JP2002171445A - Solid-state imaging device and imaging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an imaging apparatus used for detecting a motion that is downsized. SOLUTION: The imaging apparatus is configured so that even number rows of an image pickup section of a frame transfer type CCD image sensor 20 are shaded and odd number rows and the even number rows of the image pickup section are independently driven. Exposure is made twice within one frame period. An image signal obtained at an aperture row at a first exposure is transferred to an adjacent shade row, then a second exposure is conducted and a new image signal is obtained at the aperture row. Image data alternately appear at an output of the sensor 20 in different exposure timing in the unit of rows. A line memory 26 delays the image data transferred to the aperture row of the image pickup section by one horizontal scanning period only and the delayed image data are given to a comparator 28. Thus, the data stored in the shaded row at the first exposure and the data of the second exposure at the aperture row outputted in succession to the first exposure data and directly given to the comparator 28 can be synchronized with each other. The comparator 28 outputs a difference between both the data and the difference is used for motion detection.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid-state image pickup device and an image pickup apparatus capable of detecting the movement of a subject.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the conventional motion detection of a subject, a plurality of images are picked up using an image pickup device and their image signals are compared. Then, the movement of the subject is detected based on the changes in the images.

In a conventional apparatus, one image taken at a preceding timing is stored in a frame memory. When the output of the image signal of the image captured at the subsequent timing is obtained, the output is compared with the image signal of the preceding image held in the frame memory by, for example, a process of obtaining a difference. The change of the image is required in the form.

[0004]

The conventional apparatus requires relatively large-capacity storage means such as a frame memory for storing one image at the preceding timing, which is disadvantageous for downsizing the apparatus. In addition, there is a problem that the cost is increased.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state imaging device and an imaging device capable of detecting a change in an image between two times without using a large-capacity storage means. Aim.

[0006]

According to the solid-state image pickup device of the present invention, the image pickup section is configured such that a plurality of pixels are light-shielded by a light-shielding member in either an odd-numbered row or an even-numbered row, and the signal charge in each pixel is reduced. And the transfer in the column direction are performed independently for odd rows and even rows.

According to the present invention, the pixels in the row where the light-blocking member of the image pickup unit is arranged do not receive light, and therefore do not generate signal charges, but are used to accumulate the signal charges generated by the pixels in the adjacent rows. . Since the charge transfer means can independently drive adjacent rows, the potential well formed in the non-light-shielded pixel is controlled while the potential well formed in the light-shielded pixel is maintained as it is, and the potential well formed in the non-light-shielded pixel is controlled. The stored signal charges can be moved to the horizontal CCD register side, and can be transferred to the potential well of the adjacent light-shielded pixel. After performing this charge transfer,
The non-light-shielded pixels subsequently generate and accumulate signal charges by receiving light. By this operation, signal charges whose light receiving periods are shifted from each other are accumulated in the non-light-shielded pixel and the light-shielded pixel adjacent thereto. In this state, a frame shift is performed from the imaging unit to the storage unit, and signal charges are read. In the output signal, the output signal of the light-shielded pixel and the output signal of the non-light-shielded pixel appear alternately in row units. That is, signals having different light receiving timings for the same pixel appear in the output signal not in a large cycle such as one frame unit or one field unit but in a small cycle such as one line unit. Therefore, when the present solid-state imaging device is used, it is sufficient to store a signal for one preceding line in order to perform motion detection.

In the image pickup apparatus according to the present invention, a plurality of pixels capable of accumulating signal charges and transferring in the column direction are arranged in a matrix, one of the odd rows and the even rows is shielded from light, and the other is opened. A solid-state imaging device having an imaging unit in which accumulation and column transfer of the signal charge in a pixel are performed independently in a light-shielded row and an aperture row, and a first signal charge generated in the aperture row during a first imaging period Is accumulated, and the first signal charge is transferred in the column direction to each pixel of the adjacent light-shielded row, and then the second signal is supplied to each pixel of the aperture row in a second imaging period having the same length as the first imaging period. A driving circuit for driving the solid-state imaging device so as to accumulate electric charges, and a line memory for storing at least one row of first output signals sequentially output from the solid-state imaging device in accordance with the first signal charge. Equipped, said line memory Said first output signal to be read,
A change in a subject is detected based on a difference between the first output signal and a second output signal output from the solid-state imaging device in accordance with the second signal charge.

According to the present invention, in the first imaging period, signal charges due to light reception are accumulated only in the aperture rows. The imaging control unit controls the charge transfer means that can independently drive the aperture row and the light-shielded row, so that the first signal charges accumulated in the aperture row during the first imaging period are reduced by one before the second imaging period. The data is transferred by the number of pixels in the column direction, that is, to the horizontal CCD register side, and is transferred to an adjacent light-shielded row. In the second imaging period, new signal charges are accumulated in the aperture rows by receiving light. At this time, the first signal charges transferred from the aperture rows are held in the light-shielded rows. When the second imaging period is completed, the first signal charge generated in the aperture row in the first imaging period is held in the light-shielded row, and the first signal charge generated in the aperture row in the second imaging period is held in the aperture row. The second signal charge is held. In this state, a frame shift is performed from the imaging unit to the storage unit, and a line shift and a horizontal transfer are performed from the storage unit to the horizontal CCD register to obtain an output signal from the solid-state imaging device. In this output signal, a first output signal corresponding to the first signal charge and a second output signal corresponding to the second signal charge appear alternately in row units. The line memory is capable of storing image signals for one row of the solid-state imaging device, and is controlled to store a first output signal which is an image signal of a certain aperture row in a first imaging period. Subsequent to the first output signal, a second output signal that is an image signal in the second imaging period of the same aperture row is output from the solid-state imaging device. Using a comparator, the second output signal is input to the comparator, and the first output signal stored in the line memory is input in synchronization with the second output signal. The comparator compares the two. As a result, image signals obtained at different timings for the same aperture row are compared. Since the first imaging period and the second imaging period are basically set to the same length, if there is no change in the intensity of light incident on each pixel, the pixel corresponding to the first output signal and the second output signal Are expected to be basically the same, and conversely, if the subject moves during the first imaging period and the second imaging period, the pixel whose signal value has changed Should be detected. The contents stored in the line memory are sequentially updated in accordance with the output of the first output signal in every other row, and the comparison for each open row is performed by one.
Processing is performed on a row-by-row basis, and there is no need to hold output signals for one screen in the preceding first imaging period.

In another imaging apparatus according to the present invention, a plurality of pixels capable of accumulating signal charges and transferring in the column direction are arranged in a matrix, and the accumulation of signal charges and the transfer in the column direction at each pixel are performed in odd rows and even numbers. A solid-state imaging device having an imaging unit independently performed on a row; a signal charge is accumulated in each pixel of the imaging unit in a first imaging period; and the accumulated signal charge is shifted from an odd-numbered pixel to an adjacent even-numbered pixel. After the transfer in the column direction, a driving circuit for driving the solid-state imaging device so as to accumulate signal charges in each pixel of the imaging unit during a second imaging period, and A line memory for storing at least one row of first output signals sequentially output from the solid-state imaging device, wherein the first output signal read from the line memory and the first output signal are successively provided. The odd line drawing It detects a change in the subject based on the difference between the second output signal output from the solid-state imaging device according to the accumulated signal charges to.

According to the present invention, in the first imaging period, signal charges due to light reception are accumulated in each of the first pixel row and the second pixel row. Here, the signal charge stored in an arbitrary pixel P ₁ in the first pixel row is denoted by A ₁ , and the signal charge stored in the pixel P ₂ in the second pixel row adjacent to this pixel in the column direction is denoted by A _2. . The imaging control unit controls the charge transfer unit that can independently drive the first pixel row and the second pixel row, so that the charge is accumulated in the first pixel row in the first imaging period before the second imaging period. The first signal charge is shifted by one pixel in the column direction,
That is, transfer to the horizontal CCD register side
Transfer to pixel row. Thereby, in the pixel P ₁ is empty, the pixel P ₂ is the first signal charge A ₂ and synthetic added signal charges first signal charges A ₁ and itself transferred from the pixel P ₁ is generated (A ₁ + A ₂ ) Hold. In the second imaging period,
New signal charges are accumulated in the first pixel row by receiving light,
Further, additional signal charges are additionally stored in the second pixel row. Wherein represents B ₁ signal charges generated in the pixel P _1, the additional signal charge accumulated in the pixel P ₂ and B ₂ in the second imaging period. At the time when the second imaging period is completed, the first pixel row holds the second signal charge generated in the second imaging period, and the second pixel row includes the first pixel row and the second pixel charge in the first imaging period. The sum of the first signal charges generated in the pixel rows and the second signal charges generated in the second pixel rows in the second imaging period is held. That is, the pixel P ₁ holds the signal charges B _1, pixel P ₂ holds a signal charge _{(A 1 + A 2 + B} 2).
In this state, a frame shift is performed from the imaging unit to the storage unit, a line shift is performed from the storage unit to the horizontal CCD register, and a horizontal transfer is performed to obtain an output signal from the solid-state imaging device. In this output signal, a first output signal corresponding to the signal charge B ₁ and a second output signal corresponding to the signal charge (A ₁ + A ₂ + B ₂ ) appear alternately in row units. The line memory can store image signals for one row of the solid-state imaging device, and is controlled to store a second output signal corresponding to a certain second pixel row. Following the second output signal,
A first output signal corresponding to an adjacent first pixel row is output from the solid-state imaging device. The first output signal is input to the arithmetic unit using the arithmetic unit, and the second output signal stored in the line memory is input in synchronization with the first output signal. The arithmetic unit calculates the received light intensity in the first imaging period and the second
The received light intensity during the imaging period is compared. The comparison of the received light intensity can be performed by standardizing the signal in each imaging period by the length of each imaging period. Further, for example, since the adjacent to the pixel P ₁ and the pixel P _2, if performing the approximation that ignores differences spatial light intensity between them, A ₁ = A ₂ ≡A and everyone And B ₁ = B ₂ ≡B. In this case, the signal charge of the pixel P1 is B,
The signal charge of the pixel P2 is (2A + B). Assuming that the first imaging period and the second imaging period have the same length for simplicity, the arithmetic unit calculates (A−B) from these signal charges, and at different timings at a certain point of the imaging unit. The obtained image signals are compared, and a difference between the image signals due to the movement of the subject can be detected. Here, the case where simplification by approximation is performed for easy understanding has been described. However, even when such approximation is not performed, the second output signal and the first output signal following the second output signal are close to each other. Since information at different imaging timings of the pixels is included, it is possible to detect information accompanying the movement of the subject from the image signal based on the information. The contents stored in the line memory are sequentially updated in accordance with the output of the second output signal in every other row, the comparison between pieces of information obtained at different imaging timings is processed in units of one row, and the preceding first imaging is performed. It is not necessary to hold the output signal for one screen in the period.

[0012]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a solid-state imaging device according to the present invention. This solid-state imaging device is a frame transfer type CCD (charge-coupled device) image sensor. It has a storage unit 4 for transferring (frame shifting) in the vertical direction and taking in and temporarily storing the data. Further, a horizontal CCD shift register 6 for horizontally transferring the signal charges read line by line from the storage unit 4 by the line shift operation, and a signal charge for each pixel read from the horizontal CCD shift register 6 is converted into a voltage signal. Output unit 8
Having. The imaging section 2, the storage section 4, the horizontal CCD shift register 6, and the output section 8 are usually formed integrally on a semiconductor substrate. In the following description, the number of pixel rows of the imaging unit 2 and the storage unit 4 is calculated from the end far from the horizontal CCD shift register 6, and the order is CC.
Note that the order of reading from the D image sensor 20, that is, the order of horizontal scanning on the image is opposite.

The imaging unit 2 and the storage unit 4 each have a vertical CC
It has a structure in which a number of D shift registers are arranged in parallel, and controls the accumulation and transfer of electric charges by operating the potential in the substrate by electrodes formed on the substrate.

In the imaging section 2, the light receiving surface is shielded by a light shielding film or the like every other row. For example, the configuration is such that odd rows are covered with a light-shielding film and cannot receive light. On the other hand, the openings of the light-shielding film are provided at the positions of the even rows, and the odd rows are configured to be able to receive light. That is, in the solid-state imaging device of FIG. 1, odd rows are configured as aperture rows, and even rows are configured as light-shielded rows. Imaging unit 2 one by each of three phases of the opening line and shielding lines is supplied with a clock signal phi _VI1 to [phi] _VI6 total of 6 phases, the imaging unit 2 accumulates the respective separate signal charge packets to the opening line and the light-shielding line can do. Then, the aperture row and the light-shielded row are operated independently of each other. For example, the charge packets stored in the aperture row are vertically transferred to the adjacent light-shielded row and synthesized without moving the charge packets stored in the light-shielded row. be able to.

The entire surface of the storage section 4 is covered with a light-shielding film to prevent the generation of electric charges due to the incidence of light, so that the frame-shifted image information from the imaging section 2 can be held as it is. Each row of the storage unit 4 stores a three-phase voltage clock signal φ.
Is supplied to _VS1 to [phi] _VS3, it is commonly driven. By allocating three phases to one row, the storage unit 4 stores the image data in the imaging unit 2.
Similarly to the above, signal charge packets can be stored in each row independently, and the stored signal charges can be vertically transferred simultaneously and in parallel.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the imaging apparatus according to the present invention. This device comprises a CCD image sensor 20, a drive circuit 22, an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Conv.
erter) 24, a line memory 26, and a comparator 28. Further, the drive circuit 22 includes an imaging control unit 30 that controls the operation of the imaging unit 2 of the CCD image sensor 20.
And a read control unit 32 for controlling the operations of the storage unit 4 and the horizontal CCD shift register 6.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the present apparatus. FIG. 4 is a schematic timing chart of driving pulses and output signals for explaining the operation of the present apparatus. In this apparatus, exposure is performed twice in one frame period, that is, signal charges for two screens are accumulated. The start of the first exposure time EXP1 is determined by the electronic shutter operation (S4).
0). In the electronic shutter operation, for example, a pulse φ _SH applied to the back surface of the substrate rises, and the signal charges accumulated in the imaging unit 2 up to the middle of the frame period are sucked and discharged to the substrate side. When the electronic shutter operation is completed, new charge accumulation in the imaging unit 2 is started, and this is the start timing of the first exposure time EXP1 (S45). By the exposure, signal charges are generated and accumulated in the pixels in the aperture row (the (2i-1) th row, i is a natural number) of the imaging unit 2. On the other hand, the pixels in the light-shielded row are basically left empty by the electronic shutter operation.

[0019] When a predetermined time has elapsed since the electronic shutter operation, the imaging control unit 30 generates a pulse phi _VI1 to [phi] _VI6,
The light-shielded row (2i-1) row adjacent to the opening row ((2i-1) -th row)
The signal charges C ₁ (2i-1, n) are vertically transferred to the row (S5).
0). The first exposure time EXP1 is a period from the electronic shutter operation to the vertical transfer. Where C ₁ (m, n) is 1
The charge generated in the pixels in the m-th row and the n-th column during the third exposure time is shown. Incidentally, at this time, the light-shielded row is not driven, and the charge does not move from the light-shielded row (second i-th row) to the aperture row ((2i + 1) -th row).

When the operation of transferring the signal charge generated by the first exposure to the light-shielded row is completed, the second exposure time EXP2
Is started (S55). In the second exposure time,
The pixels in the light-shielded row receive the signal charges C ₁ (2i
-1, n). On the other hand, the imaging control unit 30 controls the potential of the pixels in the aperture rows so that the signal charges generated by light incidence can be accumulated.

When the frame period ends, the imaging control unit 3
0, read control unit 32 outputs pulse φ _VI1~ Φ_VI6, Φ_VS1
~ Φ_VS3Is generated, and a frame from the imaging unit 2 to the storage unit 4 is generated.
A system shift is performed (S60). Second exposure time EXP2
From the time when the charge transfer from the opening row to the shading row was performed
This is a period until the start of the frame shift. Here for the second time
During the exposure time, the charge generated in the pixel at the m-th row and the n-th column is represented by C
_TwoExpressed as (m, n). First exposure time EXP1 and second exposure time
From the opening row to the shading row so that the length is equal to the interval EXP2
The timing of the transfer process S50 is set.

By the frame shift, the signal charges stored in the corresponding pixels of the image pickup unit 2 when the second exposure time is completed are transferred to each pixel of the storage unit 4.
That is, the signal charge C ₂ (2i−1, n) is stored in the (2i−1) th row, that is, the opening row of the storage unit 4, and the signal charge C ₁ ( 2i-1, n) is transferred,
Will be retained.

The signal charges frame-shifted to the storage section 4 at high speed are vertically transferred one row at a time with one horizontal scanning period as a cycle (S65). Line shift is read control unit 3
2 is generated by φ _VS1 to φ _VS3 generated. This line shift is transferred one row of the signal charges to the horizontal CCD shift register 6, a horizontal CCD shift register 6 is driven by the clock phi _H, which horizontally transfers (S7
0).

In the CCD image sensor 20, the output section 8 converts the signal charge read from the horizontal CCD shift register 6 into a voltage value and outputs it. CCD image sensor 2
The voltage value output from 0 is converted to a digital value by the ADC 24. Here, the signal charges C ₁ (m, n) and C ₂ (m, n)
Are represented as D ₁ (m, n) and D ₂ (m, n), respectively. The digital values are sequentially stored in the line memory 26 and the comparator 2
8 is input. The line memory 26 basically has a storage capacity for one horizontal scanning line. The digital value input to the line memory 26 is delayed by one horizontal scanning period and read out to the comparator 28, and the read storage locations are sequentially
It is overwritten and updated with the newly input digital value.

Here, as will be described later, the comparator 28 has 1
The digital value D ₁ (2i
-1, n) is used to compare the digital value D ₂ (2i-1, n) of the aperture row directly input without delay. Therefore, the digital value of the opening row is not necessarily stored in the line memory 26.
And it is not necessary to directly input the digital value of the shaded row to the comparator 28. That is, in processing, if the output from the CCD image sensor 20 is a light-shielded row (S75), the digital value is stored in the line memory 2
6 (S80), and if it is an open row (S7).
5) The digital value may be directly input to the comparator 28 (S85). In response to this processing, a changeover switch is provided for the output of the ADC 24, and while the aperture row is output,
A configuration is possible in which the switch is switched to the side where the ADC 24 is directly connected to the comparator 28 and the switch is switched to the side where the ADC 24 is connected to the line memory 26 while the light-shielded row is output. However, in this apparatus, as shown in FIG. 2, in order to eliminate the switch and simplify the circuit configuration, it is determined whether the output read from the CCD image sensor 20 corresponds to the aperture row or the light-shielded row. Instead, the data is input to the line memory 26 and the comparator 28.

The comparator 28 sequentially receives the digital values D ₂ (2i-1, n) of the (2i-1) th row one pixel at a time,
In synchronization with this, the digital value D ₁ (2i-1, n) of the 2i-th row delayed by the line memory 26 is sequentially input pixel by pixel. The comparator 28 outputs these two inputs D ₁ (2i-1, n), D ₂
(2i-1, n) are compared (S90). For example, the comparator 28 calculates the difference between D ₁ (2i-1, n) and D ₂ (2i-1, n), and outputs the difference value Δ (2i-1, n) from the device. Is done.

The comparison process S90 is repeated until all the pixel rows stored in the storage unit 4 are read (S95).
The above operation is repeated until an operation stop instruction is issued (S100).

Since the lengths of the first and second exposure times are the same, the difference value Δ (2i-1, n) becomes (2i−
1) It means a change in the received light intensity at the pixel in the row and the n-th column. Therefore, the motion of the subject can be detected using the output from the imaging device. For example, it is possible to determine whether or not there is movement between the first and second exposure times in the image based on the number of pixels whose absolute value of the difference value is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value and the distribution in the image. .

[Embodiment 2] FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an imaging apparatus according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description is simplified. The imaging unit of the CCD image sensor 200 of the present device can receive light at each pixel. That is, while the even-numbered rows of the image pickup unit 2 of the CCD image sensor 20 of the first embodiment are light-shielded rows, the image pickup units of the CCD image sensor 200 of the present apparatus have no light-shielded rows. . However, as in the above embodiment, the imaging unit is supplied with six-phase voltage clock signals φ _{VI1 to} φ _VI6, and three phases are assigned to one row, so that the imaging unit has separate odd and even rows. Signal charge packets can be stored. In addition, since the odd-numbered rows and the even-numbered rows can be separately driven in three phases, the odd-numbered rows and the even-numbered rows can operate independently of each other. For example, the charge packets stored in the even-numbered rows are not moved. The charge packets accumulated in the odd rows can be vertically transferred to the adjacent even rows and combined. In addition, the present apparatus includes an arithmetic unit 202 instead of the comparator 28.

The operation of this apparatus is basically the same as that of the above-described embodiment described with reference to FIGS. One of the differences is the first exposure time EXP1 and the second exposure time
It is not necessarily the same as EXP2. In consideration of this point, the feature of the operation of the present apparatus will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

The first exposure is started from the electronic shutter operation.
The first exposure (length EXP1) ends. By this first exposure, signal charges C ₁ (2i-1, n) are generated and accumulated in the odd-numbered rows ((2i−1) th row, i is a natural number). The pixels in the even-numbered row (2i-th row) adjacent to the odd-numbered row include C
₁ (2i, n) is accumulated. Here, the difference in signal between two pixels adjacent in the column direction is often small. That is, C
_It is possible to perform approximation assuming that ₁ (2i, n) = C ₁ (2i-1, n). Therefore, in the present apparatus, by this approximation, the signal charges C ₁ (2i-1, n) having the same amount as the odd-numbered rows are generated and accumulated in the even-numbered rows.

When the transfer from the odd-numbered row to the even-numbered row is performed, in the even-numbered row, both the electric charge accumulated in the first exposure and the electric charge accumulated in the odd-numbered row are synthesized and accumulated. That is, the signal charges 2C ₁ (2i-1, n) are accumulated in the even rows, while the signal charges in the odd rows become 0.

In this state, 2 until the frame shift S60.
The second exposure (length EXP2) is performed. By the second exposure, signal charges C ₂ (2i−1, n) are generated and accumulated in the odd-numbered rows of pixels. Further, C ₂ (2i, n) is accumulated in the pixels of the even rows adjacent to the odd rows. In this case, as in the case of the first exposure, C ₂ (2i, n) is approximated to C ₂ (2i-1, n). In the even-numbered rows, the signal charges obtained in the second exposure are further added to the signal charges after the first exposure. Therefore, at the end of the second exposure, the odd-numbered rows contain signal charges C ₂ (2i-1, n)
Are held, and the signal charges [2C ₁ (2i-1, n) + C ₂
(2i-1, n)] is maintained.

When the frame period ends, a frame shift is performed (S60). By frame shift, C
To each pixel of the storage unit of the CD image sensor 200, the signal charge stored in the corresponding pixel of the imaging unit when the second exposure time is completed is transferred. That is, the signal charge C is stored in the (2i-1) th row of the storage unit, that is, in the odd row.
₂ (2i-1, n) is accumulated, and the signal charge [2C ₁ (2i-1, n) + C ₂ (2i-1, n)] is transferred and held in the _second i-th row, that is, the even-numbered row. You.

The signal charges frame-shifted in the storage section of the CCD image sensor 200 at high speed are vertically transferred to the horizontal CCD shift register 6 line by line at intervals of one horizontal scanning period (S65). This is horizontally transferred (S70), and the output unit 8 outputs a voltage value corresponding to the signal charge amount.

The voltage value output from the CCD image sensor 200 is converted into a digital value by the ADC 24. Here, digital values corresponding to the signal charges C ₁ (m, n) and C ₂ (m, n) are represented as D ₁ (m, n) and D ₂ (m, n), respectively. The digital values are sequentially input to the line memory 26 and the arithmetic unit 202. The line memory 26 basically has a storage capacity for one horizontal scanning line. The digital value input to the line memory 26 is delayed by one horizontal scanning period,
, And the read storage locations are sequentially overwritten and updated with newly input digital values.

The arithmetic unit 202 sequentially receives the digital value D ₂ (2i-1, n) of the (2i-1) th row one pixel at a time, and delays the digital value D ₂ (2i-1, n) by the line memory 26 in synchronization with the digital value D ₂ (2i-1, n). 2
The digital value of the i-th row [2D ₁ (2i-1, n) + D ₂ (2i-1, n)] is 1
The pixels are sequentially input. The arithmetic unit 202 compares the received light intensity during the first exposure time with the received light intensity during the second exposure time based on the two. To compare the received light intensity, the signals at each exposure time were compared with the length of each exposure time EXP1, EXP2
Can be standardized. In order to simplify the processing in the arithmetic unit 202, it is preferable to set EXP1 = EXP2. In this case, the arithmetic unit, for example, calculates a difference value Δ (2i-1, n) ≡ [D ₁ (2i
−1, n) −D ₂ (2i−1, n)], and this difference value is output from the present apparatus. Incidentally, in this device, instead of the comparison process S90 in the comparator 28 in the above embodiment, the arithmetic unit 2
02 is performed. Using the output from the imaging device, the motion of the subject can be detected in the same manner as in the above embodiment.

[0038]

According to the solid-state imaging device and the imaging device of the present invention, image data obtained in different imaging periods can be
Obtained alternately for each line. In the present invention, when comparing the image data of one imaging period and the image data of the other imaging period at the same point on the image, the input timing of both image data to the comparator or the arithmetic unit is determined using a line memory. Can be done. That is, since a large-capacity storage unit such as a frame memory is not required, an effect is obtained in that the size and cost of an imaging device capable of detecting a change in an image between two times can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a solid-state imaging device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block configuration diagram of the imaging apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the present apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a schematic timing chart of driving pulses and output signals for explaining the operation of the present apparatus.

FIG. 5 is a schematic block configuration diagram of an imaging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 imaging section, 4 accumulation section, 6 horizontal CCD shift register, 8 output section, 20,200 CCD image sensor, 22 drive circuit, 24 ADC, 26 line memory, 28 comparator, 30 imaging control section, 32 read control section, 202 arithmetic unit.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An imaging section in which a plurality of pixels capable of accumulating signal charges and transferring in a column direction are arranged in a matrix, and signal charges accumulated in the plurality of pixels are taken in the column direction from the imaging section and temporarily stored. A frame transfer type solid-state imaging device including: a plurality of pixels, wherein the plurality of pixels are light-shielded by a light-shielding member in one of an odd-numbered row and an even-numbered row; Store and column transfer
A solid-state imaging device, wherein the odd-numbered rows and the even-numbered rows are performed independently of each other. 2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising a lens mechanism for condensing light on one of an odd column and an even column of the plurality of pixels. 3. A plurality of pixels capable of accumulating signal charges and transferring in a column direction are arranged in a matrix, one of an odd-numbered row and an even-numbered row is shielded from light, and the other is opened. A solid-state imaging device having an imaging unit in which accumulation and column direction transfer are independently performed in a light-shielded row and an aperture row; and accumulating a first signal charge generated in the aperture row in a first imaging period. After transferring one signal charge in the column direction to each pixel of the adjacent light-shielded row, a second signal charge is accumulated in each pixel of the aperture row in a second imaging period having the same length as the first imaging period. A drive circuit for driving the solid-state imaging device; and, in accordance with the first signal charge from the solid-state imaging device,
A line memory for storing at least one row of the output first output signal, wherein the first output signal read from the line memory and the second output signal from the solid-state imaging device are continuously provided from the first output signal. 2. A change in a subject is detected based on a difference from a second output signal output in response to the two signal charges. 4. An imaging system in which a plurality of pixels capable of accumulating signal charges and transferring in a column direction are arranged in a matrix, and accumulating and transferring the signal charges in each pixel in an odd row and an even row are independently performed in each pixel. A solid-state imaging device having a unit, storing signal charges in each pixel of the imaging unit during a first imaging period, and transferring the stored signal charges from odd-numbered rows of pixels to adjacent even-numbered rows in the column direction. A driving circuit for driving the solid-state imaging device so as to accumulate signal charges in each pixel of the imaging unit during two imaging periods, and sequentially from the solid-state imaging device according to the signal charges accumulated in the even-numbered rows of pixels. A line memory for storing the output first output signal for at least one row, wherein the first output signal read from the line memory is stored in the odd-numbered row of pixels following the first output signal. Signal charge Detecting a change in a subject based on a difference from a second output signal output from the solid-state imaging device in response to the change.