JP2002182228A - Liquid crystal display device and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high brightness and high contrast liquid crystal display device with a simple construction without making the manufacturing process complex. SOLUTION: In the liquid crystal display device of the invention, a liquid crystal 22 containing a dichromatic dye is held between a pair of substrates faced to each other; both of an upper substrate 7 and a lower substrate 1 have a common electrode and pixel electrodes; and in the liquid crystal 22, the portion close to the upper substrate 7 is driven by the lateral electric field generated by the common electrode 19 and the pixel electrodes 12 on the upper substrate 7; and also the portion close to the lower substrate 1 is driven by the lateral electric field generated by the common electrode 14 and the pixel electrodes 6 on the lower substrate 1. This construction eliminates the need for an intermediate substrate in a conventional laminated GH(Guest-Host)-type liquid crystal display device.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and an electronic apparatus, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal display device using the structure of a stacked guest host mode liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a general reflection type liquid crystal display device usually uses one or two polarizing plates. However, since the polarizing plates absorb light, the efficiency of using external light is maximized. However, there is a problem that the display is dark as low as about 50% and the display is dark. In order to solve this problem, a guest-host (Guest-House) is used as one form of a liquid crystal display device that does not use a polarizing plate.
A liquid crystal display device of a st (hereinafter abbreviated as GH) mode is known. A GH mode liquid crystal display device includes a dichroic dye (guest) having anisotropy in absorption of visible light in a major axis direction and a minor axis direction of a molecule in a liquid crystal (host) having a fixed molecular arrangement. And dichroic dye molecules are arranged in parallel with the liquid crystal molecules. As a result, when the molecular arrangement of the host liquid crystal is changed by applying a voltage, the molecular arrangement of the guest dye also changes in conjunction therewith, and the display can be performed by electrically controlling the amount of visible light absorbed by the dichroic dye. Become.

However, in the case of a GH mode liquid crystal display device, there is a problem that it is difficult to achieve both brightness and contrast. The reason is that although the liquid crystal near the center between the substrates has no problem, the liquid crystal molecules especially near the substrate surface cannot follow the orientation of the bulk, and the black display floats. Therefore, in the GH mode liquid crystal display device, although the display is bright, there is a problem that the contrast cannot be obtained.

[0004] Therefore, even in a GH mode liquid crystal display device, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. H10-239702 and 2000-2
A multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 21538 is proposed. FIGS. 22A and 22B are diagrams for explaining one operation principle of the multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device. In the case of the multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device 100 of this example, three substrates (upper substrate 101, middle substrate 102, and lower substrate 103) are used, between the upper substrate 101 and the middle substrate 102, and between the middle substrate 102 and the lower substrate. Liquid crystals 104 a and 104 b each containing a dichroic dye are interposed between the liquid crystal 103. Electrodes 105 are formed on the lower surface of upper substrate 101, the upper and lower surfaces of middle substrate 102, and the upper surface of lower substrate 103, respectively.
Is provided, and the liquid crystal 1 between the upper substrate 101 and the middle substrate 102 is provided.
04a, liquid crystal 104 between middle substrate 102 and lower substrate 103
b can be driven independently. That is,
The stacked GH type liquid crystal display device 100 has a configuration in which two sets of liquid crystal cells having a common middle substrate 102 are stacked.

For example, when a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δε> 0) is used, a horizontal alignment process in a direction parallel to the plane of the paper is applied to the upper liquid crystal cell (the lower surface of the upper substrate 101 and the upper surface of the middle substrate 102). If the lower liquid crystal cell (the lower surface of the middle substrate 102 and the upper surface of the lower substrate 103) is subjected to horizontal alignment processing in a direction penetrating the plane of the paper, the liquid crystal molecules 106 and Dichroic dye molecules 107
Are oriented as shown in FIG. At this time, since the polarized light having the vibration direction in the direction parallel to the paper surface and the vibration direction in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface are absorbed by each liquid crystal cell, the light is absorbed as a whole, and black display is performed without applying a voltage. Next, when a voltage is applied to both liquid crystal cells, the liquid crystal molecules 106 and the dichroic dye molecules 107 are arranged along the electric field.
Orientation is perpendicular to the substrate surface as shown in FIG. At this time, since the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 106 and the dichroic dye 107 is parallel to the light transmission direction, no light is absorbed, and white display is performed in a voltage applied state. According to such an operation principle, the contrast can be improved in the stacked GH type liquid crystal display device as compared with a general GH type liquid crystal display device.

As one means for widening the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display device, an in-plane horizontal electric field is generated on a substrate, and the horizontal electric field rotates liquid crystal molecules in a plane parallel to the substrate. In-Plane Switching (hereinafter referred to as I)
Technology (abbreviated as PS) has been put to practical use. In recent years, Fringe-Field Switching (Fringe-Field Switching)
Technology (abbreviated as FS) is "High-Transmittance, Wide-
Viewing-Angle Nematic Liquid Crystal Display Contr
olled by Fringe-Field Switching ", SHLee et al.,
ASIA DISPLAY 98, p.371-374, "A HighQuality AM-LCD
using Fringe-Field Switching Technology ", SHLee
et al., IDW'99, p.191-194.

Hereinafter, the FFS technology described in this specification will be described. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the difference between the concepts of IPS and FFS, where FIG.
Indicates FFS. A pair of substrates 200, 2
Similarly, the liquid crystal molecules 202 between 01 are driven by the horizontal electric field E by the pair of electrodes 203 and 204. However,
Assuming that the cell gap is d, the electrode width is w, and the distance between the electrodes is 1, the relationship between these dimensions is 1 / d> 1 and 1 / w> 1 in IPS, whereas l / d <in FFS. 1 and l / w <1, or l / d = 0 and l / w = 0.
That is, in the IPS, the inter-electrode distance is larger than the cell gap and the electrode width, whereas in the FFS, the inter-electrode distance is smaller than the cell gap and the electrode width (see the IPS of FIG. 23A).
2) or the distance between the electrodes is 0, in other words, in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3B, an electrode configuration in which the other electrode 203 (+ pole) is stacked above the one electrode 204 (−pole) via the insulating layer 205 is adopted.

The direction of the electric field generated by the difference in the electrode configuration slightly changes. The direction of the electric field in the IPS is the direction in which the electrodes face each other (the y direction in the figure).
In the electrode structure of (b), since the electrodes 203 and 204 are stacked, in addition to the lateral direction (Y direction in the figure), especially in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface near the edge of the electrode 203 (Z in the figure)
Direction) also has a strong electric field component. As a result, IP
In S, liquid crystal molecules 202 located between electrodes 203 and 204
Is driven, the liquid crystal molecules located above the electrodes are hardly driven, but in the case of FFS, the electrodes 203, 203
The liquid crystal molecules 202 located above the electrode 203 as well as the liquid crystal molecules located therebetween are also driven. Therefore, in the FFS, if the electrode is formed of a transparent conductive film such as indium tin oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as ITO), the electrode portion can also contribute to display, and the IPS under the same conditions can be used. This has the advantage that the aperture ratio can be increased as compared with.

[0009]

As described above, in a reflection type liquid crystal display device, it is desired to achieve both brightness and contrast, and as a means therefor, a multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device has been proposed. Since this multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device drives a plurality of stacked liquid crystal cells independently, the cell gap of each liquid crystal cell must be precisely adjusted in order to drive each liquid crystal cell with good contrast. You need to control. However, FIG.
As shown in (b), since the liquid crystal cells are stacked by arranging two substrates above and below the center substrate, the liquid crystal cells are stacked with the cell gap kept uniform. It is extremely difficult. For example, if the middle substrate is warped, the cell gaps of both liquid crystal cells will vary. Further, the configuration of the stacked GH type liquid crystal display device has a problem that the manufacturing process becomes very complicated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has the same high brightness and high contrast as a multi-layer GH type liquid crystal display device with a simple structure and without complicating the manufacturing process. An object is to provide a liquid crystal display device obtained.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other. A first substrate constituting the pair of substrates, each of which has a common electrode and a pixel electrode, and a liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates; A portion closer to the first substrate is driven by a lateral electric field generated between the common electrode and the pixel electrode on the first substrate, and a portion closer to the second substrate is connected to the common electrode and the pixel electrode on the second substrate. Characterized by being driven by a lateral electric field generated by

The present inventor cannot eliminate the presence of the middle substrate, which is a factor that makes it difficult to uniform the cell gap of each liquid crystal cell and to simplify the manufacturing process in a stacked GH type liquid crystal display device having excellent brightness and contrast. I thought. At this time, they came to think that the middle substrate can be omitted by using a lateral electric field driving type substrate for each of a pair of substrates constituting the liquid crystal display device. That is, when a lateral electric field such as an IPS method is used, the lateral electric field extends to a certain height from the surface of the substrate, so that the lower substrate (corresponding to the first substrate) and the upper substrate (corresponding to the second substrate). If the distance between the substrates and the applied voltage are appropriately adjusted by using a horizontal electric field driving substrate for both of them, the portion of the liquid crystal sandwiched between these substrates that is closer to the upper substrate is connected to the common electrode of the upper substrate. It is driven by the horizontal electric field generated from the pixel electrode, and the portion near the lower substrate is driven by the horizontal electric field generated from the common electrode and the pixel electrode on the lower substrate.

As described above, by employing the configuration of the present invention, a stacked (two-layer) GH type liquid crystal display device capable of independently driving the upper and lower sides of one layer of liquid crystal without using an intermediate substrate. A liquid crystal display device having a display principle similar to that of the above can be realized. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, since there is no middle substrate, it is not necessary to manage the cell gap of each stacked liquid crystal cell, and the manufacturing process is not so complicated.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a reflective layer may be provided on the first substrate side, or a color filter may be provided on one of the first substrate and the second substrate.

The structure of the present invention can be applied to any of a transmission type / reflection type / semi-transmission / reflection type and a monochrome / color liquid crystal display device. However, by providing a reflection layer on the first substrate side, the reflection is provided. A liquid crystal display device can be provided, and a color liquid crystal display device can be provided by providing a color filter on one of the first substrate and the second substrate.

A pair of substrates constituting the liquid crystal display device of the present invention include an IPS system,
Although any of the S-type substrates may be used, it is more preferable to employ the FFS-type electrode arrangement.

When the FFS method is adopted, as described above, the liquid crystal molecules located above the electrodes are also driven.
If the electrode is formed of a transparent conductive film, the electrode portion can also contribute to display, and the aperture ratio can be increased as compared with IPS under the same conditions.

Further, when the FFS method is adopted, if the cell gap is d, the electrode width is w, and the distance between the electrodes is 1,
A configuration in which l / d <1 and l / w <1 is adopted, that is, a configuration in which the inter-electrode distance is smaller than the cell gap and the inter-electrode distance is smaller than the electrode width may be adopted, or l / d = 0 and l /
A configuration in which w = 0 (l = 0), that is, a configuration in which a pixel electrode is formed above a part of a common electrode with an insulating layer interposed therebetween may be employed. In particular, when the latter configuration is adopted, the area of the common electrode can be increased (for example, the common electrode is formed solid), and the following advantages are obtained.

If the pixel electrode on the substrate having the FFS type electrode arrangement is formed of a transparent conductive film and the common electrode is formed of a metal film, the common electrode functions not only as an electrode but also as a reflection layer. Therefore, if both the pixel electrode and the common electrode on the other substrate are formed of a transparent conductive film, a reflection type liquid crystal display device can be realized without adding another reflection layer or an external reflection plate.

Further, if particles such as beads for scattering light are added to the insulating layer interposed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, or if irregularities are formed on the surface, the insulating layer becomes It also functions as a scattering layer. According to this configuration, a reflective liquid crystal display device that is uniformly bright over the entire surface can be realized without newly adding a light scattering layer.

If a color filter is provided between the common electrode and the pixel electrode, it is also possible to provide a structure in which no insulating film is provided between the common electrode and the pixel electrode.
A reflective color liquid crystal display device can be realized.

On the other hand, if all of the pixel electrode and the common electrode on the lower substrate and the pixel electrode and the common electrode on the upper substrate are formed of a transparent conductive film, a transmission type liquid crystal display device can be realized. is there.

When adopting the FFS type electrode arrangement, when liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is used, it is necessary to perform vertical alignment processing on the surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate facing each other. is there.

In this configuration, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules and the dichroic dye molecules are vertically aligned with respect to the substrate surface, so that white display is achieved. In a voltage applied state, in the FFS method (particularly, a structure in which one electrode is laminated with an insulating film via an insulating film), although it is called a horizontal electric field,
Since an electric field almost perpendicular to the substrate surface is generated in the region where the electric field is strong near the edge of the electrode, the action of this electric field causes liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dye molecules having a negative dielectric anisotropy to move with respect to the substrate surface. Orientation in parallel directions. Therefore, if the electrode arrangement is such that an electric field is applied in a direction orthogonal to each other when viewed on a plane on the upper substrate side and the lower substrate side, the liquid crystal molecules and the dichroic dye molecules on the upper substrate side according to the respective electric field directions. The liquid crystal molecules and the dichroic dye molecules on the lower substrate side and the dichroic dye molecules are aligned in directions orthogonal to each other, so that black display is obtained.

On the other hand, when a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used, the first substrate and the second substrate are provided with opposing surfaces.
It is necessary to perform horizontal alignment processing so as to have alignment directions orthogonal to each other in plan view.

In this configuration, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules and the dichroic dye molecules are horizontally aligned with the substrate surface, and the liquid crystal molecules and the dichroic dye molecules on the upper substrate side and the liquid crystal molecules on the lower substrate side are aligned. And the dichroic dye molecules are oriented in directions orthogonal to each other, so that a black display is obtained. When a voltage is applied, as described above, an electric field substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface is generated in a region where the electric field is strong near the edge of the electrode, and the action of the electric field causes the liquid crystal molecules having a positive dielectric anisotropy. And 2
Since the chromatic dye molecules are vertically aligned with respect to the substrate surface, white display is obtained.

According to the structure of the present invention, a middle substrate having electrodes on both sides, which is used in a conventional multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device, becomes unnecessary. However, the inside of the liquid crystal is driven by a lateral electric field generated from each substrate. May be provided to partition two regions of the liquid crystal. According to this configuration, the liquid crystal is separated at the boundary between the two regions, so that the liquid crystal molecules near the boundary between the two regions move more independently, and the contrast can be further improved. However, since this partition is only for separating the liquid crystal, unlike the case of the conventional multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device in which the cell gap of each of the two stacked liquid crystal cells needs to be controlled, each substrate and the partition are separated. There is no need to precisely control the distance.

Instead of the dichroic dye contained in the GH liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a dichroic fluorescent material may be used. According to this configuration, a display corresponding to the color of light emitted from the dichroic fluorescent material used can be performed.

An electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Thus, an electronic device including a high-brightness, high-contrast liquid crystal display portion can be realized.

[0030]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [First Embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is an example of a reflection type TFT color liquid crystal display device. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a configuration of a lower substrate, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a configuration of an upper substrate, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a central portion of one pixel, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. In the present embodiment, both the upper substrate and the lower substrate adopt the FFS type electrode configuration. In all of the following drawings, in order to make the drawings easy to see,
The thickness of each component, the ratio of dimensions, and the like are appropriately varied.

The liquid crystal display of the present embodiment has an upper substrate,
A GH type liquid crystal containing a dichroic dye and having a negative dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between a pair of lower substrates.
As shown in FIG. 1, the lower substrate 1 has a matrix-like configuration in which a plurality of data lines 2 extending in the vertical direction in the figure and a plurality of gate lines 3 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure intersect each other. It is provided in. In the lower left part of each pixel in the figure, the gate line 3 branches toward the inside of the pixel, and the part extending along the gate line 3 becomes the gate electrode 4, and a thin film transistor 5 for pixel switching.
r, hereinafter abbreviated as TFT). Then, a plurality (10 in FIG. 1) extending in the vertical direction in FIG.
The pixel electrode 6 having a comb-like shape having the electrode fingers 6a is provided, and a portion of the pixel electrode 6 that connects the electrode fingers 6a overlaps the gate electrode 4 in plan.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper substrate 7 has a structure in which a plurality of data lines 8 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure and a plurality of gate lines 9 extending in the vertical direction in the figure intersect each other. It is provided in a matrix shape so that In the lower right part of each pixel in the figure, the gate line 9 branches toward the inside of the pixel,
Further, the portion extending along the gate line 9 is the gate electrode 1
0, which constitutes the TFT 11. Then, a comb-shaped pixel electrode 12 having a plurality of (13 in FIG. 2) electrode fingers 12a extending in the horizontal direction in the figure is provided, and a portion connecting the electrode fingers 12a of the pixel electrode 12 is provided. Are planarly overlapped with the gate electrode 10.

As described above, the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7 have a vertical and horizontal positional relationship of 90% for data lines, gate lines, pixel electrodes and the like.
When the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7 are overlapped with each other, the gate line 9 of the upper substrate 7 is placed on the data line 2 of the lower substrate 1 as shown in FIG. The data lines 8 of the upper substrate 7 overlap on the gate lines 3 in plan. A region surrounded by the data lines 2 and 8 and the gate lines 3 and 9 overlapping the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7 constitutes one pixel of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.

Therefore, at the center of the pixel, as shown in FIG. 4, the electrode finger 6a of the pixel electrode 6 on the lower substrate 1 side and the upper substrate 7
The electrode finger 12a of the pixel electrode 12 on the side crosses each other. Looking at the cross-sectional structure of this part, as shown in FIG.
The lower substrate 1 has a common electrode 14 formed on a transparent substrate 13 made of glass or the like. The common electrode 14 is shown in FIGS.
Although not shown in the plan view of FIG. 1, it is formed solid over the entire surface of the substrate. Further, the common electrode 14 is formed of a metal film having a high reflectance such as aluminum or silver, and functions as an electrode and also as a reflection layer in the reflection type liquid crystal display device. Therefore, in this liquid crystal display device, external light enters from the upper substrate 7 side. In addition, an insulating layer 15 made of a translucent material is formed on the common electrode 14, and a pixel electrode 6 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO is formed on the insulating layer 15. Electrode finger 6a extends in a direction penetrating the paper surface).

Then, an alignment film 16 which has been subjected to a vertical alignment process is formed on the entire surface of the substrate so as to cover the pixel electrode 6. As a material of the alignment film 16, polyimide, a surfactant, a coupling agent, a metal complex, or the like can be used. Further, an alignment film including a metal film and a monomolecular film formed on the surface of the metal film by a sulfur compound molecule having a linear structure can also be used. The rubbing process may or may not be performed, but in the case of performing the rubbing process, the rubbing direction is set to the extending direction of the electrode finger 6a of the pixel electrode 6 in order to match the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules fall when a voltage is applied, which will be described later. It is desirable that

On the other hand, the upper substrate 7 has, for example, a colored layer of each color of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) and a light shielding layer (black matrix) on a transparent substrate 17 made of glass or the like. The color filter 18 is formed, and the color filter 1 is formed.
A common electrode 19 is formed on 8. The common electrode 19 is also solidly formed over the entire surface of the substrate similarly to the lower substrate 1, but the lower substrate 1 is formed of a metal film, whereas the upper substrate 7 is formed of a transparent conductive film such as ITO. Is formed. An insulating layer 20 made of a translucent material is formed on the common electrode 19, and a pixel electrode 12 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO is formed on the insulating layer 20 in FIG. The finger 12a extends in the lateral direction). Then, an alignment film 21 having been subjected to a vertical alignment process is formed on the entire surface of the substrate so as to cover the pixel electrode 12. The material of the alignment film 21 may be the same as that of the lower substrate 1.

In the case of this embodiment, the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7
In both cases, the pixel electrodes 6 and 12 are laminated above the common electrodes 14 and 19 via insulating layers 15 and 20, and an FFS type electrode configuration is adopted. Therefore, of the liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7, half of the liquid crystal 22 on the lower substrate 1 side is driven by a horizontal electric field generated between the common electrode 14 and the pixel electrode 6 of the lower substrate 1, and One half is driven by a horizontal electric field generated between the common electrode 19 and the pixel electrode 12 of the upper substrate 7. In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, the driving voltage is 5
V is set. An example of the dimensions of each part in this setting is as follows: the cell gap d is 4.8 to 6.4 μm, and the width w of each of the electrode fingers 6 a and 12 a of the pixel electrodes 6 and 12 is 2 to 4 μm.
m, interval m between the electrode fingers 6a and 12a of the pixel electrodes 6 and 12
Is 3 to 6 μm. However, the distance l between the electrodes described in the section of [Prior Art] is different from the common electrodes 14 and 19 and the pixel electrodes 6 and 6.
Since this corresponds to an interval of 12, 1 = 0 in this example, which satisfies the condition of the FFS method.

Regarding the numerical range of the cell gap d, when the driving voltage is set to 5 V, the lateral electric field E generated on the substrate can drive the liquid crystal molecules only up to a distance of about 3.2 μm from the substrate surface. The distance between the two substrates must be 6.4 μm or less. If the cell gap d exceeds 6.4 μm, a portion that is not driven by either substrate is formed in the center of the liquid crystal 22. On the other hand, if the cell gap d is less than 4.8 μm, sufficient retardation cannot be obtained, resulting in a dark liquid crystal panel. For the above reasons,
In the case of the present embodiment, the value of the cell gap d is set to 4.8 to
It is desirable to set it in the range of 6.4 μm.

Next, the operation of the liquid crystal display device having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG.
In the state where no voltage is applied between the common electrode and the pixel electrode in both the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7, since the vertical alignment processing is performed on the surfaces of both substrates 1 and 7, the liquid crystal molecules 23 and 2 are accordingly accordingly. The chromatic dye molecules 24 are oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface. At this time, since the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 23 and the dichroic dye 24 is parallel to the light incident direction, no light is absorbed and white display is performed in the state where no voltage is applied.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, when a voltage is applied between the common electrode and the pixel electrode on both the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7, a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used. ,
Since an electric field substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface is generated in a region where the electric field is strong near the edge of the pixel electrode, the action of this electric field causes the liquid crystal molecules 23 and the dichroic dye molecules 24 having negative dielectric anisotropy to become Orient in a direction parallel to the plane. At this time, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 23 and the dichroic dye molecules 24 have the electrode fingers 6a and 6a of the pixel electrodes 6 and 12 on the substrates 1 and 7, respectively.
12A is oriented so as to face the extending direction of FIG.
As shown in (b), in the lower half of the liquid crystal, the major axes of the liquid crystal molecules 23 and the dichroic dye molecules 24 are oriented in a direction penetrating the paper surface, and in the upper half, the liquid crystal molecules 23 and the dichroic dye molecules 24 are oriented. Is oriented in a direction parallel to the plane of the paper. In this manner, the liquid crystal molecules 23 and dichroic dye molecules 24 on the upper substrate 7 side and the liquid crystal molecules 23 and dichroic dye molecules 24 on the lower substrate 1 side, as in a conventional multi-layer GH type liquid crystal display device having a middle substrate. Since the dye molecules 24 can be driven independently, and the dichroic dye molecules 24 are oriented in directions perpendicular to each other on the upper substrate 7 side and the lower substrate 1 side, light absorption occurs as a whole of the liquid crystal layer, and Black is displayed in the applied state.

In the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment,
Since a polarizing plate is not used similarly to the conventional multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device, a bright color reflection type liquid crystal display device having a high contrast ratio can be realized. On the other hand,
Unlike the conventional multi-layer GH type liquid crystal display device, since no middle substrate is used, there is no need to manage the cell gap of the individual liquid crystal cells stacked, and the structure is simpler and the manufacturing process is sufficiently simplified as compared with the conventional type. can do.

Further, since a horizontal electric field is used for driving the liquid crystal, the viewing angle can be widened, there is no occurrence of disclination, and no defect such as light leakage occurs. Further, in the case of the present embodiment, the liquid crystal on the pixel electrodes 6 and 12 can be driven because the FFS type electrode configuration is adopted even on the same substrate in the horizontal electric field mode, and the portions of the pixel electrodes 6 and 12 are also used. Because it can contribute to the display,
The aperture ratio can be improved as compared with the case where the IPS method is used. Among the FFS systems, when a stacked structure is used as in the present embodiment, the common electrodes 14 and 19 can be formed in a solid state, and the common electrodes 14 and 19 can be formed of a metal film to form a reflective layer. Therefore, a reflection-type liquid crystal display device can be realized extremely reasonably by utilizing the features of the FFS system.

In the present embodiment, the liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used and the initial alignment is vertical, but a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy may be used. In this case, it is necessary to perform horizontal alignment processing on the surface of each substrate, but the electrode fingers 6a, 6a,
The rubbing process is performed in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the 12a. Then, as shown in FIG. 7A, in a state where no voltage is applied, in the lower half of the liquid crystal 22 corresponding to the rubbing direction, the liquid crystal molecules 23 and the dichroic dye molecules 24 have their major axes parallel to the paper surface. In the upper half, the major axis is oriented so as to pass through the paper. As a result, light absorption occurs in the entire liquid crystal layer, and black display is performed in a state where no voltage is applied.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, when a voltage is applied to both the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7, the liquid crystal molecules 23
And the dichroic dye molecules 24 are arranged along a strong electric field in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface near the edges of the electrode fingers 6a and 12a of the pixel electrodes 6 and 12, so that the major axis thereof stands perpendicular to the substrate surface. Orientation. As a result, since the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 23 and the dichroic dye 24 is parallel to the incident direction of light,
Light is not absorbed, and white display is performed when a voltage is applied. However, when a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used and a horizontal alignment mode is used for the initial alignment, the liquid crystal molecules tend to be slightly unclear when a voltage is applied. , (B) are more preferable.

Regarding the positional relationship of the pixel electrodes between adjacent pixels, the electrode fingers 6a and 12a of the pixel electrodes 6 and 12 on the substrates 1 and 7 are arranged so as to be linearly arranged between the pixels. Alternatively, as shown in an enlarged plan view of FIG. 8, the positions of the electrode fingers 6a and 12a may be different between adjacent pixels C and C ′ (the upper substrate 7 in FIG. 8).
Only the positional relationship between the electrode fingers 12a of the pixel electrode 12 on the side is shown. If the electrode fingers of the pixel electrodes are arranged in a straight line at adjacent pixels, the distance between the tips of the electrode fingers of the adjacent pixels becomes shorter, so that a horizontal electric field is generated even between the electrode fingers straddling these pixels. , May be a cause of disclination. On the other hand, when the electrodes are arranged as shown in FIG. 8, the electrode fingers 12 of the adjacent pixels C and C ′ are arranged.
Since the distance between “a” becomes long, the generation of the lateral electric field between the electrode fingers straddling these pixels is suppressed, and the factor of the occurrence of disclination can be minimized.

[Second Embodiment] Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. The liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is also an example of a reflective TFT color liquid crystal display device as in the first embodiment, and FIG.
FIG. 10 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, in which a central portion of one pixel is enlarged, and FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 of the first embodiment, and is a view corresponding to FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the A 'line. The point that the FFS type electrode configuration is adopted for both the upper substrate and the lower substrate is similar to that of the first embodiment, except that the lower substrate is provided with a color filter and the upper substrate is provided with a scattering layer. Therefore, in FIGS. 9 and 10, the same components as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description of the common portions is omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, solid common electrodes 14 and 19 are formed on transparent substrates 13 and 17 for both lower substrate 1 and upper substrate 2.
The point that the pixel electrodes 6 and 12 are stacked above the common electrodes 14 and 19, and the point that the common electrode 14 on the lower substrate 1 also functions as the reflection layer is the same as in the first embodiment. However, in the first embodiment, the general insulating films 15 and 20 are interposed between the common electrodes 14 and 19 and the pixel electrodes 6 and 12, whereas in the present embodiment, the lower substrate 1
A color filter 18 is interposed between the common electrode 14 and the pixel electrode 6 on the side, and a scattering layer 26 is interposed between the common electrode 19 and the pixel electrode 12 on the upper substrate 7 side. No insulating layer is used.

More specifically, a color filter 18 having R (red), G (green), and B (blue) coloring layers and a light-shielding layer (black matrix) is formed on the common electrode 14 of the lower substrate 1. The pixel electrode 6 is formed thereon. on the other hand,
On the common electrode 19 of the upper substrate 7, a scattering layer 26 made of a resin in which beads having different refractive indices are dispersed in a resin such as acryl or a resin having fine irregularities formed on the surface is formed. The pixel electrode 12 is formed. The color filter 18 and the scattering layer 26 serve as the common electrode 14,
Needless to say, it has the function of an insulating film that insulates between the pixel electrode 19 and the pixel electrodes 6 and 12. Other detailed configuration is the first
This is the same as the embodiment.

In the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment,
In addition to the same effects as those of the first embodiment, since the color filter 18 is formed directly on the common electrode 14 of the lower substrate 1 functioning as a reflection layer, the reflection type has little parallax and little color blur. A color liquid crystal display device can be realized. In addition, since the scattering layer 26 is provided on the upper substrate 7, the reflected light is scattered here, and a bright display screen can be obtained uniformly over the entire surface. Moreover, since the color filter 18 and the scattering layer 26 are provided instead of the insulating film, the structure is simple and the manufacturing process can be simplified.

[Third Embodiment] Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. FIG. The liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is also similar to the first embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a view corresponding to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, and is an enlarged plan view of a central portion of one pixel, and FIG. 12 is a view of the first embodiment. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG. 11 corresponding to FIG. The point that the FFS type electrode configuration is adopted for both the upper substrate and the lower substrate is similar to that of the first embodiment, except that a scattering layer is provided on the lower substrate and a color filter is provided on the upper substrate. Therefore, in FIGS. 11 and 12, the same components as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description of the common portions is omitted.

In the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment, the color filter 18 is formed on the lower substrate 1 and the scattering layer 26 is formed on the upper substrate 7. On the other hand, in the case of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment, the scattering layer 26 is formed on the common electrode 14 of the lower substrate 1 and the pixel electrode 6 is formed on the scattering layer 26, as shown in FIG. I have. The color filter 18 is formed on the common electrode 19 of the upper substrate 7, and the pixel electrode 12 is formed on the color filter 18.

In the liquid crystal display of this embodiment,
Since the scattering layer 26 is provided, a uniformly bright display screen can be obtained over the entire surface, the structure is simple because no insulating film is used, and the manufacturing process can be simplified. The effect can be obtained.

[Fourth Embodiment] Hereinafter, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. While the first to third embodiments are examples of the reflection type liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is different from the transmission type TF type.
It is an example of a T color liquid crystal display device. FIG. 13 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, and is a plan view in which the central portion of one pixel is enlarged, and FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 5 of the first embodiment. FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. 13. As in the first embodiment, both the upper substrate and the lower substrate employ an FFS type electrode configuration. 13 and 14, the same components as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description of the common portions will be omitted.

The configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. That is, on the lower substrate 1 side, a common electrode 28 is formed on the transparent substrate 13, and a color filter 18 having R, G, and B colored layers and a light shielding layer is formed on the common electrode 28, and the color filter 18 is formed. The pixel electrode 6 is formed thereon. On the other hand, on the upper substrate 7 side, a common electrode 19 is formed on a transparent substrate 17. On the common electrode 19, for example, a resin in which bead-like particles having different refractive indices are dispersed in a resin or a resin in which fine irregularities are formed on the surface. Is formed, and the pixel electrode 12 is formed on the scattering layer 26.

However, in the second embodiment, the lower substrate 1
The common electrode 14 on the side is formed of a metal film such as aluminum, and the common electrode 14 also serves as a reflective layer.
In the present embodiment, the common electrode 28 on the lower substrate 1 side is formed of a transparent conductive film such as ITO. Therefore, in the case of this embodiment, all the electrodes of the common electrode 28 and the pixel electrode 6 of the lower substrate 1, the common electrode 19 of the upper substrate 7, and the pixel electrode 12 are I
It is formed of a transparent conductive film such as TO. Thus, the liquid crystal cell is of a transmissive type, and a backlight 29 is disposed on the outer surface of the lower substrate 1.

In the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment,
A transmissive color liquid crystal display device which is bright and has a high contrast ratio can be realized. In addition, since the scattering layer 26 is provided on the upper substrate 7, the reflected light is scattered here, and a bright display screen can be obtained uniformly over the entire surface. Moreover,
Since the color filter 18 and the scattering layer 26 are provided instead of the insulating film, the structure is simple and the manufacturing process can be simplified.

[Fifth Embodiment] Hereinafter, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. While the liquid crystal display devices according to the first to fourth embodiments employ an FFS type electrode configuration, the present embodiment employs a transmission type color liquid crystal display device employing an IPS type electrode configuration. An example will be described. 15 is a plan view showing the structure of the lower substrate, FIG. 16 is a plan view showing the structure of the upper substrate, FIG. 17 is a plan view showing the structure of the lower substrate and the upper substrate together, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the line. In the present embodiment, both the upper substrate and the lower substrate employ an IPS type electrode configuration.

The liquid crystal display of this embodiment has an upper substrate,
Containing a dichroic dye between a pair of substrates consisting of a lower substrate,
A GH type liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched. As shown in FIG. 15, the lower substrate 1 has a matrix-like configuration in which a plurality of data lines 2 extending in the vertical direction in the figure and a plurality of gate lines 3 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure intersect with each other. It is provided in. In the lower left part of each pixel in the figure, the gate line 3 branches toward the inside of the pixel, and the part extending along the gate line 3 becomes the gate electrode 4 to constitute a pixel switching TFT 5. A pixel electrode 31 having two electrode fingers 31a extending in the vertical direction is provided at the right end and the left end of the pixel, and the electrode fingers 31a of the pixel electrode 31 are provided.
A portion connecting the portions overlaps the gate electrode 3 in a plane. On the other hand, a common electrode 32 having one electrode finger 32a extending in the vertical direction is provided at the center of the pixel.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 16, the upper substrate 7 has a structure in which a plurality of data lines 8 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure and a plurality of gate lines 9 extending in the vertical direction in the figure intersect each other. It is provided in a matrix shape so that In the lower right part of each pixel in the figure, a gate line 9 branches toward the inside of the pixel, and a part extending along the gate line 9 becomes a gate electrode 10 to constitute a TFT 11. Then, two electrode fingers 33a extending laterally at the upper end and the lower end of the pixel
Is provided, and a portion connecting the electrode fingers 33 a of the pixel electrode 33 overlaps the gate electrode 10 in plan view. On the other hand, a common electrode 34 having one electrode finger 34a extending in the lateral direction is provided at the center of the pixel.

As described above, the data lines 2 and 8, the gate lines 3 and 9, the pixel electrodes 31 and 33,
The vertical and horizontal positional relationship of the common electrodes 32, 34 and the like is rotated by 90 °, and when the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7 are superimposed,
As shown in FIG. 17, the gate line 9 of the upper substrate 7 overlaps the data line 2 of the lower substrate 1 and the data line 8 of the upper substrate 7 overlaps the gate line 3 of the lower substrate 1 in a plane. . Then, these data lines 2, which overlap with the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7,
A region surrounded by 8 and gate lines 3 and 9 constitutes one pixel of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.

Looking at the sectional structure of the pixel portion, as shown in FIG. 18, the lower substrate 1 is made of a transparent substrate 13 made of glass or the like.
A common electrode 32 and a pixel electrode 31 formed of the same layer are formed thereon. These common electrode 32 and pixel electrode 31 are formed of a transparent conductive film such as ITO. Then, an alignment film 16 on which vertical alignment processing is performed is formed on the entire surface of the substrate so as to cover the common electrode 32 and the pixel electrode 31. The material of the alignment film 16 and the rubbing treatment may be the same as in the first embodiment.

On the other hand, the upper substrate 7 has a color filter 18 formed on a transparent substrate 17 made of glass or the like, and a common electrode 34 made of the same layer on the color filter.
And a pixel electrode 33 (only the common electrode 34 is shown in FIG. 18). These common electrodes 34
The pixel electrode 33 is also formed of a transparent conductive film such as ITO, similarly to the lower substrate 1 side. Then, an alignment film 21 having been subjected to a vertical alignment process is formed on the entire surface of the substrate so as to cover the common electrode 34 and the pixel electrode 33. The material of the alignment film 21 may be the same as that of the lower substrate 1.

In the case of the present embodiment, the common electrodes 32 and 34
And the pixel electrodes 31 and 33 are arranged side by side, and the pixel size is on the order of 100 μm and the cell gap is about several μm. Therefore, as shown in FIG. It is sufficiently large with respect to the gap d and the electrode width w, and satisfies the conditions for the IPS type electrode configuration. In the case of the IPS, similarly to the case of the FFS of the above-described embodiment, the half of the liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 7 on the lower substrate 1 side has a common electrode 32 and a pixel electrode 31 of the lower substrate 1. Are driven by the lateral electric field E generated in the upper substrate 7, and the half of the upper substrate 7 side is connected to the common electrode 34 and the pixel electrode 3
3 is driven by the horizontal electric field E generated. Therefore, also in the case of the present embodiment, the operation of the liquid crystal display device is the same as that described in the first embodiment. That is, white display is performed when no voltage is applied, and black display is performed when a voltage is applied.

In the liquid crystal display of this embodiment,
A bright and high contrast ratio liquid crystal display device can be realized because no polarizing plate is used. Since a middle substrate is not required, the structure is simpler and the manufacturing process is simpler than that of a conventional multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device. Since the lateral electric field is used for driving, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained such that the viewing angle can be widened and the occurrence of disclination can be suppressed.

[Electronic Apparatus] An example of an electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal display device of the above embodiment will be described. FIG.
It is the perspective view which showed an example of the mobile telephone. In FIG. 19, reference numeral 1000 indicates a mobile phone main body, and reference numeral 1001
Denotes a liquid crystal display unit using the above liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing an example of a wristwatch-type electronic device. 20, reference numeral 1100 denotes a watch main body, and reference numeral 1101 denotes a liquid crystal display unit using the above-described liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing an example of a portable information processing device such as a word processor or a personal computer. In FIG. 21, reference numeral 1200 denotes an information processing device, reference numeral 1202 denotes an input unit such as a keyboard, reference numeral 1204 denotes an information processing device main body, and reference numeral 1206 denotes a liquid crystal display unit using the above liquid crystal display device.

Since the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 19 to 21 include the liquid crystal display portion using the liquid crystal display device of the above embodiment, the electronic devices provided with the display portion having a bright screen and a high contrast ratio are provided. Can be realized.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example of a reflective color liquid crystal display device or a transmissive color liquid crystal display device has been described. However, the present invention is applicable to black and white / color, reflective / transmissive / semi-transmissive reflective types Is possible. That is, it is not always necessary to provide a color filter as in the above embodiment. For example, a hole for transmitting light from a backlight is formed in the common electrode used as the reflective layer in the above embodiment. And a transflective liquid crystal display device.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which the common electrode also serves as the reflection layer has been described as an example of the reflection type. However, the invention is not limited to this configuration. It may be. Furthermore, as the FFS type electrode configuration, not only a configuration in which a pixel electrode is stacked on a common electrode via an insulating film, but also a configuration in which the distance between the electrodes is made smaller than the cell gap using the same layer configuration as the IPS is adopted. May be. Further, according to the configuration of the present invention, the middle substrate in the conventional multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device becomes unnecessary, but a partition for dividing two regions of the liquid crystal driven by a lateral electric field from each substrate is provided inside the liquid crystal. You may do so. Further, a dichroic fluorescent material may be used instead of the dichroic dye contained in the liquid crystal. The specific description of the shape, dimensions, and the like of each component such as the pixel electrode, the common electrode, the data line, and the gate line is not limited to the example of the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed in design.

[0071]

As described above in detail, according to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, since a polarizing plate is not required, a bright liquid crystal display device having a high contrast ratio can be realized. In addition, unlike the conventional multi-layer GH type liquid crystal display device, since the middle substrate is not used, there is no need to manage the cell gap of each stacked liquid crystal cell, and the structure is simplified as compared with the conventional one, and the manufacturing process is simplified. Can also be simplified. Further, since the lateral electric field is used for driving the liquid crystal, the viewing angle can be widened, there is no occurrence of disclination, and no defect such as light leakage occurs. In particular, when the FFS type electrode configuration is employed, the liquid crystal on the pixel electrode can be driven, and the aperture ratio can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of a lower substrate in a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a configuration of an upper substrate in the same liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the configuration of a lower substrate and an upper substrate together.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a central portion of one pixel.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display device (when liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy is used).

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display device (when liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used).

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a modification of the arrangement of the pixel electrodes.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged plan view of a central portion of one pixel in a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged plan view of a central portion of one pixel in a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line A-A ′ in FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged plan view of a central portion of one pixel in a liquid crystal display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

14 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A 'in FIG.

FIG. 15 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of a lower substrate in a liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a configuration of an upper substrate in the liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 17 is a plan view showing the configuration of the lower substrate and the upper substrate together.

18 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A 'in FIG.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an electronic device including the liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating another example of the electronic device.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing still another example of the electronic apparatus.

FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the operation of a conventional multilayer GH type liquid crystal display device (when a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy is used).

FIG. 23 is a lateral electric field mode liquid crystal display device ((a) IP
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the S method and (b) FFS method).

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 lower substrate (first substrate) 6, 12, 31, 33 pixel electrode 7 upper substrate (second substrate) 14, 19, 28, 32, 34 common electrode 18 color filter 22 liquid crystal 23 liquid crystal molecule 24 dichroism Dye molecule 26 scattering layer

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2H091 FA02Y FA08X FA08Z FA14Z FA16Z HA08 LA17 2H092 GA14 NA01 PA08 PA11 PA12 QA08 5C094 AA06 AA10 BA03 BA43 CA19 CA24 DA13 EA04 EA05 EA06 EA07 EB02 ED03

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of substrates facing each other, wherein the liquid crystal contains a dichroic dye, the first substrate constituting the pair of substrates, Each of the two substrates has a common electrode and a pixel electrode, and of the liquid crystal sandwiched between the pair of substrates, a portion closer to the first substrate has a common electrode and a pixel on the first substrate. A liquid crystal, which is driven by a horizontal electric field generated by the electrodes and a portion near the second substrate is driven by a horizontal electric field generated by a common electrode and a pixel electrode on the second substrate. Display device. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a reflection layer is provided on the first substrate. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a color filter is provided on one of the first substrate and the second substrate. 4. A fringe field switching type electrode arrangement is adopted for at least one of the pair of substrates.
3. The liquid crystal display device according to 1. 5. The substrate having the electrode arrangement of the fringe field switching system, comprising a common electrode and a pixel electrode formed above a part of the common electrode via an insulating layer. Item 5. A liquid crystal display device according to item 4. 6. A substrate having an electrode arrangement of the fringe field switching method is used as a first substrate, and the pixel electrode on the first substrate is formed of a transparent conductive film, and That the common electrode also functions as a reflective layer by being formed of a metal film, and that the pixel electrode and the common electrode on the second substrate are both formed of a transparent conductive film. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein: 7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the insulating layer also functions as a light scattering layer. 8. Between the common electrode and the pixel electrode,
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising a color filter. 9. The pixel electrode and the common electrode on the first substrate are formed of a transparent conductive film, and the pixel electrode and the common electrode on the second substrate are formed of a transparent conductive film. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 10. The liquid crystal has a negative dielectric anisotropy, and the first substrate and the second substrate are subjected to a vertical alignment process on mutually facing surfaces, and the first substrate and the second substrate are subjected to a vertical alignment process. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the directions of the lateral electric fields generated in the respective substrates are orthogonal to each other in a plan view. 11. The liquid crystal has a positive dielectric anisotropy, and the first substrate and the second substrate have a surface facing each other,
The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein horizontal alignment processing is performed so as to have alignment directions orthogonal to each other when viewed in a plan view. 12. The first substrate inside the liquid crystal,
12. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a partition for partitioning two regions of the liquid crystal driven by a lateral electric field generated from each of the second substrates. . 13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a dichroic fluorescent material is used in place of the dichroic dye. 14. An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. Description: