JP3593075B2 - Information storage medium, information recording method and apparatus, and information reproducing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

【０４０９】
なお、マルチセクタに対する一次欠陥リスト（ＰＤＬ）の場合、欠陥セクタのアドレスリストは、２番目以降の後続セクタの最初のバイトに続くものとなる。つまり、ＰＤＬ識別子およびＰＤＬアドレス数は、最初のセクタにのみ存在する。ＰＤＬが空の場合、第２バイトおよび第３バイトは００ｈにセットされ、第４バイトないし第２０４７バイトはＦＦｈにセットされる。また、ＤＤＳ／ＰＤＬブロック内の未使用セクタには、ＦＦｈが書き込まれる。
【０４１０】
［二次欠陥リスト；ＳＤＬ］
二次欠陥リスト（ＳＤＬ）は初期化段階で生成され、サーティファイの後に使用される。全てのディスクには、初期化中にＳＤＬが記録される。
【０４１１】
このＳＤＬは、欠陥データブロックのアドレスおよびこの欠陥ブロックと交替するスペアブロックのアドレスという形で、複数のエントリィを含んでいる。ＳＤＬ内の各エントリィには、８バイト割り当てられている。つまり、その内の４バイトが欠陥ブロックのアドレスに割り当てられ、残りの４バイトが交替ブロックのアドレスに割り当てられている。
【０４１２】
上記アドレスリストは、欠陥ブロックおよびその交替ブロックの最初のアドレスを含む。欠陥ブロックのアドレスは、昇順に付される。
【０４１３】
ＳＤＬは必要最小限のセクタ数で記録され、このＳＤＬは最初のセクタの最初のユーザデータバイトから始まる。ＳＤＬの最終セクタにおける全ての未使用バイトは、０ＦＦｈにセットされる。その後の情報は、４つのＳＤＬ各々に記録される。
【０４１４】
ＳＤＬにリストされた交替ブロックが、後に欠陥ブロックであると判明したときは、ダイレクトポインタ法を用いてＳＤＬに登録を行なう。このダイレクトポインタ法では、交替ブロックのアドレスを欠陥ブロックのものから新しいものへ変更することによって、交替された欠陥ブロックが登録されているＳＤＬのエントリが修正される。その際、ＳＤＬ内のエントリィ数は、劣化セクタによって変更されることはない。
【０４１５】
このＳＤＬには、以下のような情報が書き込まれることになる。
【０４１６】

【０４１７】
なお、マルチセクタに対する二次欠陥リスト（ＳＤＬ）の場合、欠陥ブロックおよび交替ブロックのアドレスリストは、２番目以降の後続セクタの最初のバイトに続くものとなる。つまり、上記ＳＤＬの内容の第０バイト目〜第３１バイト目は、最初のセクタにのみ存在する。また、ＳＤＬブロック内の未使用セクタには、ＦＦｈが書き込まれる。
【０４１８】
図３２は、たとえばＤＶＤーＲＡＭディスク等に対する論理ブロック番号の設定動作の一例を説明するフローチャートである。
【０４１９】
図１１の回転テーブル２２１に情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１が装填されると（ステップＳＴ１３１）、制御部２２０はスピンドルモータ２０４の回転を開始させる（ステップＳＴ１３２）。
【０４２０】
情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１の回転が開始したあと光学ヘッド２０２のレーザー発光が開始され（ステップＳＴ１３３）、光ヘッド２０２内の対物レンズのフォーカスサーボループがオンされる（ステップＳＴ１３４）。
【０４２１】
レーザ発光後、制御部２２０は光学ヘッド移動機構（送りモータ）２０３を作動させて光学ヘッド２０２を回転中の情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１のリードインエリア６０７に移動させる（ステップＳＴ１３５）。そして、光学ヘッド２０２内の対物レンズのトラックサーボループがオンされる（ステップＳＴ１３６）。
【０４２２】
トラックサーボがアクティブになると、光学ヘッド２０２は情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１のリードインエリア６０７内のコントロールデータゾーン６５５（図２４参照）の情報を再生する（ステップＳＴ１３７）。このコントロールデータゾーン６５５内のブックタイプアンドパートバージョン６７１を再生することで、現在回転駆動されている情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１が記録可能な媒体（ＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭディスクまたはＤＶＤ−Ｒディスク）であると確認される（ステップＳＴ１３８）。ここでは、情報記録媒体２０１がＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭディスクであるとする。
【０４２３】
情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１がＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭディスクであると確認されると、再生対象のコントロールデータゾーン６５５から、再生・記録・消去時の最適光量（半導体レーザの発光パワーおよび発光期間またはデューティ比等）の情報が再生される（ステップＳＴ１３９）。
【０４２４】
続いて、制御部２２０は、現在回転駆動中のＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭディスク２０１に欠陥がないものとして、物理セクタ番号と論理セクタ番号との変換表（図２６参照）を作成する（ステップＳＴ１４０）。
【０４２５】
この変換表が作成されたあと、制御部２２０は情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１のリードインエリア６０７内の欠陥管理エリアＤＭＡ１／ＤＭＡ２ ６６３およびリードアウトエリア６０９内の欠陥管理エリアＤＭＡ３／ＤＭＡ４ ６９１を再生して、その時点における情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１の欠陥分布を調査する（ステップＳＴ１４１）。
【０４２６】
上記欠陥分布調査により情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１上の欠陥分布が判ると、制御部２２０は、ステップＳＴ１４０で「欠陥がない」として作成された変換表を、実際の欠陥分布に応じて修正する（ステップＳＴ１４２）。具体的には、欠陥があると判明したセクタそれぞれの部分で、物理セクタ番号ＰＳＮに対応していた論理セクタ番号ＬＳＮがシフトされる。
【０４２７】
図３３は、たとえばＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭディスク等における欠陥処理動作（ドライブ側の処理）の一例を説明するフローチャートである。以下図１１を参照しながら、図３３のフローチャートを説明する。
【０４２８】
最初にたとえば制御部２２０内のＭＰＵに対して、現在ドライブに装填されている情報記録媒体（たとえばＤＶＤーＲＡＭディスク）２０１に記録する情報の先頭論理ブロック番号ＬＢＮおよび記録情報のファイルサイズを指定する（ステップＳＴ１５１）。
【０４２９】
すると、制御部２２０のＭＰＵは、図１２及び図１３を用いて指定された先頭論理ブロック番号ＬＢＮから記録する情報の先頭論理セクタ番号ＬＳＮを算出する（ステップＳＴ１５２）。こうして算出された先頭論理セクタ番号ＬＳＮおよび指定されたファイルサイズから、情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１への書込論理セクタ番号が定まる。
【０４３０】
次に制御部２２０のＭＰＵはＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭディスク２０１の指定アドレスに記録情報ファイルを書き込むとともに、ディスク２０１上の欠陥を調査する（ステップＳＴ１５３）。
【０４３１】
このファイル書込中に欠陥が検出されなければ、記録情報ファイルが所定の論理セクタ番号に異常なく（つまりエラーが発生せずに）記録されたことになり、記録処理が正常に完了する（ステップＳＴ１５５）。
【０４３２】
一方、ファイル書込中に欠陥が検出されれば、所定の交替処理（たとえば図３１（ｄ）のリニア交替処理（Ｌｉｎｅａｒ Ｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔ Ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍ）が実行される（ステップＳＴ１５６）。
【０４３３】
この交替処理後、新たに検出された欠陥がディスクのリードインエリア６０７のＤＭＡ１／ＤＭＡ２ ６６３およびリードアウトエリア６０９のＤＭＡ３／ＤＭＡ４ ６９１に追加登録される（図２４と図２５を参照）（ステップＳＴ１５７）。情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）２０１へのＤＭＡ１／ＤＭＡ２ ６６３およびＤＭＡ３／ＤＭＡ４ ６９１の追加登録後、このＤＭＡ１／ＤＭＡ２ ６６３およびＤＭＡ３／ＤＭＡ４ ６９１の登録内容に基づいて、図３２のステップＳＴ１４０で作成した変換表の内容が修正される（ステップＳＴ１５８）。
【０４３４】
本発明のビデオファイルの記録時には欠陥発生時に図３１（ｃ）に示したスキッピング交替方式を採用する。
【０４３５】
本発明のビデオファイル内では独自の“ＡＶアドレス”を利用する。ＡＶアドレスの設定方法は、
○２０４８ｋバイトの論理ブロックまたは物理セクタサイズ単位で設定する。
【０４３６】
○アドレス昇順は、ビデオファイルに対応したファイルエントリィ内のアロケーションディスクリプター記述順に合わせる。図２２（ｄ）の例ではＬＢＮがＣ，Ｄ，Ｅ，Ｂの順にＡＶアドレスの値が大きくなる。
【０４３７】
○スキッピング交替によりスペアエリアに設定し直したＬＢＮはＡＶアドレスには含まず、そのＬＢＮ部分に付いてはスキップして連続したＡＶアドレスを設定する。ユーザエリア７２３（図２６）内の欠陥のないセクタ（論理ブロック）のみに記録し、ＡＶアドレスは全て連続番号にする。
【０４３８】
のルールに従って設定する。
【０４３９】
図９に示した各セルに関する情報は図１（ｆ）に示すようにセルタイムコントロールインフォメーション１１０４内に記録されており、その中味は図１（ｇ）に示すように、
・セルタイムインフォメーション＃１ １１１３〜＃ｍ １１１５…各セル１１２１〜１１２４個々に関する情報。
【０４４０】
・セルタイムサーチインフォメーション１１１２…特定のセルＩＤを指定された場合のそれに対応するセルタイムインフォメーションの記載位置（ＡＶアドレス）を示すマップ情報。
【０４４１】
・セルタイムコントロールゼネラルインフォメーション１１１１…セル情報全体に関する情報。
【０４４２】
に別れ、また各セルタイムインフォメーションはそれぞれセルタイムゼネラルインフォメーション＃ｍ １１１６とセルＶＯＢＵテーブル＃ｍ １１１７を有している。
【０４４３】
図７はセルタイムインフォメーション内のデータ構造について説明した図である。図２に示した録再ビデオデータ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＶＯＢ）（このビデオデータは図１（ｄ）のビデオオブジェクト１０１２の記録内容に一致する）内の図５に示した各セル８４の記録位置を示したセルタイムコントロールゼネラルインフォメーション１１１１と、図２に示した録再ビデオ管理データ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ．ＩＦＯ）（この情報は図１（ｄ）のコントロールインフォメーション１０１１内のデータと同じ物である）上でのセルタイムインフォメーションが記録して有る場所のＬＢＮ（論理ブロック番号）情報２０１１〜２０１３がまとまって記録して有るセルタイムサーチインフオメーション１１１２とから構成される。
【０４４４】
セルタイムコントロールゼネラルインフォメーション１１１１では記録位置に対して上述したＡＶアドレスを用いて記述して有る。各セルの位置情報として図７では先頭位置のＡＶアドレス２００２、２００４、２００６とそれぞれのデータサイズ２００３、２００５、２００７が記述して有るのに対して、図８の他の例ではデータサイズの代わりに終了位置のＡＶアドレス２０２３、２０２５、２０２７が記述して有る。
【０４４５】
図２に示した録再ビデオ管理データ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ．ＩＦＯ）（この情報は図１（ｄ）のコントロールインフォメーション１０１１内のデータと同じ物である）内に記録して有るセルタイムインフオメーションの内容を図３４に示す。セルタイムゼネラルインフォメーション１１１６とは個々のセルに関する一般的情報を示している。各セル毎に再生速度２０３３が記録して有り、例えばＣＭ部分のみ高速で再生するなどの可変速再生が可能になっている。
【０４４６】
また各セル単位でパスワード２０３４とパーミッション２０３５が記録でき、セキュリティー確保やパレンタルロックが掛けられるようになっている。各セル毎に掛けられるパーミッション設定内容は図３４に示す通りになっている。ＰＣでの“ゴミ箱”のようにＵＮＤＯにより復活可能な消去レベルとしてユーザによる消去指定情報２０３６と録画時の残量に応じて自動的に消去が出来る優先順位を示す消去／書き重ね優先ランク情報２０３７も設定可能になっている。
【０４４７】
本発明でのタイムコードは図３４のセルＶＯＢＵテーブル１１１７を用いる。すなわちセル内に含まれるビデオフレーム数２０４２，２０４４，２０４６とＶＯＢＵ毎のデータサイズ（使用セクタ数）２０４１，２０４３，２０４５との組で表している。この表記方法を用いる事によりタイムコードを非常に少ない情報量で記録する事が出来る。以下にこのタイムコードを用いたアクセス方法に付いて説明する。
【０４４８】
１．ユーザからアクセスしたいセルとその時間が指定される。
【０４４９】
２．図１０に示したマイクロコンピュータブロック３０のＭＰＵはこの指定された時間から対応するビデオフレームのセル開始位置からのビデオフレーム番号を割り出す。
【０４５０】
３．ＭＰＵは図３４に示したセル先頭からのＶＯＢＵ毎のビデオフレーム数２０４２〜２０４６を順次累計計算し、ユーザが指定したビデオフレームが先頭から何番目のＶＯＢＵ内の更に何番目のビデオフレームに該当するか割り出す。
【０４５１】
４．図７あるいは図８のセルタイムコントロールゼネラルインフォメーション１１１１からセル内の全データの情報記憶媒体上の記録位置を割り出す。
【０４５２】
図３５を用いて本発明のビデオファイル内データの詳細構造説明と部分消去、録画による追加記録方法についての説明を行なう。ビデオファイル内でＶＯＢに対する情報記憶媒体上で連続的に記録されるまとまりをＵＤＦと同様エクステントで表現する。図３５（ａ）ではＶＯＢ＃１とＶＯＢ＃２ともにそれぞれ１個のエクステント（エクステント＃ａとエクステント＃ｂ）で構成される。
【０４５３】
図３５（ａ）においてセルＤはＰＣのゴミ箱ファイルと同様、ユーザによる消去指定がなされているため、図９（ｂ）のＰＧＣインフォメーションからは削除され、再生時にユーザが見ることは出来ない。しかしゴミ箱から取り出す処理により図９（ｂ）のＰＧＣインフォメーションに再登録されユーザが再度再生できる可能性を持っている。
【０４５４】
図３５（ａ）のセルＢ内の最初の部分に対して部分的な完全消去をユーザから指定された場合、図１０のＭＰＵはユーザからの部分的な完全消去範囲を時間情報（何秒目から何秒目まで完全消去するか）で受け取ると、図３４のセルＶＯＢＵテーブル１１１７を使って該当する時間範囲がどのＶＯＢＵに対応するかを割り出す。
【０４５５】
次に完全消去の境界時間が含まれるＶＯＢＵ［図３５（ａ）ではセルＢ内の最初から４番目のＶＯＢＵが該当する］を完全消去対象からはずす。この方法により図１０のＭＰＵは完全消去対象のＶＯＢＵを割り出し、図３５（ｂ）のように該当部分を消去する。
【０４５６】
次にユーザから非常にサイズの大きい映像情報を追加記録したいと言う情報を受け取ると、図１０のＭＰＵはビデオファイル内の全ＡＶアドレスをマッピングし、図３６のＶＯＢの位置情報から既に記録して有る部分のＡＶアドレスを消去していく。その結果残ったＡＶアドレス部分から未記録領域のアドレスを探し出す。全未記録領域のサイズを合計し、ユーザから事前に指定された追記記録映像情報サイズと比較する。
【０４５７】
もし全未記録領域のサイズが足りない場合には図３５（ｃ）のように消去指定領域を完全消去する。もしそれでもサイズが足りない場合には図３４のセルタイムゼネラルインフォメーション１１１６から消去／書き重ね優先ランク情報２０３７を読み取り、優先順位の高い場所から順に図１０のＭＰＵが消去処理する。その結果空いた未記録領域に図３５（ｄ）のようにＶＯＢ＃３のデータを埋めていく。図３５（ｄ）ではセルＥが２箇所に分かれて記録されている。図３５（ｄ）ではＶＯＢ＃３のデータは３個のエクステント（エクステント＃ｃ，エクステント＃ｄ，エクステント＃ｅ）に分かれて記録されている。
【０４５８】
図１（ｆ）に示したＶＯＢコントロールインフォメーション１１０６内のデータ構造を図３６に示す。大きくＶＯＢの位置情報と各ＶＯＢ毎のそれに属するセル情報との関係を示した情報から構成される。図３５に示すように１個のＶＯＢはビデオファイル内で複数箇所に分散配置が可能になっている。ＶＯＢ内のビデオファイル内で連続的に記録されるまとまりをＵＤＦと同様エクステントで表現する。ビデオファイル内のＡＶアドレスサイズは事前に分かっているので、全ＡＶアドレスのマッピングから図３６の全ＶＯＢの位置情報を消去することにより、残ったＡＶアドレス部分がビデオファイル内の未記録領域のアドレスであると分かる。
【０４５９】
図１０に示した情報再生装置または情報記録再生装置における各種動作の説明を行なう。
【０４６０】
○誤ってユーザが録再ビデオデータを消した場合の処理
情報記憶媒体（光ディスク１００１）が装着されると情報記録再生部３２で録再ビデオ管理データ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ．ＩＦＯ）を再生する。その後、誤ってユーザが録再ビデオデータなどを消した場合を想定して録再ビデオデータ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＶＯＢ）、静止画データ（ＲＷＰＩＣＴＵＲＥ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＰＯＢ）、サムネール画像データ（ＲＷＴＨＵＭＢＮＡＩＬ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＰＯＢ）、オーディオデータ（ＲＷＡＵＤＩＯ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＡＯＢ）を検索に行く。そこでどれかのデータが欠如していた場合にはＤＶＤビデオレコーダ表示部４８に“特定のファイルが見当たりません”とのコメントを出す。
【０４６１】
○初期時のビデオファイルサイズ設定方法
初めて新しい情報記憶媒体（光ディスク１００１）を装着し、情報記録再生部３２で録再ビデオ管理データ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ．ＩＦＯ）を再生する。ＭＰＵが録再ビデオデータ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＶＯＢ）未作成で有る事を知るとＤＶＤビデオレコーダ表示部４８に“これから録画可能領域を作成します。標準で何時間の録画が可能に設定しますか？”との問い合わせを表示し、ユーザの回答をもらう。ユーザからの回答結果から自動的にビデオファイルサイズを算出し、ＵＤＦ上に録再ビデオデータ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＶＯＢ）のファイルを登録する。
【０４６２】
○ＤＭＡ情報を利用してＬＢＮとＡＶアドレス間のアドレス換算を行なう
次に情報記憶媒体としてＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭを用いた場合にはＤＭＡ領域を読み取り、ＬＢＮとＡＶアドレス間のアドレス換算を行なう。情報記憶媒体から欠陥位置情報を読み取る手段は図１０で情報記録再生部３２を意味し、上記欠陥位置情報を読み取る手段によって得られた欠陥位置情報から上記論理アドレスとＡＶアドレス間の換算を行なう換算手段が図１０のＭＰＵに相当する。
【０４６３】
○ビデオファイルサイズ変更に合わせたＵＤＦとＡＶアドレスの連動処理
図２２（ｄ）のように録画を繰り返すうちに初期に設定したビデオファイルサイズに対してファイルサイズ変更が必要な場合が生じる。ビデオファイルサイズ変更に合わせてファイルシステム変更情報を作成する手段として図１０のＭＰＵがＵＤＦ上での変更情報を算出する。そしてその結果を図１０の情報記録再生部３２で情報記憶媒体（光ディスク１００１）に記録する。また同時に上記ファイルシステム変更情報に合わせてビデオファイル内のＡＶアドレス設定状態の変更情報を作成する手段も同様にＭＰＵが受け持ち、その結果を情報記録再生部３２から情報記憶媒体（光ディスク１００１）上の図２に示した録再ビデオ管理データ（ＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ．ＩＦＯ）に記録する。
【０４６４】
○ビデオファイルサイズ変更に伴うセル／ＶＯＢアドレスの付け替え
ビデオファイルサイズ変更に合わせてファイルシステム変更情報を作成する手段も図１０のＭＰＵが受け持ち、上記ファイルシステム変更情報に合わせて情報記憶媒体上に記録されたセルの記録されたアドレス情報もしくはＶＯＢが記録されたアドレス情報の少なくとも一部を変更する（書き換える）手段は情報記録再生部３２が対応する。
【０４６５】
○セルかＶＯＢのアドレス配置情報からディスク上の未記録位置を割り出す
この操作については図３６の説明の時触れた通りである。情報記憶媒体から各ＶＯＢ毎もしくは各セル毎の先頭アドレスとセルサイズとの組もしくは先頭アドレスと最終アドレスとの組の情報を読み取る手段は図１０の情報記録再生部３２を示し、上記読み取った各ＶＯＢのアドレス情報もしくは各セルのアドレス情報から上記ビデオファイル内の未記録領域のアドレスを抽出する手段はＭＰＵを意味する。
【０４６６】
○セルかＶＯＢ単位のパーミッション設定に合わせてパーミッション処理実施
情報がファイル単位で記録され、かつ再生操作により前記ファイル内に記録された情報を読み取る事が可能であり、少なくとも映像情報を有するビデオファイルと、
前記ビデオファイル内に記録された映像情報の再生制御方法に関する管理情報を有する管理ファイルとが記録され、
かつ上記ビデオファイル内の映像情報はセル単位あるいはＶＯＢ単位のまとまりを持ち、更にセル単位またはＶＯＢ単位でパーミッション設定情報が上記管理ファイル上に記録されている情報記憶媒体に対し、
情報記憶媒体からパーミッション情報を再生する手段は情報記録再生部３２が該当し、上記再生したパーミッション情報に基付き再生映像の表示制御を行なう表示制御手段もＭＰＵが受け持つ。また上記再生したパーミッション情報に基付き映像の記録・消去制御を行なう記録・消去手段もＭＰＵの事を示す。
【０４６７】
○ＶＯＢＵ単位を基準としてセルまたはＶＯＢのサイズ変更を行なう
ビデオファイル内の映像情報の部分的消去時に、消去する映像部分に関係するセルまたはＶＯＢを判別する第１の判別手段は図１０のＭＰＵが行ない、同様にＭＰＵが図３４のセルＶＯＢＵテーブル１１１７を用いて第１の判別手段（ＭＰＵ）により抽出されたセルまたはＶＯＢを構成する全ＶＯＢＵを判別する。さらにＭＰＵは上記消去する映像部分に該当するＶＯＢＵを判別するとともに、上記消去する映像部分の境界位置が（該当ＶＯＢＵの）中央位置に一致したＶＯＢＵを消去対象のＶＯＢＵから除外し、上記第１の判別手段（ＭＰＵ）により判別されたセルまたはＶＯＢに対して、第２の判別手段（ＭＰＵ）により判別した上記セルまたはＶＯＢを構成するＶＯＢＵから、第３の判別手段（ＭＰＵ）により判別した消去対象のＶＯＢＵを除去する第１の判定手段（ＭＰＵ）と、上記第１の判定手段（ＭＰＵ）の結果に基付いてセルまたはＶＯＢを構成するＶＯＢＵ情報を変更して録再ビデオ管理データを変更記録する記録手段は図１０の情報記録再生部３２が該当する。
【０４６８】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、情報記憶媒体上に録画再生可能なビデオファイルを一個にしたため、ユーザが間違ってビデオファイルを消した場合、再生開始時（もしくは再生開始前）に異常をユーザに知らせることが可能となる。従来のＤＶＤビデオディスクのように複数のビデオファイルの存在を許可した場合にはそのうちの１個のビデオファイルをユーザが間違って消去した場合、情報再生装置もしくは情報記録再生装置がその事に気付かずに再生を開始し、消去されたビデオファイルを再生する順番になって初めてエラーを表示することになり、ユーザの混乱を招く基となる。本発明により上記の弊害を除去出来る。
【０４６９】
情報再生装置と情報記録再生装置は映像情報の記録／再生時には唯一ファイル名を指定されたビデオファイル（図２ではＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＯＢＪＥＣＴ．ＶＯＢ）にのみアクセスするのでユーザが誤って（ＲＷＶ＿ＴＳのサブディレクトリ下に）類似したビデオファイルを配置しても情報再生装置と情報記録再生装置はそのファイルを無視するため、大きな影響を回避できる。
【０４７０】
情報記憶媒体上に録画再生可能なビデオファイルを一個にし、更にこのビデオファイル内に録画された全映像情報を全て順次に再生可能なように１個のＰＧＣにより設定する事でＶＴＲのように１本のテープに記録する方法に馴染んでいるユーザに取って使いやすくなる。上記の方法により録画した全映像情報を１本のテープのように連続したつながりとして表示することが容易となる。また上記の方法によりユーザにとってあたかも１本のテープ上の特定場所を録画・消去・再生するように取り扱う事が出来る
ビデオファイル内に未記録領域の定義を可能とした結果、
（ａ）ファイル内データの部分消去を行なった場合、ビデオファイルサイズを縮小せずに消去場所を未記録領域へ変更する処理や、
（ｂ）全体のファイルサイズを変える事無く、ファイル内の未記録領域に追加データを記録する、
などが行える。
【０４７１】
そのため、映像情報の部分消去や映像情報の追加毎にビデオファイルサイズの変更が不要となる。ビデオファイルサイズの変更が不要になると、ビデオファイル内の変更しない場所には手を加える事無く（再記録処理を行わず）消去場所や未記録領域内の追記データ記録場所など変更箇所のみ情報の書き換えが可能となる。
【０４７２】
膨大なファイルサイズを持つビデオファイル内容を変更する場合、ファイル全体を再記録していた従来方法に比べ、本発明によるビデオファイル内の変更箇所のみの情報の書き換え処理により情報記憶媒体へのデータ変更時間が大幅に短縮される。
【０４７３】
ビデオファイル内に未記録領域を持ち、ビデオファイル内の再生可能な全映像情報の再生順情報（ＰＧＣ）を持つ事により、ファイルシステム（ＵＤＦ）に依存する事無く、ビデオファイルを処理するアプリソフト側でビデオファイル内の映像情報記録場所の設定が可能となる。その結果、再生順情報（ＰＧＣ）に合わせた映像情報記録場所が設定でき、映像情報の連続記録、連続再生が容易となる。
【０４７４】
情報記憶媒体上の各ファイルの記録場所［記録アドレス：ＬＢＮ（Ｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ｂｌｏｃｋ Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ）］の設定は、ＵＤＦやＦＡＴなどのファイルシステムに任されている。しかしＵＤＦやＦＡＴにはファイル名とファイルサイズのみの情報しか与えられないので、情報記憶媒体上の空き領域に与えられたファイルサイズの記録位置を順次に当てはめる。
【０４７５】
つまりＵＤＦやＦＡＴにはＰＣＧ情報が与えられないため、映像情報の連続記録、連続再生に適合した記録場所設定が出来ない。ビデオファイル内に未記録領域を持つ事により少量の映像情報の追加や部分消去に対してビデオファイルサイズ変更が不要となる。その結果ＵＤＦやＦＡＴなどのファイルシステム上は少量の映像情報の追加や部分消去時でのビデオファイルの記録場所（記録アドレス）の変更は行なわず、追加する映像情報の記録場所や部分消去場所はビデオファイルを処理するアプリソフト側で管理できる（アプリソフト側からＵＤＦなどファイルシステム側に部分消去や書き換えする場所のＬＢＮを指定して部分的書き換え処理を行わせる）。アプリソフト側はビデオファイル内の再生可能な全映像情報の再生順情報（ＰＧＣ）を知っているのでＰＧＣ情報に合わせた連続記録、連続再生が可能なアドレスを指定できる。
【０４７６】
情報記憶媒体上に唯一１個のビデオファイルを記録可能とし、さらにビデオファイル内に未記録領域の定義を可能とした結果、同一の情報記憶媒体上に映像情報を記録したビデオファイルと一般コンピュータデータを記録したコンピュータファイルを混在記録させても映像情報を情報記憶媒体上の特定箇所に集中して記録することができ、映像情報の連続記録、連続再生が容易になる。
【０４７７】
すなわち、同一な情報記憶媒体上にビデオファイルとコンピュータファイルを混在記録させた場合を考える。コンピュータファイルの情報記憶媒体上の記録場所を示すアドレス（ＬＢＮ：Ｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ｂｌｏｃｋ Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ）はＵＤＦなどファイルシステム上で設定され、その結果情報記憶媒体上にコンピュータファイルが広く点在する場合が生じる。
【０４７８】
その後でビデオファイルを記録した場合、点在するコンピュータファイルの間を縫い、互いに大きく離れた位置に存在する複数のエクステントの集まりとしてビデオファイルがファイルエントリィされる場合が有る。更にファイル内に未記録領域を持たない従来のファイル構造の場合、ファイル内の映像情報の部分消去や追加が行なわれる毎にビデオファイルサイズが変更し、その度に情報記憶媒体上の記録場所を示すアロケーション（ビデオファイルが記録されるエクステント分布状況）が変化する。
【０４７９】
例えは最初に長時間録画により情報記憶媒体上の一ヶ所に局在し非常にサイズの大きいビデオファイル（このビデオファイルのファイルエントリィのアロケーションディスクリプターには連続したアドレスを割り当てる）を作成し、その後で録画された映像情報の中間部分を消去した場合、従来のようにファイル内に未記録領域を持たない場合にはこの部分消去の結果、ビデオファイルのアロケーションが情報記憶媒体上の２ヶ所に分断される。
【０４８０】
その後、この削除した部分にＰＣデータが記録される場合もある。この場所にＰＣデータを記録した後、更に録画処理によりビデオファイルサイズを広げる場合、情報記憶媒体上において既存のビデオファイルの記録領域より大きく離れた位置に記録する必要が生じる。このように１個のビデオファイルが情報記憶媒体上離れた位置に点在すると映像情報の連続記録、連続再生に支障を来す。
【０４８１】
本発明のように同一のビデオファイル内に未記録領域を確保することにより、部分消去と追記録画を繰り返しても情報記憶媒体上でビデオファイルの記録位置が分散することが無く、映像情報の連続記録、連続再生が容易となる。
【０４８２】
まとまってセル毎またはＶＯＢ毎の先頭アドレスとサイズの情報が情報記憶媒体上に記録されているため、ビデオファイル内のセル（またはＶＯＢ）の配置分布を高速で検出でき、その結果上記ビデオファイル内の未記録領域の場所を即座に検出できる。
【０４８３】
そのため管理データ（図２でのＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ．ＩＦＯ）を再生してからビデオファイル内の未記録場所を検出し、録画を開始するという一連の録画開始処理を高速で行える。図３７の従来例のように個々の映像情報が別々のビデオファイルに収納されていた場合には、ビデオファイル内には未記録領域は存在しない。本発明のように情報記憶媒体上に記録する映像情報を全て１個のビデオファイル内に収納させる方式を採用して初めて“ビデオファイル内の未記録領域”が発生し、ビデオファイル内のセル（またはＶＯＢ）の配置分布情報が必要となる。
【０４８４】
ビデオファイルサイズの変更に伴い［ＡＶアドレスとＬＢＮ（Ｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ｂｌｏｃｋ Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ）間の対応関係が変化するので］部分的にセルとＶＯＢのアドレスの変更が必要となる。セルタイムゼネラルインフォメーション（とＶＯＢコントロールインフォメーション）内に記録して有るセルとＶＯＢのアドレス情報がそれぞれの先頭アドレスとサイズとの組で記述して有るため、上記のアドレスの変更時には各先頭アドレスのみの変更で済み、管理データの変更量が少ない。
【０４８５】
ＤＶＤビデオディスクの規格では、ビデオタイトルセットセルアドレステーブル（ＶＴＳ＿Ｃ＿ＡＤＴ）内のビデオタイトルセットセルピース（ＶＴＳ＿ＣＰＩ）にセルピースの先頭アドレスと終了アドレスが記録されている。この場合にはアドレス変更時には先頭アドレスと終了アドレスとの両方を変更する必要があるが、上記の方法ではセルサイズまたはＶＯＢサイズの変更が不要となるので変更箇所が半分になる。
【０４８６】
セル単位あるいはＶＯＢ単位の細かなパーミッションの設定が可能となる。ＤＶＤビデオディスクの規格ではパレンタルロック機能はビデオタイトル単位あるいはＰＧＣ単位で行なわれていた。またＵＤＦ上ではファイル単位のパーミッション設定が可能である。
【０４８７】
しかし本発明においては情報記憶媒体上では１個のビデオファイルと映像情報全体を見通せるＰＧＣを持つため、映像情報に合わせた細かなパーミッションの設定やパレンタルロックの設定あるいはセキュリティー管理が出来ない。本発明ではセル単位あるいはＶＯＢ単位にパーミッション設定用のフラグを持たせたため細かな設定が初めて可能となった。
【０４８８】
情報記憶媒体（ＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭ）のＤＭＡ情報を用いて欠陥位置に対する交替処理を行なったＬＢＮ（Ｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ｂｌｏｃｋ Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ）を避けた（飛ばした）ＡＶアドレスの設定を行ない、そのＡＶアドレスに従って映像情報を記録するため、映像情報の連続記録と連続再生の確保が容易となる。
【０４８９】
ＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭ規格ではリニア交替またはスキッピング交替を行なった論理ブロック（論理セクタ）の情報記憶媒体（ＤＶＤ−ＲＡＭ）上での物理的配置位置はスペーアエリアに存在する。従ってＬＢＮに従って映像情報を記録する場合には交替処理を行なったＬＢＮに対してはスペアエリアへのアクセス処理が必要となり、映像情報の連続記録、連続再生が妨げられる。本発明のＡＶアドレスでは交替処理を行なったＬＢＮを含まないように設定されているため、不必要なアクセス回数が減り、連続記録、連続再生を容易にする。
【０４９０】
映像情報の部分消去に伴うセルサイズあるいはＶＯＢサイズの変更をＶＯＢＵ単位で行なうため、再エンコードをする必要が無く管理データ（例えば図２におけるＲＷＶＩＤＥＯ＿ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ．ＩＦＯ）のみの変更で高速に実施することが出来る。
【０４９１】
従来例のＤＶＤビデオディスクは再生専用なため、映像情報の部分削除によるセルサイズあるいはＶＯＢサイズの変更の必要が無かった。本発明の録画可能な情報記憶媒体で初めてセルサイズあるいはＶＯＢサイズの変更が必要となる。セルサイズあるいはＶＯＢサイズの変更毎にＶＯＢＵの作り直し（再エンコード）処理を行なう場合に比較して本発明の方法の方が高速かつ容易にセルサイズあるいはＶＯＢサイズの変更の必要が行なえる。
【０４９２】
本発明の情報記憶媒体でのＶＯＢは１個以上の録画領域の塊をまたがって記録できるため、ビデオファイル内に点在して記録された映像情報の間を“飛び石”式に複数の映像領域の塊をまたがって記録することができる。
【０４９３】
本発明の情報記憶媒体のデータ構造の場合には１個のビデオファイル内に全映像情報を記録するため、録画と部分消去を何度も繰り返す間にビデオファイル内に録画済み情報が点在する。その結果ビデオファイル内で小さいサイズの未記録領域が多数分布してしまう。
【０４９４】
録画時に常に連続したアドレス領域にのみＶＯＢを記録した場合には、大きなサイズのＶＯＢを記録できる場所が限られ、ビデオファイル内の録画可能容量が減少する。本発明のようにビデオファイル内の互いに離れた位置に配置された複数の映像領域の塊をまたがって１個のＶＯＢが記録可能にする事により、多数分布した小さいサイズの未記録な映像領域の塊を無駄にすることなく録画することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】光ディスクに記録される情報の階層構造を説明するために示す図。
【図２】光ディスクに記録される情報（データファイル）のディレクトリ構造を説明するために示す図。
【図３】光ディスクに記録される情報（データファイル）の他のディレクトリ構造を説明するために示す図。
【図４】光ディスクに記録される情報（データファイル）の更に他のディレクトリ構造を説明するために示す図。
【図５】ビデオオブジェクトとセルとの関係を説明するために示す図。
【図６】ＰＧＣコントロールインフォメーションを説明するために示す図。
【図７】セルタイムコントロールゼネラルインフォメーションとセルタイムサーチインフォメーションのデータ構造を説明するために示す図。
【図８】セルタイムコントロールゼネラルインフォメーションとセルタイムサーチインフォメーションのデータ構造の他の例を説明するために示す図。
【図９】セルとＰＧＣインフォメーションとの関係を説明するために示す図。
【図１０】光ディスクに対する情報記録再生装置を示すブロック構成図。
【図１１】同情報記録再生装置の情報記録再生部の詳細を示すブロック構成図。
【図１２】ＵＤＦに基づいて構築されたファイルシステムの一例を説明するための第１の部分図。
【図１３】ＵＤＦに基づいて構築されたファイルシステムの一例を図１２とともに説明するための第２の部分図。
【図１４】図２に示した階層ファイルシステム構造と光ディスクに記録された情報内容との間の基本的な関係を説明するために示す図。
【図１５】図２に示した階層構造を持ったファイル構造内で、ファイル（ルートディレクトリ、サブディレクトリ、ファイルデータ等）の情報を記述するファイルＩＤディスクリプターの一部を抜粋して説明するために示す図。
【図１６】図２に示した階層構造を持ったファイル構造内で、指定されたファイルの記録位置を表示するファイルエントリィの記述内容の一部を抜粋して説明するために示す図。
【図１７】光ディスク上の連続セクタ集合体（エクステント）の記録位置を表示するロングアロケーションディスクリプターの記述内容を説明するために示す図。
【図１８】光ディスク上の連続セクタ集合体（エクステント）の記録位置を表示するショートアロケーションディスクリプターの記述内容を説明するために示す図。
【図１９】光ディスク上の未記録連続セクタ集合体（未記録エクステント）を検索するもので、スペースエントリィとして使用される記述文の内容を説明するために示す図。
【図２０】図２に示した階層構造を持ったファイルシステムの構造の一例を説明するために示す図。
【図２１】ＵＤＦを用いた場合の従来のファイル記録位置の設定方法を説明するために示す図。
【図２２】この発明に係るＵＤＦを用いた場合のファイル記録位置の設定方法を説明するために示す図。
【図２３】図１に示した光ディスクのＲＡＭ層のレイアウトを説明するために示す図。
【図２４】図２３に示したレイアウトにおけるリードインエリア部分の詳細を説明するために示す図。
【図２５】図２３に示したレイアウトにおけるリードアウトエリア部分の詳細を説明するために示す図。
【図２６】図２３に示したレイアウトにおけるデータエリア部分の詳細を説明するために示す図。
【図２７】図２３に示したデータエリア部分に含まれるセクタの構造を説明するために示す図。
【図２８】図２３に示したデータエリア部分に含まれる情報の記録単位（ＥＣＣ単位）を説明するために示す図。
【図２９】図２３に示したデータエリア内でのゾーンとグループとの関係を説明するために示す図。
【図３０】図２３に示したデータエリア内での論理セクタの設定方法を説明するために示す図。
【図３１】図２３に示したデータエリア内での交替処理を説明するために示す図。
【図３２】使用媒体に対する論理ブロック番号の設定動作の一例を説明するために示すフローチャート。
【図３３】使用媒体の欠陥処理動作の一例を説明するために示すフローチャート。
【図３４】図１に示したセルタイムインフォメーション内のデータ構造を説明するために示す図。
【図３５】図２に示したビデオファイル内データの詳細を説明するために示す図。
【図３６】図２に示したＶＯＢコントロールインフォメーション内データの詳細を説明するために示す図。
【図３７】光ディスクに記録される情報（データファイル）の従来のディレクトリ構造を説明するために示す図。
【図３８】セルとＰＧＣインフォメーションとの従来の関係を説明するために示す図。
【符号の説明】
３０…マイクロコンピュータブロック、３２…情報記録再生部、３４…一時期億部、３６…データプロセッサ、３８…ＳＴＣ、４２…入力ＡＶ、４４…ＴＶチューナ、４６…ＡＶ出力、４８…ＤＶＤビデオレコーダ表示部、５２…ＡＤＣ、５３…Ｖエンコーダ、５４…Ａエンコーダ、５５…ＳＰエンコーダ、５６…フォーマッタ、５７…バッファメモリ、６２…セパレータ、６３…メモリ、６４…Ｖデコーダ、６５…ＳＰデコーダ、６６…ビデオプロセッサ、６７…Ｖ−ＤＡＣ、６８…Ａデコーダ、６９…Ａ−ＤＡＣ、１００…ディスクチェンジャ部、２０１…情報記憶媒体（光ディスク）、２０２…光学ヘッド、２０３…光学ヘッド移動機構（送りモータ）、２０４…スピンドルモータ、２０５…半導体レーザ駆動回路、２０６…記録／再生／消去制御波形発生回路、２０７…変調回路、２０８…ＥＣＣエンコーディング回路、２０９…エラー訂正回路、２１０…復調回路、２１１…ＰＬＬ回路、２１２…２値化回路、２１３…アンプ、２１４…情報記憶媒体回転速度検出回路、２１５…スピンドルモータ駆動回路、２１６…送りモータ駆動回路、２１７…フォーカス・トラックエラー検出回路、２１８…対物レンズアクチュエータ駆動回路、２１９…半導体メモリ、２２０…制御部、２２１…回転テーブル、２２２…データ入出力インターフェース部。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement in the data structure when recording video information on an information storage medium capable of recording video information in the form of digital information and reproducing digital information to extract the video information. The present invention also relates to an improvement of an information storage medium having an improved data structure. When video information is recorded on the information storage medium, a digital video compressed based on the MPEG standard is often recorded. The present invention also relates to an information recording / reproducing apparatus for recording the video information on an information storage medium and an improvement on an information reproducing apparatus for reproducing the video information from the information storage medium.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, a system for reproducing an optical disk on which video (moving image) and audio have been recorded has been developed, and has been widely used for reproducing movie software, karaoke, etc., such as an LD (laser disk) or a video CD (video compact disk). ing.
[0003]
Among them, a DVD (digital versatile disk) standard using the internationally standardized MPEG2 (moving picture expert group) system and adopting AC-3 (digital audio compression) and other audio compression systems has been proposed. The DVD standard includes a read-only DVD video (or DVD-ROM), a write-once DVD-R, and a DVD-RAM (or DVD-RW) that can be repeatedly read and written.
[0004]
According to the MPEG2 system layer, the DVD video (DVD-ROM) standard supports MPEG-2 as a moving picture compression method and AC-3 audio and MPEG audio as a sound recording method in addition to linear PCM. Further, the DVD video standard is configured by adding sub-picture data obtained by run-length-compressing bitmap data for subtitles, and control data (navigation data) for reproduction control such as fast-forward / rewind data search. This standard also supports the ISO9660 and UDF bridge formats so that data can be read by a computer.
[0005]
At present, an optical disk used for a DVD video (DVD-ROM) is a single-sided, single-layer, 12 cm disk having a storage capacity of about 4.7 GB (gigabytes). The two layers on one side have a storage capacity of about 9.5 GB, and the two layers on both sides enable a large capacity recording of about 18 GB (when a laser having a wavelength of 650 nm is used for reading).
[0006]
On the other hand, an optical disk used for a DVD-RAM (DVD-RW) is a 12 cm disk at present, having a storage capacity of about 2.6 GB (gigabyte) on one side, and a capacity of 5.2 GB on both sides. A DVD-RAM optical disk currently in practical use has a smaller storage capacity than a DVD-ROM disk of a corresponding size.
[0007]
FIG. 37 shows the directory structure of information (data files) recorded on an information storage medium in a read-only DVD video (DVD-ROM). Similar to the hierarchical file structure adopted by a general-purpose operating system of a computer, a subdirectory of a video title set VTS and a subdirectory of an audio title set ATS are connected under a root directory. Various video files (files such as VMGI, VMGM, VTSI, VTSM, and VTS) are arranged in a subdirectory of the video title set VTS, and each file is managed in an orderly manner. A specific file (for example, a specific VTS) can be accessed by specifying a path from the root directory to the file.
[0008]
That is, the root directory of the DVD video disc includes a subdirectory called a video title set (VTS). This subdirectory contains various management data files (VIDEO_TS.IFO, VTS_01_0.IFO), backup files (VIDEO_TS.BUP, VTS_01_0.BUP) for backing up information of these management data files, and descriptions of the management data files. The content is managed based on the contents, and can include a video data file (VTS_01_1.VOB) for storing digital video information.
[0009]
The sub-directory may further include a menu data file (VMGM, VTSM) for storing predetermined menu information.
[0010]
A DVD video disc is composed of one video manager (VMG) and at least one, up to 99 video title sets (VTS). The video manager (VMG) is composed of control data (VMGI), VOBS for VMG menu (VMGM_VOBS) and control data for backup (VMGI_BUP), and each data is individually recorded as a single file on the information storage medium. You.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 37, in the DVD video disc, each video title set [in FIG. 37, “video title set (VTS) # 1” and “video title set (VTS) # 2”] is different. It is necessary to record separately in a file. Control data (VTSI), VTS menu VOBS (VTSM_VOBS), and backup control data (VMGI_BUP) are individually included in the same video title set [eg, “video title set (VTS) # 1”). It is recorded as separate files, and the title video data (VTS_01_1.VOB and VTS_01_2.VOB) in the VTS are recorded in a plurality of files.
[0012]
A DVD-RAM disc employs a UDF (Universal Disk Format) instead of a FAT (File Allocation Table) as a file system. A detailed description of the UDF will be described later. The UDF enables a hierarchical structure of files as in the FAT, and records data on an information storage medium in units of individual files. Conventionally, both UDF and FAT are filled with data to be recorded in a file, and there is no "unrecorded area" in the same file as in the present invention.
[0013]
The above content will be described in detail with reference to an example. For example, when a sentence is created using word processor software (Ichitaro, Word, Amipro, etc.) that runs on a PC, the created sentence is recorded on the information storage medium as one file. One file is all filled with text information. Even if a "space area" or "continuous enter mark portion" where no text is written continues for a long time in the middle part of the created text, "space information" or "enter Information "is packed, and there is no" completely unrecorded area "in the file.
[0014]
If the user reads the document file and saves the data after deleting the central part of the sentence, this saved information does not define the "unrecorded area" and the user can read and write the part before and after the deleted part. Is recorded on the information storage medium as a file in a state of being packed and connected. As a result, the file size of the file recorded on the information storage medium is reduced by the data amount of the part deleted by the user.
[0015]
In application software that runs on a general PC, a file read from an information storage medium for editing is transferred as it is to a buffer memory (semiconductor memory) on the PC, and the edited data is temporarily stored on the PC. Buffer memory (semiconductor memory). When the user issues an instruction to save a file, the edited data stored in the buffer memory (semiconductor memory) on the PC is overwritten on the information storage medium as the entire file. As described above, in a conventional file system such as FAT or UDF, when file data is changed, all data in the file is changed at once by overwriting, and only a part of the data in the file is not changed as in the present invention.
[0016]
FIGS. 38 (a) and 38 (b) show examples of video information reproduction using a PGC (program chain) on a DVD video disk. As shown in FIG. 38A, reproduction data is specified as a cell in a reproduction section from cell A to cell F, and PGC information is defined in each PGC as shown in FIG. 38B.
[0017]
1. PGC # 1 shows an example composed of cells specifying continuous playback sections, and the playback order is
Cell A → cell B → cell C
It becomes.
[0018]
2. PGC # 2 shows an example composed of cells that specify intermittent playback sections, and the playback order is
Cell D → Cell E → Cell F
It becomes.
[0019]
3. PGC # 3 shows an example in which playback can be performed intermittently regardless of the playback direction or overlapped playback.
Cell E → cell A → cell D → cell B → cell E
It becomes.
[0020]
In this way, a plurality of different PGCs can be defined to indicate different display orders for the same cell. Further, in a DVD video disk, not all cell information is necessarily displayed by one PGC due to the degree of freedom of PGC setting.
[0021]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The data structure of the video information recorded on the read-only DVD video disk has been described above. Development of an information storage medium capable of recording and reproducing video information using a DVD-RAM disk or a DVD-RW disk as one form of the DVD family is currently in progress.
[0022]
The video information recording format on the recordable / reproducible information storage medium is required to have continuity and association with the data structure of the DVD video disk. A file system for a DVD-RAM disk or a DVD-RW disk employs UDF, similarly to a read-only DVD video disk. When the data structure of the DVD video disc described above is used as it is as the data structure of the recordable (recordable) information storage medium, and the conventional UDF (or FAT) described above is used as the file system,
1. Since the control data and the video data are recorded in a distributed manner in a plurality of files, if one file is erased by mistake, the error location can be recognized only during the reproduction and when the deleted file is reproduced. That is, there is no danger of user erasing a file in a read-only DVD video disk, but there is a danger of a user erroneously erasing a file in a recordable / erasable information storage medium.
[0023]
2. Control data and video data are recorded in multiple files in a distributed manner, and the data structure has the same hierarchical structure as computer data. It is hard to understand. That is, a general home user who has only known a VTR as a medium on which a video can be recorded has a question of "where on a single tape is the location where the video was recorded or erased," If the result of the recording / erasing process is displayed as it is to the user, the user is confused.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 37, on a DVD video disk, since each video title set is recorded in a separate file, a plurality of video title sets (VTS # 1 and VTS # 2 in FIG. 37) are stored in the information storage medium. In the case where the information is recorded above, the user who only knows the VTR does not know in what order to reproduce.
[0025]
3. In a method in which a general home user selects a specific cell corresponding to the PGC for the recorded information, confusion is likely to occur depending on the user. In other words, for general home users who have only known VTRs as a medium on which images can be recorded, the idea that the place where the image was recorded or erased is "where on a single tape" comes first. Some users find it difficult to understand the concept of cell selection by PGC in a read-only DVD video disc.
[0026]
4. Since there is no unrecorded area in the data file recorded by the conventional UDF or FAT, when partial erasure processing of specific data in the file or additional recording processing of slight video information is performed, data before and after the partial erasure location It is necessary to change the size of the entire data file each time, such as by joining together or adding information to the end of existing data, and re-record the entire changed data file on the information storage medium. Very time consuming.
[0027]
Conventional UDF or FAT has no unrecorded area in the file,
(A) Changing the erasure location to an unrecorded area when partially erasing data in a file,
(B) recording additional data in an unrecorded area in the file without changing the overall file size;
Cannot be performed, and the file size must be changed each time partial deletion or data addition is performed.
[0028]
As a result, it is necessary to re-record the entire file on the information storage medium. In the case of a video file in which video information is recorded, the size of one video file is a huge amount exceeding several hundred megabytes. If a very large file exceeding several hundred megabytes is re-recorded on the information storage medium each time a slight change is made, there is a problem that it takes a huge amount of time to change the file contents.
[0029]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a user interface that can be easily understood by ordinary home users who have only known VTRs as a medium on which images can be recorded. The object of the present invention is to provide an information storage medium, an information recording device, a method and a reproducing device which have a data structure in which the data is made to correspond to a place on one tape like a VTR in a pseudo manner, and which is easy to change. And
[0030]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventionIn an information storage medium capable of recording a video file containing video information, control information, and file system information, the video file is constituted by a set of extents that are continuously recorded on the information storage medium, The information is composed of a plurality of video object units, the information of the file system includes a file entry in which a recording position of the video file is described, the file entry includes a plurality of allocation descriptors, and the plurality of allocation descriptors. Contains the length information and the position information of the extent, respectively, allows the presence of an unrecorded area in the extent, and further connects and reproduces the video information of the already recorded area of the extent. Ko An information storage medium in which program chain control information designating a reproduction order of the video information is recorded in the troll information, and further, size information of the video object unit is recorded as a time code table in the control information. It is based on
[0031]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
First, the data structure of video information recorded in the information storage medium of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1A shows an external view of the information storage medium of the present invention. As a schematic data structure of information recorded on an information storage medium (optical disc 1001), as shown in FIG. 1B, a lead-in area 1002, volume & file manager information 1003, , A data area 1004, and a lead-out area 1005.
[0032]
The lead-in area 1002 has an embossed data zone in which the light reflection surface has an uneven shape, a mirror zone in which the surface is flat (mirror surface), and a rewritable data zone in which information can be rewritten.
[0033]
In the volume & file manager information 1003, information on a file of audio & video data or the entire volume is recorded in a rewritable data zone which can be recorded and rewritten by a user.
[0034]
The data area 1004 has a rewritable data zone that can be recorded and rewritten by the user. The lead-out area 1005 is constituted by a rewritable data zone in which information can be rewritten.
[0035]
The embossed data zone of the lead-in area 1002 includes information indicating a disk type such as DVD-ROM / -RAM / -R, a disk size, a recording density, and the like, and a physical sector number indicating a recording start / end position. Information on the entire information storage medium, information on recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics such as recording power and recording pulse width, erasing power, reproducing power, linear velocity at the time of recording / erasing, and serial number information storage Information on the manufacture of the medium is recorded in advance.
[0036]
The rewritable data zone of the lead-in area 1002 and the rewritable data zone of the lead-out area 1005 respectively include a unique disk name recording area for each information storage medium, a test recording area (for confirming recording / erasing conditions), and a data area. A management information recording area related to a defective area in 1004 is provided, and recording by the information recording / reproducing apparatus is possible in the area.
[0037]
In a data area 1004 sandwiched between a lead-in area 1002 and a lead-out area 1005, as shown in FIG. 1C, mixed recording of computer data and audio & video data is possible. The recording order of the computer data and the audio & video data and the size of each recording information are arbitrary. The locations where the computer data is recorded are called computer data areas 1008 and 1010, and the area where the audio & video data is recorded is the audio & video area. It is named video data area 1009.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 1D, the data structure of the information recorded in the audio & video data area 1009 is control information 1011 which is control information necessary for performing each processing of recording (recording), reproduction, editing, and retrieval. And a video object 1012 that is recording information of the contents (contents) of the video data, and a picture object that is information such as a still image such as a still or a slide, or a thumbnail (thumbnail picture) for searching or editing a desired place in the video data. 1013 and an audio object 1014 which is recording information of audio data contents.
[0039]
Further, as shown in FIG. 1E, the content of the control information 1011 manages the data structure in the video object 1012, and is AV data which is management information of information on a recording position on the optical disc 1001 as an information storage medium. Control information 1101, playback control information 1021 which is control information necessary for reproduction, recording control information 1022 which is control information required for recording (recording / recording), and edit control information which is control information required for editing. 1023, a thumbnail picture control information which is management information relating to a thumbnail (thumbnail picture) for searching or editing a desired place in video data Has a 024 or the like.
[0040]
The data structure of the AV data control information 1101 shown in FIG. 1E includes PGC control information 1103 which is information relating to a video information reproduction program (sequence) and cells which are information relating to a data structure of a basic unit of video information. It comprises time control information 1104 and the like.
[0041]
The contents up to FIG. 1 (f) are as described above, but a brief supplementary explanation is given below for each piece of information. The volume & file manager information 1003 records information on the entire volume, information on the number of PC data files included, the number of files on AV data, recording layer information, and the like. In particular, as recording layer information, the number of constituent layers (for example, one RAM / ROM two-layer disc is counted as two layers, one ROM two-layer disc is counted as two layers, and n single-sided disks are counted as n layers), and assigned to each layer Logical sector number range table (capacity for each layer), characteristics for each layer (eg, DVD-RAM disk, RAM section of RAM / ROM two-layer disk, CD-ROM, CD-R, etc.), RAM for each layer Logical sector number range table (including rewritable area capacity information for each layer) for each zone in each area, unique ID information for each layer (to find disk exchange in a multiple disk pack), etc. Is recorded, and consecutive logical sector numbers are set for multiple disc packs and RAM / ROM double-layer discs. So that the treated as one large volume space with.
[0042]
In the playback control information 1021, information on a playback sequence in which PGCs are integrated, information indicating a pseudo recording position where the information storage medium is regarded as a single tape such as a VTR or DVC in relation to the above (recorded information). A sequence in which all cells are continuously reproduced), information on simultaneous reproduction of a plurality of screens having different video information, and search information (a table of cell IDs corresponding to each search category and start times in the cells) are recorded. (Information enabling direct access to the corresponding video information by selecting a category).
[0043]
The recording control information 1022 records program reservation recording information and the like. Further, the edit control information 1023 includes special editing information for each PGC unit (the corresponding time setting information and the special editing content are described as EDL information), file conversion information (a specific part in the AV file is stored on a PC such as an AVI file, etc.). Is converted into a file that can be specially edited, and a location for storing the converted file is designated).
[0044]
FIG. 2 shows a directory structure having only one video file in one information storage medium in the present invention. The recording / reproducing video data itself of the video object 1012 shown in FIG. 1 is RWVIDEO_OBJECT. It is recorded in the only video file with the file name VOB.
[0045]
The recording / reproducing video management data of the control information 1011 in FIG. 1 has the file name RWVIDEO_CONTROL. RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO and its backup file, RWVIDEO_CONTROL. It is recorded in BUP. The information of the picture object 1013 in FIG. 1 is divided into still image data and thumbnail image data, and is divided into RWPICTUER_OBJECT. POB and RWTHUMBNAIL_OBJECT. Each is recorded in a POB file. The audio object 1014 in FIG. 1 is RWUDIO_OBJECT. It is recorded in a file named AOB.
[0046]
Each file related to the DVD video disc as shown in FIG. 37 is not shown, but is recorded under the subdirectory of the video title set VIDEO_TS in FIG. RWVIDEO_OBJECT.IFO (recording / playback video management data) information. A link to a VOB (recording / playback video data) is attached, and seamless continuous reproduction between the two is possible.
[0047]
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, in which video data, still image data, thumbnail data, and audio data are all recorded in one file (RWOBJECT.OB). In FIG. 3, all data for recording and reproduction are recorded in one file, but recording / reproduction video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) in which management information such as a reproduction procedure is recorded is recorded as a separate file. Have been.
[0048]
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a further embodiment of the present invention. Compared to FIG. 3, all files including management data are recorded in one file (rewritable audio / video file RWAVFILE.DAT). Also, in this case, this file is not located under a specific subdirectory, but rather immediately below the root directory.
[0049]
Next, the relationship between a video object (VOB) and a cell (Cell) will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, each cell 84 includes one or more video object units (VOBU) 85. Each video object unit 85 is an aggregate (pack sequence) of a video pack (V pack) 88, a sub-picture pack (SP pack) 90, and an audio pack (A pack) 91, starting from the VOBU head pack 86. It is configured as That is, the video object unit VOBU 85 is defined as a set of all the packs recorded from one navigation pack 86 to immediately before the next navigation pack 86.
[0050]
These packs are the minimum units when performing data transfer processing. The minimum unit for performing the logical processing is a cell unit, and the logical processing is performed in this cell unit.
[0051]
The playback time of the video object unit VOBU 85 corresponds to the playback time of video data composed of one or more video groups (group of pictures; GOP for short) included in the video object unit VOBU 85, and the playback time is 0. .4 seconds to 1.2 seconds. One GOP is usually about 0.5 seconds in the MPEG standard, and is screen data compressed to reproduce about 15 images during that time.
[0052]
When the video object unit VOBU85 includes video data, a video data stream is configured by arranging GOPs (conforming to the MPEG standard) including video packs 88, sub-picture packs 90, and audio packs 91. However, irrespective of the number of GOPs, the video object unit VOBU85 is determined based on the reproduction time of the GOP, and the VOBU head pack 86 is always arranged at the head thereof as shown in FIG.
[0053]
It should be noted that even in the case of the playback data of only audio and / or sub-picture data, the playback data is configured with the video object unit VOBU85 as one unit. For example, when the video object unit VOBU85 is composed of only the audio pack 91 with the VOBU head pack 86 at the top, the playback time of the video object unit VOBU85 to which the audio data belongs is the same as in the case of the video object VOB83 of the video data. The audio pack 91 to be reproduced is stored in the video object unit VOBU85.
[0054]
By the way, in an information recording / reproducing apparatus capable of recording a video title set VTS including a video object set VOBS 82 having a structure as shown in FIG. 5 on an information storage medium, there are cases where it is desired to edit the recorded contents after recording the VTS. To respond to this request, a dummy pack 89 can be inserted into each VOBU 85 as appropriate. The dummy pack 89 can be used when recording editing data later.
[0055]
As shown in FIG. 5, a video object set (VTSTT_VOBS) 82 is defined as a set of one or more video objects (VOB) 83. The video objects VOB 83 in the video object set VOBS 82 are used for the same purpose.
[0056]
The menu VOBS 82 is usually composed of one VOB 83, in which a plurality of menu screen display data are stored. On the other hand, the VOBS 82 for the title set is usually composed of a plurality of VOBs 83.
[0057]
Here, the VOB 83 forming the title set video object set VTSTT_VOBS 82 can be considered to correspond to video data of performances of a certain rock band, taking a concert video of a certain rock band as an example. In this case, by designating VOB 83, for example, the third piece of the concert performance music of the band can be reproduced.
[0058]
The VOB 83 forming the menu video object set VTSM_VOBS stores menu data of all the concert performances of the band, and can reproduce a specific music, for example, an encore music, according to the display of the menu. .
[0059]
In a normal video program, one VOBS 82 can be constituted by one VOB 83. In this case, one video stream is completed by one VOB 83.
[0060]
On the other hand, for example, in an animation collection of a plurality of stories or a movie in an omnibus format, a plurality of video streams (a plurality of program chains PGC) can be provided in one VOBS 82 corresponding to each story. In this case, each video stream is stored in the corresponding VOB 83. At that time, an audio stream and a sub-picture stream related to each video stream are also completed in each VOB 83.
[0061]
An identification number (IDN # i; i = 0 to i) is assigned to the VOB 83, and the VOB 83 can be specified by the identification number. The VOB 83 includes one or a plurality of cells 84. A normal video stream is composed of a plurality of cells, but a menu video stream may be composed of one cell 84 in some cases. Each cell 84 is given an identification number (C_IDN # j) as in the case of the VOB 83.
[0062]
Next, the data structure in the playback control information 1021 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The data structure in the playback control information 1021 shown in FIG. 1 has the data structure shown in the program chain (PGC) control information 1103 in FIG. 6, and the reproduction order is determined by the PGC and the cell.
[0063]
The PGC indicates a unit for executing a series of reproductions in which a cell reproduction order is specified. A cell indicates a playback section in which playback data is specified by a start address and an end address. The program chain (PGC) control information 1103 includes PGC information management information 1052, one or more search pointers of PGC information 1053, 1054, and PGC information 1055, 1056, 1057.
[0064]
The PGC information management information 1052 includes information indicating the number of PGCs (number of PGC information). The search pointer of PGC information 1053, 1054 points to the head of each PGC information, and facilitates the search.
[0065]
PGC information 1055, 1056, 1057 is composed of PGC general information 1061 and one or more search pointer of cell time information 1062, 1063.
[0066]
The PGC general information 1061 includes information (number of search pointer of cell time information) indicating the PGC reproduction time and the number of cells.
[0067]
Search pointers of cell time information 1062 and 1063 indicate recording positions of cell time information. Here, the data structure in the cell time information indicating the recording position has the structure shown in FIG. 1H and FIGS. 7 and 8 (details will be described later).
[0068]
38 (a) and 38 (b) show examples of video information reproduction using PGC in a conventional DVD video. As shown in FIG. 38A, reproduction data is specified as a cell in a reproduction section from cell A to cell F, and PGC information is defined in each PGC as shown in FIG. 38B.
[0069]
1. PGC # 1 shows an example composed of cells specifying continuous playback sections, and the playback order is
Cell A → cell B → cell C
It becomes.
[0070]
2. PGC # 2 shows an example composed of cells that specify intermittent playback sections, and the playback order is
Cell D → Cell E → Cell F
It becomes.
[0071]
3. PGC # 3 shows an example in which playback can be skipped irrespective of the playback direction or overlapped playback.
Cell E → cell A → cell D → cell B → cell E
It becomes.
[0072]
In the conventional example, it is not always necessary to continuously reproduce all video information (all cells) with one PGC. Since video information is already recorded in the DVD video, there is no uncomfortable feeling for the user even if the reproducing method is as shown in FIG. However, the user records video information in the user-recordable video file of the present invention. For a user familiar with the VTR, in the case of the reproduction method as shown in FIG. 38, confusion is likely to occur due to the relationship between the total recording time and the remaining amount.
[0073]
On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the playback order is defined by one PGC so that all video information in the video file is continuously played back. On the information storage medium, VOBs are sequentially arranged from the inner peripheral side as shown in FIG.
VOB_IDN # 1 → VOB_IDN # 3 → VOB_IDN # 2
Along with the cell from the inner circumference
Cell A → cell B → cell C → cell F → cell G → cell D → cell E
Are arranged in order. On the other hand, the PGC shown in FIG.
Cell A → cell B → cell C → cell D → cell E → cell F → cell G
Play in order.
[0074]
FIG. 10 shows the structure of an information reproducing apparatus or an information recording / reproducing apparatus for an information storage medium having the video file shown in FIG. 2 or FIG.
[0075]
The information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 roughly rotates an optical disc 1001 which is an information storage medium having a video file, and executes information reading and writing on the optical disc 1001. It comprises a reproducing unit 32, an encoder unit 50 constituting the recording side, a decoder unit 60 constituting the reproducing side, and a microcomputer block 30 for controlling the operation of the apparatus main body.
[0076]
The encoder unit 50 includes an ADC (analog-digital converter) 52, a video encoder (V encoder) 53, an audio encoder (A encoder) 54, a sub-picture encoder (SP encoder) 55, a formatter 56, and a buffer memory. 57.
[0077]
An external analog video signal + an external analog audio signal from the AV input unit 42 or an analog TV signal + an analog audio signal from the TV tuner 44 is input to the ADC 52. The ADC 52 digitizes the input analog video signal at, for example, a sampling frequency of 13.5 MHz and a quantization bit number of 8 bits. That is, each of the luminance component Y, the color difference component Cr (or YR), and the color difference component Cb (or YB) is quantized by 8 bits.
[0078]
Similarly, the ADC 52 digitizes the input analog audio signal at, for example, a sampling frequency of 48 kHz and a quantization bit number of 16 bits.
[0079]
When an analog video signal and a digital audio signal are input to the ADC 52, the ADC 52 passes the digital audio signal through. The process of reducing only the jitter accompanying the digital signal without changing the content of the digital audio signal, or the process of changing the sampling rate and the number of quantization bits may be performed.
[0080]
On the other hand, when the digital video signal and the digital audio signal are input to the ADC 52, the ADC 52 makes the digital video signal and the digital audio signal pass through. These digital signals may be subjected to jitter reduction processing, sampling rate change processing, etc. without altering the content.
[0081]
The digital video signal component from the ADC 52 is sent to a formatter 56 via a video encoder (V encoder) 53. The digital audio signal component from the ADC 52 is sent to a formatter 56 via an audio encoder (A encoder) 54.
[0082]
The V encoder 53 has a function of converting an input digital video signal into a digital signal compressed at a variable bit rate based on the MPEG2 or MPEG1 standard.
[0083]
Further, the A encoder 54 has a function of converting the input digital audio signal into a digital signal (or a linear PCM digital signal) compressed at a fixed bit rate based on the MPEG or AC-3 standard.
[0084]
When video information is input from the AV input unit 42 (for example, a signal from a DVD video player with an independent output terminal for a sub video signal), or a DVD video signal having such a data structure is broadcast and received by the TV tuner 44 In this case, the sub-picture signal component (sub-picture pack) in the DVD video signal is input to the sub-picture encoder (SP encoder) 55. The sub-picture data input to the SP encoder 55 is arranged in a predetermined signal form and sent to the formatter 56.
[0085]
The formatter 56 performs predetermined signal processing on the input video signal, audio signal, sub-picture signal, and the like while using the buffer memory 57 as a work area, and the format (file structure) as described in FIG. Is output to the data processor 36.
[0086]
Here, the contents of standard encoding processing for creating the recording data will be briefly described. That is, when the encoding process is started in the encoder unit 50 in FIG. 10, parameters necessary for encoding video (main video) data and audio data are set. Next, the main video data is pre-encoded using the set parameters, and the distribution of the code amount optimal for the set average transfer rate (recording rate) is calculated. Encoding of the main video is executed based on the code amount distribution obtained by the pre-encoding in this manner. At this time, the encoding of the audio data is also executed at the same time.
[0087]
As a result of the pre-encoding, if the amount of data compression is insufficient (when the desired video program cannot be accommodated in the information storage medium to be recorded), if there is a chance to pre-encode again (for example, the recording source is video tape or If the source is a reproducible source such as a video disc), partial re-encoding of the main video data is performed, and the main video data of the re-encoded portion is replaced with a previously pre-encoded main video data portion. . By such a series of processing, the main video data and the audio data are encoded, and the value of the average bit rate required for recording is greatly reduced.
[0088]
Similarly, parameters necessary for encoding the sub-picture data are set, and the encoded sub-picture data is created.
[0089]
The main video data, audio data, and sub-video data encoded as described above are combined and converted into the above-described structure of the video title set VTS.
[0090]
That is, a cell as a minimum unit of main video data (video data) is set, and cell time information as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 is created as described later. Next, the configuration of the cells constituting the program chain as shown in FIG. 9, the attributes of the main video, the sub video, and the audio are set (a part of these attribute information is obtained when each data is encoded). The recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) including various information is created.
[0091]
The encoded main video data, audio data and sub-video data are subdivided into packs of a fixed size (2048 bytes) as shown in FIG. A dummy pack is appropriately inserted into these packs. Note that time stamps such as PTS (presentation time stamp) and DTS (decode time stamp) are described in packs other than the dummy pack as appropriate. Regarding the PTS of the sub-picture, a time arbitrarily delayed from the PTS of the main picture data or the audio data in the same reproduction time zone can be described.
[0092]
Then, each data cell is arranged while arranging the navigation pack 86 at the beginning of each VOBU 85 so that the data can be reproduced in the order of the time code of each data, and a VOB 83 composed of a plurality of cells as shown in FIG. Be composed. A VOBS 82 in which one or more VOBs 83 are collected is recorded on the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) in FIG.
[0093]
When digitally copying a DVD playback signal from a DVD video player, the contents of the cell, the program chain, the management table, the time stamp, and the like are determined from the beginning, so that there is no need to create them again. However, in order to configure the DVD video recorder so that the DVD reproduction signal can be digitally copied, it is necessary to take a digital watermark and other copyright protection measures.
[0094]
A disk drive unit that reads and writes (records and / or reproduces) information from and to an information storage medium (optical disk 1001) includes a disk changer unit 100, an information recording / reproducing unit 32, a temporary storage unit 34, a data processor 36 and a system time counter (or a system time clock; STC) 38.
[0095]
The temporary storage unit 34 buffers a certain amount of data (data output from the encoder unit 50) written to the information storage medium (the optical disc 1001) via the information recording / reproducing unit 32, and performs information recording / reproducing. It is used to buffer a certain amount of data (data input to the decoder unit 60) reproduced from the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) via the unit 32.
[0096]
For example, when the temporary storage unit 34 is configured by a 4 Mbyte semiconductor memory (DRAM), it is possible to record or reproduce data for about 8 seconds at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps. Further, when the temporary storage unit 34 is formed of a 16 Mbyte EEPROM (flash memory), it is possible to buffer recording or reproduction data for about 30 seconds at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps. Further, when the temporary storage unit 34 is formed of a 100 Mbyte ultra-small HDD (hard disk), it is possible to buffer recording or reproduction data for 3 minutes or more at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps.
[0097]
When the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is used up during recording, the temporary storage unit 34 temporarily stores the recording information until the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is replaced with a new disc. Available.
[0098]
In addition, when a high-speed drive (double speed or higher) is employed as the information recording / reproducing unit 32, the temporary storage unit 34 may temporarily store data that is extraly read from the normal drive within a certain time. Available. If read data at the time of reproduction is buffered in the temporary storage unit 34, even when an optical pickup (not shown) causes a reading error due to vibration shock or the like, the reproduction data buffered in the temporary storage unit 34 is switched and used. This makes it possible to prevent the reproduced video from being interrupted.
[0099]
Although not shown in FIG. 10, if an external card slot is provided in the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus, the EEPROM can be sold separately as an optional IC card. If an external drive slot or a SCSI interface is provided in the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus, the HDD can be sold separately as an optional extended drive.
[0100]
Under the control of the microcomputer block 30, the data processor 36 in FIG. 10 supplies the DVD recording data from the encoder unit 50 to the disk drive 32, and converts the DVD reproduction signal reproduced from the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) into information. The management information recorded on the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is rewritten, and the data (file or VTS) recorded on the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is deleted.
[0101]
The microcomputer block 30 includes an MPU (or CPU), a ROM in which a control program and the like are written, and a RAM that provides a work area necessary for executing the program.
[0102]
The MPU of the microcomputer block 30 uses the RAM as a work area according to a control program stored in the ROM, detects a defect location, detects an unrecorded area, sets a recording information recording position, UDF recording, and an AV address. Execute settings, etc.
[0103]
Of the execution results of the MPU, the contents to be notified to the user of the information recording / reproducing apparatus are displayed on the display unit 48 of the DVD video recorder, or displayed on a monitor display on an on-screen display (OSD).
[0104]
The timing at which the microcomputer block 30 controls the disc changer unit 100, the information recording / reproducing unit 32, the data processor 36, the encoder unit 50, and / or the decoder unit 60 is based on time data from the STC 38. Can be. The recording / playback operation is normally performed in synchronization with the time clock from the STC 38, but other processing may be performed at a timing independent of the STC 38.
[0105]
The decoder section 60 includes a separator 62 for separating and extracting each pack from the video information having a pack structure as shown in FIG. 5, a memory 63 used for performing pack separation and other signal processing, and a main section separated by the separator 62. A video decoder (V decoder) 64 for decoding video data (contents of the video pack 88 in FIG. 5) and a sub video decoder for decoding sub video data (contents of the sub video pack 90 in FIG. 5) separated by the separator 62 (SP decoder) 65, an audio decoder (A decoder) 68 for decoding audio data (contents of the audio pack 91 in FIG. 5) separated by the separator 62, and video data from the V decoder 64 to the SP decoder 65. Sub-picture data is appropriately synthesized, and menus, highlight buttons, subtitles and other A video processor 66 for superimposing and outputting video, a video / digital / analog converter (V / DAC) 67 for converting a digital video output from the video processor 66 to an analog video signal, and a digital audio output from an A decoder 68 An audio / digital / analog converter (A / DAC) 67 for converting the signal into an analog audio signal;
[0106]
An analog video signal from the V / DAC 67 and an analog audio signal from the A / DAC 67 are supplied to an external component (not shown) (a multi-channel stereo apparatus of 2 to 6 channels + a monitor TV or a projector) via the AV output section 46. Is done.
[0107]
The OSD data output from the microcomputer block 30 is input to the separator 62 of the decoder unit 60, passes through the V decoder 64 (not particularly subjected to decoding processing), and is input to the video processor 66. Then, the OSD data is superimposed on the main video and supplied to the external monitor TV connected to the AV output unit 46. Then, a warning message is displayed together with the main image.
[0108]
Next, the internal structure of the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
[0109]
(11A) Functional description of information recording / reproducing unit
(11A-1) Basic function of information recording / reproducing unit
In the information recording and playback unit,
Recording or rewriting of new information (including erasing of information) is performed at a predetermined position on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 using a converging spot.
[0110]
Reproduction of already recorded information is performed from a predetermined position on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 using a converging spot.
[0111]
Is performed.
[0112]
(11A-2) Means for Achieving Basic Function of Information Recording / Reproducing Unit
As a means to achieve the above basic functions, the information recording / reproducing unit
The light spot is traced (followed) along a track (not shown) on the information storage medium 201.
[0113]
Switching of recording / reproducing / erasing of information is performed by changing the amount of a converging spot irradiated on the information storage medium 201.
[0114]
Convert the externally applied recording signal d to an optimal signal for recording at high density and low error rate.
[0115]
Are doing.
[0116]
(11B) Structure of mechanism part and operation of detection part
(11B-1) Basic Structure of Optical Head 202 and Signal Detection Circuit
(11B-1-1) Signal Detection by Optical Head 202
Although not shown, the optical head 202 basically includes a semiconductor laser element as a light source, a photodetector, and an objective lens.
[0117]
The laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element is focused on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 by the objective lens. The laser light reflected by the light reflection film or light reflection recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is photoelectrically converted by a photodetector.
[0118]
The detection current obtained by the photodetector is subjected to current-voltage conversion by the amplifier 213 to become a detection signal. This detection signal is processed by the focus / track error detection circuit 217 or the binarization circuit 212. Generally, a photodetector is divided into a plurality of photodetection areas, and individually detects a change in the amount of light applied to each photodetection area. The focus / track error detection circuit 217 calculates the sum / difference of the individual detection signals to detect a focus shift and a track shift. A signal on the information storage medium 201 is reproduced by detecting a change in the amount of light reflected from the light reflection film or the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201.
[0119]
(11B-1-2) Defocus detection method
As a method of optically detecting the focus shift amount,
O Astigmatism method: An optical element (not shown) that generates astigmatism is arranged on a detection optical path of laser light reflected by the light reflection film or the light reflection recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201, A method for detecting a change in the shape of laser light irradiated on a photodetector. The light detection area is divided into four diagonally. The difference between the diagonal sums of the detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas in the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is obtained to obtain a focus error detection signal. Or
O Knife edge method: A method of disposing a knife edge that asymmetrically shields a part of the laser beam reflected by the information storage medium 201. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a difference between detection signals obtained from each detection area is obtained to obtain a focus error detection signal.
[0120]
Often use either.
[0121]
(11B-1-3) Track shift detection method
The information storage medium (optical disk) 201 has a spiral or concentric track, and information is recorded on the track. Information is reproduced or recorded / erased by tracing the converging spot along this track. In order to stably trace the focused spot along the track, it is necessary to optically detect the relative displacement between the track and the focused spot. Generally, a track shift detection method is as follows.
-DPD (Differential Phase Detection) method: Detects a change in intensity distribution of a laser beam reflected by a light reflection film or a light reflection recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 on a photodetector. The light detection area is divided into four diagonally. The difference between the diagonal sums of the detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas is calculated in a focus / track error detection circuit 217 to obtain a track error detection signal. Or
Push-Pull method: A change in the intensity distribution of the laser light reflected by the information storage medium 201 on the photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a track error detection signal is obtained by taking the difference between the detection signals obtained from each detection area.
[0122]
-Twin-Spot method: A diffraction element or the like is arranged in a light transmission system between the semiconductor laser element and the information storage medium 201 to split light into a plurality of wavefronts and irradiate the information storage medium 201 with ± 1. A change in the reflected light amount of the next-order diffracted light is detected. A light detection area for individually detecting the reflected light quantity of the + 1st-order diffracted light and the reflected light quantity of the -1st-order diffracted light is arranged separately from the light detection area for detecting the reproduction signal, and a difference between the respective detection signals is obtained to obtain a track error detection signal. Get.
[0123]
And so on.
[0124]
(11B-1-4) Objective lens actuator structure
An objective lens (not shown) for condensing the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element on the information storage medium 201 has a structure capable of moving in two axial directions according to the output current of the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. ing. The moving direction of this objective lens is
Move vertically to the information storage medium 201 for focus shift correction,
-Move in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201 for track deviation correction.
[0125]
Although not shown, the objective lens moving mechanism is called an objective lens actuator. As the objective lens actuator structure,
○ Sliding method: A method in which the blade integrated with the objective lens moves along the central axis (shaft). The blade moves in the direction along the central axis to correct the focus shift. A method of correcting track deviation by rotating the blade with respect to the center axis. Or
-Four-wire method: A method in which a blade integrated with an objective lens is connected to a fixed system by four wires, and the blade is moved in two axial directions using elastic deformation of the wires.
[0126]
Is often used. Both systems have a structure in which a permanent magnet and a coil are provided, and the blade is moved by passing a current through a coil connected to the blade.
[0127]
(11B-2) Rotation control system of information storage medium 201
An information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is mounted on a rotary table 221 that is rotated by a driving force of a spindle motor 204.
[0128]
The number of rotations of the information storage medium 201 is detected by a reproduction signal obtained from the information storage medium 201. That is, the detection signal (analog signal) output from the amplifier 213 is converted into a digital signal by the binarization circuit 212, and a fixed cycle signal (reference clock signal) is generated from the signal by the PLL circuit 211. The information storage medium rotational speed detection circuit 214 detects the number of rotations of the information storage medium 201 using this signal and outputs the value.
[0129]
A correspondence table of the number of rotations of the information storage medium corresponding to the radial position to be reproduced or recorded / erased on the information storage medium 201 is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance. When the reproduction position or the recording / erasing position is determined, the control unit 220 sets the target rotation speed of the information storage medium 201 with reference to the semiconductor memory 219 information, and notifies the spindle motor drive circuit 215 of the value.
[0130]
The spindle motor drive circuit 215 obtains a difference between the target rotation speed and the output signal (current rotation speed) of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214, and supplies a drive current corresponding to the result to the spindle motor 204. Control is performed so that the rotation speed of the spindle motor 204 is constant. The output signal of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214 is a pulse signal having a frequency corresponding to the rotation speed of the information storage medium 201, and the spindle motor drive circuit 215 controls both the frequency and the pulse phase of this signal.
[0131]
(11B-3) Optical head moving mechanism
An optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 for moving the optical head 202 in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201 is provided.
[0132]
In many cases, a rod-shaped guide shaft is used as a guide mechanism for moving the optical head 202, and the optical head 202 moves using friction between the guide shaft and a bush attached to a part of the optical head 202. In addition, there is a method of using a bearing in which a frictional force is reduced by using a rotary motion.
[0133]
Although a driving force transmission method for moving the optical head 202 is not shown, a rotating motor having a pinion (rotating gear) is arranged in a fixed system, and a rack, which is a linear gear meshing with the pinion, is provided on the side of the optical head 202. In this arrangement, the rotational motion of the rotary motor is converted into a linear motion of the optical head 202. As another driving force transmitting method, a linear motor system in which a permanent magnet is arranged in a fixed system and an electric current is applied to a coil arranged in the optical head 202 to move the coil in a linear direction may be used.
[0134]
Basically, in either the rotary motor or the linear motor system, a current is supplied to the feed motor to generate a driving force for moving the optical head 202. This drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216.
[0135]
(11C) Function of each control circuit
(11C-1) Focusing spot trace control
A circuit that supplies a drive current to an objective lens actuator (not shown) in the optical head 202 according to an output signal (detection signal) of the focus / track error detection circuit 217 to perform focus shift correction or track shift correction. This is the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. A phase compensation circuit for improving characteristics in accordance with the frequency characteristics of the objective lens actuator is internally provided in order to make the objective lens move at a high speed in a high frequency range.
[0136]
In the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218, according to a command from the control unit 220,
○ On / off processing of focus / track deviation correction operation (focus / track loop)
A process of moving the objective lens in the vertical direction (focus direction) of the information storage medium 201 at low speed (executed when the focus / track loop is off);
A process of slightly moving the information storage medium 201 in a radial direction (a direction crossing a track) by using a kick pulse to move a focused spot to an adjacent track;
Perform
[0137]
(11C-2) Laser light quantity control
(11C-2-1) Switching processing between reproduction and recording / erasing
Switching between reproduction and recording / erasing is performed by changing the amount of light of a converging spot irradiated onto the information storage medium 201.
[0138]
Generally, for an information storage medium using the phase change method,
[Light amount at the time of recording]> [Light amount at the time of erasing]> [Light amount at the time of reproduction]
Holds for information storage media using the magneto-optical method,
[Light intensity at the time of recording] 光 量 [Light intensity at the time of erasing]> [Light intensity at the time of reproduction]
There is a relationship. In the case of the magneto-optical method, the recording and erasing processes are controlled by changing the polarity of an external magnetic field (not shown) applied to the information storage medium 201 during recording / erasing.
[0139]
At the time of information reproduction, a constant amount of light is continuously irradiated on the information storage medium 201.
[0140]
When new information is recorded, a pulsed intermittent light amount is added to the light amount at the time of reproduction. When the semiconductor laser element emits a large amount of light with a pulse, the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium 201 locally causes an optical change or a shape change to form a recording mark. Similarly, when overwriting an area already recorded, the semiconductor laser element is caused to emit pulse light.
[0141]
When erasing already recorded information, a constant light amount larger than that at the time of reproduction is continuously irradiated. In the case where information is continuously erased, the irradiation light amount is returned at the time of reproduction in a specific cycle such as a sector unit, and the information is intermittently reproduced in parallel with the erasing process. The track number and address of the track to be erased intermittently are reproduced, and the erasing process is performed while confirming that there is no error in the erased track.
[0142]
(11C-2-2) Laser emission control
Although not shown, the optical head 202 has a built-in photodetector for detecting the amount of light emitted from the semiconductor laser device. The semiconductor laser driving circuit 205 calculates the difference between the photodetector output (detection signal of the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element) and the light emission reference signal given from the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206, and based on the result, The drive current to the laser is fed back.
[0143]
(11D) Various operations related to the control system of the mechanism part
(11D-1) Startup control
When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is mounted on the turntable 221 and start control is started, processing is performed according to the following procedure.
[0144]
(1) The target rotation speed is transmitted from the control unit 220 to the spindle motor drive circuit 215, and a drive current is supplied from the spindle motor drive circuit 215 to the spindle motor 204, and the spindle motor 204 starts rotating.
[0145]
(2) At the same time, a command (execution command) is issued from the control unit 220 to the feed motor drive circuit 216, and a drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216 to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203 so that the optical head 202 Moves to the innermost position of the information storage medium 201. It is confirmed that the optical head 202 is located further in the inner peripheral portion beyond the area of the information storage medium 201 where the information is recorded.
[0146]
(3) When the spindle motor 204 reaches the target rotation speed, its status (status report) is output to the control unit 220.
[0147]
(4) A current is supplied from the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205 to the semiconductor laser element in the optical head 202 in accordance with the reproduced light amount signal sent from the control unit 220 to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 206 to emit laser light. Start. The optimum irradiation light amount at the time of reproduction differs depending on the type of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201. At the time of startup, it is set to the value with the lowest irradiation light amount.
[0148]
(5) In accordance with a command from the control unit 220, the objective lens (not shown) in the optical head 202 is shifted to the position furthest away from the information storage medium 201, and the objective lens is slowly moved closer to the information storage medium 201. The lens actuator drive circuit 218 controls.
[0149]
(6) At the same time, the focus / track error detection circuit 217 monitors the amount of defocus, and outputs a status when the objective lens comes near a focused position to notify the control unit 220.
[0150]
(7) Upon receiving the notification, the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the focus loop.
[0151]
(8) The control unit 220 issues a command to the feed motor drive circuit 216 while keeping the focus loop on to move the optical head 202 slowly toward the outer periphery of the information storage medium 201.
[0152]
(9) At the same time, the reproduction signal from the optical head 202 is monitored, and when the optical head 202 reaches the recording area on the information storage medium 201, the movement of the optical head 202 is stopped, and a track loop is formed for the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. Issue a command to turn it on.
[0153]
(10) The “optimum light amount at the time of reproduction” and the “optimum light amount at the time of recording / erasing” recorded on the inner peripheral portion of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 are reproduced, and the information is transmitted via the control unit 220. It is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.
[0154]
(11) Further, the control unit 220 sends a signal corresponding to the “optimum light amount at the time of reproduction” to the recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 206 to reset the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of reproduction.
[0155]
(12) The light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of recording / erasing is set according to the “optimum light amount at the time of recording / erasing” recorded on the information storage medium 201.
[0156]
(11D-2) Access control
(11D-2-1) Reproduction of access destination information on information storage medium 201
Information on what kind of information is recorded at which location on the information storage medium 201 differs depending on the type of the information storage medium 201, and generally,
O Directory management area: recorded collectively in the inner or outer area of the information storage medium 201. Or
A navigation pack is included in a VOBS conforming to the data structure of a PS (Program Stream) of MPEG2, and records information on where the next video is recorded.
[0157]
It is recorded in such as.
[0158]
When it is desired to reproduce or record / delete specific information, the information in the above-mentioned area is reproduced first, and the access destination is determined from the information obtained there.
[0159]
(11D-2-2) Rough access control
The control unit 220 calculates the radius position of the access destination by calculation, and calculates the distance from the current position of the optical head 202.
[0160]
Speed curve information that can be reached in the shortest time with respect to the moving distance of the optical head 202 is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance. The control unit 220 reads the information and controls the movement of the optical head 202 according to the speed curve in the following manner.
[0161]
After the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop, the feed motor drive circuit 216 is controlled to start the movement of the optical head 202.
[0162]
When the focused spot crosses a track on the information storage medium 201, a track error detection signal is generated in the focus / track error detection circuit 217. Using this track error detection signal, the relative speed of the focused spot with respect to the information storage medium 201 can be detected.
[0163]
The feed motor drive circuit 216 calculates the difference between the relative speed of the focused spot obtained from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 and the target speed information sent one by one from the control unit 220, and uses the result as an optical head drive mechanism ( The optical head 202 is moved while applying a feedback to the drive current to the feed motor 203.
[0164]
As described in "(11B-3) Optical head moving mechanism" above, frictional force always acts between the guide shaft and the bush or bearing. When the optical head 202 is moving at high speed, kinetic friction acts. However, at the start of movement and immediately before stopping, static friction acts because the moving speed of the optical head 202 is slow. At this time, since the relative frictional force has increased (particularly immediately before the stop), the amplification factor (gain) of the current supplied to the optical head driving mechanism (feed motor) 203 in response to a command from the control unit 220 is increased. .
[0165]
(11D-2-3) Fine access control
When the optical head 202 reaches the target position, the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the track loop.
[0166]
The focused spot reproduces the address or track number of that part while tracing along the track on the information storage medium 201.
[0167]
The current focus spot position is calculated from the address or the track number, the number of error tracks from the target position is calculated in the control unit 220, and the number of tracks required for moving the focus spot is determined by the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. Notify
[0168]
When a set of kick pulses is generated in the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218, the objective lens slightly moves in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201, and the focused spot moves to an adjacent track.
[0169]
In the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218, the track loop is temporarily turned off, and after the number of kick pulses corresponding to the information from the control unit 220 is generated, the track loop is turned on again.
[0170]
After finishing the fine access, the control unit 220 reproduces information (address or track number) of the position where the focused spot is traced, and confirms that the target track is being accessed.
[0171]
(11D-3) Continuous recording / reproduction / erase control
As shown in FIG. 11, the track error detection signal output from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is input to the feed motor drive circuit 216. During the “start control” and the “access control”, the control unit 220 controls the feed motor drive circuit 216 not to use the track error detection signal.
[0172]
After confirming that the focused spot has reached the target track by the access, a part of the track error detection signal is sent to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203 via the motor drive circuit 216 by a command from the control unit 220. Is supplied as a drive current. This control is continued during the period in which the reproduction or the recording / erasing process is continuously performed.
[0173]
The center position of the information storage medium 201 is mounted with an eccentricity slightly shifted from the center position of the turntable 221. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current, the entire optical head 202 slightly moves in accordance with the eccentricity.
[0174]
When the reproduction or the recording / erasing process is continuously performed for a long time, the position of the condensed spot gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current to the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203, the optical head 202 gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction accordingly.
[0175]
In this way, it is possible to reduce the burden of correcting the track shift of the objective lens actuator and to stabilize the track loop.
[0176]
(11D-4) Termination control
When a series of processing is completed and the operation is terminated, the processing is performed according to the following procedure.
[0177]
(1) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop.
[0178]
(2) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the focus loop.
[0179]
(3) The control unit 220 issues a command to the recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 206 to stop the light emission of the semiconductor laser device.
[0180]
(4) The spindle motor drive circuit 215 is notified of 0 as a reference rotation speed.
[0181]
(11E) Flow of recording signal / reproduction signal to information storage medium
(11E-1) Signal format recorded on information storage medium 201
For a signal to be recorded on the information storage medium 201,
○ Enables correction of a recording information error caused by a defect on the information storage medium 201
-To simplify the reproduction processing circuit by setting the DC component of the reproduction signal to 0
○ Record information on the information storage medium 201 as densely as possible
As shown in FIG. 11, the information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) performs "addition of an error correction function" and "signal conversion (modulation / demodulation of a signal) on recorded information" as shown in FIG.
[0182]
(11E-2) Signal flow during recording
(11E-2-1) ECC (Error Correction Code) addition processing
Information to be recorded on the information storage medium 201 is input to the data input / output interface unit 222 as a recording signal d in the form of a raw signal. This recording signal d is recorded as it is in the semiconductor memory 219, and then the ECC encoding circuit 208 performs the following ECC addition processing.
[0183]
An embodiment of an ECC adding method using a product code will be described below.
[0184]
The recording signal d is sequentially arranged in the semiconductor memory 219 one row at a time every 172 bytes, and one set of ECC blocks is formed in 192 rows. For a raw signal (recording signal d) in a set of ECC blocks composed of “row: 172 × column: 192 bytes”, a 10-byte inner code PI is calculated for each row of 172 bytes. Additional recording is performed in the memory 219. Further, a 16-byte outer code PO is calculated for each column in byte units and additionally recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.
[0185]
As an example of recording in the information storage medium 201, 12 lines including the inner code PI and 1 line for the outer code PO are 2366 bytes in total.
2366 = (12 + 1) × (172 + 10)
In one sector of the information storage medium.
[0186]
When the addition of the inner code PI and the outer code PO is completed, the ECC encoding circuit 208 reads a signal of 2366 bytes for one sector from the semiconductor memory 219 and transfers the signal to the modulation circuit 207.
[0187]
(11E-2-2) Signal modulation
The signal modulation, which is a conversion of the signal format, is performed in the modulation circuit 207 in order to bring the DC component (DSV: Digital Sum Value) of the reproduction signal close to 0 and record information at a high density in the information storage medium 201.
[0188]
The modulation circuit 207 and the demodulation circuit 210 have a conversion table indicating the relationship between the original signal and the modulated signal. The signal transferred from the ECC encoding circuit 208 is divided into a plurality of bits according to the modulation method, and converted into another signal (code) with reference to a conversion table.
[0189]
For example, when 8/16 modulation [RLL (2, 10) code] is used as the modulation method, there are two types of conversion tables, and the conversion for reference is performed one by one so that the DC component (DSV) after modulation approaches 0. Switching tables.
[0190]
(11E-2-3) Recording waveform generation
When recording a recording mark on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201, generally, the recording method is as follows.
Mark length recording method: "1" comes at the front end position and the rear terminal position of the recording mark.
[0191]
○ Recording method between marks: The center position of the recording mark coincides with the position of “1”.
[0192]
There are two types:
[0193]
When mark length recording is performed, it is necessary to form a long recording mark. In this case, when the recording light amount is continuously irradiated for a certain period, a “raindrop” recording mark having a wide width only at the rear portion is formed due to the heat storage effect of the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium 201. To eliminate this adverse effect, when forming a long recording mark, the recording mark is divided into a plurality of recording pulses or the recording waveform is changed stepwise.
[0194]
In the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206, the above-described recording waveform is created in accordance with the recording signal sent from the modulation circuit 207 and transmitted to the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205.
[0195]
(11E-3) Signal flow during reproduction
(11E-3-1) Binarization / PLL circuit
As described in “(11B-1-1) Signal Detection by Optical Head 202”, information storage is performed by detecting a change in the amount of light reflected from the light reflection film or light reflection recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201. The signal on the medium 201 is reproduced. The signal obtained by the amplifier 213 has an analog waveform. The binarization circuit 212 converts the signal into a binary digital signal consisting of “1” and “0” using a comparator.
[0196]
A reference signal at the time of information reproduction is extracted by the PLL circuit 211 from the reproduction signal obtained from this. The PLL circuit 211 includes a variable frequency oscillator. The frequency and phase between the pulse signal (reference clock) output from the oscillator and the output signal of the binarization circuit 212 are compared, and the result is fed back to the oscillator output.
[0197]
(11E-3-2) Demodulation of signal
The demodulation circuit 210 has a conversion table indicating the relationship between the modulated signal and the demodulated signal. The signal is returned to the original signal while referring to the conversion table in accordance with the reference clock obtained by the PLL circuit 211. The returned (demodulated) signal is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.
[0198]
(11E-3-3) Error correction processing
The error correction circuit 209 detects an error portion of the signal stored in the semiconductor memory 219 by using the inner code PI and the outer code PO, and sets a pointer flag of the error portion.
[0199]
Thereafter, while reading the signal from the semiconductor memory 219, the signal at the error location is sequentially corrected in accordance with the error pointer flag, and the inner code PI and the outer code PO are removed and transferred to the data input / output interface unit 222.
[0200]
The signal transmitted from the ECC encoding circuit 208 is output from the data input / output interface unit 222 as a reproduction signal c.
[0201]
When a DVD-RAM disc is used as an information storage medium for recording a video file, a UDF (Universal Disk Format) is often used as a file format. Therefore, the UDF content will be described below with reference to FIGS. Perform
[0202]
(12A) Outline of UDF (What is UDF)
(12A-1) What is UDF?
UDF is an abbreviation of Universal Disk Format, and mainly indicates "a rule concerning a file management method" in a disk-shaped information storage medium. The CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD video, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, and DVD-RAM adopt the UDF format standardized by "ISO9660".
[0203]
The file management method is basically based on a hierarchical file system that has a root directory as a parent and manages files in a tree shape.
[0204]
Here, the UDF format based on the DVD-RAM standard (File System Specifications) will be mainly described, but most of the description is consistent with the DVD-ROM standard.
[0205]
(12A-2) Outline of UDF
(12A-2-1) Contents of File Information Recorded on Information Storage Medium
When recording information on an information storage medium, a group of information is called file data (File Data), and recording is performed in file data units. A unique file name is added to each file data to identify it from other file data. Grouping for each of a plurality of file data having common information contents facilitates file management and file search. The group for each of the plurality of file data is called a directory or a folder. A unique directory name (folder name) is added to each directory (folder).
[0206]
Furthermore, the plurality of directories (folders) can be collected and grouped in a higher-level directory (higher-level folder) as a group in a higher hierarchy. Here, the file data and the directory (folder) are collectively called a file.
[0207]
When recording information,
○ File data information itself
○ File name corresponding to file data
○ File data storage location (under which directory to record)
All the information about is recorded on the information storage medium. For each directory (folder)
○ Directory name (folder name)
○ Position to which each directory (folder) belongs [Position of parent directory (parent folder) as its parent]
All the information about is also recorded on the information storage medium.
[0208]
(12A-2-2) Information recording format on information storage medium
All recording areas on the information storage medium are divided into logical sectors each having a minimum unit of 2048 bytes, and logical sector numbers are sequentially assigned to all logical sectors. When information is recorded on the information storage medium, the information is recorded on a logical sector basis. The recording position on the information storage medium is managed by the logical sector number of the logical sector in which this information has been recorded.
[0209]
As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a logical sector in which information on the file structure 486 and the file data 487 is recorded is also particularly called a “logical block”, and is linked with a logical sector number (LSN) to a logical block number (LBN). ) Is set. The length of the logical block is 2048 bytes like the logical sector.
[0210]
(12A-2-3) Example of Simplifying Hierarchical File System
FIG. 14A shows an example of a simplified hierarchical file system. Most OS file management systems such as UNIX, MacOS, MS-DOS and Windows have a tree-like hierarchical structure as shown in FIG.
[0211]
For each disk drive (for example, when one HDD is divided into a plurality of partitions, each partition unit is indicated), there is one root directory 401 which is the parent of the entire disk drive. The subdirectory 402 belongs. File data 403 exists in this subdirectory 402.
[0212]
Actually, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the file data 403 may exist directly below the root directory 401, or may have a complicated hierarchical structure in which a plurality of subdirectories 402 are connected in series.
[0213]
(12A-2-4) Recorded content of file management information on information storage medium
The file management information is recorded on a logical block basis as described above. The contents recorded in each logical block are mainly
-Description FID (File Identifier Descriptor) indicating information about the file
... Describes the file type and file name (root directory name, subdirectory name, file data name, etc.).
[0214]
... The FID also describes the data content of the file data following it, and a descriptive sentence indicating the recording location of the contents of the directory (that is, the recording position of the FE described below corresponding to the file).
[0215]
A description sentence FE (File Entry) indicating the recording position of the file contents
... Describes the data content of the file data and the position (logical block number) on the information storage medium where the information on the contents of the directory (such as a subdirectory) is recorded.
[0216]
It is.
[0217]
FIG. 15 shows an excerpt of the description content of the file identifier descriptor. The details will be described in "(12B-4) File Identifier Descriptor". An excerpt of the description contents of the file entry is shown in FIG. 16, and its detailed description will be made in “(12B-3) File Entry”.
[0218]
The description sentence indicating the recording position on the information storage medium uses the long allocation descriptor shown in FIG. 17 and the short allocation descriptor shown in FIG. Each of these will be described in detail in "(12B-1-2) Long Allocation Descriptor" and "(12B-1-3) Short Allocation Descriptor".
[0219]
As an example, FIG. 14B shows the recorded contents when the information of the file system structure of FIG. 14A is recorded on the information storage medium. The recorded contents in FIG. 14B are as follows.
[0220]
The contents of the root directory 401 are shown in the logical block of the logical block number “1”.
[0221]
In the example of FIG. 14A, since only the subdirectory 402 is included in the root directory 401, information on the subdirectory 402 is described in the file identifier descriptor statement 404 as the contents of the root directory 401. . Although not shown, the information of the root directory 401 itself is also written in the same logical block in the form of a file identifier descriptor statement.
[0222]
The recording position of the file entry statement 405 indicating where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the file identifier descriptor statement 404 of the subdirectory 402 [the second logical block in the example of FIG. ] Is described in the long allocation descriptor sentence [LAD (2)].
[0223]
The file entry statement 405 indicating the position where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded is recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “2”.
[0224]
Since only the file data 403 is contained in the subdirectory 402 in the example of FIG. 14A, the file identity fuzzy in which information about the file data 403 is substantially described as the contents of the subdirectory 402 This indicates the recording position of the scripter sentence 406.
[0225]
The short allocation descriptor sentence in the file entry sentence describes that the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the third logical block [AD (3)].
[0226]
The contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “3”.
[0227]
... In the example of FIG. 14A, only the file data 403 is contained in the subdirectory 402. Therefore, information on the file data 403 is described in the file identifier 406 as the contents of the subdirectory 402. . Although not shown, the information of the subdirectory 402 itself is also written in the same logical block in the form of a file identifier descriptor statement.
[0228]
The recording position of the file entry statement 407 indicating where the content of the file data 403 is recorded in the file identifier descriptor statement 406 relating to the file data 403 [the fourth position in the example of FIG. Recorded in a logical block] is described in a long allocation descriptor statement [LAD (4)].
[0229]
The file entry statement 407 indicating the position where the contents 408 and 409 of the file data 403 are recorded is recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “4”.
[0230]
.. [AD (5), AD (6)] that the contents 408 and 409 of the file data 403 are recorded in the fifth and sixth logical blocks are described in the short allocation descriptor statement in the file entry statement 407. I have.
[0231]
The contents information (a) 408 of the file data 403 is recorded in the logical block having the logical block number “5”.
[0232]
The contents information (b) 409 of the file data 403 is recorded in the logical block having the logical block number “6”.
[0233]
(12A-2-5) Method of Accessing File Data According to FIG. 14 (b) Information
As described briefly above in “(12A-2-4) File system information recorded contents on information storage medium”, the file identifier descriptors 404 and 406 and the file entries 405 and 407 contain information subsequent thereto. The described logical block number is described. In the same manner as arriving at the file data via the sub-directory while descending the hierarchy from the root directory, in accordance with the file identifier descriptor and the logical block number described in the file entry, the logical block on the information storage medium is Access the data contents of file data while sequentially reproducing information.
[0234]
That is, to access the file data 403 for the information shown in FIG. 14B, first, the first logical block information is read. Since the file data 403 exists in the subdirectory 402, the file identifier 404 of the subdirectory 402 is searched from the first logical block information, and the LAD (2) is read. Read the information of the logical block.
[0235]
Since only one file entry statement is described in the second logical block, AD (3) in the statement is read and the process moves to the third logical block. In the third logical block, the file identifier 406 described for the file data 403 is searched, and the LAD (4) is read. When moving to the fourth logical block in accordance with LAD (4), since only one file entry statement 407 is described therein, AD (5) and AD (6) are read, and the contents of file data 403 are recorded. Logical block numbers (5th and 6th) that have been set.
[0236]
The contents of AD (*) and LAD (*) will be described in detail in “(12B) Specific description of each description sentence (disc libter) of UDF”.
[0237]
(12A-3) Features of UDF
(12A-3-1) Features of UDF
The features of the UDF will be described below by comparing with a FAT used in an HDD, FDD, MO, or the like.
[0238]
(1) A minimum unit (such as a minimum logical block size and a minimum logical sector size) is large and is suitable for recording video information and music information having a large amount of information to be recorded.
[0239]
.. The logical sector (block) size of the UDF is as large as 2048 bytes while the logical sector size of the FAT is 512 bytes.
[0240]
(2) In the FAT, a file management table (file allocation table) for allocating a file to an information storage medium is locally and centrally recorded on the information storage medium, whereas in the UDF, the file management information is stored at an arbitrary position on the disk. Distributed recording is possible.
[0241]
In the UDF, the recording position of the file management information and file data on the disk is described as a logical sector (block) number in the allocation descriptor.
[0242]
The FAT is centrally managed in a file management area (file allocation table), so that it is suitable for applications requiring frequent changes in file structure (mainly frequent rewrite applications). Because the information is recorded in the central location, it is easy to rewrite the management information. Also, since the recording location of the file management information (file allocation table) is determined in advance, it is assumed that the recording medium has high reliability (the number of defective areas is small).
[0243]
In the UDF, since the file management information is distributed and arranged, the file structure is not greatly changed, and a new file structure is added later in a lower part of the hierarchy (mainly a part below the root directory) ( Suitable mainly for postscript use). At the time of appending, there are few changes to the previous file management information.
[0244]
In addition, since the recording position of the distributed file management information can be arbitrarily specified, the recording can be performed while avoiding a congenital defective portion. Since the file management information can be recorded at an arbitrary position, all the file management information can be collected and recorded in one place, and the advantage of the FAT can be obtained. Therefore, the file system can be considered as a more versatile file system.
[0245]
(12B) Specific description of each description sentence (descriptor) of UDF
(12B-1) Description of logical block number
(12B-1-1) Allocation descriptor
First, as shown in “(12A-2-4) File system information recorded contents on information storage medium”, information included in a part of a file identifier descriptor, a file entry, or the like, and subsequent information is recorded. A description sentence indicating the position (logical block number) is called an allocation descriptor. The allocation descriptor includes a long allocation descriptor and a short allocation descriptor described below.
[0246]
(12B-1-2) Long allocation descriptor
As shown in FIG.
-Extent length 410: The number of logical blocks is displayed in 4 bytes
-Extent position 411: The corresponding logical block number is displayed in 4 bytes
・ Implementation use 412: Information used for arithmetic processing, displayed in 8 bytes
Etc. In this description, the description is simplified and described as "LAD (logical block number)".
[0247]
(12B-1-3) Short allocation descriptor
As shown in FIG.
-Extent length 410: The number of logical blocks is displayed in 4 bytes
-Extent position 411: The corresponding logical block number is displayed in 4 bytes
It is composed only of In this description, the description is simplified and described as "AD (logical block number)".
[0248]
(12B-2) Space entry not allocated
As shown in FIG. 19, “unrecorded extent distribution” on the information storage medium is described by a short allocation descriptor for each extent, and is described in a description sentence, which is used in a space table (see FIGS. 12 and 13). Can be Specifically,
-Descriptor tag 413: Indicates the identifier of the description content, in this case "263"
ICB tag 414: Indicates a file type. The file type = 1 in the ICB tag indicates a space entry that is not allocated, the file type = 4 indicates a directory, and the file type = 5 indicates file data.
[0249]
• Total length of allocation descriptor string 415 ... 4 bytes, indicating the total number of bytes
Are described.
[0250]
(12B-3) File entry
The description sentence described earlier in "(12A-2-4) File system information recorded contents on information storage medium". As shown in FIG.
Descriptor tag 417: Indicates the identifier of the description content, in this case "261"
ICB tag 418: Indicates a file type. The content is the same as (12B-2)
-Permission 419: Indicates recording / reproduction / deletion permission information for each user. It is mainly used to ensure file security.
[0251]
Allocation descriptor 420: The position where the contents of the file are recorded is described by arranging short allocation descriptors for each extent.
Are described.
[0252]
(12B-4) File identifier descriptor
A description sentence describing file information as described in "(12A-2-4) File system information recorded contents on information storage medium" above. As shown in FIG.
-Descriptor tag 421: Indicates the identifier of the description content, in this case "257"
File characteristic 422: Indicates the type of a file, and means any of a parent directory, a directory, file data, and a file deletion flag.
[0253]
Information control block 423: The FE position corresponding to this file is described by a long allocation descriptor.
[0254]
File identifier 424: Directory name or file name.
[0255]
Padding 437: A dummy area added to adjust the overall length of the file identifier descriptor, and normally all "0" are recorded.
[0256]
Is described.
[0257]
(12C) File structure description example recorded on information storage medium according to UDF
The details shown in “(12A-2) Outline of UDF” will be described in detail below using a specific example.
[0258]
FIG. 20 shows an example of a more general file system structure with respect to FIG. The information in parentheses indicates the logical block number on the information storage medium in which the information on the contents of the directory or the data content of the file data is recorded.
[0259]
FIGS. 12 and 13 show examples in which the information of the file system structure of FIG. 20 is recorded on an information storage medium according to the UDF format.
[0260]
As an unrecorded position management method on an information storage medium,
○ Space bit map method
A flag “recorded” or “unrecorded” is set for all logical blocks in the recording area in the information storage medium using the space bitmap descriptor 470 in a bitmap manner.
[0261]
○ Space table method
Using the description method of the space entry 471 that is not allocated, all the unrecorded logical block numbers are described as a list of the short allocation descriptors.
[0262]
There are two methods.
[0263]
In the description of the present embodiment, both methods are purposefully described in FIGS. 12 and 13 for the purpose of explanation, but in practice both are rarely used together (recorded on the information storage medium). , Only one of them is used.
[0264]
An outline of the contents of the main directories described in FIGS. 12 and 13 is as follows.
[0265]
Beginning extent area descriptor 445... Indicates the start position of the volume recognition sequence 444.
[0266]
-Volume structure descriptor 446: A description of the contents of the volume is described.
[0267]
-Boot descriptor 447: Describes the processing contents at the time of boot.
[0268]
Terminating extent area descriptor 448... Indicates the end position of the volume recognition sequence 444.
[0269]
Partition descriptor 450: Indicates partition information (such as size). In DVD-RAM, one partition per volume is in principle.
[0270]
-Logical volume descriptor 454 ... describes the contents of the logical volume.
[0271]
Anchor volume descriptor pointer 458... Indicates the recording position of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 and the reserved volume descriptor sequence 467 in the information storage medium recording area.
[0272]
Reserved (all 00h bytes) 459 to 465: Record a specific disc rebooter. In order to secure a logical sector number, an adjustment area in which all “0” s are recorded is provided between them.
[0273]
Reserve volume descriptor sequence 467: A backup area for information recorded in the main volume descriptor sequence 449.
[0274]
(12D) Method of accessing file data during playback
An access processing method on the information storage medium for reproducing the data content of the file data H432 (see FIG. 20) using the file system information shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 will be described.
[0275]
(1) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process,
(2) First, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.
[0276]
(3) The logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded therein is indicated by the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17). It has been described in. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 100th logical block from LAD (100).
[0277]
(4) Access the 100th logical block (the 372nd logical sector number) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
(5) Access the 102nd logical block, reproduce the file entry 475 relating to the root directory A425, and read the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded [AD (103)].
[0278]
(6) Access the 103rd logical block and reproduce information about the contents of the root directory A425. Since the file data H432 exists under the directory D428 series, a file identifier descriptor for the directory D428 is searched for, and a logical block number in which a file entry for the directory D428 is recorded [not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] Reads LAD (110)].
[0279]
(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].
[0280]
(8) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. Since the file data H432 exists directly below the subdirectory F430, a file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430 is searched for, and the logical block number in which the file entry for the subdirectory F430 is recorded [FIG. 12 and FIG. Although not shown, LAD (112)] is read.
[0281]
(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].
[0282]
(10) The 113th logical block is accessed, information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor for the file data H432 is searched. Then, a logical block number [LAD (114), not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which a file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read from the logical block number.
[0283]
(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.
[0284]
(12) Information is reproduced from the information storage medium in the order of the logical block numbers described in the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432, and the data contents 489 of the file data H432 are read.
[0285]
(12E) Specific file data change method
A processing method including access when changing the data content of the file data H432, for example, using the file system information shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 will be described.
[0286]
(1) Calculate the capacity difference of the data contents before and after the change of the file data H432, divide the value by 2048 bytes, and add or use a number of logical blocks to record the changed data. It will be calculated in advance.
[0287]
(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process,
(3) First, the partition descriptor 450 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read. In this partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.
[0288]
The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 that is not allocated. AD (50) in the examples of FIGS. Also,
The space bit map position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space bit map 453 that is not allocated. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.
[0289]
(4) Access the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (3) is described. The space bitmap information is read from the space bitmap descriptor 470, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (processing for rewriting the information of the space bitmap descriptor 460). Or
(4 ') Access to the logical block number (50) in which the space table read in (3) is described. An unrecorded logical block is searched from USE (AD (*), AD (*),..., AD (*)) 471 of the space table, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (space table). Information rewriting process). In actual processing, either (4) or ((4 ')) is performed.
[0290]
(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.
[0291]
(6) Logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded there is a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17). It has been described in. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100).
[0292]
(7) Access the 100th logical block (the 400th logical sector number) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A 425 is recorded in the root directory ICB 473 is described in a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
8) Access the 102nd logical block, reproduce the file entry 475 relating to the root directory A425, and read the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded [AD (103)].
[0293]
(9) Access the 103rd logical block and reproduce information about the contents of the root directory A425. Since the file data H432 exists under the directory D428 series, a file identifier descriptor for the directory D428 is searched for, and a logical block number in which a file entry for the directory D428 is recorded [not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] Reads LAD (110)].
[0294]
(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].
(11) Access the 111-th logical block and reproduce information about the contents of the directory D428. Since the file data H432 exists directly below the subdirectory F430, a file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430 is searched for, and the logical block number in which the file entry for the subdirectory F430 is recorded [FIG. 12 and FIG. Although not shown, LAD (112)] is read.
[0295]
(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].
[0296]
(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor for the file data H432 is searched. Then, a logical block number [LAD (114), not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which a file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read from the logical block number.
[0297]
(14) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.
[0298]
(15) The data content 489 of the changed file data H432 is recorded in consideration of the logical block number additionally registered in the above (4) or (4 ').
[0299]
(12F) Specific file data / directory erasure processing method
As an example, a method of deleting the file data H432 or the subdirectory F430 will be described.
[0300]
(1) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process,
(2) First, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.
[0301]
(3) Logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded therein is a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17). It has been described in. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100).
[0302]
(4) Access the 100th logical block (the logical block number is 400th) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
(5) Access the 102nd logical block, reproduce the file entry 475 relating to the root directory A425, and read the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded [AD (103)].
[0303]
(6) Access the 103rd logical block and reproduce information about the contents of the root directory A425. Since the file data H432 exists under the directory D428 series, a file identifier descriptor for the directory D428 is searched for, and a logical block number in which a file entry for the directory D428 is recorded [not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] Reads LAD (110)].
[0304]
(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].
[0305]
(8) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. Since the file data H432 exists directly under the subdirectory F430, a file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430 is searched.
[0306]
<< When deleting subdirectory F430 >>
The "file deletion flag" is set in the file characteristic 422 (FIG. 15) in the file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430.
[0307]
The logical block number [LAD (112), not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which the file entry relating to the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read.
[0308]
(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].
[0309]
(10) The 113th logical block is accessed, information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor for the file data H432 is searched.
[0310]
<< When deleting the file data H432 >>
The "file deletion flag" is set in the file characteristic 422 (FIG. 15) in the file identifier descriptor for the file data H432.
[0311]
Further, a logical block number [LAD (114) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which a file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read therefrom.
[0312]
(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.
[0313]
<< When deleting the file data H432 >>
The logical block in which the data content 489 of the file data H432 has been recorded is released by the following method (the logical block is registered in an unrecorded state).
[0314]
(12) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read. In the partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.
[0315]
The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 that is not allocated. AD (50) in the examples of FIGS. Also,
The space bitmap position is described in the space bitmap 453 column that is not allocated in the form of a short allocation descriptor. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.
[0316]
(13) Access the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (12) above is described, and use the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of (11) as a space bitmap descriptor. Rewritten to 470. Or
(13 ') The logical block number (50) described in the space table read in (12) is accessed, and the "logical block number to be released" obtained as a result of (11) is rewritten to the space table. In actual processing, one of "(13)" and "(13 ')" is performed.
[0317]
<< When deleting the file data H432 >>
(12) The position where the data content 490 of the file data I433 is recorded is read by following the same procedure as in the above (10) to (11).
[0318]
(13) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read. In the partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.
[0319]
The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 that is not allocated. AD (50) in the examples of FIGS. Also,
The space bitmap position is described in the space bitmap 453 column that is not allocated in the form of a short allocation descriptor. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.
[0320]
(14) Access the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (13) has been described, and replace the "logical block number to be released" obtained as a result of (11) and (12) with a space. Rewrite to bitmap descriptor 470. Or
(14 ') Access the logical block number (50) in which the space table read in (13) has been described earlier, and place the "logical block number to be released" obtained as a result of (11) and (12) in the space. Rewrite to table. In actual processing, one of "(14)" and "(14 ')" is performed.
[0321]
(12G) File data / directory addition processing
As an example, an access / addition processing method when adding new file data or a directory under the subdirectory F430 will be described.
[0322]
(1) When adding file data, the capacity of the file data to be added is checked, the value is divided by 2048 bytes, and the number of logical blocks required for adding the file data is calculated.
[0323]
(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process,
(3) First, the partition descriptor 450 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced, and the information of the partition content use 451 described therein is read. In the partition content use 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), a recording position of a space table or a space bitmap is shown.
[0324]
The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 that is not allocated. AD (50) in the examples of FIGS. Also,
The space bitmap position is described in the space bitmap 453 column that is not allocated in the form of a short allocation descriptor. AD (0) in the examples of FIGS.
[0325]
(4) Access the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (3) is described. The space bitmap information is read from the space bitmap descriptor 470, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (processing for rewriting the information of the space bitmap descriptor 470). Or
(4 ') Access to the logical block number (50) in which the space table read in (3) is described. An unrecorded logical block is searched from USE (AD (*), AD (*),..., AD (*)) 471 of the space table, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (space table). Information rewriting process). In actual processing, one of "(4)" and "(4 ')" is performed.
[0326]
(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.
[0327]
(6) Logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17). It has been described in. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100).
[0328]
(7) Access the 100th logical block (the 400th logical sector number) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
(8) The 102nd logical block is accessed, the file entry 475 relating to the root directory A425 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].
[0329]
(9) Access the 103rd logical block and reproduce information about the contents of the root directory A425. A file identifier descriptor for the directory D428 is searched for, and the logical block number [LAD (110), not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13) in which the file entry for the directory D428 is recorded is read.
[0330]
(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].
(11) Access the 111-th logical block and reproduce information about the contents of the directory D428. A file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430 is searched for, and the logical block number [LAD (112) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which the file entry for the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read.
[0331]
(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].
[0332]
(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, and the file data to be newly added or the file identifier descriptor of the directory is registered in the information on the contents of the subdirectory F430.
[0333]
(14) The logical block number position registered in the above (4) or (4 ') is accessed, and a file entry relating to newly added file data or directory is recorded.
[0334]
(15) Access the logical block number position indicated in the short allocation descriptor in the file entry of (14) above and record the data contents of the file identifier descriptor of the parent directory or the file data to be added concerning the directory to be added. I do.
[0335]
FIGS. 21 (a) and 21 (b) illustrate a file position setting method according to a conventional method having no unrecorded area in a video file. Consider a case where two PC files and one video file are recorded in a data area 1004 on an information storage medium as shown in FIG. LBN in FIG. 21 means a logical block number (logical block number). When the LBN at the start position of each file is A, F, or C, the recording position on the file entry of the PC file is FE (AD) using the notation of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 or FIG. (A)) and FE (AD (F)). In FIG. 21A, since the video file # 1 is recorded in one place and can be described by one extent, the file entry corresponding to this file is FE (AD (C)).
[0336]
Next, a case is considered where the LBN in video file # 1 has partially erased the portion from D to E. Since the existence of an unrecorded area in the conventional file is not allowed, the recording position of the video file # 1 on the information storage medium is divided into two positions as shown in FIG. As a result, since the extent describing the allocation (recording position) of the video file is divided into two, the file entry of this video file is FE (AD (C), AD (E)). Since continuous recording and continuous reproduction management of video information are not performed on the UDF, the area where LBN is from D to E is regarded as an unrecorded area at the stage of FIG. 21B, and another file is recorded in this area. Will be allowed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 21C, the PC file # 3 may be recorded there.
[0337]
Next, even if another video information is used for recording, the LBN cannot be recorded between D and E, and a video file which is another video file is placed at a location where LBN greatly separated from video file # 1 starts with G. Recorded as # 2. In the case of the conventional method in which an unrecorded area is not allowed in a video file, the video files are scattered on the information storage medium as shown in FIG. Continuous playback becomes difficult due to the influence of the head access time. Similarly, continuous recording becomes difficult in the conventional method.
[0338]
FIG. 22 illustrates a method of setting a file recording position on an information storage medium when an unrecorded area is allowed in a video file according to the present invention. FIG. 22A matches FIG. 21A. When the LBN partially erases from D to E, the file size of the video file does not change as shown in FIG. 22B since the video file # 1 has an unrecorded area in the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the file entry for the video file remains at FE (AD (C)). Therefore, even when a new PC file is recorded, the PC file does not enter between the video files # 1 as shown in FIG.
[0339]
Next, when the video information is additionally recorded by recording, the additionally recorded information enters the unrecorded area of LBN from D to E, and changes to the additionally recorded area. As described above, according to the method of the present invention, the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 does not need to change the UDF file system information for each partial erasure in a small amount and additional recording by recording. It will be easier. Furthermore, when video information to be recorded increases, the video file size increases. An unrecorded area having an LBN ranging from B to C in FIG. 22C is absorbed by the video file # 1. While the extent of the video file in FIG. 22 (c) is one AD (C), the extent of AD (A) is increased by one in FIG. 22 (d), and the file entry is FE (AD (C)). , AD (B)).
[0340]
Next, a detailed structure and a defect management method in the DVD-RAM disk will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 23 is a view for explaining the layout of the schematic recording contents in the DVD-RAM disk.
[0341]
That is, the lead-in area 607 on the inner circumference side of the disc includes an embossed data zone 611 having a light-reflecting surface having an uneven shape, a mirror zone 612 having a flat (mirror) surface, and a rewritable data zone 613 capable of being rewritten. As shown in FIG. 24, the embossed data zone 611 includes a reference signal zone 653 representing a reference signal and a control data zone 655, and the mirror zone 612 includes a connection zone 657.
[0342]
The rewritable data zone 613 includes a disk test zone 659, a drive test zone 660, a disk identification zone 662 indicating a disk ID (identifier), and defect management areas DMA1 and DMA2 663.
[0343]
As shown in FIG. 25, the lead-out area 609 on the outer peripheral side of the disc includes defect management areas DMA3 and DMA4 691, a disc identification zone 692 indicating a disc ID (identifier), a drive test zone 694, A rewritable rewritable data zone 645 including a disk test zone 695 is provided.
[0344]
The data area 608 between the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609 is divided into 24 annual ring-shaped zones 00 620 to 23643. Each zone (Zone) has a constant rotation speed, but the rotation speed differs between different zones. Also, the number of sectors constituting each zone is different for each zone. Specifically, the zone on the inner circumference side of the disk (eg, zone 00 620) has a high rotation speed and a small number of constituent sectors.
[0345]
On the other hand, the zone on the outer peripheral side of the disk (eg, zone 23643) has a low rotation speed and a large number of constituent sectors. With such a layout, high-speed access such as CAV is realized in each zone, and high-density recording such as CLV is realized in the entire zone.
[0346]
FIGS. 24 and 25 are diagrams for explaining details of the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609 in the layout of FIG.
[0347]
The control data zone 655 of the embossed data zone 611 includes a book type and part version 671 indicating a type (DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, etc.) and a part version of the applicable DVD standard, a disc size and A disk size and minimum readout rate 672 indicating the minimum read rate, a disk structure 673 indicating a disk structure such as a single-layer ROM disk, a single-layer RAM disk, a double-layer ROM disk, a recording density 674 indicating a recording density, and data (Burst Cutting Area) in which the data area allocation 675 indicating the position where the information is recorded and the serial number of the information storage medium in a non-rewritable manner are recorded on the inner peripheral side of the information storage medium. A descriptor 676, a velocity 677 indicating a linear velocity condition for specifying an exposure amount during recording, a read power 678 indicating an exposure amount on an information storage medium during reproduction, and information storage for forming a recording mark during recording. A peak power 679 indicating the maximum exposure amount to be applied to the medium, a bias power 680 indicating the maximum exposure amount to be applied to the information storage medium at the time of erasing, and information 682 relating to the manufacture of the medium are recorded.
[0348]
In other words, the control data zone 655 includes information on the entire information storage medium such as a physical sector number indicating a recording start / end position, a recording power, a recording pulse width, an erasing power, a reproducing power, a recording / reproducing power. Information such as a linear velocity at the time of erasing, information on recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics, and information on manufacturing of an information storage medium such as a serial number of each disk are recorded in advance.
[0349]
In the rewritable data zones 613 and 645 of the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609, a unique disc name recording area (disc identification zone 662, 692) for each medium and a test recording area (recording / erasing conditions) are provided. Drive test zones 660 and 694 and disc test zones 659 and 695) for confirming the above, and management information recording areas (DMA1 & DMA2 663, DMA3 & DMA4 691) related to a defective area in the data area. By using these areas, optimal recording can be performed on individual disks.
[0350]
FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining details in the data area 608 in the layout of FIG.
[0351]
The same number of groups (Groups) are assigned to each of the 24 zones, and each group includes a pair of a user area 723 used for data recording and a spare area 724 used for replacement processing. A pair of the user area 723 and the spare area 724 is separated by guard areas 771 and 772 for each zone. Further, the user area 723 and the spare area 724 of each group are included in the zone of the same rotation speed, and the smaller group number belongs to the high-speed rotation zone, and the larger group number belongs to the low-speed rotation zone. The low-speed rotation zone group has a larger number of sectors than the high-speed rotation zone group, but the low-speed rotation zone has a larger rotating radius of the disk, so that the physical recording density on the disk is almost the same for the entire zone (all groups). Become uniform.
[0352]
In each group, the user area 723 is arranged on the smaller sector number (that is, the inner circumference side on the disk), and the spare area 724 is arranged on the larger sector number (the outer circumference side on the disk).
[0353]
Next, a recording signal structure of information recorded on a DVD-RAM disk as an information storage medium and a method of creating the recording signal structure will be described. The information itself recorded on the medium is called "information", and the structure or expression after scrambling or modulating the same information, that is, "1" after the signal form is converted. The connection between the states “0” and “0” is expressed as “signal”, and the two are appropriately distinguished.
[0354]
FIG. 27 is a view for explaining the internal structure of a sector included in the data area shown in FIG. One sector 501a in FIG. 27 corresponds to one of the sector numbers in FIG. 26, and has a size of 2048 bytes as shown in FIG. Although not shown, each sector starts with headers 573 and 574 previously recorded on the recording surface of the information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk) in an uneven structure such as embossing, and is synchronized with synchronization codes 575 and 576 and after modulation. Signals 577 and 578 are included alternately.
[0355]
Next, an ECC block processing method for a DVD-RAM disk will be described.
[0356]
FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining a recording unit (ECC unit of Error Correction Code) of information included in the data area 608 of FIG.
[0357]
In a FAT (File Allocation Table) often used in a file system of an information storage medium for a personal computer (such as a hard disk HDD or a magneto-optical disk MO), information is recorded on the information storage medium in a minimum unit of 256 bytes or 512 bytes.
[0358]
On the other hand, in an information storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, and a DVD-RAM, the above-mentioned UDF (Universal Disk Format) is used as a file system. Here, information is transferred to the information storage medium in a minimum unit of 2048 bytes. Be recorded. This minimum unit is called a sector. That is, in the information storage medium using the UDF, information of 2048 bytes is recorded for each sector 501 as shown in FIG.
[0359]
Since a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM is handled with a bare disk without using a cartridge, the surface of the information storage medium is easily scratched on the user side or dust is easily attached to the surface. A specific sector (for example, the sector 501c in FIG. 28) cannot be reproduced (or cannot be recorded) due to dust or scratches on the surface of the information storage medium.
[0360]
The DVD adopts an error correction method (ECC using a product code) in consideration of such a situation. Specifically, one ECC (Error Correction Code) block 502 is constituted by 16 sectors (16 sectors from sector 501a to sector 501p in FIG. 28), and a strong error correction function is provided therein. I have it. As a result, even if an error occurs in the ECC block 502 such that the sector 501c cannot be reproduced, the error is corrected and all the information in the ECC block 502 can be correctly reproduced.
[0361]
FIG. 29 is a view for explaining the relationship between zones and groups (see FIG. 26) in the data area 608 of FIG.
[0362]
Each zone 00 620 to zone 23 643 in FIG. 23 is physically arranged on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disc, and has data as described in the column of the physical sector number 604 in FIG. 23 and FIG. The physical sector number (starting physical sector number 701) of the first physical sector of the user area 00 705 in the area 608 is set to 031000h (h: meaning of hexadecimal notation).
[0363]
Further, the physical sector number increases toward the outer peripheral side 704 and is a continuous number regardless of the user area 705, 01 706, 23 707, the spare area 00 708, 01 709, 23 710, and the guard area 711, 712, 713. Is given. Therefore, continuity is maintained in the physical sector numbers across the zones 620 to 643.
[0364]
On the other hand, guard areas 711, 712, and 713 are inserted and arranged between groups 714, 715, and 716, which are pairs of user areas 705, 706, and 707 and spare areas 708, 709, and 710, respectively. . Therefore, the physical sector numbers across the groups 714, 715, and 716 have discontinuities as shown in FIG.
[0365]
When the DVD-RAM disk having the configuration shown in FIG. 29 is used in an information recording / reproducing apparatus having an information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) shown in FIG. 11, the optical head 202 is moved to the guard areas 711, 712, 713. A process of switching the rotation speed of the DVD-RAM disk during the passage can be performed. For example, when the optical head 202 seeks from the group 00 714 to the group 01 715, the rotation speed of the DVD-RAM disk is switched while passing through the guard area 711.
[0366]
FIG. 30 is a view for explaining a method of setting a logical sector number in the data area 608 of FIG. The minimum unit of a logical sector is the same as the minimum unit of a physical sector, and is a unit of 2048 bytes. Each logical sector is assigned to a corresponding physical sector position according to the following rules.
[0367]
As shown in FIG. 29, since the guard areas 711, 712, and 713 are physically provided on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk, there is a discontinuity in the physical sector numbers across the groups 714, 715, and 716. Although this occurs, the logical sector numbers are set in such a manner that they are connected continuously at positions across the groups 00 714, 01 715, 23 716.
[0368]
The arrangement of the groups 00 714, 01 715 to 23 716 is such that the smaller group number (the smaller physical sector number) is arranged on the inner periphery side (the lead-in area 607 side) of the DVD-RAM disc, and the group number The larger one (larger physical sector number) is arranged on the outer peripheral side (lead-out area 609 side) of the DVD-RAM disk.
[0369]
In this arrangement, if there is no defect on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk, each logical sector is allocated to all physical sectors in the user area 00 705 to 23 707 in FIG. The logical sector number of the sector at the position of the starting physical sector number 701 in which the number is 031000h is set to 0h (see the column of the logical sector number 774 of the first sector in each group in FIG. 26). As described above, when there is no defect on the recording surface, a logical sector number is not set in advance for each sector in the spare areas 00 708 to 23 710.
[0370]
When a defective sector is found in the user area 00 705 to 23 707 at the time of a Certify process, which is a process of detecting a defect position on a recording surface in advance before recording on a DVD-RAM disk, at the time of reproduction, or at the time of recording. , Logical sector numbers are set for the corresponding sectors in the spare areas 00 708 to 23 710 by the number of sectors that have undergone the replacement process as a result of the replacement process.
[0371]
Next, several methods for processing defects generated in the user area will be described. Before that, a defect management area necessary for the defect processing (DMA1 to DMA4 in FIG. 24 or FIG. 25).
663, 691) and related matters will be described.
[0372]
[Defect management area]
The defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) include data area configuration and defect management information, and are composed of, for example, 32 sectors. Two defect management areas (DMA1, DMA2 663) are arranged in the lead-in area 607 of the DVD-RAM disc, and the other two defect management areas (DMA3, DMA4 691) are arranged in the lead-out area 609 of the DVD-RAM disc. Placed in After each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691), a spare sector (spare sector) is appropriately added.
[0373]
Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4663, 691) is divided into two blocks. The first block of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) includes a definition information structure (DDS; Disk Definition Structure) of a DVD-RAM disc and a primary defect list (PDL; Primary Defect List). The second block of each of the defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) contains a secondary defect list (SDL; Secondary Defect List). The four primary defect lists (PDL) of the four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) have the same content, and the four secondary defect lists (SDL) also have the same content.
[0374]
The four definition information structures (DDS) of the four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) have basically the same contents, but the pointers to the PDL and SDL of each of the four defect management areas are individually set. It is the content of.
[0375]
Here, the DDS / PDL block means the first block including the DDS and the PDL. The SDL block means a second block including the SDL.
[0376]
The contents of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) after the initialization of the DVD-RAM disk are as follows:
(1) The first sector of each DDS / PDL block contains a DDS.
[0377]
(2) The second sector of each DDS / PDL block contains PDL.
[0378]
(3) The first sector of each SDL block contains the SDL.
[0379]
The block lengths of the primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are determined by the respective numbers of entries. Unused sectors in each of the defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) are overwritten with data 0FFh. All spare sectors are overwritten with 00h.
[0380]
[Disk definition information]
The definition information structure DDS includes a table having a length of one sector. This DDS has contents for defining a method of initializing a disk and start addresses of PDL and SDL. The DDS is recorded in the first sector of each defect management area (DMA) at the end of the initialization of the disk.
[0381]
[Spare sector]
Defective sectors in each data area 608 are replaced (replaced) with normal sectors by a predetermined defect management method (verification, slipping replacement, skipping replacement, linear replacement described later). The position of the spare sector for this replacement is included in the spare area of each group of spare areas 00 708 to 23 710 shown in FIG. The physical sector number in each spare area is described in the column of spare area 724 in FIG.
[0382]
The DVD-RAM disk can be initialized before use, but this initialization can be performed regardless of whether verification has been performed.
[0383]
Defective sectors are processed by a slipping replacement process (Slipping Replacement Algorithm), a skipping replacement process (Skipping Replacement Algorithm), or a linear replacement process (Linear Replacement Algorithm). By these processes (Algorithm), the total number of entries listed in the PDL and SDL is set to a predetermined number, for example, 4092 or less.
[0384]
[Initialization / Certify]
Before recording user information in the data area 608 of the DVD-RAM disk, an initialization process is often performed, and a defect status inspection (Certify) of all sectors in the data area 608 is often performed. Defective sectors found in the initialization stage are specified, and defective sectors in the user area 723 are interpolated by spare sectors in the spare area 724 by slipping replacement processing or linear replacement processing according to the number of continuous defective sectors. If the spare sectors in the zone of the DVD-RAM disk have been used up during the certification, the DVD-RAM disk is determined to be defective, and the DVD-RAM disk is not used thereafter.
[0385]
All the parameters of the definition information structure DDS are recorded in four DDS sectors. The primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are recorded in four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4663, 691). In the first initialization, the update counter in the SDL is set to 00h, and all reserved blocks are overwritten with 00h.
[0386]
When the disk is used for storing data in a computer, the above-mentioned initialization / Certify is performed, but when the disk is used for video recording, video recording may be performed immediately without performing the above-mentioned initialization / Certify. .
[0387]
FIG. 31B is a view for explaining the slipping replacement algorithm in the data area 608 of FIG.
[0388]
Immediately after the DVD-RAM disc is manufactured (when no user information has been recorded on the disc), or when the user information is recorded first (not overwritten on the already recorded location, but unrecorded) When information is first recorded in an area), this slipping replacement processing is applied as a defect processing method.
[0389]
That is, the found defective data sector (for example, m defective sectors 731) is replaced (or replaced) by the first normal sector (user area 723b) following the defective sector (replacement process 734). As a result, slipping by m sectors (shift backward in the logical sector number) toward the end of the group occurs.
[0390]
Similarly, if n defective sectors 732 are subsequently found, the defective sectors are used in place of the succeeding normal sectors (user area 723c), and the logical sector number setting position is similarly shifted backward. As a result of the replacement process, a logical sector number is set to m + n sectors 737 from the beginning in the spare area 724, and the spare area 724 becomes a user information recordable area. As a result, the unused area 726 in the spare area 724 is reduced by m + n sectors.
[0391]
At this time, the address of the defective sector is written in a primary defect list (PDL), and the recording of the user information of the defective sector is prohibited. If no defective sector is found during certification, nothing is written to the PDL. Similarly, if a defective sector is found in the recording area 743 in the spare area 724, the address of the spare sector is written to the PDL.
[0392]
As a result of the above-mentioned slipping replacement processing, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective sectors and the recording use area 743 in the spare area 724 become the information recording use part (logical sector number setting area 735) of the group, and are continuously connected to this part. The assigned logical sector number is assigned.
[0393]
FIG. 31C is a diagram illustrating a skipping replacement algorithm, which is another replacement process in the data area 608 of FIG.
[0394]
The skipping replacement processing is a processing method suitable for defect processing when it is necessary to continuously (seamlessly) record user information such as video information and audio information without interruption. This skipping replacement process is executed in units of 16 sectors, that is, in units of ECC blocks (in units of 32 kbytes since one sector is 2 kbytes).
[0395]
For example, if one defective ECC block 741 is found after the user area 723a composed of normal ECC blocks, the data to be recorded in this defective ECC block 741 is replaced by the ECC of the immediately following normal user area 723b. It is recorded instead of a block (replacement processing 744). Similarly, if k consecutive defective ECC blocks 742 are found, the data to be recorded in these defective blocks 742 is recorded instead of the k ECC blocks in the immediately succeeding normal user area 723c. .
[0396]
In this way, when 1 + k defective ECC blocks are found in the user area of the corresponding group, the (1 + k) ECC blocks are shifted into the spare area 724 and the extended area used for information recording in the spare area 724. Reference numeral 743 denotes a user information recordable area in which a logical sector number is set. As a result, the unused area 746 of the spare area 724 is reduced by (1 + k) ECC blocks, and the remaining unused area 746 is reduced.
[0397]
As a result of the replacement processing, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective ECC block and the extended area 743 used for information recording become an information recording used part (logical sector number setting area) in the group. As a method of setting the logical sector number at this time, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective ECC block are large in that the logical sector numbers previously allocated at the time of initial setting (before the replacement processing) are kept unchanged. There are features.
[0398]
As a result, the logical sector number previously allocated to each physical sector in the defective ECC block 741 at the time of initial setting is moved to the first physical sector in the extension area 743 used for information recording as it is and set. Further, the logical sector number assigned at the time of initial setting for each physical sector in the k consecutive defect ECC blocks 742 is translated as it is and is set to the corresponding physical sector in the extension area 743 used for information recording. You.
[0399]
In this skipping replacement processing method, even if the DVD-RAM disk has not been certified in advance, the replacement processing can be immediately performed on a defective sector found during recording of user information.
[0400]
FIG. 31D is a diagram for explaining a linear replacement process (Linear Replacement Algorithm) which is still another replacement process in the data area 608 of FIG.
[0401]
This linear replacement process is also executed in units of 16 sectors, that is, in units of ECC blocks (in units of 32 kbytes).
[0402]
In the linear replacement process, the defective ECC block 751 is replaced (replaced) with the first available normal spare block (the first replacement recording location 753 in the spare area 724) in the corresponding group (replacement process 758). In this replacement process, the user information to be recorded on the defective ECC block 751 is recorded as it is on the replacement recording location 753 in the spare area 724, and the logical sector number setting position is also directly on the replacement recording location 753. Moved. Similarly, for the k consecutive defect ECC blocks 752, the user information and the logical sector number setting position to be recorded move to the replacement recording position 754 in the spare area 724.
[0403]
In the case of the linear replacement process and the skipping replacement process, the address of the defective block and the address of the last replacement (replacement) block are written to the SDL. When the replacement block listed in the SDL is later determined to be a defective block, the replacement block is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In the direct pointer method, the address of the replacement block is changed from that of the defective block to the new one, thereby correcting the entry in the SDL in which the replaced defective block is registered. When updating the secondary defect list SDL, the update counter in the SDL is incremented by one.
[0404]
[Write process]
When writing data to a certain group of sectors, defective sectors listed in the primary defect list (PDL) are skipped. Then, the data to be written to the defective sector is written to the next data sector according to the above-described slipping replacement process. If the block to be written is listed in the secondary defect list (SDL), the data to be written to that block is written to the spare block indicated by the SDL according to the above-described linear replacement processing or skipping replacement processing. It is.
[0405]
In a personal computer environment, a linear replacement process is used when recording a personal computer file, and a skipping replacement process is used when recording an AV file.
[0406]
[Primary defect list; PDL]
Although the primary defect list (PDL) is always recorded on a DVD-RAM disc, its contents can be empty.
[0407]
The PDL includes addresses of all defective sectors specified at the time of initialization. These addresses are listed in ascending order. The PDL is recorded with the minimum necessary number of sectors. The PDL then starts from the first user byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the PDL are set to 0FFh. The following information is written in this PDL.
[0408]

[0409]
In the case of a primary defect list (PDL) for a multi-sector, the address list of a defective sector follows the first byte of the second and subsequent succeeding sectors. That is, the PDL identifier and the number of PDL addresses exist only in the first sector. When the PDL is empty, the second and third bytes are set to 00h, and the fourth to 2047th bytes are set to FFh. FFh is written to an unused sector in the DDS / PDL block.
[0410]
[Secondary defect list; SDL]
A secondary defect list (SDL) is generated during the initialization stage and used after certification. All disks have SDL recorded during initialization.
[0411]
The SDL includes a plurality of entries in the form of the address of a defective data block and the address of a spare block that replaces the defective data block. Eight bytes are allocated to each entry in the SDL. That is, four bytes are allocated to the address of the defective block, and the remaining four bytes are allocated to the address of the replacement block.
[0412]
The address list includes the first address of the defective block and its replacement block. The addresses of the defective blocks are assigned in ascending order.
[0413]
The SDL is recorded with a required minimum number of sectors, and the SDL starts from the first user data byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the SDL are set to 0FFh. Subsequent information is recorded in each of the four SDLs.
[0414]
When the replacement block listed in the SDL is later determined to be a defective block, the replacement block is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In the direct pointer method, an entry in the SDL in which the replaced defective block is registered is corrected by changing the address of the replacement block from the address of the defective block to a new address. At this time, the number of entries in the SDL is not changed by the degraded sector.
[0415]
The following information is written in this SDL.
[0416]

[0417]
In the case of the secondary defect list (SDL) for a multi-sector, the address list of the defective block and the replacement block follows the first byte of the second and subsequent succeeding sectors. That is, the 0th byte to the 31st byte of the contents of the SDL exist only in the first sector. FFh is written to an unused sector in the SDL block.
[0418]
FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of setting a logical block number for a DVD-RAM disk or the like.
[0419]
When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is loaded on the rotation table 221 in FIG. 11 (step ST131), the control unit 220 starts the rotation of the spindle motor 204 (step ST132).
[0420]
After the rotation of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 starts, the laser emission of the optical head 202 starts (step ST133), and the focus servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on (step ST134).
[0421]
After the laser emission, the control unit 220 operates the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 to move the optical head 202 to the lead-in area 607 of the rotating information storage medium (optical disc) 201 (step ST135). Then, the track servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on (step ST136).
[0422]
When the track servo is activated, the optical head 202 reproduces information in the control data zone 655 (see FIG. 24) in the lead-in area 607 of the information storage medium (optical disc) 201 (step ST137). By reproducing the book type and part version 671 in the control data zone 655, the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 which is currently rotationally driven is a recordable medium (DVD-RAM disk or DVD-R disk). Is confirmed (step ST138). Here, it is assumed that the information recording medium 201 is a DVD-RAM disk.
[0423]
If it is confirmed that the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is a DVD-RAM disk, the optimum light amount at the time of reproduction / recording / erasing (the light emitting power and light emitting period of the semiconductor laser or the duty ratio) is read from the control data zone 655 to be reproduced. Etc.) is reproduced (step ST139).
[0424]
Subsequently, the control unit 220 creates a conversion table (see FIG. 26) between the physical sector numbers and the logical sector numbers assuming that the DVD-RAM disk 201 currently being rotated has no defect (step ST140).
[0425]
After the conversion table is created, the control unit 220 reproduces the defect management areas DMA1 / DMA2 663 in the lead-in area 607 and the defect management areas DMA3 / DMA4 691 in the lead-out area 609 of the information storage medium (optical disc) 201. Then, the defect distribution of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 at that time is examined (step ST141).
[0426]
When the defect distribution on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is found by the defect distribution investigation, the control unit 220 corrects the conversion table created as “no defect” in step ST140 according to the actual defect distribution. (Step ST142). More specifically, the logical sector number LSN corresponding to the physical sector number PSN is shifted at each of the sectors determined to be defective.
[0427]
FIG. 33 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a defect processing operation (processing on the drive side) in a DVD-RAM disk or the like. Hereinafter, the flowchart of FIG. 33 will be described with reference to FIG.
[0428]
First, for example, the head logical block number LBN of information to be recorded on the information recording medium (for example, DVD-RAM disk) 201 currently loaded in the drive and the file size of the recording information are designated to the MPU in the control unit 220. (Step ST151).
[0429]
Then, the MPU of control section 220 calculates the head logical sector number LSN of the information to be recorded from the head logical block number LBN specified using FIGS. 12 and 13 (step ST152). The logical sector number to be written to the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is determined from the head logical sector number LSN thus calculated and the designated file size.
[0430]
Next, the MPU of the control unit 220 writes the recording information file to the specified address of the DVD-RAM disk 201 and checks for a defect on the disk 201 (step ST153).
[0431]
If no defect is detected during the writing of the file, it means that the recording information file has been recorded in the predetermined logical sector number without abnormality (that is, without occurrence of error), and the recording process is completed normally (step ST155).
[0432]
On the other hand, if a defect is detected during file writing, a predetermined replacement process (for example, Linear Replacement Algorithm of FIG. 31D) is executed (step ST156).
[0433]
After this replacement process, newly detected defects are additionally registered in DMA1 / DMA2 663 of the lead-in area 607 and DMA3 / DMA4 691 of the lead-out area 609 of the disk (see FIGS. 24 and 25) (step ST157). ). After additionally registering DMA1 / DMA2 663 and DMA3 / DMA4 691 in the information storage medium (optical disc) 201, based on the registered contents of DMA1 / DMA2 663 and DMA3 / DMA4 691, the conversion table created in step ST140 of FIG. Are modified (step ST158).
[0434]
When recording a video file according to the present invention, a skipping replacement method shown in FIG. 31C is employed when a defect occurs.
[0435]
The unique "AV address" is used in the video file of the present invention. To set the AV address,
○ Set in units of 2048 kbyte logical block or physical sector size.
[0436]
The address ascending order is set in the order of description of the allocation descriptor in the file entry corresponding to the video file. In the example of FIG. 22D, the value of the AV address increases in the order of C, D, E, and B in the LBN.
[0437]
The LBN set in the spare area by the skipping replacement is not included in the AV address, and a continuous AV address is skipped for the LBN portion. Recording is performed only in a sector (logical block) having no defect in the user area 723 (FIG. 26), and all AV addresses are consecutive numbers.
[0438]
Set according to the rules.
[0439]
Information about each cell shown in FIG. 9 is recorded in cell time control information 1104 as shown in FIG. 1 (f), and the contents thereof are as shown in FIG. 1 (g).
Cell time information # 1 1113 to #m 1115: Information on each of the cells 1121 to 1124.
[0440]
Cell time search information 1112: Map information indicating the description position (AV address) of the corresponding cell time information when a specific cell ID is specified.
[0441]
Cell time control general information 1111: Information on the entire cell information.
[0442]
Each cell time information has cell time general information #m 1116 and cell VOBU table #m 1117.
[0443]
FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the data structure in the cell time information. 5 shows the recording position of each cell 84 shown in FIG. 5 in the recording / reproducing video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) shown in FIG. 2 (this video data matches the recorded content of the video object 1012 in FIG. 1D). Cell time control general information 1111 and cells in the recording / reproduction video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) shown in FIG. 2 (this information is the same as the data in the control information 1011 in FIG. 1D). It is composed of a cell time search information 1112 in which LBN (logical block number) information 2011 to 2013 of the place where the time information is recorded is recorded collectively.
[0444]
In the cell time control general information 1111, the recording position is described using the above-described AV address. In FIG. 7, the AV information 2002, 2004, and 2006 of the head position and the respective data sizes 2003, 2005, and 2007 are described as the position information of each cell, whereas in the other example of FIG. Describes the AV addresses 2023, 2025, and 2027 at the end position.
[0445]
The contents of the cell time information recorded in the recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) shown in FIG. 2 (this information is the same as the data in the control information 1011 in FIG. 1D). Is shown in FIG. The cell time general information 1116 indicates general information on each cell. A reproduction speed 2033 is recorded for each cell, and variable speed reproduction is possible, for example, reproducing only a CM portion at a high speed.
[0446]
In addition, a password 2034 and a permission 2035 can be recorded for each cell, so that security can be secured and a parental lock can be set. The permission setting contents applied to each cell are as shown in FIG. An erasure level that can be restored by UNDO, such as a “trash box” on a PC, and erasure designation information 2036 by the user, and erasure / overwrite priority rank information 2037 indicating the priority of automatic erasure according to the remaining capacity during recording. Is also configurable.
[0447]
The time code in the present invention uses the cell VOBU table 1117 in FIG. That is, it is represented by a set of the number of video frames 2042, 2044, 2046 included in the cell and the data size (number of used sectors) 2041, 2043, 2045 for each VOBU. By using this notation method, a time code can be recorded with a very small amount of information. An access method using this time code will be described below.
[0448]
1. The cell to be accessed by the user and the time are specified.
[0449]
2. The MPU of the microcomputer block 30 shown in FIG. 10 calculates the video frame number from the cell start position of the corresponding video frame from the designated time.
[0450]
3. The MPU sequentially accumulates the number of video frames 2042 to 2046 for each VOBU from the head of the cell shown in FIG. 34, and the video frame specified by the user corresponds to the video frame of the VOBU of what number from the head. Find out.
[0451]
4. The recording position of all data in the cell on the information storage medium is determined from the cell time control general information 1111 in FIG. 7 or FIG.
[0452]
The detailed structure of the data in the video file and the additional recording method by partial erasure and recording according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. A unit that is continuously recorded on an information storage medium for a VOB in a video file is represented by an extent, similarly to the UDF. In FIG. 35A, each of VOB # 1 and VOB # 2 is composed of one extent (extent #a and extent #b).
[0453]
In FIG. 35A, the cell D has been designated by the user to be erased similarly to the PC trash file, so that it is deleted from the PGC information in FIG. 9B and cannot be viewed by the user during reproduction. However, there is a possibility that the user can re-register the information in the PGC information shown in FIG.
[0454]
When the user designates the partial complete erasure of the first part in the cell B of FIG. 35A, the MPU of FIG. From what number of seconds until the complete erasure), the cell VOBU table 1117 shown in FIG. 34 is used to determine which VOBU the corresponding time range corresponds to.
[0455]
Next, the VOBU including the boundary time of complete erasure (the fourth VOBU from the beginning in cell B in FIG. 35A) is excluded from the complete erase target. With this method, the MPU in FIG. 10 determines a VOBU to be completely erased, and erases the corresponding portion as shown in FIG.
[0456]
Next, when the MPU of FIG. 10 receives information from the user indicating that the user wants to record very large video information, the MPU in FIG. 10 maps all the AV addresses in the video file and records the AV address from the VOB position information in FIG. A certain portion of the AV address is deleted. The address of the unrecorded area is searched for from the remaining AV address part. The sizes of all unrecorded areas are totaled and compared with the additionally recorded video information size specified in advance by the user.
[0457]
If the size of the entire unrecorded area is insufficient, the erase designated area is completely erased as shown in FIG. If the size is still insufficient, the erasure / overwrite priority rank information 2037 is read from the cell time general information 1116 in FIG. 34, and the MPU in FIG. As a result, VOB # 3 data is buried in the vacant unrecorded area as shown in FIG. In FIG. 35D, the cell E is recorded in two separate places. In FIG. 35D, the data of VOB # 3 is recorded in three extents (extent #c, extent #d, and extent #e).
[0458]
FIG. 36 shows the data structure in the VOB control information 1106 shown in FIG. It is mainly composed of information indicating the relationship between VOB position information and cell information belonging to each VOB. As shown in FIG. 35, one VOB can be distributed and arranged at a plurality of locations in a video file. A unit that is continuously recorded in a video file in a VOB is represented by an extent as in the UDF. Since the AV address size in the video file is known in advance, the position information of all the VOBs in FIG. 36 is deleted from the mapping of all the AV addresses, so that the remaining AV address portion becomes the address of the unrecorded area in the video file. It turns out that.
[0459]
Various operations in the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 will be described.
[0460]
○ Processing when a user accidentally deletes recording / playback video data
When the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is mounted, the recording / reproducing video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) is reproduced by the information recording / reproducing unit 32. Thereafter, assuming that the user erases the recording / reproduction video data by mistake, the recording / reproduction video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB), the still image data (RWPICTURE_OBJECT.POB), the thumbnail image data (RWTHUMMBNAIL_OBJECT.POB), and the audio data ( RWAUDIO_OBJECT.AOB). Therefore, if any data is missing, a comment stating "No specific file is found" is displayed on the DVD video recorder display section 48.
[0461]
○ Initial video file size setting method
For the first time, a new information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is mounted, and the recording / reproducing video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) is reproduced by the information recording / reproducing unit 32. When the MPU knows that the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) has not been created yet, the DVD video recorder display section 48 displays “Recordable area will be created from now on. How many hours can you record by default? Is displayed and an answer is received from the user. The video file size is automatically calculated from the answer from the user, and the file of the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) is registered on the UDF.
[0462]
○ Perform address conversion between LBN and AV address using DMA information
Next, when a DVD-RAM is used as the information storage medium, the DMA area is read and the address conversion between the LBN and the AV address is performed. The means for reading the defect position information from the information storage medium means the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. 10, and performs conversion between the logical address and the AV address from the defect position information obtained by the means for reading the defect position information. The means corresponds to the MPU in FIG.
[0463]
○ Link processing of UDF and AV address according to video file size change
As shown in FIG. 22D, there is a case where the file size needs to be changed for the initially set video file size while recording is repeated. The MPU in FIG. 10 calculates the change information on the UDF as means for creating file system change information in accordance with the change in the video file size. Then, the result is recorded on the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) by the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. At the same time, the MPU is also responsible for creating change information of the AV address setting state in the video file in accordance with the file system change information, and the result is transmitted from the information recording / reproducing unit 32 to the information storage medium (optical disk 1001). It is recorded in the recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) shown in FIG.
[0464]
○ Replacement of cell / VOB address with video file size change
The MPU shown in FIG. 10 is also responsible for generating file system change information according to the change in the video file size, and the recorded address information or VOB of the cell recorded on the information storage medium is recorded according to the file system change information. The information recording / reproducing unit 32 corresponds to a unit for changing (rewriting) at least a part of the address information.
[0465]
○ Determine the unrecorded position on the disk from the cell or VOB address arrangement information
This operation is as described in the description of FIG. The means for reading the information of the set of the start address and the cell size or the set of the start address and the last address of each VOB or each cell from the information storage medium indicates the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. The means for extracting the address of the unrecorded area in the video file from the address information of the VOB or the address information of each cell means an MPU.
[0466]
○ Perform permission processing according to the permission setting for each cell or VOB
Information is recorded in file units, and it is possible to read the information recorded in the file by a playback operation, a video file having at least video information,
A management file having management information on a reproduction control method of video information recorded in the video file,
In addition, the video information in the video file has a unit of cell or VOB unit, and further, the permission setting information is recorded in the management file in cell unit or VOB unit with respect to the information storage medium.
The means for reproducing the permission information from the information storage medium corresponds to the information recording / reproducing unit 32, and the MPU is also responsible for the display control means for controlling the display of the reproduced video based on the reproduced permission information. The recording / erasing means for controlling the recording / erasing of the video based on the reproduced permission information also indicates the MPU.
[0467]
○ Resize cells or VOBs based on VOBU units
When the video information in the video file is partially erased, the first determination means for determining the cell or VOB related to the video portion to be erased is performed by the MPU shown in FIG. 10, and similarly, the MPU reads the cell VOBU table 1117 shown in FIG. Then, all VOBUs constituting the cell or VOB extracted by the first determination means (MPU) are determined. Further, the MPU determines the VOBU corresponding to the video portion to be erased, excludes the VOBU whose boundary position of the video portion to be erased coincides with the center position (of the corresponding VOBU) from the VOBU to be erased, and For the cell or VOB determined by the determining means (MPU), the erasing target determined by the third determining means (MPU) from the VOBU constituting the cell or VOB determined by the second determining means (MPU) A first determination unit (MPU) for removing a VOBU, and VOBU information constituting a cell or a VOB is changed based on the result of the first determination unit (MPU) to change and record the recording / reproduction video management data. The information recording / reproducing unit 32 shown in FIG.
[0468]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the number of video files that can be recorded and reproduced is reduced to one on the information storage medium. Therefore, if the user deletes the video file by mistake, the user can be notified of an abnormality at the start of reproduction (or before the start of reproduction). It becomes possible. When the existence of a plurality of video files is permitted as in a conventional DVD video disc, if one of the video files is accidentally erased by the user, the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus does not notice the fact. In this case, an error is displayed only when playback of the deleted video file is started, and the user is confused. According to the present invention, the above adverse effects can be eliminated.
[0469]
The information reproducing apparatus and the information recording / reproducing apparatus access only the video file (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB in FIG. 2) whose file name is specified at the time of recording / reproducing the video information. Even if a similar video file is arranged, the information reproducing apparatus and the information recording / reproducing apparatus ignore the file, so that a large influence can be avoided.
[0470]
The number of video files that can be recorded and played back on the information storage medium is reduced to one, and all video information recorded in the video file is set by one PGC so that all video information can be played back sequentially. It is easy to use for users who are familiar with the method of recording on a book tape. It becomes easy to display all the video information recorded by the above method as a continuous connection like a single tape. In addition, the above method enables the user to handle a specific location on a single tape as if recording, erasing, and playing back.
As a result of being able to define the unrecorded area in the video file,
(A) When partial erasure of data in a file is performed, processing for changing the erasure location to an unrecorded area without reducing the video file size;
(B) recording additional data in an unrecorded area in the file without changing the overall file size;
And so on.
[0471]
Therefore, it is not necessary to change the video file size every time partial deletion of video information or addition of video information is performed. When the video file size does not need to be changed, the information in the video file that does not change remains unchanged (no re-recording is performed). Rewriting becomes possible.
[0472]
When changing the contents of a video file having an enormous file size, compared to the conventional method in which the entire file is re-recorded, data is changed to the information storage medium by rewriting information of only the changed portion in the video file according to the present invention. Time is greatly reduced.
[0473]
An application software that processes video files without having to rely on the file system (UDF) by having an unrecorded area in the video file and having playback order information (PGC) of all reproducible video information in the video file The user can set the video information recording location in the video file. As a result, a video information recording location can be set according to the reproduction order information (PGC), and continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information can be facilitated.
[0474]
The setting of the recording location [recording address: LBN (Logical Block Number)] of each file on the information storage medium is left to a file system such as UDF or FAT. However, since only information on the file name and the file size is given to the UDF or FAT, the recording position of the given file size is sequentially applied to the free area on the information storage medium.
[0475]
That is, since PCG information is not given to the UDF or FAT, it is not possible to set a recording location suitable for continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information. By having an unrecorded area in the video file, it is not necessary to change the video file size when a small amount of video information is added or partially deleted. As a result, on a file system such as UDF or FAT, a small amount of video information is not added or the recording location (recording address) of the video file is not changed at the time of partial erasure. It can be managed by the application software that processes the video file (the application software causes the file system such as UDF to specify the LBN of the location to be partially erased or rewritten and perform the partial rewriting process). Since the application software knows the reproduction order information (PGC) of all reproducible video information in the video file, it can specify an address that can be continuously recorded and continuously reproduced according to the PGC information.
[0476]
As a result, only one video file can be recorded on the information storage medium, and an unrecorded area can be defined in the video file. As a result, the video file having the video information recorded on the same information storage medium and the general computer data Can be recorded in a specific location on the information storage medium even if the computer file in which is recorded is mixedly recorded, and the continuous recording and continuous reproduction of the video information can be facilitated.
[0477]
That is, consider a case where a video file and a computer file are mixedly recorded on the same information storage medium. An address (LBN: Logical Block Number) indicating the recording location of the computer file on the information storage medium is set on a file system such as UDF, and as a result, the computer file may be widely scattered on the information storage medium.
[0478]
When the video file is recorded thereafter, the computer file may be sewn between the scattered computer files, and the video file may be file-entry as a group of a plurality of extents which are located far apart from each other. Further, in the case of the conventional file structure having no unrecorded area in the file, the video file size is changed every time the video information in the file is partially erased or added, and the recording location on the information storage medium is changed each time. The indicated allocation (the extent distribution situation where the video file is recorded) changes.
[0479]
For example, first create a very large video file that is localized in one place on the information storage medium by long-time recording (a continuous address is assigned to the allocation descriptor of the file entry of this video file), and then When the middle part of the video information recorded in step 1 is erased, if there is no unrecorded area in the file as in the past, this partial deletion results in the allocation of the video file being divided into two places on the information storage medium. Is done.
[0480]
Thereafter, PC data may be recorded in the deleted portion. If the video file size is further increased by recording processing after recording the PC data at this location, it is necessary to record the information on the information storage medium at a position farther away from the recording area of the existing video file. As described above, if one video file is scattered at a position distant on the information storage medium, continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information are hindered.
[0481]
By securing an unrecorded area in the same video file as in the present invention, the recording position of the video file is not dispersed on the information storage medium even when partial erasure and additional recording are repeated. Recording and continuous reproduction are facilitated.
[0482]
Since the information of the start address and the size of each cell or VOB is collectively recorded on the information storage medium, the arrangement distribution of the cells (or VOBs) in the video file can be detected at high speed. Can be immediately detected.
[0483]
Therefore, a series of recording start processing of reproducing the management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO in FIG. 2), detecting an unrecorded location in the video file, and starting recording can be performed at high speed. When individual video information is stored in separate video files as in the conventional example of FIG. 37, there is no unrecorded area in the video file. Only when the method of storing all the video information to be recorded on the information storage medium in one video file as in the present invention, an “unrecorded area in the video file” occurs and the cell ( Or VOB) arrangement distribution information is required.
[0484]
With the change of the video file size, [the correspondence between the AV address and the LBN (Logical Block Number) changes], so it is necessary to partially change the cell and VOB addresses. Since the cell and VOB address information recorded in the cell time general information (and the VOB control information) are described in pairs of the respective start addresses and sizes, when the above address is changed, only the respective start addresses are stored. Changes only need to be made, and the amount of change in management data is small.
[0485]
According to the DVD video disc standard, the start address and end address of the cell piece are recorded in the video title set cell piece (VTS_CPI) in the video title set cell address table (VTS_C_ADT). In this case, it is necessary to change both the start address and the end address when changing the address. However, in the above-described method, the change in the cell size or the VOB size is not required, and the changed portion is halved.
[0486]
It is possible to set fine permissions on a cell basis or on a VOB basis. According to the DVD video disc standard, the parental lock function is performed in video title units or PGC units. On the UDF, permissions can be set for each file.
[0487]
However, in the present invention, since there is a PGC that allows one video file and the entire video information to be seen on the information storage medium, it is not possible to perform detailed permission settings, parental lock settings, or security management according to the video information. In the present invention, fine setting is possible for the first time since a flag for setting the permission is provided for each cell or each VOB.
[0488]
Using the DMA information of the information storage medium (DVD-RAM), an AV address is set that avoids (skips) an LBN (Logical Block Number) that has been subjected to replacement processing for a defective position, and records video information according to the AV address. Therefore, it is easy to ensure continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information.
[0489]
According to the DVD-RAM standard, the physical arrangement position of the logical block (logical sector) on which the linear replacement or the skipping replacement has been performed on the information storage medium (DVD-RAM) exists in the spare area. Therefore, when video information is recorded in accordance with the LBN, access processing to the spare area is required for the LBN that has been subjected to the replacement processing, and continuous recording and continuous reproduction of the video information are prevented. Since the AV address of the present invention is set so as not to include the LBN that has undergone the replacement process, the number of unnecessary accesses is reduced, and continuous recording and continuous reproduction are facilitated.
[0490]
Since the cell size or VOB size is changed in VOBU units in accordance with partial erasure of video information, re-encoding is not required, and high-speed execution can be performed by changing only management data (for example, RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO in FIG. 2). .
[0490]
Since the conventional DVD video disk is exclusively for reproduction, there is no need to change the cell size or VOB size by partially deleting video information. The cell size or the VOB size needs to be changed for the first time in the recordable information storage medium of the present invention. The method of the present invention makes it possible to change the cell size or VOB size faster and easier than in the case where the VOBU is recreated (re-encoded) every time the cell size or VOB size is changed.
[0492]
Since a VOB in the information storage medium of the present invention can be recorded over one or more blocks of recording areas, a plurality of video areas are recorded in a "stepping stone" manner between video information scattered and recorded in a video file. Can be recorded over a lump.
[0493]
In the case of the data structure of the information storage medium of the present invention, since all video information is recorded in one video file, recorded information is scattered in the video file while recording and partial erasure are repeated many times. . As a result, many unrecorded areas of small size are distributed in the video file.
[0494]
If VOBs are recorded only in continuous address areas at the time of recording, the places where large-sized VOBs can be recorded are limited, and the recordable capacity in the video file is reduced. According to the present invention, by allowing one VOB to be recorded over a plurality of video regions arranged at positions separated from each other in a video file, a large number of small-sized unrecorded video regions can be recorded. Recording can be performed without wasting chunks.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a hierarchical structure of information recorded on an optical disc.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a directory structure of information (data file) recorded on an optical disc;
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining another directory structure of information (data file) recorded on the optical disc.
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining still another directory structure of information (data file) recorded on an optical disc.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a video object and a cell.
FIG. 6 is a view for explaining PGC control information.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a data structure of cell time control general information and cell time search information.
FIG. 8 is a view for explaining another example of the data structure of cell time control general information and cell time search information.
FIG. 9 is a view for explaining the relationship between cells and PGC information.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an information recording / reproducing apparatus for an optical disc.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing details of an information recording / reproducing unit of the information recording / reproducing apparatus.
FIG. 12 is a first partial view illustrating an example of a file system constructed based on UDF.
FIG. 13 is a second partial view for explaining an example of a file system constructed based on UDF together with FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a view for explaining a basic relationship between the hierarchical file system structure shown in FIG. 2 and information content recorded on an optical disc.
FIG. 15 illustrates a part of a file ID descriptor describing information of a file (root directory, subdirectory, file data, etc.) in the file structure having the hierarchical structure illustrated in FIG. FIG.
FIG. 16 is a view for extracting and explaining a part of description contents of a file entry for displaying a recording position of a designated file in the file structure having the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 17 is a view for explaining the description contents of a long allocation descriptor for displaying a recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on the optical disk;
FIG. 18 is a view for explaining the description contents of a short allocation descriptor for displaying a recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on an optical disk;
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a content of a description sentence used as a space entry for searching for an unrecorded continuous sector aggregate (unrecorded extent) on the optical disc.
20 is a view for explaining an example of the structure of a file system having the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 21 is a view for explaining a conventional method of setting a file recording position when UDF is used.
FIG. 22 is a view for explaining a method of setting a file recording position when the UDF according to the present invention is used.
FIG. 23 is a view for explaining a layout of a RAM layer of the optical disc shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 24 is a view for explaining details of a lead-in area portion in the layout shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 25 is a view for explaining details of a lead-out area portion in the layout shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 26 is a view for explaining details of a data area portion in the layout shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 27 is a view for explaining the structure of a sector included in the data area shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 28 is a view for explaining a recording unit (ECC unit) of information included in the data area shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 29 is a view for explaining the relationship between zones and groups in the data area shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 30 is an exemplary view for explaining a method of setting a logical sector in the data area shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 31 is a view for explaining a replacement process in the data area shown in FIG. 23;
FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a setting operation of a logical block number for a used medium.
FIG. 33 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a defect processing operation of a used medium.
FIG. 34 is a view illustrating a data structure in the cell time information shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 35 is a view for explaining details of data in the video file shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 36 is a view for explaining details of data in VOB control information shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 37 is a view for explaining a conventional directory structure of information (data file) recorded on the optical disc.
FIG. 38 is a view for explaining a conventional relationship between cells and PGC information.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference numeral 30: microcomputer block, 32: information recording / reproducing unit, 34: temporary unit, 36: data processor, 38: STC, 42: input AV, 44: TV tuner, 46: AV output, 48: DVD video recorder display unit , 52 ADC, 53 V encoder, 54 A encoder, 55 SP encoder, 56 formatter, 57 buffer memory, 62 separator, 63 memory, 64 V decoder, 65 SP decoder, 66 video Processor, 67 V-DAC, 68 A decoder, 69 A-DAC, 100 Disk changer unit, 201 Information storage medium (optical disk), 202 Optical head, 203 Optical head moving mechanism (feed motor), 204: spindle motor, 205: semiconductor laser drive circuit, 206: recording / reproduction / Erase control waveform generation circuit, 207: modulation circuit, 208: ECC encoding circuit, 209: error correction circuit, 210: demodulation circuit, 211: PLL circuit, 212: binarization circuit, 213: amplifier, 214: information storage medium Rotation speed detection circuit, 215: spindle motor drive circuit, 216 ... feed motor drive circuit, 217 ... focus / track error detection circuit, 218 ... objective lens actuator drive circuit, 219 ... semiconductor memory, 220 ... control unit, 221 ... rotary table , 222 ... data input / output interface unit.

Claims (5)

In an information storage medium capable of recording video files including video information, control information, and file system information,
  The video file is configured by a set of extents that are continuously recorded on the information storage medium,
  The video information is composed of a plurality of video object units,
  The information of the file system is
A file entry in which a recording position of the video file is described;
  The file entry includes a plurality of allocation descriptors,
  The plurality of allocation descriptors each include the length information and the position information of the extent, and within the extent, the existence of an unrecorded area is allowed,
  Furthermore, it is possible to connect and reproduce the video information of the recorded area of the extent,
In the control information, a program chain control information specifying a reproduction order of the video information is recorded,
Further, in the control information, size information of the video object unit is recorded as a time code table. An information recording method for recording the information on an information recording medium capable of recording video file containing video information, control information and file system information,
  The video file is configured by a set of extents that are continuously recorded on the information storage medium,
  The video information is composed of a plurality of video object units,
  The information of the file system is
A file entry in which a recording position of the video file is described;
  The file entry includes a plurality of allocation descriptors,
  The plurality of allocation descriptors each include the length information and the position information of the extent, and within the extent, the existence of an unrecorded area is allowed,
  Furthermore, it is possible to connect and reproduce the video information of the recorded area of the extent,
In the control information, a program chain control information specifying a reproduction order of the video information is recorded,
Further, the information recording method is characterized in that size information of the video object unit is recorded as a time code table in the control information. In an information recording apparatus that records the information on an information recording medium capable of recording video file containing video information, control information, and file system information,
  The video file is configured by a set of extents that are continuously recorded on the information storage medium,
  The video information is composed of a plurality of video object units,
  The information of the file system is
A file entry in which a recording position of the video file is described;
  The file entry includes a plurality of allocation descriptors,
  The plurality of allocation descriptors each include the length information and the position information of the extent, and within the extent, the existence of an unrecorded area is allowed,
  Furthermore, it is possible to connect and reproduce the video information of the recorded area of the extent,
Means for recording in the control information program chain control information specifying a reproduction order of the video information,
Further, in the control information, means for recording size information of the video object unit as a time code table,
  An information recording device comprising: An information reproducing method for reproducing the information from an information recording medium in which a video file including video information, control information, and file system information is recorded,
  The video file is configured by a set of extents that are continuously recorded on the information storage medium,
  The video information is composed of a plurality of video object units,
  The information of the file system is
A file entry in which a recording position of the video file is described;
  The file entry includes a plurality of allocation descriptors,
  The plurality of allocation descriptors each include the length information and the position information of the extent, and within the extent, the existence of an unrecorded area is allowed,
  Furthermore, it is possible to connect and reproduce the video information of the recorded area of the extent,
In the control information, a program chain control information designating a reproduction order of the video information is recorded.
  Further, in the control information, size information of the video object unit is recorded as a time code table,
Accessing the video file based on the file entry;
Playing the video information based on the control information
An information reproducing method, characterized in that: An information reproducing method for reproducing the information from an information recording medium in which a video file including video information, control information, and file system information is recorded,
  The video file is configured by a set of extents that are continuously recorded on the information storage medium,
  The video information is composed of a plurality of video object units,
  The information of the file system is
A file entry in which a recording position of the video file is described;
  The file entry includes a plurality of allocation descriptors,
  The plurality of allocation descriptors each include the length information and the position information of the extent, and within the extent, the existence of an unrecorded area is allowed,
  Furthermore, it is possible to connect and reproduce the video information of the recorded area of the extent,
In the control information, a program chain control information designating a reproduction order of the video information is recorded.
  Further, in the control information, size information of the video object unit is recorded as a time code table,
Means for accessing the video file based on the file entry;
Means for reproducing the video information based on the control information;
An information reproducing apparatus comprising:

Images