sectional views showing a state where the ventilation device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is attached to the underfloor portion. FIGS. 2 and 5 show the same ventilation device 1 shown in FIGS. 4
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view seen from a direction orthogonal to FIG. 1 and 2
4 shows a state in which the ventilation device 1 is closed, and FIGS.
Indicates an open state. FIG. 3 is similar to FIG.
It is the top view which looked at this ventilation apparatus 1 from the position of the arrow AA 'shown inside.

First, the basic structure of the underfloor portion to which the ventilation device 1 is attached will be described. The underfloor structure shown in the figure is constructed on a reinforced concrete cloth foundation 54 with a base 21.
2, a wooden floor set including a pull-out 213 and a joist 214 is provided, and a floor plate 215 is laid thereon to form the floor 21. A ventilation packing material 216 is interposed between the top end of the cloth foundation 54 and the base 212 so that the air in the underfloor space 50 can move laterally between the sections divided by the cloth foundation 54. The air in the underfloor space 50 further communicates with the outside air via a not-shown underfloor vent provided on an outer peripheral foundation (see FIGS. 8 and 9) and the like. Further, a heat insulating material 30 is attached to a lattice-shaped section surrounded by the base 212 and the pulley 213 to form the underfloor heat insulating layer 31. The underfloor heat insulating layer 31 is provided at a distance from the lower surface of the joist 214, thereby forming an underfloor ventilation layer 41 capable of moving air laterally below the floor 21. The air in the underfloor ventilation layer 41 passes through, for example, a floor ventilation port 211 (see FIGS. 8 and 9) provided at an appropriate position on the floor 21 and the like, and
It is designed to communicate with

The ventilating device 1 of the present invention comprises the underfloor space 50 and the underfloor ventilation layer 41 thus partitioned by the underfloor insulation layer 31.
In order to be able to open and close freely, a part of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 is provided with an opening. However,
The above-mentioned underfloor structure is an example, and a specific structure such as a foundation or a floor group is not particularly limited to the above-described embodiment. In addition, two-by-four flooring and steel flooring,
The present invention is also applicable to a floor structure having a concrete slab.

In this embodiment, the ventilation device 1 is mounted via a reinforcing plate 34 which is mounted below the underfloor insulation layer 31. As shown in FIG. 3, the reinforcing plate 34 is attached so as to bridge between the top ends of the pair of cloth foundations 54 facing each other. Underfloor insulation layer 31 and reinforcing plate 34
Are formed with openings 310 and 340 penetrating therethrough. The planar shapes of the openings 310 and 340 are substantially square in this embodiment, but are not particularly limited thereto, and may be, for example, circular. The opening 310 formed in the underfloor heat-insulating layer 31 has a tapered peripheral portion so that the opening area becomes slightly smaller upward. The opening 340 formed in the reinforcing plate 34 is slightly larger than the opening 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31.

The ventilation device 1 has a heat-insulating shield plate 11 that can be fitted into the openings 310 and 340 formed in the under-floor heat-insulating layer 31 and the reinforcing plate 34, and moves the shield plate 11 up and down at a constant stroke. Elevating device 12 and this elevating device 12
And a supporting body 13 for supporting.

The shielding plate 11 includes a heat insulating plate 111 made of the same material or a similar material as the heat insulating material 30 forming the underfloor heat insulating layer 31, and a reinforcing back plate 112 bonded to the lower surface of the heat insulating plate 111. And is formed from A taper is formed in the peripheral edge of the heat insulating plate 111 so as to match the opening 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 described above. The size of the back plate 112 is substantially the same as the opening 340 of the reinforcing plate 34 described above,
It is formed slightly smaller than that.

The elevating device 12 utilizes, for example, a hydraulic cylinder / piston mechanism, and operates by operating a small hydraulic pump (not shown) and a hydraulic pump driving battery (not shown).
The shaft 122 is expanded and contracted from the main body 121, and the shielding plate 11 attached to the upper end of the shaft 122 is vertically moved up and down. However, instead of the hydraulic cylinder / piston mechanism, for example, a cylinder / piston mechanism using air pressure or gas pressure, a lifting / lowering mechanism using an electric motor, or the like can be used as the lifting / lowering device 12.

The support 13 is provided on the main body 12 of the lifting device 12.
1 and four guide posts 132 for suspending the bottom plate 131 from the lower surface of the reinforcing plate 34.
And In this embodiment, the guide post 132 is attached near the center of each side of a square opening 340 formed in the reinforcing plate 34 as shown in FIG. However, the mounting position of the guide post 132 may be in the vicinity of the four corners of the opening 340 of the reinforcing plate 34. A guide groove 133 for stabilizing the lifting and lowering operation of the shielding plate 11 is formed in the center side surface of each guide post 132 in the vertical direction. On the other hand, the back plate 1 of the shielding plate 11
A guide pin 134 is attached to the base 12 so as to protrude in all directions.
And is guided.

In this embodiment, the lifting device 12
Is supported by the support 13 in a state where it is suspended from the reinforcing plate 34.
It is also possible to support the elevating device 12 by mounting it thereon.

With the above configuration, when the shielding plate 11 of the ventilation device 1 rises, the shielding plate 11 fits into the opening 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31, and the underfloor ventilation layer 41 and the underfloor space 5
The communication of air between 0 and 0 is shut off. In addition, the shielding plate 11
Is lowered, the opening 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 is opened, and air communicates between the underfloor ventilation layer 41 and the underfloor space 50. Thereby, the outside air flowing into the underfloor space 50 can be introduced into the underfloor ventilation layer 41.

If the effective height of the underfloor ventilation layer 41 has a margin, the shielding plate 11 is lifted into the underfloor ventilation layer 41 when the shielding plate 11 is raised, and the opening 310 of the underfloor insulation layer 31 is opened. Then, when the shielding plate 11 is lowered, the shielding plate 11 may be fitted into the opening 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 from above to close the opening 310. In this case, the taper formed in the opening 310 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 and the peripheral edge of the shielding plate 11 has a slope opposite to that of the above embodiment.

The drive control of the elevating device 12 is performed manually from indoors, or by a control device that detects the outside air temperature and automatically switches the ventilation system of the entire house. As the control device, the same device as the control device 80 (see FIGS. 8 and 9) of the air cycle house described in the description of the related art can be used.

When such a ventilation device 1 is provided in the underfloor insulation layer 31 of the air cycle house 10 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, outside air flows into the underfloor space 50 from around the outer peripheral foundation 53. Then, the outside air can be introduced into the underfloor ventilation layer 41 and further into the indoor space 20 through the ventilation device 1, so that it is not necessary to provide the outside air intake 60 in the outer wall portion.
Therefore, the structure of the outer wall portion is made compact, the economic efficiency, airtightness, durability and the like are improved, and the maintenance of the outer wall portion becomes easy.

On the other hand, by providing such a ventilating device 1 under the floor, maintenance under the floor may be required, but the following considerations can be taken. That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an inspection port 217 that can be opened and closed is provided on the floor 21, and the heat insulating material 30 of the underfloor heat insulating layer 31 located above the ventilation device 1 is cut into an appropriate size in advance. In addition, if necessary, the heat insulating material 301 at the cut portion can be removed. Thereby, maintenance of the ventilation device 1 can be easily performed even from indoors.

[0039]

According to the ventilation device of the present invention, the opening provided in the underfloor heat insulating layer can be opened and closed as necessary to communicate and shut off the underfloor space and the underfloor ventilation layer. By providing the under-floor, suitable ventilation in the house can be realized. In addition, since outside air can be introduced indoors from under the floor, it is not necessary to provide an outside air intake port on the outer wall portion of the house. Thereby, the structure of the outer wall portion can be made compact, economical efficiency, airtightness, durability, and the like can be improved, and maintenance of the outer wall portion can be facilitated. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for an area with a large amount of rainfall and snowfall. Also, since the ventilation device is not exposed on the outer wall or inner wall,
It also contributes to improving the beauty of the house.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a ventilation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached to a lower part of a floor, and shows a state in which the ventilation device is closed.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the underfloor portion shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from a direction orthogonal to FIG.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the installation state of the ventilation device from the position of arrow AA ′ shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the underfloor portion shown in FIG. 1;
The state where the ventilation device was opened is shown.

5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the underfloor portion shown in FIG. 4 as viewed from a direction orthogonal to FIG. 4;

6 is a longitudinal sectional view same as the underfloor portion shown in FIG. 4,
This shows the state when the ventilation device is maintained.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the underfloor portion shown in FIG. 6 as viewed from a direction orthogonal to FIG.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an air cycle house according to the related art, showing a ventilation state when natural air is ventilated by opening an outside air intake.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing an example of an air cycle house according to the related art, showing a ventilation state when performing heat exchange ventilation by closing an outside air intake.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ventilation device 11 Shield plate 12 Elevating device 13 Support body 21 Floor 31 Underfloor insulation layer 310 Opening of underfloor insulation layer 41 Underfloor ventilation layer 50 Underfloor space

Claims (1)

[Claims] An underfloor heat insulating layer for insulatingly separating an underfloor space communicating with outside air and an underfloor ventilation layer formed below the floor,
A ventilation device provided with an opening, comprising: a heat-insulating shielding plate capable of being fitted into the opening of the underfloor heat-insulating layer; and elevating means for moving the shielding plate up and down with a constant stroke. By blocking the communication between the underfloor ventilation layer and the underfloor space by fitting into the opening of the underfloor heat insulating layer at the time of ascending or descending, either at the time of ascending or at the time of descending A ventilating device, wherein the underfloor heat insulating layer is separated from the underfloor heat insulating layer to open the opening of the underfloor heat insulating layer, thereby connecting the underfloor airflow layer and the underfloor space.