JP2002175681A - Information storage medium and its information recording and reproducing device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information storage medium having a data structure which spuriously corresponds the recording and erasing places on the information storage medium to the places on a piece of tape including a VTR and an information recording and reproducing device. SOLUTION: A video file having at least video information is recorded on the information storage medium which is recorded with the information in file units and makes the information recorded in the files readable by a reproduction operation and just one piece of the video file is recorded on the information medium storage medium.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an information storage medium and an information recording / reproducing apparatus and method. The present invention
The present invention also relates to an improvement in a data structure when recording video information in an information storage medium capable of recording video information in the form of digital information and reproducing digital information to extract the video information. It is also an improvement of an information storage medium having this improved data structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a system for reproducing an optical disk on which video (moving image), audio, and the like are recorded has been developed, and reproduces movie software, karaoke, and the like, such as an LD (laser disk) or a video CD (video compact disk). Popular for purposes.

[0003] Among them, an international standardized MPEG2 (Moving Picture Expert Group) system is used, and AC-3 (Digital Audio Compression) is used.
A DVD (digital versatile disk) standard employing another audio compression method has been proposed. This DV
The D standard includes a read-only DVD video (or DVD-R
OM), write-once DVD-R, and DVD-RAM (or DVD-RW) that can be repeatedly read and written.

The standard of DVD video (DVD-ROM) conforms to the MPEG2 system layer, and MPEG-2 is used as a moving image compression system and linear PC is used as an audio recording system.
It supports AC-3 audio and MPEG audio in addition to M. Further, this DVD video standard is configured by adding sub-picture data obtained by run-length-compressing bitmap data for subtitles, and control data (navigation data) for playback control such as fast-forward / rewind data search. The standard also states that
IS so that data can be read by computer
It also supports O9660 and UDF bridge formats.

At present, an optical disk used for DVD video (DVD-ROM) is a single-sided, 12 cm
The disk has a storage capacity of about 4.7 GB (gigabytes). The two layers on one side have a storage capacity of about 9.5 GB, and the two layers on both sides enable a large capacity recording of about 18 GB (when a laser having a wavelength of 650 nm is used for reading).

On the other hand, an optical disk used for a DVD-RAM (DVD-RW) is a 12 cm disk having a storage capacity of about 2.6 GB (gigabyte) on one side and a capacity of 5.2 GB on both sides at present. There is. A DVD-RAM optical disk currently in practical use has a smaller storage capacity than a DVD-ROM disk of a corresponding size.

A DVD video (DVD-RO) for reproduction only
FIG. 37 shows a directory structure of information (data file) recorded on the information storage medium in M). Similar to the hierarchical file structure employed by a general-purpose operating system of a computer, a subdirectory of a video title set VTS and a subdirectory of an audio title set ATS are connected under a root directory. Then, in the sub-directory of the video title set VTS, various video files (VMGI,
VMGM, VTSI, VTSM, VTS, etc. files)
Are arranged so that each file is managed in an orderly manner. A specific file (for example, a specific VTS)
Can be accessed by specifying the path from the root directory to the file.

That is, the root directory of the DVD video disc includes a subdirectory called a video title set (VTS). This subdirectory contains various management data files (VIDEO_TS.IFO,
VTS_01_0. IFO) and backup files (VIDEO_TS.BUP, VTS_01_0.BU) for backing up information of these management data files.
P) and a description of the management data file, and is a video data file (VTS_01_1.VO) for storing digital video information.
B).

The subdirectory stores a menu data file (VMG) for storing predetermined menu information.
M, VTSM).

[0010] A DVD video disc has one video
It comprises a manager (VMG) and at least one, up to 99 video title sets (VTS). The video manager (VMG) controls the control data (V
MGI), VOBS for VMG menu (VMGM_VO
BS) and backup control data (VMGI_BU)
P), and each data is individually recorded as a single file on the information storage medium.

As shown in FIG. 37, each video title set [in FIG. 37, "video title set (VTS) # 1" and "video title set (VTS) # 2") in the DVD video disc. It is necessary to record each file separately. In the same video title set [eg, "video title set (VTS) # 1"], control data (VTS
I), VTS menu VOBS (VTSM_VOB)
S) and backup control data (VMGI_BU)
P) is recorded as a separate file, and the title video data (VTS_01_1.VOB and VT) in the VTS are recorded.
S_01_2. VOB) is recorded in a plurality of files.

A DVD-RAM disk employs a UDF (Universal Disk Format) instead of a FAT (File Allocation Table) as a file system. A detailed description of the UDF will be described later. UDF enables a hierarchical structure of files as in FAT, and records data on an information storage medium in file units.
Conventionally, both UDF and FAT are filled with data to be recorded in a file, and there is no "unrecorded area" in the same file as in the present invention.

The above contents will be described in detail with reference to an example. For example, when a sentence is created using word processor software (Ichitaro, Word, Amipro, etc.) that runs on a PC, the created sentence is recorded on the information storage medium as one file. The entire file is filled with text information. Even if a "space area" or "continuous enter mark portion" where no text is written continues for a long time in the middle part of the created text, the "space information" or "enter Information "is packed, and there is no" completely unrecorded area "in the file.

When the user reads the document file and saves the data after deleting the central part of the sentence, the saved information is deleted by the user without defining an “unrecorded area”. The data before and after the part is recorded on the information storage medium as a file in a state where the data is packed and connected. As a result, the file size of the file recorded on the information storage medium is reduced by the data amount of the part deleted by the user.

In application software that runs on a general PC, a file read from an information storage medium for editing is transferred as it is to a buffer memory (semiconductor memory) on the PC, and the edited data is temporarily stored. Is stored in a buffer memory (semiconductor memory) on a PC. When the user instructs "Save File", P
The edited data stored in the buffer memory (semiconductor memory) on C is overwritten on the information storage medium as an entire file. Thus, conventional FAT and UDF
In a file system such as this, when changing file data, all data in the file is changed at once by overwriting, and data change of only a part of the file is not performed as in the present invention.

FIG. 38 shows an example of reproducing video information using a PGC (program chain) on a DVD video disk.
(A) and (b) show. As shown in FIG. 38A, reproduction data is specified as a cell in a reproduction section from cell A to cell F, and PGC information is defined in each PGC as shown in FIG. 38B.

1. PGC # 1 shows an example composed of cells specifying continuous playback sections, and the playback order is cell A → cell B → cell C.

2. PGC # 2 shows an example composed of cells that specify an intermittent reproduction section, and the reproduction order is cell D → cell E → cell F.

3. PGC # 3 shows an example in which playback can be performed intermittently irrespective of the playback direction or overlap playback, and the playback order is cell E → cell A → cell D → cell B → cell E.

In this way, a plurality of different PGCs can be defined to indicate different display orders for the same cell. Further, in the case of a DVD video disk, not all cell information is necessarily displayed by one PGC due to the degree of freedom of PGC setting.

[0021]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A DVD for reproduction only
The data structure of the video information recorded on the video disc has been described. D as a form of DVD family
Development of an information storage medium capable of recording and reproducing video information using a VD-RAM disk or a DVD-RW disk is currently in progress.

The video information recording format on the recordable / reproducible information storage medium is desired to have continuity and association with the data structure of the DVD video disc. DVD-R
A file system for an AM disk or a DVD-RW disk employs UDF as in a read-only DVD video disk. The data structure of a DVD video disc is used as it is as a data structure in a recordable (recordable) information storage medium, and a conventional UDF (or FA) as described above is used as a file system.
When T) is used, Since the control data and the video data are recorded in a plurality of files in a distributed manner, if one file is deleted by mistake, an error point can be recognized only when the deleted file is reproduced during reproduction. That is, there is no danger of the user erasing a file in a read-only DVD video disk, but there is a danger of a user erroneously erasing a file in a recordable / erasable information storage medium.

2. The control data and video data are recorded in multiple files in a distributed manner, and the data structure has the same hierarchical structure as the computer data. It is hard to understand. That is, a general home user who has only known a VTR as a medium on which a video can be recorded has a question of "where on a single tape is the location where the video was recorded or erased," If the result of the recording / erasing process is displayed as it is to the user, the user is confused.

As shown in FIG. 37, on a DVD video disc, a plurality of video title sets (VTS # 1 and VTS # 2 in FIG. 37) are recorded because they are recorded in separate files for each video title set. When the information is recorded on the information storage medium, the user who knows only the VTR does not know in what order to reproduce.

3. In a method of allowing a general home user to select a specific cell corresponding to PGC for recorded information,
Some users are confused. That is to say, for a general home user who has only known VTRs as a medium on which a video can be recorded, the idea that the location where the video was recorded or erased is "where on a single tape" comes first. Some users find it difficult to understand the concept of cell selection by PGC in a read-only DVD video disc.

4. Since there is no unrecorded area in the data file recorded by the conventional UDF or FAT, when partial erasure processing of specific data in the file or additional recording processing of slight video information is performed, data before and after the partial erasure location It is necessary to change the size of the entire data file each time, such as by joining together and adding information to the end of existing data, and to record the entire changed data file on the information storage medium. Very time consuming.

In the conventional UDF or FAT, there is no unrecorded area in the file. Therefore, (a) changing the erasure location when data in the file is partially erased to an unrecorded area,
(B) Additional data cannot be recorded in an unrecorded area in a file without changing the overall file size, and the file size must be changed every time partial deletion or data addition is performed.

As a result, it is necessary to re-record the entire file on the information storage medium. In the case of a video file in which video information is recorded, the size of one video file is a huge amount exceeding several hundred megabytes. If a very large file exceeding several hundred megabytes is re-recorded on the information storage medium every time a slight change is made, there is a problem that it takes an enormous amount of time to change the file contents.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a user interface which can be easily understood by ordinary household users who have only known VTRs as a medium on which images can be recorded. It is another object of the present invention to provide an information storage medium having a data structure in which an erasure location corresponds to a location on a single tape such as a VTR, and an information recording method and an information recording / reproducing apparatus.

[0030]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, in an information recording method in which an information recording / reproducing unit accesses an information storage medium to record information on the information storage medium, A video file or audio file including video data or audio data constituting at least one program is defined; a management file including video management information for managing the video data is defined; An audio file and file management information for managing the management file are defined, and the information recording method facilitates handling of the file management information when the video data or the audio data is modified. Recording of the video file or audio file Securing the area of a predetermined size including the unrecorded area as a band, to the file management information, characterized by recording the entry information for the video file or audio file.

[0031]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, a data structure of video information recorded in an information storage medium of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an external view of an information storage medium of the present invention.
(A). FIG. 1 shows a schematic data structure of information recorded on an information storage medium (optical disc 1001).
As shown in (b), in order from the inner side 1006, a lead-in area 1002, volume & file manager information 1003, and a data area 1004
And a lead-out area 1005.

The lead-in area 1002 has an embossed data zone in which the light reflection surface has an uneven shape, a mirror zone in which the surface is flat (mirror surface), and a rewritable data zone in which information can be rewritten.

In the volume & file manager information 1003, information on a file of audio & video data or the entire volume is recorded in a rewritable data zone which can be recorded and rewritten by a user.

The data area 1004 has a rewritable data zone that can be recorded and rewritten by the user. The lead-out area 1005 is composed of a rewritable data zone in which information can be rewritten.

In the embossed data zone of the lead-in area 1002, information indicating a disk type such as a DVD-ROM / -RAM / -R, a disk size, a recording density, etc., and a physical sector indicating a recording start / recording end position. Information on the entire information storage medium such as a number, information on recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics such as recording power and recording pulse width, erasing power, reproducing power, and linear velocity at the time of recording / erasing; And information on the manufacture of the information storage medium.

The rewritable data zone of the lead-in area 1002 and the rewritable data zone of the lead-out area 1005 respectively have a unique disk name recording area for each information storage medium, a test recording area (for confirming recording and erasing conditions), and , A management information recording area relating to a defective area in the data area 1004, and recording by the information recording / reproducing apparatus is possible in the area.

Data area 1004 sandwiched between lead-in area 1002 and lead-out area 1005
As shown in FIG. 1 (c), mixed recording of computer data and audio & video data is possible. The recording order of the computer data and the audio & video data and the size of each recording information are arbitrary. The places where the computer data is recorded are called computer data areas 1008 and 1010, and the area where the audio & video data is recorded is the audio & video area. It is named video data area 1009.

Audio & Video Data Area 1009
As shown in FIG. 1 (d), the data structure of the information recorded therein is control information 1011 which is control information necessary for performing each processing of recording (recording), reproduction, editing, and retrieval, and video data contents ( A video object 1012, which is recording information of a content, a picture object 1013, which is information such as a still image such as a still image or a slide, or a thumbnail (thumbnail picture) for searching or editing a desired place in video data, and an audio data content. It is composed of an audio object 1014 which is recording information of (content).

Further, control information 1
As shown in FIG. 1 (e), the content of 011 manages the data structure in the video object 1012, and the AV data control information 1101 is management information of information on a recording position on the optical disc 1001 as an information storage medium. And playback control information 1021 which is control information necessary for reproduction.
And recording control information 1022, which is control information necessary for recording (video recording).
And edit control information 1023, which is control information necessary at the time of editing, and thumbnail picture control information 1024, which is management information relating to a thumbnail (thumbnail picture) for searching or editing a desired place in video data. ing.

The data structure of the AV data control information 1101 shown in FIG. 1E has PGC control information 1101, which is information relating to a video information reproduction program (sequence).
3 and cell time control information 1104 which is information on the data structure of the video information basic unit.
And so on.

Although the contents up to FIG. 1 (f) are outlined above, a few supplementary explanations are given below for each piece of information. The volume & file manager information 1003 records information on the entire volume, information on the number of PC data files included, the number of files on AV data, recording layer information, and the like. In particular, as recording layer information, the number of constituent layers (eg, one RAM / ROM two-layer disc is counted as two layers, one ROM two-layer disc is counted as two layers, and one single-sided disk is counted as n layers), and assigned to each layer. Logical sector number range table (capacity for each layer), characteristics for each layer (example: DVD-RA
M disk, RAM section of RAM / ROM dual layer disk,
CD-ROM, CD-R, etc.), RAM for each layer
Logical sector number range table for each zone in the area (including rewritable area capacity information for each layer), unique ID information for each layer (to find a disk change in a multiple disk pack), etc. Is recorded,
Consecutive logical sector numbers are set for multiple disk packs and RAM / ROM double-layer disks so that they can be handled as one large volume space.

Playback control info 102
1, information relating to a playback sequence integrating PGCs, information indicating a pseudo recording position when the information storage medium is regarded as a single tape such as a VTR or DVC (related to the above, Sequence for continuous playback), information on simultaneous playback of multiple screens having different video information, search information (cell ID corresponding to each search category)
And a table of the start time in the cell are recorded, and information for enabling the user to directly access the video information by selecting a category is recorded.

The recording control information 1022 records program reservation recording information and the like. Further, the edit control information 1023 includes special editing information for each PGC unit (the corresponding time setting information and the special editing content are described as EDL information), file conversion information (a specific part in the AV file is stored on a PC such as an AVI file, etc.). The file is converted into a file that can be specially edited, and the location where the converted file is stored is specified).

FIG. 2 shows a directory structure having only one video file in one information storage medium according to the present invention.
Shown in The recording / reproducing video data itself of the video object 1012 shown in FIG. 1 is RWVIDEO_OB in FIG.
JECT. It is recorded in the only video file with the file name VOB.

Control information 1 in FIG.
011 is the file name RW of FIG.
VIDEO_CONTROL. RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO and its backup file, RWVIDEO_CONTROL. B
It is recorded in UP. Picture object 1 in FIG.
013 information is divided into still image data and thumbnail image data, and is divided into RWPICTURE_OBLEC of FIG.
T. POB and RWTHUMMBNAIL_OBJECT.
Each is recorded in a POB file. The audio object 1014 in FIG. 1 is RWUDIO_OB
JECT. It is recorded in a file named AOB.

Each file related to the DVD video disc as shown in FIG. 37 is not shown, but is recorded under the subdirectory of the video title set VIDEO_TS in FIG. 2 and is RWVIDEO_CONTROL.
L. R according to the information of the IFO (recording / playback video management data)
WVIDEO_OBJECT. A link to a VOB (recording / playback video data) is provided, and seamless continuous reproduction between the two is possible.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, in which video data, still image data, thumbnail data, and audio data are all one file (RWOBJEC).
T. OB). In FIG. 3, all data for recording and reproduction are recorded in one file, but recording / reproduction video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL) in which management information such as a reproduction procedure is recorded.
L. IFO) is recorded as a separate file.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a further embodiment of the present invention. Compared to FIG. 3, all files including management data are included in one file (rewritable audio / video file RWA).
VFILE. DAT). Also, in this case, this file is not located under a specific subdirectory, but rather immediately below the root directory.

Next, referring to FIG. 5, the video object (V
OB) and the relationship between cells (Cell) will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, each cell 84 is composed of one or more video object units (VOBU) 85. And
Each video object unit 85 includes a video pack (V pack) 8 starting with a VOBU head pack 86.
8, a sub-picture pack (SP pack) 90 and an audio pack (A pack) 91 as a set (pack sequence). That is, the video object unit VOBU 85 is defined as a set of all the packs recorded from one navigation pack 86 to immediately before the next navigation pack 86.

These packs are the minimum units when performing data transfer processing. The minimum unit for performing the logical processing is a cell unit, and the logical processing is performed in the cell unit.

The video object unit VOBU
The playback time of video object unit VOB is 85
This corresponds to the playback time of video data composed of one or more video groups (group of pictures; GOP for short) included in U85, and the playback time is 0.4 seconds to 1.2 seconds.
It is set within the range of seconds. One GOP is usually about 0.5 seconds in the MPEG standard, and is screen data compressed so as to reproduce about 15 images during that time.

Video object unit VOBU85
Contains video data, a GOP (conforming to the MPEG standard) composed of a video pack 88, a sub-picture pack 90 and an audio pack 91 is arranged to form a video data stream. However, irrespective of the number of GOPs, the video object unit VOBU85 is determined based on the playback time of the GOP, and the head of the video object unit VOBU85 is always at the head as shown in FIG.
Are arranged.

It should be noted that even in the case of reproduction data of only audio and / or sub-picture data, the reproduction data is constituted with the video object unit VOBU 85 as one unit. For example, when the video object unit VOBU85 is composed of only the audio pack 91 with the VOBU head pack 86 as the head, the video object unit VOB to which the audio data belongs, as in the case of the video object VOB83 of the video data.
The audio pack 91 to be reproduced within the reproduction time of the OBU 85 is the video object unit VOBU.
85.

By the way, in an information recording / reproducing apparatus capable of recording a video title set VTS including a video object set VOBS 82 having a structure as shown in FIG. 5 on an information storage medium, there are cases where it is desired to edit the recorded contents after recording the VTS. To answer this request, each VOBU85
, A dummy pack 89 can be inserted as needed. The dummy pack 89 can be used when recording editing data later.

As shown in FIG. 5, a video object set (VTSTT_VOBS) 82 is defined as a set of one or more video objects (VOB) 83. The video objects VOB 83 in the video object set VOBS 82 are used for the same purpose.

The menu VOBS 82 is usually composed of one VOB 83, which stores a plurality of menu screen display data. On the other hand, the VOBS 82 for the title set is usually composed of a plurality of VOBs 83.

Here, VOBs constituting the title set video object set VTSTT_VOBS 82
83 can be considered to correspond to video data of performances of a certain rock band, taking a concert video of the band as an example. In this case, by designating the VOB 83, for example, the third piece of the concert performance music of the band can be reproduced.

The VOB 83 constituting the menu video object set VTSM_VOBS stores menu data of all the concert performances of the band.
For example, an encore performance song can be reproduced.

In a normal video program, one VOBS 83 can constitute one VOBS 82. In this case, one video stream is one VO
It will be completed in B83.

On the other hand, for example, in an animation collection of a plurality of stories or an omnibus movie, one VO
A plurality of video streams (a plurality of program chains PGC) can be provided in the BS 82 corresponding to each story. In this case, each video stream is stored in the corresponding VOB 83. At that time, the audio stream and the sub-picture stream related to each video stream are also completed in each VOB 83.

The VOB 83 has an identification number (IDN # i;
i = 0 to i), and the VO
B83 can be specified. The VOB 83 includes one or a plurality of cells 84. Although a normal video stream is composed of a plurality of cells, a video stream for a menu may be composed of one cell 84 in some cases.
Each cell 84 is given an identification number (C_IDN # j) as in the case of the VOB 83.

Next, the data structure in the playback control information 1021 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The data structure in the playback control information 1021 shown in FIG. 1 has the data structure shown in the program chain (PGC) control information 1103 in FIG. 6, and the reproduction order is determined by the PGC and the cell.

The PGC indicates a unit for executing a series of reproductions in which a cell reproduction order is specified. A cell indicates a playback section in which playback data is specified by a start address and an end address.
The program chain (PGC) control information 1103 includes PGC information management information 1052, one or more search pointers of PGC information 1053, 1
054 and PGC information 1055, 105
6,1057.

The PGC information management information 1052 includes information indicating the number of PGCs (number of PGC information). Search Pointer of PGC Information 10
Numerals 53 and 1054 point to the head of each PGC information to facilitate the search.

PGC information 1055, 10
56 and 1057 are composed of PGC general information 1061 and one or more search pointer of cell time information 1062 and 1063.

PGC General Information 106
1 includes information (number of search pointer of cell time information) indicating the PGC reproduction time and the number of cells.

The search pointer of cell time information 1062, 1063 indicates the recording position of the cell time information. Here, the data structure in the cell time information indicating the recording position has the structure shown in FIG. 1 (h) and FIGS. 7 and 8 (the details will be described later).

Referring to FIGS. 38A and 38B, a conventional DV
An example of video information reproduction using PGC in D video will be described. As shown in FIG. 38A, reproduction data is specified as a cell in a reproduction section from cell A to cell F, and PGC information is defined in each PGC as shown in FIG. 38B.

1. PGC # 1 shows an example composed of cells specifying continuous playback sections, and the playback order is cell A → cell B → cell C.

2. PGC # 2 shows an example composed of cells that specify an intermittent reproduction section, and the reproduction order is cell D → cell E → cell F.

3. PGC # 3 shows an example in which playback can be performed intermittently irrespective of the playback direction or overlapped playback, and the playback order is cell E → cell A → cell D → cell B → cell E.

In the conventional example, it is not always necessary to continuously reproduce all video information (all cells) with one PGC. D
Since the video information is already recorded in the VD video, even if the reproduction method is as shown in FIG. 38, the user does not feel uncomfortable. However, the user records video information in the user-recordable video file of the present invention. For a user familiar with the VTR, in the case of the reproduction method as shown in FIG.
Confusion is likely to occur due to the relationship between the total recording time and the remaining amount.

On the other hand, in the present invention, FIG.
As shown in (b), the playback order is defined by one PGC so that all video information in the video file is played back continuously. On the information storage medium, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), VOBs are sequentially arranged from the inner peripheral side as follows: VOB_IDN # 1 → VOB_IDN # 3 → VOB_I
According to DN # 2, the cells are arranged in this order from the inner circumference in the order of cell A → cell B → cell C → cell F → cell G → cell D → cell E. On the other hand, in the PGC shown in FIG. 9B, in which all the cells are successively reproduced, the cell is reproduced in the order of cell A → cell B → cell C → cell D → cell E → cell F → cell G. I do.

FIG. 10 shows an information reproducing apparatus or an information recording / reproducing apparatus for an information storage medium having the video file shown in FIG. 2 or FIG.

The information reproducing apparatus or information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 roughly rotates an optical disc 1001 which is an information storage medium having a video file, and reads / writes information from / to this optical disc 1001. An information recording / reproducing unit 32, an encoder unit 50 constituting a recording side, a decoder unit 60 constituting a reproducing side,
And a microcomputer block 30 for controlling the operation of the apparatus main body.

The encoder unit 50 has an ADC (analog
Digital converter) 52, video encoder (V encoder) 53, and audio encoder (A encoder)
54, a sub-picture encoder (SP encoder) 55,
A formatter 56 and a buffer memory 57 are provided.

The ADC 52 has an external analog video signal from the AV input section 42 + an external analog audio signal,
Alternatively, an analog TV signal + analog audio signal from the TV tuner 44 is input. The ADC 52 digitizes the input analog video signal at, for example, a sampling frequency of 13.5 MHz and a quantization bit number of 8 bits. That is, each of the luminance component Y, the chrominance component Cr (or YR), and the chrominance component Cb (or YB) is quantized by 8 bits.

Similarly, ADC 52 converts the input analog audio signal to, for example, sampling frequency 48
Digitization is performed at kHz and a quantization bit number of 16 bits.

When an analog video signal and a digital audio signal are input to ADC 52,
C52 allows the digital audio signal to pass through.
The process of reducing only the jitter accompanying the digital signal without changing the content of the digital audio signal, or the process of changing the sampling rate and the number of quantization bits may be performed.

On the other hand, when a digital video signal and a digital audio signal are
C52 allows the digital video signal and the digital audio signal to pass through. These digital signals may be subjected to jitter reduction processing, sampling rate change processing, etc. without altering the content.

The digital video signal component from the ADC 52 is sent to a formatter 56 via a video encoder (V encoder) 53. The digital audio signal component from the ADC 52 is sent to a formatter 56 via an audio encoder (A encoder) 54.

The V encoder 53 has a function of converting an input digital video signal into a digital signal compressed at a variable bit rate based on the MPEG2 or MPEG1 standard.

The A encoder 54 has a function of converting an input digital audio signal into a digital signal (or a linear PCM digital signal) compressed at a fixed bit rate based on the MPEG or AC-3 standard. .

When video information is input from the AV input section 42 (for example, a signal from a DVD video player with an independent output terminal for a sub video signal), or a DVD video signal having such a data structure is broadcast and transmitted to a TV tuner. 4
4, the sub-picture signal component (sub-picture pack) in the DVD video signal is input to the sub-picture encoder (SP encoder) 55. The sub-picture data input to the SP encoder 55 is arranged in a predetermined signal form and sent to the formatter 56.

The formatter 56 includes a buffer memory 57
Is used as a work area, predetermined signal processing is performed on the input video signal, audio signal, sub-picture signal, etc., and the recorded data conforming to the format (file structure) described in FIG. Processor 3
6 is output.

Here, the contents of the standard encoding process for creating the recording data will be briefly described. That is, when the encoding process is started in the encoder unit 50 in FIG. 10, parameters necessary for encoding video (main video) data and audio data are set. Next, the main video data is pre-encoded using the set parameters, and the optimal code amount distribution for the set average transfer rate (recording rate) is calculated. Encoding of the main video is executed based on the code amount distribution obtained by the pre-encoding in this manner. At this time, the encoding of the audio data is also executed at the same time.

As a result of the pre-encoding, if the amount of data compression is insufficient (when the desired video program cannot be accommodated in the information storage medium to be recorded), if there is a chance to pre-encode again (for example, if the recording source is If the source is a reproducible source such as a video tape or video disc), partial re-encoding of the main video data is performed, and the re-encoded main video data is replaced with the previously pre-encoded main video data portion. Will be replaced. By such a series of processing, the main video data and the audio data are encoded, and the value of the average bit rate required for recording is greatly reduced.

Similarly, parameters necessary for encoding the sub-picture data are set, and the encoded sub-picture data is created.

The main video data, audio data and sub-video data encoded as described above are combined and converted into the above-described structure of the video title set VTS.

That is, main video data (video data)
Is set as the minimum unit of the above, and cell time information as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 is created as described later. Next, the configuration of the cells constituting the program chain as shown in FIG. 9, the attributes of the main video, the sub-video, and the audio are set (a part of these attribute information is obtained when each data is encoded). Information is used), and recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) including various information is created.

The encoded main video data, audio data and sub-video data are subdivided into packs of a fixed size (2048 bytes) as shown in FIG. Dummy packs are appropriately inserted into these packs. In addition, in the packs other than the dummy pack, the PTS
(Presentation time stamp), a time stamp such as DTS (decode time stamp) and the like are described. For the PTS of the sub-picture, a time arbitrarily delayed from the PTS of the main picture data or audio data in the same reproduction time zone can be described.

Each data cell is arranged so that the navigation pack 86 is arranged at the beginning of each VOBU 85 so that each data cell can be reproduced in the order of the time code of each data, and is composed of a plurality of cells as shown in FIG. VOB
83 are configured. A V that combines one or more of this VOB83
The OBS 82 transmits the recording / playback video data (RWVIDE) shown in FIG.
O_OBJECT. VOB).

When digitally copying a DVD playback signal from a DVD video player, the contents of the cell, program chain, management table, time stamp, and the like are predetermined from the beginning, so that there is no need to create these again. However, in order to configure a DVD video recorder so that a DVD reproduction signal can be digitally copied, a digital watermark or other copyright protection means must be taken.

A disk drive unit for reading / writing (recording and / or reproducing) information from / to an information storage medium (optical disk 1001) includes a disk changer unit 1
00, an information recording / reproducing unit 32, a temporary storage unit 34, a data processor 36, and a system time counter (or system time clock; STC) 38.

The temporary storage section 34 stores data (data output from the encoder section 50) to be written to the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) via the information recording / reproducing section 32.
The information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is buffered by a fixed amount of the
It is used to buffer a certain amount of data reproduced from (data input to the decoder unit 60).

For example, when temporary storage unit 34 is formed of a 4 Mbyte semiconductor memory (DRAM), an average of 4 Mbytes is used.
It is possible to buffer recording or reproduction data for about 8 seconds at a recording rate of bps. Further, when the temporary storage unit 34 is constituted by a 16 Mbyte EEPROM (flash memory), it is possible to buffer recording or reproduction data for about 30 seconds at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps. Further, when the temporary storage unit 34 is configured by a 100 Mbyte ultra-small HDD (hard disk), it is possible to buffer recording or reproduction data for 3 minutes or more at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps.

The temporary storage unit 34 temporarily stores the recording information until the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) is replaced with a new disk when the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) is used up during recording. Available to put.

Further, when a high-speed drive (double speed or higher) is employed as the information recording / reproducing unit 32, the temporary storage unit 34 temporarily stores data extraly read from the normal drive within a certain period of time. It can also be used for things.
If the read data at the time of reproduction is buffered in the temporary storage unit 34, the read data buffered in the temporary storage unit 34 can be switched and used even when a read error occurs in an optical pickup (not shown) due to vibration shock or the like. This makes it possible to keep the reproduced video from being interrupted.

Although not shown in FIG. 10, if the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus is provided with an external card slot, the EEPROM can be sold separately as an optional IC card. If an external drive slot or a SCSI interface is provided in the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus, the HDD can be sold separately as an optional extended drive.

Under the control of the microcomputer block 30, the data processor 36 shown in FIG. 10 supplies the DVD recording data from the encoder unit 50 to the disk drive 32, or supplies the information storage medium (optical disk 100).
The DVD reproduction signal reproduced from 1) is transmitted to the information recording / reproduction unit 3
2 or an information storage medium (optical disc 100
The management information recorded in 1) is rewritten, or data (file or VTS) recorded in the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is deleted.

The microcomputer block 30 has M
It includes a PU (or CPU), a ROM in which a control program and the like are written, and a RAM that provides a work area necessary for executing the program.

The MPU of the microcomputer block 30 uses the RAM as a work area in accordance with the control program stored in the ROM, detects a defect location, detects an unrecorded area, sets a recording information recording position, and records a UDF. , AV address setting, and the like.

The contents of the execution result of the MPU to be notified to the user of the information recording / reproducing apparatus are displayed on the display unit 48 of the DVD video recorder, or are displayed on the monitor display on an on-screen display (OSD).

Note that the microcomputer block 30
Are the disc changer unit 100 and the information recording / reproducing unit 3
2, data processor 36, encoder unit 50 and / or
Alternatively, the timing for controlling the decoder unit 60 is based on the STC
Based on the time data from 38. The recording / playback operation is normally performed in synchronization with the time clock from the STC 38, but other processing may be performed at a timing independent of the STC 38.

The decoder section 60 separates each pack from video information having a pack structure as shown in FIG. 5 and extracts the pack, a memory 63 used for executing pack separation and other signal processing, and a separator 62. A video decoder (V decoder) 64 that decodes the extracted main video data (contents of the video pack 88 in FIG. 5), and decodes the sub video data (contents of the sub video pack 90 in FIG. 5) separated by the separator 62. A sub-picture decoder (SP decoder) 65; an audio decoder (A decoder) 68 for decoding audio data (contents of the audio pack 91 in FIG. 5) separated by the separator 62;
A video processor 66 for appropriately combining the video data from the decoder 64 with the sub-picture data from the SP decoder 65 and superimposing a menu, highlight buttons, subtitles and other sub-pictures on the main picture, and Video / Digital / Analog Converter (V / DAC) 67 for converting a video output into an analog video signal
And an audio / digital / analog converter (A / DAC) 67 for converting a digital audio output from the A decoder 68 into an analog audio signal.

An analog video signal from the V / DAC 67 and an analog audio signal from the A / DAC 67 are supplied via an AV output section 46 to an external component (not shown) (a multi-channel stereo apparatus of 2 to 6 channels + a monitor TV or a projector). ).

The OSD data output from the microcomputer block 30 is input to the separator 62 of the decoder unit 60, passes through the V decoder 64, and is input to the video processor 66 (no particular decoding process). Then, this OSD data is superimposed on the main video,
It is supplied to an external monitor TV connected to the AV output unit 46. Then, a warning message is displayed together with the main image.

Next, the internal structure of the information recording / reproducing section 32 in FIG. 10 will be described with reference to FIG.

(11A) Functional description of information recording / reproducing section (11A-1) Basic function of information recording / reproducing section In the information recording / reproducing section, a light spot is used at a predetermined position on the information storage medium (optical disc) 201. Recording or rewriting of new information (including erasing of information) is performed.

Reproduction of already recorded information is performed from a predetermined position on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 using a converging spot.

The process of [0111] is performed.

(11A-2) Means for Achieving Basic Function of Information Recording / Reproducing Unit As means for achieving the above-described basic function, the information recording / reproducing unit: ○ Along a track (not shown) on the information storage medium 201 Trace (follow) the light spot.

Switching of recording / reproducing / erasing of information is performed by changing the amount of light of a converging spot irradiated on the information storage medium 201.

Conversion of an externally applied recording signal d into an optimal signal for recording at a high density and a low error rate.

Are performed.

(11B) Structure of mechanism part and operation of detection part (11B-1) Basic structure of optical head 202 and signal detection circuit (11B-1-1) Signal detection by optical head 202 The optical head 202 is basically Although not shown, it is composed of a semiconductor laser element as a light source, a photodetector, and an objective lens.

The laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element is applied to an information storage medium (optical disk) 20 by an objective lens.
The light is focused on 1. Information storage medium (optical disk) 201
The laser light reflected by the light reflection film or the light reflection recording film is photoelectrically converted by a photodetector.

The detected current obtained by the photodetector is
3 is subjected to current-voltage conversion to become a detection signal. This detection signal is processed by the focus / track error detection circuit 217 or the binarization circuit 212. Generally, a photodetector is divided into a plurality of photodetection areas, and individually detects a change in the amount of light applied to each photodetection area. The focus / track error detection circuit 2
At 17, the calculation of the sum / difference is performed to detect the focus shift and the track shift. Information storage medium (optical disk) 20
A signal on the information storage medium 201 is reproduced by detecting a change in the amount of light reflected from the light reflecting film or the light reflective recording film.

(11B-1-2) Defocus Detection Method As a method of optically detecting the amount of focus deviation, astigmatism method: using a light reflection film or a light reflection recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 A method of arranging an optical element (not shown) that generates astigmatism in a detection optical path of reflected laser light and detecting a change in shape of the laser light irradiated on the photodetector. The light detection area is divided into four diagonally. A focus error detection signal is obtained by taking the difference between the diagonal sums of the detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas in the focus / track error detection circuit 217. Or Knife edge method: A method of disposing a knife edge that asymmetrically shields part of the laser light reflected by the information storage medium 201. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a difference between detection signals obtained from each detection area is obtained to obtain a focus error detection signal.

Often, either one is used.

(11B-1-3) Track Shift Detection Method The information storage medium (optical disc) 201 has a spiral or concentric track, and information is recorded on the track. Information is reproduced or recorded / erased by tracing the focused spot along the track. In order to stably trace the focused spot along the track, it is necessary to optically detect the relative displacement between the track and the focused spot. Generally, a track shift detection method is as follows: DPD (Differential Phase Detection) method: a change in intensity distribution of a laser beam reflected by a light reflection film or a light reflection recording film of an information storage medium (optical disk) 201 on a photodetector. Is detected. The light detection area is divided into four diagonally. The difference between the diagonal sums of the detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas is calculated in a focus / track error detection circuit 217 to obtain a track error detection signal. Or ○ Push-Pull method: information storage medium 20
A change in the intensity distribution of the laser light reflected at step 1 on the photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a difference between detection signals obtained from each detection area is obtained to obtain a track error detection signal.

A twin-spot method: a diffraction element or the like is arranged in a light transmission system between the semiconductor laser element and the information storage medium 201 to split light into a plurality of wavefronts and irradiate the information storage medium 201 with the light. The change in the reflected light amount of the ± 1st-order diffracted light is detected. A light detection area for individually detecting the reflected light amount of the + 1st-order diffracted light and the reflected light amount of the -1st-order diffracted light is arranged separately from the light detection area for detecting the reproduction signal. Get.

And the like.

(11B-1-4) Objective Lens Actuator Structure An objective lens (not shown) for condensing the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element on the information storage medium 201
Has a structure movable in two axial directions according to the output current of the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. The direction of movement of the objective lens is as follows: move in a direction perpendicular to the information storage medium 201 for focus shift correction; move in a radial direction of the information storage medium 201 for track shift correction.

Although not shown, the mechanism for moving the objective lens is called an objective lens actuator. The structure of the objective lens actuator is as follows: ○ Shaft sliding method: center axis (shaft)
A method in which the blade moves integrally with the objective lens along the axis, and the blade moves in the direction along the central axis to correct the focus deviation, and corrects the track deviation by rotating the blade with respect to the central axis. . Or Four-wire method: A method in which a blade integrated with an objective lens is connected to a fixed system by four wires, and the blade is moved in two axial directions by utilizing elastic deformation of the wires.

Are frequently used. Both types have a structure in which a permanent magnet and a coil are provided, and the blade is moved by passing a current through a coil connected to the blade.

(11B-2) Rotation control system of information storage medium 201 Information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is placed on turntable 221 which is rotated by the driving force of spindle motor 204.
Attach.

The number of rotations of the information storage medium 201 is detected based on a reproduction signal obtained from the information storage medium 201. That is, the detection signal (analog signal) of the output of the amplifier 213 is 2
The signal is converted into a digital signal by the value conversion circuit 212, and a constant period signal (reference clock signal) is generated from the signal by the PLL circuit 211. Information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 2
At 14, the number of rotations of the information storage medium 201 is detected using this signal, and the value is output.

The correspondence table of the number of rotations of the information storage medium corresponding to the radial position to be reproduced or recorded / erased on the information storage medium 201 is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance.
When the reproduction position or the recording / erasing position is determined, the control unit 2
20 sets the target number of revolutions of the information storage medium 201 with reference to the semiconductor memory 219 information, and notifies the spindle motor drive circuit 215 of the value.

The spindle motor drive circuit 215 obtains a difference between the target rotation speed and the output signal (current rotation speed) of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214, and outputs a drive current according to the result to the spindle motor 204. And the control is performed so that the number of rotations of the spindle motor 204 becomes constant. The output signal of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214 is a pulse signal having a frequency corresponding to the rotation speed of the information storage medium 201, and the spindle motor drive circuit 215 controls both the frequency and the pulse phase of this signal.

(11B-3) Optical Head Moving Mechanism An optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 for moving the optical head 202 in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201.
have.

In many cases, a rod-shaped guide shaft is used as a guide mechanism for moving the optical head 202, and the optical head 202 is moved by utilizing friction between the guide shaft and a bush attached to a part of the optical head 202. I do. In addition, there is a method of using a bearing in which a frictional force is reduced by using a rotary motion.

Although a driving force transmitting method for moving the optical head 202 is not shown, a rotating motor having a pinion (rotating gear) is arranged in a fixed system, and a rack, which is a linear gear meshing with the pinion, is mounted on the optical head 202. And converts the rotary motion of the rotary motor into a linear motion of the optical head 202. As another driving force transmission method, a linear motor system in which a permanent magnet is arranged in a fixed system and current flows in a coil arranged in the optical head 202 to move the coil in a linear direction may be used.

In both the rotary motor and the linear motor systems, basically, a current is supplied to the feed motor to
A driving force for two movements is generated. This drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216.

(11C) Function of Each Control Circuit (11C-1) Condensing Spot Trace Control In order to perform focus shift correction or track shift correction, optical control is performed according to the output signal (detection signal) of the focus / track error detection circuit 217. A circuit for supplying a drive current to an objective lens actuator (not shown) in the head 202 is an objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. A phase compensating circuit for improving characteristics in accordance with the frequency characteristics of the objective lens actuator is provided inside in order to make the movement of the objective lens respond quickly at a high frequency range.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
In response to a command from the control unit 220, o the on / off processing of the focus / track shift correction operation (focus / track loop); o the objective lens is moved at a low speed in the vertical direction (focus direction) of the information storage medium 201. Processing (executed when the focus / track loop is off), processing for slightly moving the information storage medium 201 in the radial direction (crossing the track) using a kick pulse to move the focused spot to an adjacent track. .

(11C-2) Laser light quantity control (11C-2-1) Switching processing between reproduction and recording / erasing Switching between reproduction and recording / erasing is performed by changing the light quantity of a condensed spot irradiated onto the information storage medium 201. Do it.

For an information storage medium using the phase change method, the following relationship is generally established: [light amount at the time of recording]> [light amount at the time of erasing]> [light amount at the time of reproduction]. Generally, the information storage medium has a relationship of [light amount at the time of recording] ≒ [light amount at the time of erasing]> [light amount at the time of reproduction]. In the case of the magneto-optical method, the recording and erasing processes are controlled by changing the polarity of an external magnetic field (not shown) applied to the information storage medium 201 during recording / erasing.

At the time of reproducing information, a constant amount of light is continuously irradiated on the information storage medium 201.

When new information is recorded, a pulsed intermittent light amount is added to the light amount at the time of reproduction. When the semiconductor laser device emits a pulse with a large amount of light, the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium 201 locally undergoes an optical change or a shape change, and a recording mark is formed.
Similarly, when overwriting an area already recorded, the semiconductor laser element is caused to emit pulse light.

When erasing already recorded information, a constant light amount larger than that at the time of reproduction is continuously irradiated. In the case where information is continuously erased, the irradiation light amount is returned at the time of reproduction in a specific cycle such as a sector unit, and the information is intermittently reproduced in parallel with the erasing process. The track number and address of the track to be erased intermittently are reproduced, and the erasing process is performed while confirming that there is no error in the erased track.

(11C-2-2) Laser Light Emission Control Although not shown, the optical head 202 has a built-in light detector for detecting the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element.
The semiconductor laser drive circuit 205 calculates the difference between the photodetector output (detection signal of the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element) and the light emission reference signal given from the recording / reproduction / erasure control waveform generation circuit 206, and based on the result, The drive current to the laser is fed back.

(11D) Various operations related to the control system of the mechanism (11D-1) Startup control The information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is
1 and start control, processing is performed according to the following procedure.

(1) The target number of revolutions is transmitted from the control unit 220 to the spindle motor drive circuit 215, and a drive current is supplied from the spindle motor drive circuit 215 to the spindle motor 204 to start the rotation of the spindle motor 204.

(2) At the same time, a command (execution command) is issued from the control unit 220 to the feed motor drive circuit 216, and a drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216 to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203. The optical head 202 moves to the innermost position of the information storage medium 201. It is confirmed that the optical head 202 is located further inward of the information storage medium 201 beyond the area where the information is recorded.

(3) When the spindle motor 204 reaches the target rotation speed, its status (status report) is sent to the control unit 220.

(4) The semiconductor laser driving circuit 205 controls the optical head 202 in accordance with the reproduced light amount signal sent from the control unit 220 to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206.
An electric current is supplied to the semiconductor laser element inside to start laser emission. The optimum irradiation light amount at the time of reproduction differs depending on the type of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201. At the time of startup, it is set to the value with the lowest irradiation light amount.

(5) An objective lens (not shown) in the optical head 202 in accordance with a command from the control unit 220
To the position furthest away from the information storage medium 201,
The objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 controls the objective lens to slowly approach the information storage medium 201.

(6) At the same time, the focus / track error detection circuit 217 monitors the amount of focus shift, and outputs a status to the control unit 220 when the objective lens comes near the focused position.

(7) Upon receiving the notification, the control section 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the focus loop.

(8) The control unit 220 issues a command to the feed motor drive circuit 216 while keeping the focus loop on to slowly move the optical head 202 to the information storage medium 201.
In the direction of the outer peripheral portion of.

(9) At the same time, the reproduction signal from the optical head 202 is monitored, and the optical head 202
When the optical head 202 reaches the recording area on the first position, the movement of the optical head 202 is stopped, and a command to turn on the track loop is issued to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218.

(10) Information storage medium (optical disk) 20
The “optimum light quantity at the time of reproduction” and the “optimum light quantity at the time of recording / erasing” recorded in the inner peripheral portion of 1 are reproduced, and the information is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 via the control unit 220.

(11) Further, the control unit 220 sends a signal corresponding to the “optimum light amount at the time of reproduction” to the recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 206 to reset the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of reproduction. .

(12) The light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of recording / erasing is set according to the “optimum light amount at the time of recording / erasing” recorded on the information storage medium 201.

(11D-2) Access Control (11D-2-1) Reproduction of Access Destination Information on Information Storage Medium 201 Information about where and what information is recorded on information storage medium 201 is stored. Information is stored in the information storage medium 2
01 and generally depends on the type of the information storage medium 20.
1, directory management area: collectively recorded in the inner or outer peripheral area of the information storage medium 201. Or ○ Navigation Pack: MPEG2 PS (Program
Stream), which is included in a VOBS conforming to the data structure, and records information on where the next video is recorded.

And the like.

When it is desired to reproduce or record / delete specific information, the information in the above-mentioned area is reproduced first, and the access destination is determined from the obtained information.

(11D-2-2) Coarse Access Control The control unit 220 calculates the radius position of the access destination by calculation.
The distance from the current position of the optical head 202 is determined.

The speed curve information which can be reached in the shortest time with respect to the moving distance of the optical head 202 is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance. The control unit 220 reads the information and controls the movement of the optical head 202 according to the speed curve in the following manner.

After the controller 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop, the feed motor drive circuit 216 is controlled to start the movement of the optical head 202.

When the focused spot crosses a track on the information storage medium 201, a track error detection signal is generated in the focus / track error detection circuit 217. Using this track error detection signal, the relative speed of the focused spot with respect to the information storage medium 201 can be detected.

The feed motor drive circuit 216 calculates the difference between the relative speed of the condensed spot obtained from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 and the target speed information sent from the control unit 220 one by one. The optical head 202 is moved while applying feedback to the drive current to the drive mechanism (feed motor) 203.

As described in "(11B-3) Optical head moving mechanism", frictional force always acts between the guide shaft and the bush or bearing. When the optical head 202 is moving at high speed, kinetic friction is applied. However, at the start of movement and immediately before the stop, the moving speed of the optical head 202 is low, and static friction is applied. At this time, since the relative frictional force is increasing (especially immediately before the stop), the optical head driving mechanism (feed motor) is operated in response to a command from the control unit 220.
The amplification factor (gain) of the current supplied to 203 is increased.

(11D-2-3) Fine Access Control When the optical head 202 reaches the target position, the control unit 220
Sends a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the track loop.

The focused spot reproduces the address or track number of that portion while tracing along the track on the information storage medium 201.

The current focus spot position is calculated from the address or the track number, the number of error tracks from the target position is calculated in the control unit 220, and the number of tracks required for moving the focus spot is determined by the objective lens actuator. Notify the drive circuit 218.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
When one set of kick pulses is generated within the above, the objective lens slightly moves in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201, and the focused spot moves to an adjacent track.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
In this case, the track loop is temporarily turned off, and the control unit 22
After generating the kick pulse the number of times corresponding to the information from 0, the track loop is turned on again.

After the end of the fine access, the control unit 220 reproduces information (address or track number) of the position where the focused spot is traced, and confirms that the target track is being accessed.

(11D-3) Continuous Recording / Reproduction / Erase Control As shown in FIG. 11, the track error detection signal output from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is input to the feed motor drive circuit 216. The control unit 220 controls the feed motor drive circuit 216 not to use the track error detection signal during the “start control” and the “access control” described above.

After confirming that the condensed spot has reached the target track by accessing, a part of the track error detection signal is transmitted to the optical head driving mechanism (feed motor) by the command from the control unit 220 via the motor driving circuit 216. ) 203 is supplied as a drive current. This control is continued during the period in which the reproduction or the recording / erasing process is continuously performed.

The center position of the information storage medium 201 is mounted with an eccentricity slightly shifted from the center position of the turntable 221. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current, the optical head 202 is adjusted to the eccentricity.
The whole moves slightly.

When the reproduction or the recording / erasing process is continuously performed for a long time, the position of the condensed spot gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current to the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203, the optical head 202 gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction accordingly.

In this manner, the burden of correcting the track shift of the objective lens actuator can be reduced, and the track loop can be stabilized.

(11D-4) Termination Control When a series of processing is completed and the operation is terminated, the processing is performed according to the following procedure.

(1) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop.

(2) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the focus loop.

(3) The control unit 220 issues a command to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 206 to stop the light emission of the semiconductor laser device.

(4) The spindle motor drive circuit 215 is notified of 0 as a reference rotation speed.

(11E) Flow of Recorded / Reproduced Signal on Information Storage Medium (11E-1) Format of Signal Recorded on Information Storage Medium 201 For a signal recorded on information storage medium 201, Enables correction of recording information errors caused by defects on the information 201. Simplifies the reproduction processing circuit by reducing the DC component of the reproduction signal to 0. Information is recorded on the information storage medium 201 as densely as possible. As shown in FIG. 11, the information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) has "addition of an error correction function" to satisfy the
"Signal conversion (modulation / demodulation of signal) for recorded information" is performed.

(11E-2) Signal Flow During Recording (11E-2-1) ECC (Error Correction Code)
Additional processing Information to be recorded in the information storage medium 201 is converted into a raw signal in the form of a recording signal d as a data input / output interface 222.
Is input to This recording signal d is recorded as it is in the semiconductor memory 219, and then the ECC encoding circuit 208 performs the following ECC addition processing.

An embodiment of an ECC adding method using a product code will be described below.

The recording signal d is stored in the semiconductor memory 219 at 17
One line is sequentially arranged for every two bytes, and one set of EC is composed of 192 lines.
C block. For a raw signal (recording signal d) in a set of ECC blocks composed of “row: 172 × column: 192 bytes”, an inner code PI of 10 bytes is calculated for each row of 172 bytes. It is additionally recorded in the memory 219. Further, a 16-byte outer code PO is calculated for each column in byte units and additionally recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

As an embodiment of recording on the information storage medium 201, a total of 2366 bytes of 12 lines including the inner code PI and one line for the outer code PO 2366 = (12 + 1) × (172 + 10) Record in the sector.

When the addition of the inner code PI and the outer code PO is completed, the ECC encoding circuit 208 reads a signal of 2366 bytes for one sector from the semiconductor memory 219 and transfers it to the modulation circuit 207.

(11E-2-2) Signal Modulation In order to make the DC component (DSV: Digital Sum Value) of the reproduced signal close to 0 and record information at a high density on the information storage medium 201, the signal format is converted. A certain signal modulation is performed in the modulation circuit 207.

A conversion table indicating the relationship between the original signal and the signal after modulation is provided inside the modulation circuit 207 and the demodulation circuit 210. The signal transferred from the ECC encoding circuit 208 is divided into a plurality of bits according to the modulation scheme, and converted into another signal (code) with reference to a conversion table.

For example, as a modulation method, 8/16 modulation [RL
L (2, 10) code], there are two types of conversion tables, and the conversion tables are switched one by one so that the DC component (DSV) after modulation approaches 0.

(11E-2-3) Generation of Recording Waveform When recording a recording mark on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201, generally, the recording method is as follows: mark length recording method: front end position of recording mark and rear terminal "1" comes to the position.

マ ー ク Recording method between marks: The center position of the recording mark coincides with the position of “1”.

There are two types.

In the case of performing mark length recording, it is necessary to form a long recording mark. In this case, if the recording light amount is continuously applied for a certain period, a “raindrop” recording mark having a wide width only at the rear portion is formed due to the heat storage effect of the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium 201. In order to eliminate this adverse effect, when forming a long recording mark, the recording mark is divided into a plurality of recording pulses or the recording waveform is changed stepwise.

Recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206
Inside, a recording waveform as described above is created according to the recording signal sent from the modulation circuit 207 and transmitted to the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205.

(11E-3) Flow of Signal at the Time of Reproduction (11E-3-1) Binarization / PLL Circuit Information as described earlier in "(11B-1-1) Signal Detection by Optical Head 202" Storage medium (optical disk) 2
A signal on the information storage medium 201 is reproduced by detecting a change in the amount of reflected light from the light reflecting film or the light reflective recording film. The signal obtained by the amplifier 213 has an analog waveform. The binarization circuit 212 converts the signal into a binary digital signal consisting of “1” and “0” using a comparator.

A reference signal at the time of reproducing information is extracted by the PLL circuit 211 from the reproduced signal obtained here. PL
The L circuit 211 has a built-in variable frequency oscillator. The frequency and phase between the pulse signal (reference clock) output from the oscillator and the output signal of the binarization circuit 212 are compared, and the result is fed back to the oscillator output.

(11E-3-2) Demodulation of Signal The demodulation circuit 210 has a conversion table indicating the relationship between the modulated signal and the demodulated signal. The signal is returned to the original signal while referring to the conversion table in accordance with the reference clock obtained by the PLL circuit 211. The returned (demodulated) signal is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

(11E-3-3) Error Correction Processing The signal stored in the semiconductor memory 219 is subjected to an inner code P
Using I and the outer code PO, the error correction circuit 209 detects an error location and sets a pointer flag of the error location.

Thereafter, while reading the signal from the semiconductor memory 219, the signal at the error location is sequentially corrected in accordance with the error pointer flag, the inner code PI and the outer code PO are removed, and the signal is transferred to the data input / output interface unit 222.

The signal sent from the ECC encoding circuit 208 is transmitted to the data input / output
2 as a reproduction signal c.

When a DVD-RAM disk is used as an information storage medium for recording a video file, a UDF (Universal Disk Format) is often used as a file format. Therefore, the UDF will be described below with reference to FIGS. The contents will be explained.

(12A) Outline of UDF (What is UDF) (12A-1) What is UDF UDF is an abbreviation for Universal Disk Format.
It mainly shows the “Rules on File Management Method” for disk-shaped information storage media. CD-ROM, CD-R, C
D-RW, DVD video, DVD-ROM, DVD-
R and DVD-RAM adopt the UDF format standardized by "ISO9660".

The file management method basically assumes a hierarchical file system having a root directory as a parent and managing files in a tree shape.

Here, the DVD-RAM standard (File S
A description will be given of the UDF format conforming to the system specifications, but most of the description is consistent with the DVD-ROM standard.

(12A-2) Outline of UDF (12A-2-1) Contents of File Information Recorded on Information Storage Medium When information is recorded on an information storage medium, a group of information is called file data (FileData). Recording is performed in data units. A unique file name is added to each file data to distinguish it from other file data. Grouping for a plurality of file data having common information contents facilitates file management and file search. The group for each of the plurality of file data is called a directory (Directory) or a folder (Folder). A unique directory name (folder name) is added to each directory (folder).

Further, the plurality of directories (folders)
Can be collected and grouped in a higher-level directory (higher-level folder) as a group at a higher level. Here, the file data and the directory (folder) are collectively called a file.

When information is recorded, the information content of the file data itself is used. The file name corresponding to the file data is stored on the information storage medium. To record. All information on the directory (folder name), the directory name (folder name), and the location to which each directory (folder) belongs [the location of the parent upper directory (upper folder)] are also recorded on the information storage medium. ing.

(12A-2-2) Information Recording Format on Information Storage Medium All recording areas on the information storage medium are divided into logical sectors each having a minimum unit of 2048 bytes, and a logical sector number is assigned to each logical sector. They are numbered sequentially. When information is recorded on the information storage medium, the information is recorded on a logical sector basis. The recording position on the information storage medium is managed by the logical sector number of the logical sector in which this information has been recorded.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the logical sector in which information on the file structure 486 and the file data 487 is recorded is particularly a “logical block”.
The logical block number (LBN) is set in conjunction with the logical sector number (LSN). The length of the logical block is 2048 bytes like the logical sector.

(12A-2-3) Example of Simplifying Hierarchical File System An example of simplifying the hierarchical file system is shown in FIG.
(A). UNIX (registered trademark), MacOS (registered trademark), MS-DOS (registered trademark), Windows
Most OS file management systems such as (registered trademark) have a tree-like hierarchical structure as shown in FIG.

One disk drive (for example, one H
One root directory 401, which is the parent of the whole, exists for each partition when the DD is divided into a plurality of partitions (each partition unit is shown), and a subdirectory 402 belongs under the root directory 401. File data 403 exists in this subdirectory 402.

[0212] Actually, the present invention is not limited to this example, and file data 403 may exist directly below the root directory 401, or may have a complicated hierarchical structure in which a plurality of subdirectories 402 are connected in series.

(12A-2-4) Recorded Contents of File Management Information on Information Storage Medium File management information is recorded in units of the logical blocks described above. The contents recorded in each logical block mainly include a description sentence FID (File Ide
ntifier Descriptor)… Describes the file type and file name (root directory name, subdirectory name, file data name, etc.).

In the FID, the data content of the file data following it, and a description sentence indicating the recording location of the contents of the directory (that is, the recording position of the FE corresponding to the file described below) are also described.

A description F indicating the recording position of the file contents
E (File Entry)... Describes the data content of the file data and the position (logical block number) on the information storage medium where the information on the contents of the directory (such as a subdirectory) is recorded.

[0216]

FIG. 15 shows an excerpt of the description contents of the file identifier descriptor. The details will be described in "(12B-4) File Identifier Descriptor". An excerpt of the description contents of the file entry is shown in FIG. 16, and its detailed description is “(12B
-3) File entry ”.

The description sentence indicating the recording position on the information storage medium uses the long allocation descriptor shown in FIG. 17 and the short allocation descriptor shown in FIG. The detailed description of each is described in “(12B-1-
2) Long allocation descriptors ”and“ (1
2B-1-3) Short allocation descriptor ".

[0219] As an example, Fig. 14B shows the recorded contents when the information of the file system structure of Fig. 14A is recorded on the information storage medium. The recorded contents in FIG. 14B are as follows.

The contents of the root directory 401 are shown in the logical block of the logical block number "1".

In the example of FIG. 14A, since only the subdirectory 402 is included in the root directory 401, information on the subdirectory 402 is described in the file identifier descriptor 404 as the contents of the root directory 401. are doing. Although not shown, the information of the root directory 401 itself is also described in the same logical block in a file identifier descriptor sentence.

The recording position of the file entry statement 405 indicating where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the file identifier descriptor statement 404 of the subdirectory 402 [FIG.
In the example of (b), the second logical block] is described in the long allocation descriptor statement [LAD (2)].

A file entry statement 405 indicating the position where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded is recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “2”.

In the example of FIG. 14A, since only the file data 403 is stored in the subdirectory 402, a file in which information about the file data 403 is substantially described as the contents of the subdirectory 402 This indicates the recording position of the identifier descriptor statement 406.

The short allocation descriptor sentence in the file entry sentence describes that the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the third logical block [AD (3)].

The contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “3”.

In the example of FIG. 14A, since only the file data 403 is contained in the subdirectory 402, information on the file data 403 is described in the subdirectory 402 by the file identifier descriptor statement 406. Have been. Although not shown, the subdirectory 40 is stored in the same logical block.
2 own information is also described in the file identifier descriptor sentence.

The recording position of the file entry statement 407 indicating where the content of the file data 403 is recorded in the file identifier descriptor statement 406 relating to the file data 403 [in the example of FIG. Recorded in the fourth logical block] is described in the long allocation descriptor statement [LAD (4)].

A file entry statement 407 indicating the position where the contents 408 and 409 of the file data 403 are recorded is recorded in the logical block of the logical block number "4".

The short allocation descriptor statement in the file entry statement 407 describes that the contents 408 and 409 of the file data 403 are recorded in the fifth and sixth logical blocks [AD (5), AD
(6)].

The contents information (a) 408 of the file data 403 is recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “5”.

The contents information (b) 409 of the file data 403 is recorded in the logical block having the logical block number “6”.

(12A-2-5) Method of Accessing File Data According to FIG. 14 (b) Information First, “(12A-2-4) File / File on Information Storage Medium
File identifier descriptors 404, 406 as described briefly in "System Information Record Contents".
And the file entries 405 and 407 describe the logical block numbers in which the information following them is described.
Just like reaching down to file data via subdirectories while descending the hierarchy from the root directory,
The data contents of the file data are accessed while sequentially reproducing the information in the logical blocks on the information storage medium according to the file identifier descriptor and the logical block number described in the file entry.

That is, to access the file data 403 for the information shown in FIG. 14B, first, the first logical block information is read. File data 40
3 exists in the subdirectory 402,
Subdirectory 4 from the first logical block information
02 File Identifier Descriptor 40
4 and read LAD (2), then read the second logical block information accordingly.

Since only one file entry statement is described in the second logical block, the AD
Read (3) and move to the third logical block.
In the third logical block, the file identifier 406 described for the file data 403 is searched, and the LAD (4) is read. LAD
When moving to the fourth logical block according to (4), since only one file entry statement 407 is described therein, AD (5) and AD (6) are read, and the contents of the file data 403 are recorded. Logical block numbers (5th and 6th).

The contents of AD (*) and LAD (*) will be described in detail in “(12B) Specific description of each description sentence (disc libter) of UDF”.

(12A-3) Features of UDF (12A-3-1) Features of UDF The FAT used in HDD, FDD, MO, etc.
The features of the UDF will be described in comparison with the above.

(1) It is suitable for recording video information and music information having a large minimum unit (such as a minimum logical block size and a minimum logical sector size) and a large amount of information to be recorded.

... The logical sector (block) size of the UDF is as large as 2048 bytes while the logical sector size of the FAT is 512 bytes.

(2) FAT is a file allocation management table (file allocation table) for information storage media
Is recorded locally and centrally on the information storage medium,
In UDF, file management information can be distributedly recorded at an arbitrary position on a disk.

In the UDF, the recording position of the file management information and file data on the disk is described in the allocation descriptor as a logical sector (block) number.

The FAT is centrally managed in a file management area (file allocation table), so that it is suitable for applications requiring frequent changes in file structure (mainly frequent rewrite applications). Because it is recorded in a centralized location, it is easy to rewrite the management information. Further, since the recording location of the file management information (file allocation table) is determined in advance, it is assumed that the recording medium has high reliability (the number of defective areas is small).

In the UDF, since the file management information is distributed, there is little change in the file structure, and the part below the hierarchy (mainly the part below the root directory)
This is suitable for the purpose of adding a new file structure later (mainly for additional writing). At the time of appending, there are few changes to the previous file management information.

Further, since the recording position of the distributed file management information can be arbitrarily specified, the recording can be performed while avoiding a congenital defective portion. Since the file management information can be recorded at an arbitrary position, all the file management information can be collected and recorded at one location, and the advantage of the FAT can be obtained.

(12B) Specific description of each description (descriptor) of UDF (12B-1) Description of logical block number (12B-1-1) Allocation descriptor First, "(12A-2- 4) File system information recorded contents on information storage medium "as shown in" File Identifier Descriptor, File Entry, etc., and a part where subsequent information is recorded (logical block number) Is referred to as an allocation descriptor. The allocation descriptor includes a long allocation descriptor and a short allocation descriptor described below.

(12B-1-2) Long Allocation Descriptor As shown in FIG. 17, ・ Extent length 410... The number of logical blocks is indicated by 4 bytes ・ Extent position 411... The corresponding logical block number is 4 bytes・ Implementation use 412: Information used for calculation processing, which is displayed in 8 bytes. In the description here, the description is simplified and described as “LAD (logical block number)”.

(12B-1-3) Short Allocation Descriptor As shown in FIG. 18, ・ Extent length 410... The number of logical blocks is indicated by 4 bytes ・ Extent position 411... Consists of only display. In this description, the description is simplified and described as "AD (logical block number)".

(12B-2) Space Entry Not Allocated As shown in FIG. 19, the "unrecorded extent distribution" on the information storage medium is described by a short allocation descriptor for each extent, and is a description sentence that arranges them. Used for the space table (see FIGS. 12 and 13). Specific contents include: • a descriptor tag 413... Representing an identifier of the description content, in this case, “263” • an ICB tag 414. The file type = 1 in the ICB tag indicates a space entry that is not allocated, the file type = 4 indicates a directory, and the file type = 5 indicates file data.

It is described that the total length of the allocation descriptor string 415... 4 bytes indicates the total number of bytes.

(12B-3) File Entry The description described earlier in "(12A-2-4) Contents of File System Information Recorded on Information Storage Medium". As shown in FIG. 16, • descriptor tag 417 represents an identifier of the description content, in this case, “261” • ICB tag 418 represents a file type. Content is the same as (12B-2). ・ Permission 419: Indicates recording / reproduction / deletion permission information for each user. It is mainly used to ensure file security.

Allocation descriptor 420
.. Describes a position where the contents of the corresponding file are recorded by arranging short allocation descriptors for each extent.

(12B-4) File Identifier Descriptor A description sentence describing file information as described in "(12A-2-4) File System Information Recorded Content on Information Storage Medium". As shown in FIG. 15, • descriptor tag 421... Represents an identifier of the description content, in this case, “257” • file characteristics 422...
Means either file data or file deletion flag.

Information control block 423: The FE position corresponding to this file is described by a long allocation descriptor.

File identifier 424: Directory name or file name.

Padding 437: A dummy area added to adjust the overall length of the file identifier descriptor, and normally all "0" are recorded.

Are described.

(12C) Example of file structure description recorded on information storage medium in accordance with UDF The contents described in “(12A-2) Outline of UDF” will be described in detail below using a specific example.

FIG. 20 shows an example of a more general file system structure with respect to FIG. The information in the parentheses indicates the logical block number on the information storage medium in which the information on the contents of the directory or the data content of the file data is recorded.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show examples in which the information of the file system structure shown in FIG. 20 is recorded on the information storage medium in accordance with the UDF format.

As a method of managing an unrecorded position on the information storage medium, a space bit map method is used, which uses a space bit map descriptor 470 to record all logical blocks in the recording area in the information storage medium in a bit map manner. "Or" unrecorded "flag.

The space table method All unrecorded logical block numbers are described as a list of short allocation descriptors using the description method of the space entry 471 which is not allocated.

There are two methods.

In the description of the present embodiment, both methods are purposefully described in FIGS. 12 and 13 for the purpose of explanation, but actually both are used together (recorded on the information storage medium). Is rare and only one of them is used.

An outline of the contents of the main directories described in FIGS. 12 and 13 is as follows.

Beginning extent area descriptor 445... Indicates the start position of the volume recognition sequence 444.

Volume structure descriptor 446: A description of the contents of the volume is described.

Boot descriptor 447: Describes the processing contents at the time of boot.

Terminating extent area descriptor 448... Indicates the end position of the volume recognition sequence 444.

• Partition Descriptor 450
... Indicates partition information (such as size). DVD-
In RAM, one partition per volume is in principle.

• Logical Volume Descriptor 4
54 describes the contents of the logical volume.

Anchor volume descriptor pointer 458... Indicates the recording position of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 and the reserved volume descriptor sequence 467 in the information storage medium recording area.

• Reserved (all 00h bytes) 45
9 to 465: A specific disc rebatter is recorded. In order to secure a logical sector number, an adjustment area in which all “0” s are recorded is provided between them.

[0273] Reserve volume descriptor sequence 467: A backup area of information recorded in the main volume descriptor sequence 449.

(12D) Method of Accessing File Data During Reproduction An information storage medium for reproducing the data content of, for example, file data H432 (see FIG. 20) using the file system information shown in FIGS. The above access processing method will be described.

(1) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process, (2) the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced first.

(3) Logical Volume Content Use 4 in Logical Volume Descriptor 454
55 is described, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded therein is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 1).
7) Described in the format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, L
It is recorded in the 100th logical block from AD (100).

(4) The 100th logical block (the 372nd logical sector number) is accessed, and the file set descriptor 472 is reproduced. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). Root directory ICB
According to the LAD (102) of H.473, (5) the 102nd logical block is accessed, and the file entry 47 relating to the root directory A425 is obtained.
5 is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].

(6) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is reproduced. File data H432 is in directory D
Directory 428 because it exists under the 428 series.
A file identifier descriptor is searched for the logical block number [FIG. 12 and FIG.
(Not shown), the LAD (110)] is read.

(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)]. .

(8) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. File data H432 is stored in subdirectory F4.
30 directly below the subdirectory F43
A file identifier descriptor for 0 is searched for, and a logical block number [LAD (112) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which a file entry for subdirectory F430 is recorded is read.

(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113 )].

(10) The 113th logical block is accessed, information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor for the file data H432 is searched. Then, the logical block number [LAD (114) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which the file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read therefrom.

(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(12) Information is reproduced from the information storage medium in the order of the logical block numbers described in the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432, and the data contents 489 of the file data H432 are read.

(12E) Method of Changing Specific File Data Contents A processing method including access when changing the data contents of, for example, the file data H432 using the file system information shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 will be described.

(1) The capacity difference between the data contents before and after the change of the file data H432 is obtained, the value is divided by 2048 bytes, and how many additional logical blocks are used to record the changed data. It is calculated in advance whether it is unnecessary.

(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is started or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no particularly specified boot process, (3) First, the partition descriptor 4 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area
50 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read. In the partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.

The position of the space table is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 which is not allocated. FIG.
And AD (50) in the example of FIG. The space bit map position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space bit map 453 column that is not allocated. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.

(4) Access is made to the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (3) is described. Space Bitmap Descriptor 4
The space bitmap information is read from 70, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (processing for rewriting the information of the space bitmap descriptor 460). Alternatively, (4 ') access the logical block number (50) in which the space table read in (3) above is described.
USE (AD (*), AD (*),
.., AD (*)) 471 to find an unrecorded logical block, and register the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) (space table information rewriting process). In the actual processing, either one of "(4)" and "(4 ')" is performed.

(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.

(6) Logical Volume Content Use 4 in Logical Volume Descriptor 454
55 is described, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded therein is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 1).
7) Described in the format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, L
It is recorded in the 100th logical block from AD (100).

(7) The 100th logical block (the logical block number is 400) is accessed, and the file set descriptor 472 is reproduced. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A 425 is recorded in the root directory ICB 473 is described in a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). Root directory ICB
8) Access the 102nd logical block and make a file entry 475 for the root directory A 425 according to the 473 LAD (102).
Is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].

(9) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is reproduced. File data H432 is in directory D
Directory 428 because it exists under the 428 series.
A file identifier descriptor is searched for the logical block number [FIG. 12 and FIG.
(Not shown), the LAD (110)] is read.

(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)]. . (11) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. Since the file data H432 exists directly under the subdirectory F430, a file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430 is searched for, and a logical block number in which a file entry for the subdirectory F430 is recorded [FIG. 12 and FIG. Although not shown, LAD (112)] is read.

(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113 )].

(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor for the file data H432 is searched. Then, the logical block number [LAD (114) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which the file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read therefrom.

(14) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(15) The data content 489 of the changed file data H432 is recorded in consideration of the logical block number additionally registered in the above (4) or (4 ').

(12F) Specific File Data / Directory Erase Processing Method A method of erasing file data H432 or subdirectory F430 will be described as an example.

(1) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is started or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process, (2) the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced first.

(3) Logical Volume Content Use 4 in Logical Volume Descriptor 454
55 is described, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 1).
7) Described in the format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, L
It is recorded in the 100th logical block from AD (100).

(4) The 100th logical block (the 400th logical sector number) is accessed, and the file set descriptor 472 is reproduced. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). Root directory ICB
According to the LAD (102) of 473, (5) the 102nd logical block is accessed, and the file entry 47 related to the root directory A425 is
5 is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].

(6) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is reproduced. File data H432 is in directory D
Directory 428 because it exists under the 428 series.
A file identifier descriptor is searched for the logical block number [FIG. 12 and FIG.
(Not shown), the LAD (110)] is read.

(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)]. .

(8) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. File data H432 is stored in subdirectory F4.
30 directly below the subdirectory F43
Find the file identifier descriptor for 0.

<< When Deleting Subdirectory F430 >> A "file deletion flag" is set in the file characteristic 422 (FIG. 15) in the file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430.

The logical block number recorded in the file entry relating to the subdirectory F430 [FIG.
And LAD (112)] (not shown in FIG. 13).

(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113 )].

(10) The 113th logical block is accessed, information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor for the file data H432 is searched.

<< In the case of deleting the file data H432 >> The "file deletion flag" is added to the file characteristic 422 (FIG. 15) in the file identifier descriptor for the file data H432.
Stand up.

Further, from there, the file data H432
Logical block number recorded in the file entry regarding the LAD [not shown in FIG. 12 and FIG.
(114)] is read.

(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

<< When erasing file data H432 >> The logical block in which the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is released by the following method (the logical block is registered in an unrecorded state).

(12) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read.
In the partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.

The space table position is described in a short allocation descriptor format in the space table 452 column that is not allocated. FIG.
And AD (50) in the example of FIG. The space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space bitmap 453 that is not allocated. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.

(13) Logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (12) above is described
And rewrite the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of (11) into the space bitmap descriptor 470. Or (13 ′) accesses the logical block number (50) described in the space table read in (12) above, and stores the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of (11) in the space table. rewrite. In actual processing, one of "(13)" and "(13 ')" is performed.

<< When Deleting File Data H432 >> (12) The position where the data content 490 of the file data I433 is recorded is read by following the same procedure as in the above (10) to (11).

(13) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read.
In the partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.

The space table position is described in a short allocation descriptor format in the space table 452 column that is not allocated. FIG.
And AD (50) in the example of FIG. The space bitmap position is described in the space bitmap 453 column that is not allocated in the form of a short allocation descriptor. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.

(14) Logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read earlier in (13) is described
And the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of (11) and (12) is rewritten to the space bitmap descriptor 470. Or (14 ') accessing the logical block number (50) in which the space table read in (13) is described earlier, and obtaining the "logical block number to be released" obtained as a result of (11) and (12). Into the space table. In actual processing, one of "(14)" and "(14 ')" is performed.

(12G) Addition processing of file data / directory An access / addition processing method at the time of adding new file data or a directory under the subdirectory F430 will be described as an example.

(1) When adding file data, the capacity of the file data content to be added is checked, and the value is set to 2
Divide by 048 bytes to calculate the number of logical blocks required to add file data.

(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is started or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no particularly specified boot process, (3) First, the partition descriptor 4 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area
50 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read. In the partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.

The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space table 452 which is not allocated. FIG.
And AD (50) in the example of FIG. The space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space bitmap 453 that is not allocated. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.

(4) Access is made to the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (3) is described. Space Bitmap Descriptor 4
The space bitmap information is read from 70, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (processing for rewriting the information of the space bitmap descriptor 470). Alternatively, (4 ') access the logical block number (50) in which the space table read in (3) above is described.
USE (AD (*), AD (*),
.., AD (*)) 471 to find an unrecorded logical block, and register the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) (space table information rewriting process). In actual processing, one of "(4)" and "(4 ')" is performed.

(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.

(6) The logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 1
7) Described in the format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, L
It is recorded in the 100th logical block from AD (100).

(7) Access the 100th logical block (the logical block number is 400th) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The location (logical block number) where the file entry for the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). Root directory ICB
According to the LAD (102) of 473, (8) the 102nd logical block is accessed, and the file entry 47 relating to the root directory A425 is
5 is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].

(9) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is reproduced. A file identifier descriptor for the directory D428 is searched for, and the logical block number [LAD (110) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13) in which the file entry for the directory D428 is recorded is read.

(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)]. . (11) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. Look for a file identifier descriptor for subdirectory F430, subdirectory F430
Logical block number recorded in the file entry regarding the LAD [not shown in FIG. 12 and FIG.
(112)] is read.

(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113) )].

(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, and the file data to be newly added or the file identifier descriptor of the directory is registered in the information on the contents of the subdirectory F430.

(14) The logical block number position registered in (4) or (4 ') above is accessed, and a file entry relating to newly added file data or directory is recorded.

(15) The logical block number position indicated in the short allocation descriptor in the file entry of (14) is accessed and the file identifier descriptor of the parent directory relating to the directory to be added or the data of the file data to be added Record the content.

FIGS. 21 (a) and 21 (b) illustrate a file position setting method in a conventional method having no unrecorded area in a video file. Consider a case where two PC files and one video file are recorded in a data area 1004 on an information storage medium as shown in FIG. LBN in FIG. 21 means a logical block number (logical block number). When the LBN at the start position of each file is A, F, C, the recording position on the file entry of the PC file is FE (AD) using the notation of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 or FIG.
(A)) and FE (AD (F)). FIG.
In (a), since the video file # 1 is recorded in one place and can be described by one extent, the file entry corresponding to this file is FE (A
D (C)).

Next, consider the case where the LBN in video file # 1 has partially erased the portion from D to E. Since the existence of an unrecorded area in the conventional file is not allowed, FIG.
As described above, the recording position of video file # 1 on the information storage medium is divided into two places. As a result, since the extent describing the allocation (recording position) of the video file is divided into two, the file entry of this video file is FE (AD (C), AD (E)). Since continuous recording and continuous reproduction management of video information are not performed on the UDF, an area where LBN is from D to E is regarded as an unrecorded area at the stage of FIG. 21B, and another file is recorded in this area. Will be allowed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 21C, the PC file # 3 may be recorded there.

Next, if another video information is recorded and used, the LB
N cannot be recorded between D and E, and the LBN far away from video file # 1 is recorded as a separate video file, video file # 2, at the location starting with G. In the case of the conventional method in which an unrecorded area is not allowed in a video file, video files are scattered on an information storage medium as shown in FIG. Continuous playback becomes difficult due to the influence of the head access time. Similarly, the conventional method makes continuous recording difficult.

FIG. 22 illustrates a method of setting a file recording position on an information storage medium when an unrecorded area is allowed in a video file according to the present invention. FIG. 22A matches FIG. 21A. When the LBN partially erases from D to E, the file size of the video file does not change as shown in FIG. 22B since the video file # 1 has an unrecorded area in the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the file entry for the video file is FE
(AD (C)) does not change. Therefore, even when a new PC file is recorded, the PC file does not enter between the video files # 1 as shown in FIG.

Next, when the video information is additionally recorded by recording, the additionally recorded information enters the unrecorded area of LBN from D to E and changes to the additionally recorded area. As described above, according to the method of the present invention, the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 does not need to change the UDF file system information for each partial erasure and additional recording by recording. It will be easier. Furthermore, when video information to be recorded increases, the video file size increases. FIG.
The unrecorded area with the LBN of 2 (c) in the range of B to C is absorbed in the video file # 1. While the extent of the video file in FIG. 22C is one AD (C), the extent of AD (A) is increased by one in FIG. 22D, and the file entry is FE (AD (C)). , AD
(B)).

Next, a detailed structure of the DVD-RAM disk and a defect management method will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 23 is a view for explaining the layout of the schematic recording contents in the DVD-RAM disk.

In other words, the lead-in area 607 on the inner peripheral side of the disk has an embossed data zone 611 having a light reflecting surface having an uneven shape, and a mirror zone 6 having a flat (mirror) surface.
12 and a rewritable rewritable data zone 613
It consists of. The embossed data zone 611 is shown in FIG.
Reference signal zone 6 representing the reference signal as
53 and a control data zone 655, and the mirror zone 612 includes a connection zone 657.

The rewritable data zone 613 includes a disk test zone 659 and a drive test zone 66.
0, a disc identification zone 662 indicating a disc ID (identifier), and defect management areas DMA1 and DMA2663.

The lead-out area 60 on the outer peripheral side of the disc
Reference numeral 9 denotes a defect management area DMA3 and a DMA4 691 as shown in FIG. 25, and a disk identification zone 692 in which a disk ID (identifier) is indicated.
And a rewritable rewritable data zone 645 including a drive test zone 694 and a disk test zone 695.

The data area 608 between the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609 is divided into 24 annual ring-shaped zones 00 620 to 23643. Each zone (Zone) has a constant rotation speed, but the rotation speed differs between different zones. Also,
The number of sectors constituting each zone also differs for each zone. Specifically, the zone on the inner peripheral side of the disk (zone 002
0) has a high rotation speed and a small number of constituent sectors.

On the other hand, the zone on the outer peripheral side of the disk (zone 2
3643) has a low rotation speed and a large number of constituent sectors.
With such a layout, CAV in each zone
, And high-density recording like CLV is realized in the whole zone.

FIGS. 24 and 25 show lead-in area 607 and lead-out area 60 in the layout of FIG.
9 is a diagram for explaining the details of FIG.

[0347] The control data zone 655 of the embossed data zone 611 contains a type of DVD standard (DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-R).
Etc.) and a book version and part version 671 indicating a part version, a disk size and a minimum readout rate 672 indicating a disk size and a minimum read rate, a single-layer ROM disk, and a single-layer RA.
A disk structure 673 indicating a disk structure such as an M disk or a dual-layer ROM disk, a recording density 674 indicating a recording density, a data area allocation 675 indicating a position where data is recorded,
BCA (Burst Cube) in which the serial number of each information storage medium is recorded in a non-rewritable manner on the inner peripheral side of the information storage medium.
(tting area) descriptor 676, velocity 677 indicating a linear velocity condition for specifying an exposure amount at the time of recording,
Read power 6 indicating the exposure amount to the information storage medium during reproduction
78, a peak power 679 indicating a maximum exposure amount to be applied to the information storage medium for forming a recording mark at the time of recording, a bias power 680 indicating a maximum exposure amount to be applied to the information storage medium at the time of erasing, and information 682 relating to manufacturing of the medium Is recorded.

In other words, the control data zone 655 includes information on the entire information storage medium such as physical sector numbers indicating recording start / end positions, recording power, recording pulse width, erasing power, and reproducing power. In addition, information such as linear velocity at the time of recording / erasing, information relating to recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics, and information relating to manufacturing of an information storage medium such as a serial number of each disk are recorded in advance.

The rewritable data zones 613, 6 of the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609
45, a unique disc name recording area (disc identification zone 662,
692), a test recording area (drive test zones 660 and 694 and disc test zones 659 and 695 for confirming recording and erasing conditions), and a management information recording area (DMA1 & DMA26) related to a defective area in the data area.
63, DMA3 & DMA4 691). By using these areas, optimal recording can be performed on individual disks.

FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining details in the data area 608 in the layout of FIG.

The same number of groups are assigned to each of the 24 zones, and each group includes a pair of a user area 723 used for data recording and a spare area 724 used for replacement processing. A pair of the user area 723 and the spare area 724 is separated by guard areas 771 and 772 for each zone. Furthermore, the user area 723 and the spare area 72 of each group
4 belongs to the zone of the same rotation speed, the smaller group number belongs to the high-speed rotation zone, and the larger group number belongs to the low-speed rotation zone. The low-speed rotation zone group has a larger number of sectors than the high-speed rotation zone group, but the low-speed rotation zone has a larger rotation radius of the disk, so that the physical recording density on the disk is almost the same for the entire zone (all groups). Become uniform.

In each group, the user area 723 is arranged on the smaller sector number (that is, the inner circumference side on the disk), and the spare area 724 is arranged on the larger sector number (the outer circumference side on the disk).

Next, a recording signal structure of information recorded on a DVD-RAM disk as an information storage medium and a method of creating the recording signal structure will be described. The information itself recorded on the medium is called "information", and the structure or expression after scrambling or modulating the same information, that is, "1" after the signal form is converted.
The connection between the states “〜” and “0” is expressed as “signal”, and the two are appropriately distinguished.

FIG. 27 is a view for explaining the internal structure of a sector included in the data area shown in FIG. 27-1
Sector 501a corresponds to one of the sector numbers in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 28, it has a size of 2048 bytes. Although each sector is not shown, an information storage medium (DVD-RA
Starting from headers 573 and 574 previously recorded on the recording surface of the M disk with an uneven structure such as embossing, synchronization codes 575 and 576 and modulated signals 577 and 578 are alternately included.

Next, E on the DVD-RAM disk
The CC block processing method will be described.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a recording unit of information (EC of Error Correction Code) included in the data area 608 of FIG.
FIG.

An FAT (File Allocat) often used in a file system of an information storage medium (a hard disk HDD, a magneto-optical disk MO, etc.) for a personal computer.
In the ionTable), information is recorded on the information storage medium using 256 bytes or 512 bytes as a minimum unit.

On the other hand, CD-ROM and DVD-RO
For information storage media such as M, DVD-RAM, etc., the above-mentioned UDF (Universal Disk Format) is used as a file system.
) Is used, and information is recorded on the information storage medium in the minimum unit of 2048 bytes. This minimum unit is called a sector. That is, for an information storage medium using UDF, as shown in FIG.
Record 8 bytes of information.

Since a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM is handled with a bare disk without using a cartridge, the surface of the information storage medium is easily scratched by the user or dust is easily attached to the surface. There is a case where a specific sector (for example, the sector 501c in FIG. 28) cannot be reproduced (or cannot be recorded) due to dust or scratches on the surface of the information storage medium.

In the DVD, an error correction method (ECC using a product code) considering such a situation is adopted. Specifically, 16 sectors (in FIG. 28, 16 sectors from sector 501a to sector 501p)
One ECC (Error Correction Code) block 5
02, which has a powerful error correction function. As a result, even if an error occurs in the ECC block 502 such that the sector 501c cannot be reproduced, the error is corrected and all the information in the ECC block 502 can be correctly reproduced.

FIG. 29 is a view for explaining the relationship between zones and groups (see FIG. 26) in the data area 608 of FIG.

Each zone 00 620 to zone 2 in FIG.
Numeral 3643 is physically arranged on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk.
And the data area 608 as described in FIG.
The physical sector number (starting physical sector number 701) of the first physical sector of the user area 00 705 in the
00h (h: meaning of hexadecimal notation) is set.

Further, the physical sector number increases toward the outer peripheral side 704, and the user area 00705, 0170
6,23 707, spare area 00 708,01
709, 23 710, guard areas 711, 712,
Regardless of 713, consecutive numbers are assigned. Therefore, continuity is maintained in the physical sector numbers across the zones 620 to 643.

On the other hand, user areas 705 and 70
Guard areas 711, 712, and 713 are inserted and arranged between groups 714, 715, and 716, which are pairs of spare areas 708, 709, and 710, respectively. Therefore, each group 714, 71
Physical sector numbers straddling 5,716 have discontinuities as shown in FIG.

A DVD-RAM disk having the configuration shown in FIG. 29 is used as an information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) shown in FIG.
When the optical head 202 is used in the information recording / reproducing apparatus having the above-mentioned structure, the optical head 202 can perform the process of switching the rotation speed of the DVD-RAM disk while passing through the guard areas 711, 712, 713. For example, when the optical head 202 seeks from the group 00 714 to the group 01 715, the DVD-RAM is passed through the guard area 711.
The rotation speed of the disk is switched.

FIG. 30 is a view for explaining a method of setting a logical sector number in the data area 608 of FIG. The minimum unit of the logical sector matches the minimum unit of the physical sector, and 2
It is in units of 048 bytes. Each logical sector is assigned to a corresponding physical sector position according to the following rules.

Since the guard areas 711, 712, and 713 are physically provided on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk as shown in FIG.
Although the discontinuity occurs in the physical sector numbers over 5,716, the logical sector numbers are in each group 00 714,
A setting method is adopted in which a continuous connection is made at a position straddling 01 715, 23 716.

The group 00 714, 01 715
23716 are arranged such that the smaller group number (smaller physical sector number) is arranged on the inner circumference side (lead-in area 607 side) of the DVD-RAM disk, and the larger group number (physical sector number is smaller). The larger one) is D
Outer side of VD-RAM disk (lead-out area 6
09 side).

If there is no defect on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk in this arrangement, each logical sector is allocated to all physical sectors in the user areas 00 705 to 23 707 in FIG. The logical sector number of the sector at the position of the starting physical sector number 701 where the physical sector number is 031000h is set to 0h (FIG. 2).
6 logical sector number 774 of the first sector in each group
Section). As described above, when there is no defect on the recording surface, a logical sector number is not set in advance for each sector in the spare areas 00 708 to 23 710.

[0370] Defective sectors are stored in the user areas 00 705 to 23 707 at the time of Certify processing, which is processing for detecting a defect position on the recording surface, which is performed before recording on the DVD-RAM disk, during reproduction, or during recording. If found, as a result of the replacement process, the spare areas 00 708 to 2371 are replaced by the number of sectors for which the replacement process has been performed.
A logical sector number is set for the corresponding sector in 0.

Next, several methods for processing a defect generated in the user area will be described. Before that, a defect management area (DMA1 to DM in FIG. 24 or FIG.
A4663, 691) and related matters will be described.

[Defect Management Area] Defect Management Area (DM
A1 to DMA4 663, 691) include data area configuration and defect management information, and are composed of, for example, 32 sectors. Two defect management areas (DMA1,
DMA2 663) is located in the lead-in area 607 of the DVD-RAM disc, and the other two defect management areas (DMA3, DMA4 691) are DVD-RAM.
It is arranged in the lead-out area 609 of the disc.
Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 69
After 1), a spare sector (spare sector) is appropriately added.

Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4
663, 691) are divided into two blocks.
Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 69
In the first block of 1), a definition information structure (DDS; Disk Definition Structure) of the DVD-RAM disk is provided.
And Primary Defect List (PDL)
) Is included. Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA
4 663, 691) includes a secondary defect list (SDL). Four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA466)
3, 691) have the same contents, and the four primary defect lists (SDL) have the same contents.
DL) have the same contents.

The four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA
4 663, 691) Four Definition Information Structures (DDS)
Have basically the same contents, but the pointers to the PDL and SDL of each of the four defect management areas have individual contents.

Here, the DDS / PDL block is the DDS
And the first block containing PDL. Also,
The SDL block means a second block including the SDL.

Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663,6) after initializing the DVD-RAM disk
The contents of (91) are as follows: (1) The first sector of each DDS / PDL block is DD
S is included.

(2) The second sector of each DDS / PDL block contains PDL.

(3) The first sector of each SDL block contains the SDL.

The block lengths of the primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are determined by the number of each entry. Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4
Unused sectors (663, 691) are overwritten with data 0FFh. All spare sectors are overwritten with 00h.

[Disk definition information] Definition information structure DDS
Consists of a table having a length of one sector. This DDS
Has contents for defining a disk initialization method and start addresses of PDL and SDL. When the initialization of the disc is completed, the DDS sets each defect management area (DMA).
Is recorded in the first sector.

[Spare Sector] A defective sector in each data area 608 is determined according to a predetermined defect management method (verification, which will be described later,
Normal sectors are replaced (replaced) by slipping replacement, skipping replacement, and linear replacement. The position of the spare sector for this replacement is included in the spare area of each group of spare areas 00 708 to 23 710 shown in FIG. The physical sector numbers in each spare area are described in the column of spare area 724 in FIG.

A DVD-RAM disk can be initialized before use, but this initialization can be performed regardless of whether or not verification has been performed.

[0383] The defective sector is subjected to the slipping replacement process (Sl
The processing is performed by a skipping replacement algorithm, a skipping replacement algorithm, or a linear replacement algorithm. By these processes (Algorithm), the PDL
And the total number of entries listed in the SDL is a predetermined number, for example, 4092 or less.

[Initialization / Certify] Before recording user information in the data area 608 of the DVD-RAM disk, an initialization process is performed to inspect (Certify) the defect status of all sectors in the data area 608. Many. Defective sectors found in the initialization stage are specified, and defective sectors in the user area 723 are interpolated by spare sectors in the spare area 724 by slipping replacement processing or linear replacement processing according to the number of continuous defective sectors. If the spare sector in the zone of the DVD-RAM disk is used up during the certification,
The VD-RAM disc is determined to be defective, and the DVD
-A RAM disk shall not be used.

[0385] All the parameters of the definition information structure DDS are recorded in four DDS sectors. The primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are recorded in four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4663, 691). In the first initialization, the update counter in the SDL is set to 00h, and all the reserved blocks are set to 0.
It is overwritten at 0h.

When the disc is used for storing data in a computer, the above-mentioned initialization and Certify are performed. When the disc is used for video recording, the above-mentioned initialization and Ceertify are performed.
Even without rtify, you could record video right away.

FIG. 31B shows the data area 60 of FIG.
8 (Slipping Replacement)
FIG.

Immediately after the DVD-RAM disc is manufactured (when no user information has been recorded on the disc) or when the user information is recorded first (instead of overwriting and recording on the already recorded location) In the case where information is first recorded in an unrecorded area), this slipping replacement processing is applied as a defect processing method.

That is, the found defective data sector (for example, m defective sectors 731) is the first normal sector (user area 723) following the defective sector.
The replacement (or replacement) is used in b) (replacement processing 73).
4). As a result, slipping (migration backward of the logical sector number) of m sectors occurs toward the end of the corresponding group.

Similarly, thereafter, n defective sectors 732 are set.
Is found, the defective sector is used alternately with the succeeding normal sector (user area 723c), and the set position of the logical sector number is shifted backward. As a result of the replacement process, a logical sector number is set to m + n sectors 737 from the beginning in the spare area 724, and the spare area 724 becomes a user information recordable area. As a result, the unused area 726 in the spare area 724 is reduced by m + n sectors.

At this time, the address of the defective sector is written in the primary defect list (PDL), and the recording of the user information of the defective sector is prohibited. If no defective sector is found during certification, nothing is written to the PDL. Similarly, if a defective sector is found in the recording use area 743 in the spare area 724, the address of the spare sector is written to the PDL.

As a result of the above-described slipping replacement processing, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective sectors and the recording use area 743 in the spare area 724 become the information recording use part (logical sector number setting area 735) of the group. Consecutive logical sector numbers are assigned to the parts.

FIG. 31C shows the data area 6 in FIG.
FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a skipping replacement algorithm, which is another replacement process in 08.

The skipping replacement processing is a processing method suitable for defect processing when it is necessary to continuously (seamlessly) record user information such as video information and audio information without interruption. This skipping replacement process is executed in units of 16 sectors, that is, in units of ECC blocks (in units of 32 kbytes since one sector is 2 kbytes).

For example, if one defective ECC block 741 is found after the user area 723a composed of normal ECC blocks, this defective ECC block 7
The data to be recorded in 41 is recorded instead of the ECC block in the normal user area 723b immediately after (alternate processing 744). Similarly, k consecutive defect ECCs
If the block 742 is found, the data to be recorded in these defective blocks 742 is recorded instead of the k ECC blocks in the normal user area 723c immediately after.

Thus, when 1 + k defective ECC blocks are found in the user area of the corresponding group,
The (1 + k) ECC blocks are shifted into the area of the spare area 724, and the extended area 743 used for information recording in the spare area 724 becomes a user information recordable area, where a logical sector number is set. As a result, the unused area 746 of the spare area 724 becomes (1 + k) ECC
The number of blocks is reduced by blocks, and the remaining unused area 746 is reduced.

As a result of the replacement process, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective ECC block and the extension area 743 used for information recording become an information recording use part (logical sector number setting area) in the group. As a method of setting the logical sector number at this time, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective ECC block are large in that the logical sector numbers allocated in advance during the initial setting (before the replacement processing) are kept unchanged. There are features.

As a result, the logical sector number previously assigned to each physical sector in the defective ECC block 741 at the time of initial setting is moved to the first physical sector in the extension area 743 used for information recording as it is and set. Is done. Further, the logical sector number assigned at the time of initialization for each physical sector in the k consecutive defect ECC blocks 742 is translated as it is, and the extended area 74 used for information recording is used.
3 is set for each corresponding physical sector.

In this skipping replacement processing method, the DVD
-Even if the RAM disk has not been certified in advance, a replacement process can be immediately executed for a defective sector found during recording of user information.

FIG. 31D shows the data area 60 in FIG.
8 is a linear replacement process (Li
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining near Replacement Algorithm).

This linear replacement process is also executed in units of 16 sectors, that is, in units of ECC blocks (in units of 32 kbytes).

In the linear replacement process, the defective ECC block 751 is replaced (replaced) with the first available normal spare block (first replacement recording location 753 in the spare area 724) in the corresponding group (replacement process 758). . In the case of this replacement processing, the user information to be recorded on the defective ECC block 751 is not changed to the spare area 72.
4 and the logical sector number setting position is also moved to the replacement recording location 753 as it is. Similarly, k continuous defect ECC blocks 75
In the spare area 724, the user information and the logical sector number setting position to be recorded for the second
Move to 4.

In the case of the linear replacement process and the skipping replacement process, the address of the defective block and the address of the final replacement (replacement) block are written to the SDL. When the replacement block listed in the SDL is later determined to be a defective block, the replacement block is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In the direct pointer method, the address of the replacement block is changed from the address of the defective block to the new address, thereby correcting the entry in the SDL in which the replaced defective block is registered. When updating the secondary defect list SDL, the update counter in the SDL is incremented by one.

[Write Processing] When writing data to a certain group of sectors, defective sectors listed in the primary defect list (PDL) are skipped. Then, the data to be written to the defective sector is written to the next data sector according to the above-described slipping replacement process. If the block to be written is a secondary defect list (SD
If it is listed in L), the data to be written to the block is written to the spare block specified by the SDL according to the above-described linear replacement processing or skipping replacement processing.

In a personal computer environment, linear replacement processing is used when recording a personal computer file, and skipping replacement processing is used when recording an AV file.

[Primary Defect List; PDL] The primary defect list (PDL) is always recorded on a DVD-RAM disc, but its contents may be empty.

[0407] The PDL includes the addresses of all the defective sectors specified at the time of initialization. These addresses are listed in ascending order. The PDL is recorded with a necessary minimum number of sectors. The PDL then starts from the first user byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the PDL are set to 0FFh. The following information is written in this PDL.

Byte position PDL content 0 00h; PDL identifier 101h; PDL identifier 2 Number of addresses in PDL; MSB 3 Number of addresses in PDL; LSB 4 Address of first defective sector (sector number; MSB) 5 First Address of defective sector (sector number) 6 Address of first defective sector (sector number) 7 Address of first defective sector (sector number; LSB) :: x-3 Address of last defective sector (sector number; MSB) x -2 Address of the last defective sector (sector number) x-1 Address of the last defective sector (sector number) x Address of the last defective sector (sector number; LSB) * Note: The second and third bytes are 00h. , The third byte is at the end of the PDL.

In the case of a primary defect list (PDL) for a multi-sector, the address list of the defective sector is
It follows the first byte of the second and subsequent succeeding sectors. That is, the PDL identifier and the number of PDL addresses are
Only present in the first sector. If the PDL is empty, the second
The byte and the third byte are set to 00h, and the fourth to 2047th bytes are set to FFh.
Unused sectors in the DDS / PDL block include:
FFh is written.

[Secondary Defect List; SDL] A secondary defect list (SDL) is generated in the initialization stage and used after certification. All disks have S during initialization.
DL is recorded.

[0411] The SDL includes a plurality of entries in the form of the address of a defective data block and the address of a spare block that replaces the defective block. Eight bytes are allocated to each entry in the SDL. That is, four bytes are allocated to the address of the defective block, and the remaining four bytes are allocated to the address of the replacement block.

The address list contains the first address of the defective block and its replacement block. The addresses of defective blocks are assigned in ascending order.

[0413] The SDL is recorded with the minimum necessary number of sectors, and the SDL starts from the first user data byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the SDL are set to 0FFh. Subsequent information is recorded in each of the four SDLs.

When the replacement block listed in the SDL is later determined to be a defective block, the replacement block is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In the direct pointer method, the address of the replacement block is changed from the address of the defective block to the new address, thereby correcting the entry in the SDL in which the replaced defective block is registered. At that time, the number of entries in the SDL is
It is not changed by the degraded sector.

[0415] The following information is written in this SDL.

Byte position SDL contents 0 (00); SDL identifier 1 (02); SDL identifier 2 (00) 3 (01) 4 Update counter; MSB 5 Update counter 6 Update counter 7 Update counter; LSB 8-26 Reserved (00h) 27-29 Flag indicating that all spare sectors in the zone have been used up 30 Number of entries in SDL; MSB 31 Number of entries in SDL; LSB 32 Address of first defective block (sector number; MSB) 33 First defect Block address (sector number) 34 Address of first defective block (sector number) 35 Address of first defective block (sector number; LSB) 36 Address of first replacement block (sector number; MSB) 37 Address of first replacement block Address (sector number) 38 First replacement Block address (sector number) 39 Address of first replacement block (sector number; LSB):: y-7 Address of last defective block (sector number; MSB) y-6 Address of last defective block (sector number) y-5 Address of the last defective block (sector number) y-4 Address of the last defective block (sector number; LSB) y-3 Address of the last replacement block (sector number; MSB) y-2 Last replacement block (Sector number) y-1 Address of the last replacement block (sector number) y Address of the last replacement block (sector number; LSB) * Note: Each entry of the 30th to 31st bytes is 8 bytes long.

In the case of a secondary defect list (SDL) for a multi-sector, the address list of a defective block and a replacement block follows the first byte of the second and subsequent succeeding sectors. That is, the 0th byte to the 31st byte of the contents of the SDL exist only in the first sector. FFh is written to an unused sector in the SDL block.

FIG. 32 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the setting operation of the logical block number for a DVD-RAM disk or the like.

[0419] When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is loaded on the rotary table 221 in Fig. 11 (step ST).
131), the control unit 220 starts the rotation of the spindle motor 204 (step ST132).

[0420] After the rotation of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is started, laser emission of the optical head 202 is started (step ST133), and the focus servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on (step ST134).

After the laser emission, the control unit 220 operates the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 to move the optical head 202 to the lead-in area 607 of the rotating information storage medium (optical disk) 201 (step ST1).
35). Then, the track servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on (step ST13).
6).

When the track servo is activated, the optical head 202 reproduces information in the control data zone 655 (see FIG. 24) in the lead-in area 607 of the information storage medium (optical disc) 201 (step ST).
137). By reproducing the book type and part version 671 in the control data zone 655, the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 that is currently rotationally driven is a recordable medium (DVD-RAM disk or DVD-R disk). Is confirmed (step ST138). Here, the information recording medium 201 is D
It is assumed that the disk is a VD-RAM disk.

When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is a DV
If it is confirmed that the disc is a D-RAM disc, information on the optimum light amount (emission power and emission period or duty ratio of the semiconductor laser) at the time of reproduction / recording / erasing is reproduced from the control data zone 655 to be reproduced. (Step ST139).

Subsequently, the control section 220 determines that the DVD-RAM disk 201 currently being rotated is free from defects and converts the physical sector number into the logical sector number (see FIG. 2).
6) (step ST140).

After the conversion table is created, the control unit 22
0 is a defect management area DMA1 / DMA26 in the lead-in area 607 of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201.
63 and the defect management areas DMA3 / DMA4691 in the lead-out area 609 are reproduced, and the defect distribution of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 at that time is examined (step ST141).

When the defect distribution on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is found by the defect distribution investigation, the control unit 220
Corrects the conversion table created as “no defect” in step ST140 according to the actual defect distribution (step ST142). Specifically, the logical sector number LSN corresponding to the physical sector number PSN is shifted in each of the sectors determined to be defective.

FIG. 33 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a defect processing operation (processing on the drive side) in a DVD-RAM disk or the like. Hereinafter, the flowchart of FIG. 33 will be described with reference to FIG.

First, for example, for the MPU in the control unit 220, the head logical block number LBN of the information to be recorded on the information recording medium (eg, DVD-RAM disk) 201 currently loaded in the drive and the file size of the recording information Is specified (step ST151).

Then, the MPU of the control unit 220
And the top logical block number L specified using FIG.
The head logical sector number LSN of the information to be recorded is calculated from the BN (step ST152). The logical sector number to be written to the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is determined from the head logical sector number LSN thus calculated and the designated file size.

Next, the MPU of the control unit 220 is a DVD-RA
The recording information file is written to the designated address of the M disk 201, and a defect on the disk 201 is checked (step ST153).

If no defect is detected during the writing of the file, it means that the recording information file has been recorded in the predetermined logical sector number without abnormality (that is, without occurrence of an error), and the recording process has been completed normally. Yes (step ST15
5).

On the other hand, if a defect is detected while writing the file, a predetermined replacement process (for example, a linear replacement algorithm in FIG. 31D) is executed (step ST156).

[0433] After this replacement process, the newly detected defect is the DMA1 / DMA in the lead-in area 607 of the disk.
2 663 and DMA3 of the lead-out area 609
/ DMA4 691 (see FIGS. 24 and 25)
(Step ST157). After additionally registering DMA1 / DMA2 663 and DMA3 / DMA4 691 in the information storage medium (optical disc) 201,
1 / DMA2 663 and DMA3 / DMA4 69
1 based on the registered contents of step ST140 in FIG.
The contents of the conversion table created in (1) are corrected (step ST1).
58).

At the time of recording a video file of the present invention, when a defect occurs, the skipping replacement method shown in FIG. 31C is adopted.

In the video file of the present invention, a unique “A”
The V address is used. The method of setting the AV address is as follows: A logical block of 2048 kbytes or a physical sector size is set.

The address ascending order is set in the order of the allocation descriptor description in the file entry corresponding to the video file. In the example of FIG.
However, the value of the AV address increases in the order of C, D, E, and B.

The LBN reset to the spare area by the skipping replacement is not included in the AV address,
For the BN portion, a continuous AV address is set by skipping. Recording is performed only in sectors (logical blocks) having no defect in the user area 723 (FIG. 26), and all AV addresses are consecutive numbers.

The setting is made in accordance with the rule of

Information about each cell shown in FIG. 9 is shown in FIG.
The content is recorded in the cell time control information 1104 as shown in FIG.
As shown in (g): Cell time information # 1 1113 to #m
1115: Information on each of the cells 1121 to 1124.

• Cell time search information 1
112... Map information indicating the description position (AV address) of the cell time information corresponding to the specified cell ID when specified.

Cell time control general information 1111: Information relating to the entire cell information.

The cell time information is divided into cell time general information #m 1116 and cell VOBU table #m 1117, respectively.
have.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the data structure in cell time information. The recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VO) shown in FIG.
B) (this video data corresponds to the recorded content of the video object 1012 in FIG. 1D) and the cell time control general information 1111 indicating the recording position of each cell 84 shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. The indicated recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL)
L. IFO) (This information is the same as the data in the control information 1011 in FIG. 1D)
LBN (logical block number) information 2011-201 of the place where the cell time information is recorded above
3 includes a cell time search information 1112 recorded as a group.

[0444] In the cell time control general information 1111, the above-described AV
It is described using an address. As the position information of each cell, in FIG.
4, 2006 and their data sizes 2003, 20
8 are described, whereas in the other example of FIG. 8, AV addresses 2023, 2025, and 2027 at the end position are described instead of the data size.

[0445] The recording / reproduction video management data (RW
VIDEO_CONTROL. FIG. 34 shows the contents of the cell time information recorded in the IFO (this information is the same as the data in the control information 1011 in FIG. 1D). The cell time general information 1116 indicates general information on each cell. Reproduction speed 2 for each cell
No. 033 is recorded, and variable speed reproduction such as reproduction of only the CM portion at high speed is possible.

[0446] A password 2034 and a permission 2035 can be recorded for each cell, so that security and parental lock can be set. The permission setting contents applied to each cell are as shown in FIG. U like "trash can" on PC
As the erasing level that can be restored by the NDO, erasing designation information 2036 by the user and erasing / overwriting priority rank information 2037 indicating the priority of erasing automatically according to the remaining amount at the time of recording can be set.

The time code according to the present invention corresponds to cell V in FIG.
The OBU table 1117 is used. That is, the number of video frames 2042, 2044, 2046 included in the cell
And data size (number of used sectors) 204 for each VOBU
1, 2043, and 2045. By using this notation method, a time code can be recorded with a very small amount of information. Hereinafter, an access method using the time code will be described.

[0448] 1. The cell which the user wants to access and its time are specified.

[0449] 2. The MPU of the microcomputer block 30 shown in FIG. 10 calculates the video frame number from the cell start position of the corresponding video frame from the designated time.

[0450] 3. The MPU sequentially accumulates the number of video frames 2042 to 2046 for each VOBU from the head of the cell shown in FIG. 34, and the video frame specified by the user corresponds to the video frame of what VOBU from the head. Or find out.

[0451] 4. The recording position of all data in the cell on the information storage medium is determined from the cell time control general information 1111 in FIG. 7 or FIG.

Referring to FIG. 35, the detailed structure of the data in the video file and the additional recording method by partial erasure and video recording according to the present invention will be described. VO in video file
A unit continuously recorded on the information storage medium for B is represented by an extent, similarly to UDF. FIG.
In (a), each of VOB # 1 and VOB # 2 has one extent (extent #a and extent #
b).

In FIG. 35 (a), the cell D is deleted from the PGC information shown in FIG. 9 (b) since it has been designated to be deleted by the user as in the case of the trash box file of the PC, so that the user can see it during reproduction. Absent. However, there is a possibility that the user can re-register the information in the PGC information shown in FIG.

When the user designates partial complete erasure for the first part in the cell B in FIG. 35A, the MPU in FIG. From what number of seconds to what number of seconds is completely erased), the cell VOBU table 1117 in FIG. 34 is used to determine which VOBU the corresponding time range corresponds to.

Next, VOB including the boundary time of complete erasure
U [In FIG. 35 (a), the fourth VO from the beginning in cell B
BU) is excluded from the complete erasure target. With this method, the MPU in FIG. 10 determines a VOBU to be completely erased, and erases the corresponding portion as shown in FIG.

Next, when the user receives information from the user that he / she wants to record video information of a very large size, FIG.
MPU maps all AV addresses in the video file, and deletes the already recorded AV addresses from the VOB position information in FIG. The address of the unrecorded area is searched for from the remaining AV address part. The sizes of all the unrecorded areas are totaled and compared with the additionally recorded video information size specified in advance by the user.

If the size of the entire unrecorded area is not enough, the erase designated area is completely erased as shown in FIG. If the size is still insufficient, the erase / overwrite priority rank information 2037 is read from the cell time general information 1116 in FIG. 34, and the MPU in FIG.
As a result, as shown in FIG.
The data of B # 3 is filled. In FIG. 35D, the cell E
Are recorded separately in two places. In FIG. 35D, the data of VOB # 3 is recorded in three extents (extent #c, extent #d, and extent #e).

FIG. 36 shows the data structure in VOB control information 1106 shown in FIG. It is mainly composed of information indicating the relationship between VOB position information and cell information belonging to each VOB. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, one VOB can be distributed and arranged at a plurality of locations in a video file. A unit that is continuously recorded in a video file in a VOB is represented by an extent as in the UDF. Since the AV address size in the video file is known in advance, by deleting the position information of all the VOBs in FIG. 36 from the mapping of all the AV addresses, the remaining AV address portion becomes the address of the unrecorded area in the video file. It turns out that it is.

[0459] Various operations in the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording and reproducing apparatus shown in Fig. 10 will be described.

Processing when user accidentally erases recording / playback video data When an information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is mounted, the information recording / playback unit 32 causes the recording / playback video management data (RWVID
EO_CONTROL. IFO). afterwards,
Recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJEC) on the assumption that the user erases the recording / playback video data by mistake.
T. VOB), still image data (RWPICTURE_O
BJECT. POB), thumbnail image data (RWT
HUMBNAIL_OBJECT. POB) and audio data (RWAUDIO_OBJECT.AOB). If any data is missing, a comment stating "No specific file is found" is displayed on the DVD video recorder display section 48.

* Initial video file size setting method For the first time, a new information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is mounted, and the recording / reproduction video management data (R
WVIDEO_CONTROL. IFO).
The MPU uses the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJE).
CT. When the user knows that it has not been created yet, the DVD video recorder display section 48 displays an inquiry asking "Create a recordable area from now on. How long can you record by default?" Get the answer. The video file size is automatically calculated from the response result from the user, and recorded / reproduced video data (RWVIDEO_O
BJECT. VOB) file.

Performing address conversion between LBN and AV address using DMA information Next, when a DVD-RAM is used as the information storage medium, the DMA area is read and the address conversion between LBN and AV address is performed. . The means for reading defect position information from the information storage medium means the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG.
The conversion means for converting between the logical address and the AV address from the defect position information obtained by the means for reading the defect position information corresponds to the MPU in FIG.

○ U according to video file size change
Linkage between DF and AV address As shown in FIG. 22 (d), while recording is repeated, a file size may need to be changed for the initially set video file size. The MPU in FIG. 10 calculates the change information on the UDF as a means for creating the file system change information in accordance with the change in the video file size. Then, the result is recorded on the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) by the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. At the same time, the MPU is also responsible for creating change information of the AV address setting state in the video file in accordance with the file system change information, and the result is recorded in the information recording / reproducing unit 3.
2 to the recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CON) shown in FIG. 2 on the information storage medium (optical disc 1001).
TROL. IFO).

○ Cells associated with video file size change /
Replacing VOB address The MPU of FIG. 10 is also responsible for creating file system change information according to the change in video file size.
A means for changing (rewriting) at least a part of the address information in which the cell recorded on the information storage medium or the address information in which the VOB is recorded in accordance with the file system change information corresponds to the information recording / reproducing unit 32. I do.

Calculating the Unrecorded Position on the Disk from the Address Arrangement Information of Cell or VOB This operation is as mentioned in the description of FIG. The means for reading the information of the set of the start address and the cell size or the set of the start address and the last address of each VOB or each cell from the information storage medium indicates the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. The means for extracting the address of the unrecorded area in the video file from the address information of the VOB or the address information of each cell means an MPU.

[0466] Permission processing execution information is recorded in file units in accordance with the permission setting in units of cells or VOBs. It is possible to read the information recorded in the file by a reproduction operation, and to have at least video information. A video file and a management file having management information relating to a reproduction control method of video information recorded in the video file are recorded, and the video information in the video file has a unit of a cell unit or a VOB unit, and The means for reproducing the permission information from the information storage medium with respect to the information storage medium in which the permission setting information is recorded on the management file in units of cells or VOBs corresponds to the information recording / reproducing unit 32. Table for controlling playback video display based on The indication control means is also M
PU is responsible. The recording / erasing means for controlling the recording / erasing of the video based on the reproduced permission information also indicates the MPU.

The cell or V based on the VOBU unit
OB resizing When the video information in the video file is partially erased, a first cell or VOB related to the video portion to be erased is determined.
The MPU of FIG. 10 performs the determination of the cell or VOB extracted by the first determination unit (MPU) using the cell VOBU table 1117 of FIG.
Are determined. Further, the MPU determines the VOBU corresponding to the video portion to be erased, and determines that the boundary position of the video portion to be erased is (the corresponding VOBU)
VOBU that matches the center position of the VOBU to be erased
From the cell or VOB determined by the first determining means (MPU), the second determining means (M
PU), the first determining means (MP) for removing the VOBU to be erased determined by the third determining means (MPU) from the VOBUs constituting the cells or VOBs determined by the third determining means (MPU).
U) and recording means for changing and recording the VOBU information constituting the cell or VOB based on the result of the first determination means (MPU) to change and record the recording / reproduction video management data in FIG.
Corresponds to the information recording / reproducing unit 32.

[0468]

According to the present invention, since only one video file that can be recorded and played back on the information storage medium is used, if a user accidentally deletes a video file, an abnormality occurs at the start of playback (or before the start of playback). It is possible to notify the user. If the existence of a plurality of video files is permitted as in a conventional DVD video disc,
If the user accidentally erased the video files,
The information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus starts reproduction without noticing the fact, and displays an error only in the order in which the erased video file is reproduced,
This is a source of confusion for the user. According to the present invention, the above adverse effects can be eliminated.

[0469] The information reproducing apparatus and the information recording / reproducing apparatus are the only video files whose file names are designated during recording / reproducing of video information (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.
(VOB) only, the user erroneously (RW
Even if a similar video file is arranged (under the V_TS subdirectory), the information reproducing apparatus and the information recording / reproducing apparatus ignore the file, so that a large influence can be avoided.

[0470] The number of video files that can be recorded and reproduced on the information storage medium is reduced to one, and a single P is set so that all video information recorded in the video file can be sequentially reproduced.
Setting by GC makes it easier for a user who is familiar with the method of recording on one tape like a VTR to use. It becomes easy to display all video information recorded by the above method as a continuous connection like one tape. In addition, the above method allows the user to treat a specific location on a single tape as if it were recording, erasing, or playing back. When the partial erasure is performed, the process of changing the erasure location to the unrecorded area without reducing the video file size, and (b) adding additional data to the unrecorded area in the file without changing the entire file size Recording.

Therefore, it is not necessary to change the video file size every time partial deletion of video information or addition of video information is performed.
When it is not necessary to change the video file size, the information in the video file that does not change remains unchanged (no re-recording is performed). Rewriting becomes possible.

When changing the contents of a video file having an enormous file size, compared to the conventional method in which the entire file is re-recorded, the information of only the changed portion in the video file according to the present invention is rewritten to the information storage medium. Data change time is greatly reduced.

[0473] Having a non-recorded area in the video file and having the reproduction order information (PGC) of all the reproducible video information in the video file enables the file system (UD).
The application software processing the video file can set the video information recording location in the video file without depending on F). As a result, the video information recording location can be set according to the reproduction order information (PGC), and continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information can be facilitated.

The setting of the recording location [recording address: LBN (Logical Block Number)] of each file on the information storage medium is left to a file system such as UDF or FAT. However, since only information of the file name and the file size is given to the UDF or FAT, the recording position of the given file size is sequentially applied to the free area on the information storage medium.

That is, since PCG information is not given to UDF or FAT, it is not possible to set a recording location suitable for continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information. By having an unrecorded area in the video file, it is not necessary to change the video file size when a small amount of video information is added or partially deleted. As a result, on a file system such as UDF or FAT, a small amount of video information is not added or the recording location (recording address) of the video file is not changed at the time of partial erasure. It can be managed by the application software processing the video file (the application software causes the file system such as UDF to specify the LBN of the location to be partially erased or rewritten and perform the partial rewriting process). Since the application software knows the reproduction order information (PGC) of all reproducible video information in the video file,
An address at which continuous recording and continuous reproduction can be performed in accordance with the GC information can be designated.

[0476] Only one video file can be recorded on the information storage medium, and an unrecorded area can be defined in the video file. As a result, a video file having video information recorded on the same information storage medium can be recorded. Even if computer files containing general computer data are mixedly recorded, video information can be concentratedly recorded at a specific location on the information storage medium, and continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information can be facilitated.

That is, consider a case where a video file and a computer file are mixedly recorded on the same information storage medium. Address indicating the recording location of the computer file on the information storage medium (LBN: Logical Block Number)
r) is set on a file system such as UDF, and as a result, computer files may be widely scattered on the information storage medium.

[0478] When a video file is recorded thereafter,
There is a case where a video file is file-entry as a group of a plurality of extents that are sewn between scattered computer files and are located far apart from each other. Furthermore, in the case of the conventional file structure having no unrecorded area in the file, the video file size changes each time partial deletion or addition of video information in the file is performed,
Each time, the allocation indicating the recording location on the information storage medium (the extent distribution situation where the video file is recorded) changes.

[0479] For example, a very large video file that is localized at one place on the information storage medium (a continuous address is allocated to the allocation descriptor of the file entry of this video file) is first created by long-time recording. Then, when the intermediate portion of the recorded video information is erased, and when there is no unrecorded area in the file as in the prior art, as a result of this partial erasure, the allocation of the video file becomes 2 on the information storage medium. It is divided into two places.

After that, PC data may be recorded in the deleted portion. If the PC file is recorded at this location and the video file size is further expanded by the recording process, it is necessary to record the information on the information storage medium at a position farther away from the recording area of the existing video file. If one video file is scattered at a position distant from the information storage medium in this way, continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information will be hindered.

By securing an unrecorded area in the same video file as in the present invention, the recording position of the video file on the information storage medium is not dispersed even if partial erasure and additional recording are repeated. Continuous recording and continuous reproduction of information are facilitated.

Since the information of the start address and the size of each cell or VOB is recorded on the information storage medium, the arrangement distribution of the cells (or VOBs) in the video file can be detected at high speed. The location of the unrecorded area in the video file can be detected immediately.

Therefore, the management data (RWVID in FIG. 2)
EO_CONTROL. (IFO), a non-recorded location in the video file is detected, and recording is started. When individual video information is stored in separate video files as in the conventional example of FIG. 37, there is no unrecorded area in the video file. Only when the method of storing all the video information to be recorded on the information storage medium in one video file as in the present invention, an “unrecorded area in the video file” occurs, and the cell ( Or VO
The arrangement distribution information of B) is required.

With the change in the video file size, [AV
Since the correspondence between the address and the LBN (Logical Block Number) changes], it is necessary to partially change the cell and VOB addresses. Since the cell and VOB address information recorded in the cell time general information (and the VOB control information) are described in pairs of the respective start addresses and sizes, when the above addresses are changed, only the respective start addresses are stored. Changes only need to be made, and the amount of management data changes is small

In the DVD video disc standard, the video title set cell address table (VTS_C_A
DT) video title set cell piece (VTS_
The start address and end address of the cell piece are recorded in (CPI). In this case, it is necessary to change both the start address and the end address when changing the address. However, in the above method, the change in the cell size or the VOB size is not required, so that the changed portion is halved.

[0486] Fine permissions can be set in units of cells or VOBs. According to the DVD video disc standard, the parental lock function is performed in video title units or PGC units. On the UDF, permissions can be set for each file.

However, according to the present invention, on the information storage medium, one video file and a PG
C, it is not possible to set detailed permissions, set parental locks, or manage security according to video information. In the present invention, cell unit or VO
Since a permission setting flag is provided for each B unit, fine setting is possible for the first time.

[0488] DMA of information storage medium (DVD-RAM)
LB that performed replacement processing for the defect position using the information
AV avoiding (skipping) N (Logical Block Number)
Since the address is set and the video information is recorded according to the AV address, it is easy to secure continuous recording and continuous reproduction of the video information.

In the DVD-RAM standard, the physical arrangement position on the information storage medium (DVD-RAM) of the logical block (logical sector) on which the linear replacement or the skipping replacement has been performed exists in the spare area. Therefore, when video information is recorded in accordance with LBN, L
Access processing to the spare area is required for the BN, which prevents continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information. Since the AV address of the present invention is set so as not to include the LBN that has been subjected to the replacement processing, the number of unnecessary accesses is reduced, and continuous recording and continuous reproduction are facilitated.

[0490] Since the cell size or VOB size is changed in VOBU units due to partial erasure of video information,
There is no need to re-encode the management data (for example, FIG. 2
RWVIDEO_CONTROL. (IFO) can be implemented at high speed.

Since the conventional DVD video disk is exclusively for reproduction, there is no need to change the cell size or the VOB size by deleting part of the video information. For the first time in the recordable information storage medium of the present invention, it is necessary to change the cell size or VOB size. The method of the present invention makes it possible to change the cell size or VOB size faster and easier than in the case where the VOBU is recreated (re-encoded) every time the cell size or VOB size is changed.

[0492] Since the VOB on the information storage medium of the present invention can be recorded over one or more blocks of the recording area, a plurality of pieces of video information interspersed and recorded in a video file are formed in a "stepping stone" manner. Can be recorded over a block of the video area.

In the case of the data structure of the information storage medium of the present invention, since all video information is recorded in one video file, the recorded information is stored in the video file while recording and partial erasure are repeated many times. Dotted. As a result, many unrecorded areas of small size are distributed in the video file.

In the case where VOBs are always recorded only in continuous address areas at the time of recording, the places where large-sized VOBs can be recorded are limited, and the recordable capacity in the video file is reduced. As in the present invention, by allowing one VOB to be recorded over a plurality of video regions arranged at positions separated from each other in a video file, a large number of small-sized unrecorded video regions can be recorded. Recording can be performed without wasting chunks.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exemplary view for explaining a hierarchical structure of information recorded on an optical disc;

FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a directory structure of information (data file) recorded on an optical disc.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining another directory structure of information (data file) recorded on an optical disc.

FIG. 4 is a view for explaining still another directory structure of information (data file) recorded on an optical disc.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a video object and a cell.

FIG. 6 is a diagram shown for explaining PGC control information.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the data structure of cell time control general information and cell time search information.

FIG. 8 is a view for explaining another example of the data structure of cell time control general information and cell time search information.

FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the relationship between cells and PGC information.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an information recording / reproducing apparatus for an optical disc.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing details of an information recording / reproducing unit of the information recording / reproducing apparatus.

FIG. 12 is a first partial view for explaining an example of a file system constructed based on UDF.

FIG. 13 is a second partial view for explaining an example of a file system constructed based on UDF together with FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining a basic relationship between the hierarchical file system structure shown in FIG. 2 and information content recorded on an optical disc.

FIG. 15 shows a file I that describes information of a file (root directory, subdirectory, file data, etc.) in the file structure having the hierarchical structure shown in FIG.
The figure shown in order to extract and explain a part of D descriptor.

FIG. 16 is a view for extracting and explaining a part of description contents of a file entry for displaying a recording position of a designated file in the file structure having the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 17 is an exemplary view for explaining the description contents of a long allocation descriptor for displaying a recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on an optical disk;

FIG. 18 is a view for explaining the description contents of a short allocation descriptor for displaying a recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on an optical disk;

FIG. 19 is a diagram for searching for an unrecorded continuous sector aggregate (unrecorded extent) on the optical disc and illustrating the contents of a description sentence used as a space entry.

FIG. 20 is a view for explaining an example of the structure of a file system having the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 21 is a view for explaining a conventional method of setting a file recording position when UDF is used.

FIG. 22 is a view for explaining a method of setting a file recording position when the UDF according to the present invention is used.

FIG. 23 is a view for explaining a layout of a RAM layer of the optical disc shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 24 is a view for explaining details of a lead-in area portion in the layout shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a view for explaining details of a lead-out area in the layout shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 is a view for explaining details of a data area part in the layout shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 27 is a view for explaining the structure of a sector included in the data area shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 28 is a view for explaining a recording unit (ECC unit) of information included in the data area shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 29 is a view for explaining the relationship between zones and groups in the data area shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 30 is an exemplary view for explaining a method of setting a logical sector in the data area shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 31 is a view for explaining replacement processing in the data area shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation of setting a logical block number for a used medium.

FIG. 33 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a defect processing operation of a used medium.

FIG. 34 is a view for explaining a data structure in the cell time information shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 35 is an exemplary view for explaining details of data in the video file shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 36 is a view for explaining details of data in VOB control information shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 37 is a view for explaining a conventional directory structure of information (data file) recorded on an optical disc.

FIG. 38 is a view for explaining a conventional relationship between cells and PGC information.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference numeral 30: microcomputer block, 32: information recording / reproducing unit, 34: temporary unit, 36: data processor,
38: STC, 42: input AV, 44: TV tuner,
46 ... AV output, 48 ... DVD video recorder display unit,
52 ADC, 53 V encoder, 54 A encoder, 55 SP encoder, 56 formatter, 57
... buffer memory, 62 ... separator, 63 ... memory,
64 V decoder, 65 SP decoder, 66 video processor, 67 V-DAC, 68 A decoder, 6
9 ... A-DAC, 100 ... Disc changer part, 20
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Information storage medium (optical disk), 202 ... Optical head, 203 ... Optical head moving mechanism (feed motor), 20
4 spindle motor 205 205 semiconductor laser drive circuit 206 recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 20
7: modulation circuit, 208: ECC encoding circuit,
209: error correction circuit, 210: demodulation circuit, 211:
PLL circuit, 212 ... binarization circuit, 213 ... amplifier, 2
14 ... information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit, 215 ... spindle motor drive circuit, 216 ... feed motor drive circuit, 2
17: focus / track error detection circuit, 218 ...
Objective lens actuator drive circuit, 219: semiconductor memory, 220: control unit, 221: rotary table, 222
... Data input / output interface unit.

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) G11B 20/12 103 G11B 20/12 103 H04N 5/92 H04N 5/92 H F term (reference) 5B082 CA01 5C053 FA25 GA11 GB05 GB37 JA21 5D044 AB07 BC04 CC06 DE04 DE29 DE48 DE54 DE59 EF05 FG18 GK12 HL11 5D090 AA01 BB04 CC14 FF24 GG27 GG36 5D110 AA17 AA29 BB01 DA03 DA11 DB03 DC02 DC16 DE01

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An information recording method for recording information on an information storage medium by an information recording / reproducing unit accessing an information storage medium, wherein the information is video data or audio data comprising at least one program. A video file or an audio file including a video file is defined, a management file including video management information for managing the video data is defined, and the video file or the audio file and a file management for managing the management file are further defined. Information is defined, and the information recording method includes a recording area of the video file or the audio file when the video data or the audio data is modified so as to facilitate handling of the file management information. Area of a predetermined size including the unrecorded area Ensuring, wherein the file management information, the information recording method characterized by recording the entry information for the video file or audio file. 2. An information recording method, further comprising recording the file management information including entry information for the management file. 3. An information storage medium on which information is recorded / reproduced by access by an information recording / reproducing unit, wherein the information is a video file or audio including video data or audio data constituting at least one program. A file is defined, a management file including video management information for managing the video data is defined, and the video file or audio file and file management information for managing the management file are defined, When the video data or the audio data is modified, an area of a predetermined size including an unrecorded area is secured as a recording area of the video file or the audio file to facilitate handling of the file management information. And the file management information includes: Information storage medium entry information is characterized in that it is recorded for the serial video files or audio files. 4. An information storage medium according to claim 1, wherein said file management information further includes entry information for said management file. 5. An information recording / reproducing apparatus which records information on said information storage medium by an information recording / reproducing unit accessing said information storage medium, wherein said information is video data or audio comprising at least one program. A video file or audio file containing data is defined, a management file containing video management information for managing the video data is defined, and the video file or audio file and a file for managing the management file are further defined. Management information is defined, and the information recording / reproducing apparatus, when the video data or the audio data is modified, records the video file or the audio file in order to facilitate the handling of the file management information. Area of a predetermined size including the unrecorded area An information recording / reproducing apparatus comprising: means for securing an area; and means for recording the file management information by including entry information for the video file or the audio file. 6. The information recording / reproducing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising means for recording the file management information together with entry information for the management file.