JP2002201727A - Cooling method of urban space and its device - Google Patents
Cooling method of urban space and its deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002201727A JP2002201727A JP2000400114A JP2000400114A JP2002201727A JP 2002201727 A JP2002201727 A JP 2002201727A JP 2000400114 A JP2000400114 A JP 2000400114A JP 2000400114 A JP2000400114 A JP 2000400114A JP 2002201727 A JP2002201727 A JP 2002201727A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- wall surface
- film
- photocatalytic
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001443 photoexcitation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241001453636 Salvinia Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 i 2 O 3 Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100325793 Arabidopsis thaliana BCA2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910016264 Bi2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000003729 Neprilysin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000028 Neprilysin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012826 global research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten(VI) oxide Inorganic materials O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、構造物を利用して
都市のヒートアイランド化を防止する都市空間の冷却方
法および装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a device for cooling an urban space, which uses a structure to prevent a city from becoming a heat island.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年の鉄筋コンクリート造構造物等の増
加により、都市部や建物が密集している地域では、夏期
に構造物より放射される熱により気温が上昇するヒート
アイランド現象が起こる。その結果、歩行者に相当な体
感苦痛を与えたり、冷房装置が過度に用いられることと
なり、外部に放出される熱により、さらに周辺気温の上
昇を招くという悪循環が生じている。2. Description of the Related Art Due to the recent increase in reinforced concrete structures and the like, in a city or an area where buildings are densely packed, a heat island phenomenon occurs in which the temperature rises due to heat radiated from the structures in summer. As a result, pedestrians may experience considerable bodily sensations and pains, or the cooling device may be used excessively, and heat released to the outside may cause a further increase in ambient temperature, resulting in a vicious cycle.
【０００３】この問題を解決すべく、例えば実開平６−
３２５０３号（従来例１）では、図４に示されるよう
に、構造物５０に止め具５１によって散水パイプ５２を
取り付け、構造物５０に水を供給する装置が提案されて
いるとともに、特開平６−１５９８６６号（従来例２）
では、図５に示されるように、構造物６０にノズル６１
および温度センサ６２を取り付け、温度センサ６２が一
定温度以上に上昇したことを感知すると、ノズル６１よ
り構造物６０の表面に水を供給するようにした装置が提
案されている。[0003] In order to solve this problem, for example,
In Japanese Patent No. 32503 (conventional example 1), as shown in FIG. 4, a device for attaching a watering pipe 52 to a structure 50 by a stopper 51 to supply water to the structure 50 is proposed. No. 159866 (conventional example 2)
Then, as shown in FIG.
Further, a device has been proposed in which a temperature sensor 62 is attached, and when it is detected that the temperature sensor 62 has risen above a certain temperature, water is supplied from the nozzle 61 to the surface of the structure 60.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上述の冷却装
置のように、単に既存の構造物表面に散水を行うような
場合には、構造物表面材の撥水性により構造物壁面に供
給された水が水滴状の玉となり、ビル壁面に当たる風
や、壁面に沿うように流れるビル風等によって周囲に飛
散してしまい、水滴が通行者に降りかかるようになる。
また、構造物表面材の撥水性により、水膜が不連続にな
るなどムラが生じ効率的に蒸発させることができないな
どの問題が発生することになる。さらには、壁面に供給
された水によって水苔が発生し、壁面が汚れるなどの問
題があった。However, when water is simply sprayed on the surface of an existing structure as in the above-described cooling device, the water is supplied to the wall surface of the structure by water repellency of the surface material of the structure. The water becomes water-drop-shaped balls, and is scattered around by the wind hitting the building wall surface, the building wind flowing along the wall surface, and the like, and the water drops come down to passers-by.
Further, due to the water repellency of the surface material of the structure, unevenness such as discontinuity of the water film occurs, and problems such as inability to efficiently evaporate occur. Furthermore, there was a problem that water moss was generated by the water supplied to the wall surface and the wall surface was stained.
【０００５】そこで、本発明の主たる課題は、構造物壁
面に水を供給し、その蒸発潜熱により空間及び構造物の
冷却を図るに当たり、前記構造物壁面に供給された水を
飛散させず、かつ効率的に蒸発させることが可能である
等の利点を有する都市空間の冷却方法および装置を提供
することにある。Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to supply water to the wall of a structure and to cool the space and the structure by the latent heat of vaporization without scattering the water supplied to the wall of the structure. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for cooling an urban space, which have advantages such as being able to efficiently evaporate.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記課題を解決するため
の本第１発明として、構造物壁面または屋根面の所定領
域に、水膜を保持することのできる親水性の層を形成
し、この親水性の層形成領域に水を供給し、蒸発に伴う
潜熱により周辺空気および構造物を冷却することを特徴
とする都市空間の冷却方法が提供される。According to a first aspect of the present invention, a hydrophilic layer capable of holding a water film is formed on a predetermined area of a structure wall or a roof surface. A cooling method for an urban space is provided, wherein water is supplied to a hydrophilic layer-forming region, and ambient air and structures are cooled by latent heat accompanying evaporation.
【０００７】また、具体的態様に係る第２発明として、
構造物壁面または屋根面の所定領域に、光励起に応じて
親水化する光触媒層を形成しておき、この光触媒層の形
成領域に水を供給し、蒸発に伴う潜熱により周辺空気お
よび構造物を冷却することを特徴とする都市空間の冷却
方法が提供される。これらの場合、日射計を設け、前記
光触媒膜を形成した壁面領域に対する水の供給量を制御
することが望ましい。Further, as a second invention according to a specific embodiment,
A photocatalyst layer that becomes hydrophilic in response to photoexcitation is formed in a predetermined area of the structure wall or roof surface, water is supplied to the photocatalyst layer formation area, and the surrounding air and the structure are cooled by the latent heat associated with evaporation. A method for cooling an urban space is provided. In these cases, it is desirable to provide a pyranometer and control the amount of water supplied to the wall surface region where the photocatalytic film is formed.
【０００８】前記水膜を保持することのできる層として
は、ＴｉＯ２、ＺｎＯ、ＳｒＴｉＯ ３、ＷＯ３、Ｂｉ２
Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＳｎＯ２等の光触媒の他、多孔質の
シリカ（Ｓｉ０２）や水ガラス等の高度の親水性を持つ
材料を挙げることができる。[0008] As a layer capable of holding the water film
Is TiO2, ZnO, SrTiO 3, WO3, Bi2
O3, Fe2O3, SnO2And other photocatalysts
Silica (Si02) And water glass with high hydrophilicity
Materials can be mentioned.
【０００９】前記第１発明および第２発明は、構造物に
代えて、列車や自動車、バスなどの移動車両に対して適
用することも可能である。The first invention and the second invention can be applied to a moving vehicle such as a train, a car, a bus, etc. instead of a structure.
【００１０】一方、都市空間の冷却装置は、構造物壁面
または屋根面の所定領域に、水膜を保持することのでき
る親水性の層または光触媒膜層を形成した構造物と、前
記水膜を保持することのできる親水性の層または光触媒
膜層の形成領域に対して散水を行う水供給設備と、から
なることを特徴とするものである。この場合、前記光触
媒膜層と、構造物壁面または屋根面との間に、光触媒作
用に侵されない中間防護層を設けるのが望ましい。On the other hand, a cooling device for an urban space comprises a structure in which a hydrophilic layer or a photocatalytic film layer capable of holding a water film is formed on a predetermined region of a structure wall or a roof surface, And a water supply facility for spraying water on the formation region of the hydrophilic layer or the photocatalytic film layer that can be held. In this case, it is desirable to provide an intermediate protective layer between the photocatalytic film layer and the structure wall surface or the roof surface, which is not affected by the photocatalytic action.
【００１１】本発明においては、構造物壁面に水を供給
し蒸発させるに当たり、前記水供給領域の壁面に光触媒
膜に代表される水膜を保持できる親水性の層を形成する
ようにするものである。前記光触媒は、酸化チタンに代
表される光半導体物質の総称で、防汚、除菌、脱臭等の
浄化作用に優れた性能を示す材料として、近年多くの分
野で利用されているが、本発明では、この光触媒が持つ
第２の機能、すなわち超親水性を主に利用するものであ
る。In the present invention, when supplying and evaporating water on the wall surface of the structure, a hydrophilic layer capable of holding a water film typified by a photocatalytic film is formed on the wall surface of the water supply region. is there. The photocatalyst is a general term for an optical semiconductor substance represented by titanium oxide, and has recently been used in many fields as a material exhibiting excellent performance in purifying action such as antifouling, sterilization, and deodorization. The present invention mainly utilizes the second function of the photocatalyst, that is, superhydrophilicity.
【００１２】光触媒膜が形成された構造物壁面に水が供
給されると、水は光触媒の超親水性により、水滴状とは
ならず一様な膜となって流下するようになる。その結
果、風によって飛散することはなく、かつ水膜にムラが
生じないため、均等かつ効率的に蒸発するようになり、
蒸発に伴う潜熱によって周辺空気および構造物を効果的
に冷却するようになる。また、光触媒効果により水苔の
発生も抑制できるようになる。When water is supplied to the wall of the structure on which the photocatalyst film is formed, the water flows down as a uniform film instead of water droplets due to the superhydrophilicity of the photocatalyst. As a result, it is not scattered by the wind, and the water film is not uneven, so that it evaporates uniformly and efficiently,
The latent heat associated with the evaporation effectively cools the surrounding air and structures. In addition, the generation of water moss can be suppressed by the photocatalytic effect.
【００１３】さらには、光触媒反応に必要な水が供給さ
れていることにより、光触媒反応が活性化するようにな
るため、外壁の防汚、防菌はもとより、大気の浄化にも
寄与するものとなる。Further, since the water required for the photocatalytic reaction is supplied, the photocatalytic reaction is activated, which contributes to not only the antifouling and germproofing of the outer wall but also the purification of the atmosphere. Become.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態につい
て図面を参照しながら詳述する。図１は本発明を適用し
たビル１の全体斜視図であり、図２は図１のII−II線矢
視図である。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a building 1 to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a view taken along line II-II of FIG.
【００１５】図１に示されるように、ビル１の東、西、
南側のいずれかまたは複数の壁面には、鉛直方向に配置
される送水主管２から水平方向に分岐して複数段の、図
示例では３段の横送水管３、３…が配管され、これら横
送水管３、３…の所定箇所に設けられた定量供給型散水
ノズル４、４…により、ビル１の壁面に対して水が供給
されるようになっている。As shown in FIG. 1, east, west,
On one or more of the wall surfaces on the south side, a plurality of, in the illustrated example, three-stage horizontal water pipes 3, 3,... Water is supplied to the wall surface of the building 1 by the fixed-rate supply type watering nozzles 4, 4,... Provided at predetermined positions of the water supply pipes 3, 3,.
【００１６】前記散水領域を含む壁面領域には、予め光
触媒膜５、５…の層が形成されており、この光触媒膜５
の形成領域に供給された水が蒸発する際に、周辺空気の
熱を奪い大気を冷却するとともに、構造物を冷却するよ
うになっている。なお、前記光触媒膜５はビル壁面全体
に形成するようにしてもよい。The photocatalyst films 5, 5,... Are formed in advance in the wall surface region including the water spray region.
When the water supplied to the formation region of the evaporates, the heat of the surrounding air is taken away to cool the atmosphere and cool the structure. The photocatalyst film 5 may be formed on the entire wall surface of the building.
【００１７】以下、水供給設備を含めて具体的に詳述す
ると、ビル１の屋上には貯水タンク１０が設置され、こ
の貯水タンク１０から前記送水主管２及び横送水管３、
３…を通して水が供給されるようになっている。貯水タ
ンク１０に貯留される水は、上水を使用することもでき
るが、雨水等の有効活用の点から雨水の貯留設備を別途
設けるようにするのが望ましい。同図では、地盤面若し
くは地下等に雨水貯留タンク１２を設け、ビル１の屋上
に降った雨水を縦樋１１、１１により導くとともに、中
水等の再利用水を補給水管１３により導き、これらの水
を水処理装置１４により浄化した後、揚水ポンプ１５に
より屋上に配置された前記貯水タンク１０に送水するよ
うにしている。Hereinafter, the water supply equipment will be specifically described in detail. A water storage tank 10 is installed on the roof of the building 1, and the main water supply pipe 2 and the horizontal water supply pipe 3,
Water is supplied through 3 ... Water stored in the water storage tank 10 may be tap water, but it is preferable to separately provide rainwater storage equipment from the viewpoint of effective utilization of rainwater and the like. In the figure, a rainwater storage tank 12 is provided on the ground surface or underground, and rainwater that has fallen on the roof of the building 1 is guided by the downspouts 11 and 11, and reused water such as medium water is guided by the makeup water pipe 13. After the water is purified by the water treatment device 14, the water is supplied to the water storage tank 10 arranged on the roof by the water pump 15.
【００１８】前記貯水タンク１０に貯留された水は、送
水主管２および横送水管３、３…を介して定量供給型散
水ノズル４、４…まで送られ、ビル壁面に向けて散水さ
れるが、前記定量供給型散水ノズル４として、散水した
水が周囲に飛散しないようにするとともに、拡散しなが
ら均等に散水されるように工夫したものが好適に用いら
れる。The water stored in the water storage tank 10 is sent to the fixed supply type watering nozzles 4, 4,... Through the main water supply pipe 2 and the horizontal water supply pipes 3, 3,. As the fixed supply type watering nozzle 4, a nozzle that is designed so that the water that has been sprayed does not scatter around and is evenly sprayed while diffusing is preferably used.
【００１９】一方、散水領域を含むビルの壁面領域に形
成される光触媒膜５は、光を吸収して半導体が励起して
生成した電子正孔対が、半導体表面の酸素や水に移行し
て活性酸素を生じさせるエネルギー変換材料である。こ
のような半導体の中には、正孔が水に移行するのではな
く、表面の構造変化に消費されて水濡れ性を著しく高め
る効果を認めるものがある。On the other hand, in the photocatalyst film 5 formed on the wall surface area of the building including the water spray area, the electron-hole pairs generated by absorbing light and exciting the semiconductor are transferred to oxygen and water on the semiconductor surface. It is an energy conversion material that generates active oxygen. Some of such semiconductors have an effect that holes are not transferred to water, but are consumed by structural change of the surface to remarkably enhance water wettability.
【００２０】このような超親水性作用は、活性酸素発生
効率の高い光触媒群とは必ずしも一致せず、親水性に優
れるが活性の低いもの、活性が高いが親水性は劣るもの
がある。本発明では、各種光触媒の中で親水性に優れる
光触媒を選択して用いるようにするのが望ましい。具体
的には、ＴｉＯ２、ＺｎＯ、ＳｒＴｉＯ３、ＷＯ３、Ｂ
ｉ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＳｎＯ２等の光触媒半導体材料
を挙げることができる。Such a superhydrophilic action does not always coincide with the photocatalyst group having a high active oxygen generation efficiency, and some of them have excellent hydrophilicity but low activity, and others have high activity but poor hydrophilicity. In the present invention, it is desirable to select and use a photocatalyst having excellent hydrophilicity among various photocatalysts. Specifically, TiO 2 , ZnO, SrTiO 3 , WO 3 , B
Examples include photocatalytic semiconductor materials such as i 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and SnO 2 .
【００２１】この場合、必要とする親水性の度合いは、
供給した水流が完全に濡れ拡がる程度であり、概ね接触
角（水滴の端部接線角）が１０°以下、好ましくは５°
以下、より好ましくは３°以下であることが望ましい。In this case, the required degree of hydrophilicity is
The supplied water flow is of such an extent that it completely wets and spreads, and the contact angle (the tangent angle at the end of the water droplet) is generally 10 ° or less, preferably 5 °
Or less, more preferably 3 ° or less.
【００２２】一方で、壁面に対して油性物質が付着する
と、水流の拡がりを阻害するので望ましくない。したが
って、前記光触媒膜５としては、超親水性であってかつ
疎油性であることが望ましい。このような条件は、酸化
チタンなどの光触媒に十分な紫外線照射を行うと発現す
ることが確認されている。図３は、水およびヘキサデカ
ン（鉱物油）について、縦軸に接触角を取り、横軸に紫
外線照射時間を取り、両者の相関を試験した図である
が、十分に紫外線を照射すると、親水性および疎油性を
発揮することが判る。On the other hand, if the oily substance adheres to the wall surface, the spread of the water flow is undesirably prevented. Therefore, it is desirable that the photocatalyst film 5 is superhydrophilic and oleophobic. It has been confirmed that such a condition occurs when a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide is sufficiently irradiated with ultraviolet rays. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the contact angle of water and hexadecane (mineral oil) on the vertical axis and the time of ultraviolet irradiation on the horizontal axis, and the correlation between the two was examined. And it shows that it exhibits oleophobicity.
【００２３】他方で、水に晒された壁面は、水苔などの
藻類の発生が懸念される。このような問題に対しては、
酸化分解力を有する光触媒活性も発現することが望まし
い。さらに、壁面材や屋根材として意匠性を損なわない
性質（透明性や着色性）や常に水流に浸漬していても強
度劣化がない等の耐久性も同時に必要とされる。On the other hand, on the wall surface exposed to water, there is a concern that algae such as moss may be generated. For such a problem,
It is also desirable to exhibit photocatalytic activity having oxidative decomposition power. Further, it is required to have a property (transparency and colorability) that does not impair the design property as a wall material or a roof material, and also to have durability such as no strength deterioration even when constantly immersed in a water flow.
【００２４】以上のような各種の性能を合わせ持つ光触
媒膜５としては、特にゾルゲル法で作製されたＴｉＯ２
−ＳｉＯ２混合薄膜、スパッタリング法で作製されたＴ
ｉＯ ２−ＳｉＯ２等が好適とされる。また、適用される
外装材および屋根材としては、ガラス、ポリカーボネー
ド、ＰＶＣ等のテント膜構造材、セラミックタイル、セ
メント外壁、ペイント等の塗装などに適用することがで
きる。Light contact having various performances as described above
The medium film 5 is made of TiO formed by a sol-gel method, in particular.2
-SiO2Mixed thin film, T made by sputtering method
iO 2-SiO2Etc. are preferred. Also apply
Exterior and roofing materials include glass and polycarbonate
Tent membrane structural materials such as ceramics, PVC, etc.
It can be applied to paints such as exterior walls, paint, etc.
Wear.
【００２５】ところで、前記二酸化チタン等の光触媒
は、一部の有機材料を除く有機物質に対して浸食性を示
す性質がある。すなわち、光触媒作用により水や空気中
の水分が酸化されて発生したヒドロキシラジカル（・Ｏ
Ｈ）や、空気中の酸素が還元されて発生したスーパーオ
キサイドアニオン（Ｏ２ −）などの活性物質は有機物を
分解する作用が有り、ビル壁面の塗装に用いられている
塗料成分に有機材料が含まれている場合には、この有機
塗料を侵し、塗膜と共に光触媒膜５の剥落が起き易くな
る。そこで、前記光触媒膜と構造物壁面との間に、無機
質材料または一部の有機材料からなる光触媒作用に侵さ
れない中間防護層を設けるようにするのが良い。Incidentally, the above-mentioned photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide has a property of being erosive to organic substances except for some organic materials. That is, the hydroxyl radical (· O
H) and active substances such as superoxide anion (O 2 − ) generated by the reduction of oxygen in the air have the action of decomposing organic substances, and organic materials are used as paint components used for painting building walls. If it is contained, the organic paint is eroded, and the photocatalytic film 5 is liable to peel off together with the coating film. Therefore, it is preferable to provide an intermediate protective layer made of an inorganic material or a part of an organic material, which is not affected by the photocatalytic action, between the photocatalytic film and the structure wall surface.
【００２６】前記中間防護層を構成する光触媒作用に侵
されない物質としては、シリカ、アルミナ、酸化インジ
ウム、酸化ジルコニウム、ＳｉＯ２、、窒化物、硫化
物、炭化物、カーボン等のセラミック、金属などの各種
無機材料の薄膜を用いることができるとともに、光触媒
作用に侵されない、若しくは侵され難いシリコーン樹
脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンなどの有機材料の薄膜
を用いることができる。The non-photocatalytic substances constituting the intermediate protective layer include various materials such as silica, alumina, indium oxide, zirconium oxide, SiO 2 , ceramics such as nitrides, sulfides, carbides, carbons, carbon, and the like. A thin film of an inorganic material can be used, and a thin film of an organic material such as a silicone resin or polytetrafluoroethylene that is not or hardly affected by photocatalysis can be used.
【００２７】かかる都市空間の冷却装置において、ビル
壁面の光触媒膜５の形成領域に水が供給されると、水
は、光触媒膜５の超親水機能により、水滴状とはならず
一様な膜となって流下するようになる。その結果、風に
吹かれても水膜から水滴が分離しづらくなり、周辺に飛
散することが無くなる。また、水膜が一様な膜状態とな
りムラが生じていないため、太陽光を均等に受光し水が
効率的に蒸発するようになるなど、種々の問題を解決し
ながら、蒸発に伴う潜熱によってビル壁面および周辺の
空気を効果的に冷却出来るようになる。In such a cooling device for an urban space, when water is supplied to the formation area of the photocatalyst film 5 on the wall surface of the building, the water does not form water droplets due to the super-hydrophilic function of the photocatalyst film 5, but the uniform film is formed. And it starts to flow down. As a result, even when blown by the wind, the water droplets are hardly separated from the water film, and do not scatter around. In addition, since the water film is in a uniform film state and has no unevenness, the latent heat accompanying the evaporation solves various problems such as receiving sunlight evenly and water evaporating efficiently. The building wall and the surrounding air can be effectively cooled.
【００２８】また、光触媒膜５は、太陽光線を受けると
励起され、表面にある水分や酸素と反応してスーパーオ
キサイドアニオンなどの活性酸素と、ヒドロキシラジカ
ルを生じる。この酸化還元反応により、防汚機能、除菌
機能、脱臭機能等を発揮する。この光触媒反応に際し
て、酸化反応に必要な水が十分に供給されていることに
より、光触媒反応が活性化するようになり、水苔の発生
防止及び外壁の防汚はもとより、大気の浄化にも大いに
貢献するものとなる。The photocatalyst film 5 is excited when exposed to sunlight and reacts with moisture and oxygen on the surface to generate active oxygen such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical. By this oxidation-reduction reaction, an antifouling function, a disinfecting function, a deodorizing function and the like are exhibited. In this photocatalytic reaction, the sufficient supply of water necessary for the oxidation reaction activates the photocatalytic reaction, which greatly prevents water moss generation and stains on the outer walls as well as purifies the atmosphere. Will contribute.
【００２９】ところで、前記ビル壁面に水が供給されて
も、日射量が足らない場合には蒸発が促進されない。そ
のため、図１に示されるように、ビル壁面に当たる日射
量を計測する日射計２０およびバルブ制御器２１を配設
するとともに、前記送水主管２の途中に制御バルブ２２
を設けておき、前記日射計２０による計測値に基づき、
前記バルブ制御器２１により前記制御バルブ２２の開度
を調整し、水の供給量を制御するのが望ましい。By the way, even if water is supplied to the building wall, evaporation is not promoted if the amount of solar radiation is insufficient. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, a pyranometer 20 and a valve controller 21 for measuring the amount of solar radiation impinging on the wall surface of the building are provided, and a control valve 22 is provided in the water main pipe 2.
Is provided, based on the measured value by the pyranometer 20,
It is desirable that the valve controller 21 adjusts the opening of the control valve 22 to control the amount of water supplied.
【００３０】以上、ビル壁面に対する適用例について詳
述したが、本発明は屋根面に対しても同様に適用可能で
ある。屋根面等で傾斜が無い場合には、壁面のように水
滴の飛散は問題とならないが、一様な水膜を形成して蒸
発を促進し得る点、および水供給領域に水苔等の発生を
防止し得る点において、光触媒膜の形成は非常に有効な
ものとなる。さらに、本発明はビル等の固定構造物以外
に、電車、自動車、バス等の都市部を交通する移動車両
への適用も可能である。Although the application example to the wall surface of the building has been described in detail, the present invention can be similarly applied to the roof surface. If there is no inclination on the roof surface, etc., the scattering of water droplets is not a problem like the wall surface, but the point that a uniform water film can be formed to promote evaporation, and the generation of water moss etc. in the water supply area The formation of the photocatalyst film is very effective in that the formation of the photocatalytic film can be prevented. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to fixed structures such as buildings, but also to moving vehicles such as trains, automobiles, and buses that travel in urban areas.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】以上詳説のとおり本発明によれば、構造
物壁面または屋根面に水を供給し、その蒸発潜熱により
空間および構造物の冷却を図るに当たり、構造物壁面に
供給された水を飛散させず、かつ効率的に蒸発させなが
ら都市空間および構造物を冷却することが可能となる。
また、光触媒反応を活性化することにより、水苔の発生
を防止するとともに、外壁防汚、防菌、大気の浄化にも
寄与し得るようになる。さらには、構造物壁面または屋
根面の冷却により冷房負荷が低減され、省エネルギー化
も同時に図り得るようになる。As described in detail above, according to the present invention, water is supplied to the wall surface of a structure or a roof surface, and the water supplied to the wall surface of the structure is used to cool the space and the structure by the latent heat of evaporation. It is possible to cool urban spaces and structures while avoiding scattering and evaporating efficiently.
Further, by activating the photocatalytic reaction, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of water moss, and to contribute to antifouling of outer walls, antibacterial properties, and purification of the atmosphere. Furthermore, the cooling load is reduced by cooling the structure wall surface or the roof surface, and energy saving can be achieved at the same time.
【図１】本発明を適用したビル１の全体斜視図である。FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a building 1 to which the present invention is applied.
【図２】図１のII−II線矢視図である。FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
【図３】紫外線照射時間と接触角との相関図である。FIG. 3 is a correlation diagram between an ultraviolet irradiation time and a contact angle.
【図４】従来例１に係る冷却装置を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cooling device according to Conventional Example 1.
【図５】従来例２に係る冷却装置を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a cooling device according to Conventional Example 2.
１…ビル、２…送水管、３…横送水管、４…定量供給型
散水ノズル、５…光触媒膜、１０…貯水タンク、１１…
縦樋、１２…雨水貯留タンク、１３…補給水管、１４…
水処理装置、１５…揚水ポンプ、２０…日射計、２１…
バルブ制御器、２２…制御バルブDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Building, 2 ... Water supply pipe, 3 ... Horizontal water supply pipe, 4 ... Fixed supply type watering nozzle, 5 ... Photocatalyst film, 10 ... Water storage tank, 11 ...
Downspout, 12 ... rainwater storage tank, 13 ... makeup water pipe, 14 ...
Water treatment device, 15: pump, 20: pyranometer, 21 ...
Valve controller, 22 ... control valve
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 石田 清治 東京都中央区日本橋本石町４丁目４番20号 三井第２別館 新日本空調株式会社内 (72)発明者 横山 邦雄 東京都中央区日本橋本石町４丁目４番20号 三井第２別館 新日本空調株式会社内 (72)発明者 首藤 治久 東京都中央区日本橋本石町４丁目４番20号 三井第２別館 新日本空調株式会社内 (72)発明者 木村 崇 東京都中央区日本橋本石町４丁目４番20号 三井第２別館 新日本空調株式会社内 (72)発明者 渡部 俊也 神奈川県藤沢市鵠沼海岸７−10−30 (72)発明者 磯和 俊男 東京都中央区日本橋本石町３丁目３番８号 株式会社エコグローバル研究所内 Ｆターム(参考） 2E001 DD04 DD12 FA03 FA16 GA00 GA08 GA10 HA14 HB01 HE10 KA01 LA16 3L044 AA04 BA09 CA18 DD03 EA04 GA02 HA03 JA00 KA01 KA04 4G069 AA03 AA08 BA02B BA04B BA48A BB04B BB06B BC12B BC22B BC25B BC35B BC50B BC60B BC66B CD10 DA06 EA11 ED02 EE01 FA03 FB02 FB23 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Seiji Ishida 4-4-2, Nihonbashi Honishicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Mitsui Second Annex Shin Nippon Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kunio Yokoyama Nihonbashimoto, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Mitsui No. 2 Annex, Shin Nippon Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Haruhisa Shuto 4-4-2, Nihonbashi Honishicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Mitsui No. 2 Annex Shin Nihon Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takashi Kimura 4-4-20 Nihonbashi Honishicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Mitsui Second Annex Shin Nippon Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiya Watanabe 7-10-30 Kugenuma Beach, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa (72) Inventor Toshio Isowa 3-3-8, Nihonbashi-Honishi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo F-term in Eco-Global Research Laboratories Co., Ltd. (Reference) 2E001 DD04 DD12 FA03 FA16 GA00 GA08 GA10 HA14 HB01 HE10 KA01 LA16 3L044 AA04 BA09 CA18 DD03 EA04 GA02 HA03 JA00 KA01 KA04 4G069 AA03 AA08 BA02B BA04B BA48A BB04B BB06B BC12B BC22B BC25B BC35B BC50B BC60B BC66B CD10 DA06 EA11 FB03
Claims (6)
膜を保持することのできる親水性の層を形成し、この親
水性の層形成領域に水を供給し、蒸発に伴う潜熱により
周辺空気および構造物を冷却することを特徴とする都市
空間の冷却方法。1. A hydrophilic layer capable of holding a water film is formed on a predetermined area of a wall surface or a roof surface of a structure, and water is supplied to the hydrophilic layer forming area. A method for cooling an urban space, comprising cooling surrounding air and structures.
励起に応じて親水化する光触媒層を形成しておき、この
光触媒層の形成領域に水を供給し、蒸発に伴う潜熱によ
り周辺空気および構造物を冷却することを特徴とする都
市空間の冷却方法。2. A photocatalyst layer, which becomes hydrophilic in response to photoexcitation, is formed in a predetermined area on the wall surface or roof surface of a structure, and water is supplied to the area where the photocatalyst layer is formed. And a method of cooling an urban space, comprising cooling a structure.
できる親水性の層または光触媒膜層の形成領域に対する
水の供給量を制御することを特徴とする都市空間の冷却
方法。3. A method for cooling an urban space, comprising providing a pyranometer and controlling a supply amount of water to a region where a hydrophilic layer or a photocatalytic film layer capable of holding the water film is formed.
求項１〜３いずれかに記載の都市空間の冷却方法。4. The method for cooling an urban space according to claim 1, wherein the method is applied to a moving vehicle instead of the structure.
膜を保持することのできる親水性の層または光触媒膜層
を形成した構造物と、前記水膜を保持することのできる
親水性の層または光触媒膜層の形成領域に対して散水を
行う水供給設備と、からなることを特徴とする都市空間
の冷却装置。5. A structure in which a hydrophilic layer or a photocatalytic film layer capable of holding a water film is formed on a predetermined region of a wall surface or a roof surface of a structure, and a hydrophilic structure capable of holding the water film. And a water supply facility for spraying water to the region where the photocatalytic film layer is formed.
面との間に、光触媒作用に侵されない中間防護層を設け
てある請求項５記載の都市空間の冷却装置。6. The cooling device for an urban space according to claim 5, wherein an intermediate protective layer which is not affected by the photocatalytic action is provided between the photocatalytic film layer and a structural wall surface or a roof surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000400114A JP3658320B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2000-12-28 | Method and apparatus for cooling urban space |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000400114A JP3658320B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2000-12-28 | Method and apparatus for cooling urban space |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002201727A true JP2002201727A (en) | 2002-07-19 |
| JP3658320B2 JP3658320B2 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005110599A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-24 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Photocatalytic laminated film |
| JP2006177575A (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-06 | Univ Nagoya | Spraying system for lowering temperature |
| JP2007204969A (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-16 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Building |
| JP2008144375A (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-26 | Fujishiro Jimusho:Kk | Wall surface cooling system and building cooling system |
| CN101906824A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-12-08 | 何玉成 | Method and device for water storage, evaporative cooling and energy conservation for outer wall of building by using air conditioner condensed water |
| CN102444221A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-05-09 | 杜文娟 | Building structure of atomizing and cooling outer wall |
| KR101530315B1 (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-06-23 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Mist spray system and its installation method |
| KR101813796B1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-31 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | Indoor Attemperation Apparatus |
-
2000
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005110599A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-24 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Photocatalytic laminated film |
| JP2006177575A (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-06 | Univ Nagoya | Spraying system for lowering temperature |
| JP4639330B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2011-02-23 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | Temperature drop spray system |
| JP2007204969A (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-16 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Building |
| JP2008144375A (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-26 | Fujishiro Jimusho:Kk | Wall surface cooling system and building cooling system |
| CN101906824A (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2010-12-08 | 何玉成 | Method and device for water storage, evaporative cooling and energy conservation for outer wall of building by using air conditioner condensed water |
| CN102444221A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-05-09 | 杜文娟 | Building structure of atomizing and cooling outer wall |
| CN102444221B (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2014-12-24 | 杜文娟 | Building structure of atomizing and cooling outer wall |
| KR101530315B1 (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-06-23 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Mist spray system and its installation method |
| KR101813796B1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-31 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | Indoor Attemperation Apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3658320B2 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
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