JP2002168969A - Lightning observation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lightning observation system capable of accurately observing both of a lightning generation danger zone at present and the lightning generation danger zone after a predetermined time passed. SOLUTION: This lightning observation system is provided with a first danger zone determination processing part 2a for determining the lightning generation danger zone from weather observation data, a data estimation processing part 5 for estimating observation data after the predetermined time passed from the weather observation data, and a second danger zone determination processing part 2b for determining the lightning generation gander zone based on output of the data estimation processing part 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lightning observation system for determining a lightning strike based on observation results from a sensor such as a weather radar, and more particularly to predicting a time and a position at which a lightning strike may occur in the future. It relates to a lightning observation system that can be used.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a lightning observation system has been widely used for the purpose of maintaining a power system and the like. In the conventional lightning observation system, the current thundercloud, that is, the area where the cloud where lightning is likely to occur at present is grasped and displayed based on the observation result from an observation device such as a weather radar. Was something.

Furthermore, such a conventional thundercloud observation system generally can also predict the movement of a thundercloud ahead of a desired time and the prediction of lightning. For example, JP-A-2000-
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 131458 discloses a conventional method for predicting the occurrence of a lightning strike, which determines a thundercloud area from observation data of a weather radar or the like and, based on the result of tracking the thundercloud area, moves a thundercloud ahead by a desired time. It describes a thundercloud observation system that can make predictions.
In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos.
-258359).

In general, the dynamics of thunderclouds, which are meteorological phenomena, include complex phenomena such as occurrence, development, decay, and disappearance. It is difficult to grasp from the index, and therefore, an attempt has been made to improve the accuracy of the thundercloud determination by increasing the amount of information for determining the thundercloud.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-268064 discloses a technique for improving the accuracy of such a thundercloud determination by considering other information in addition to weather radar information and high-level weather information. (See also Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-271648 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-1314 in consideration of the rise and fall of a thundercloud.
No. 58 is disclosed. ). Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
Although the PR No. 0-131458 has a mechanism for predicting the extinction of a thundercloud, it does not predict the extinction of a newly generated thundercloud, but only predicts the extinction of a point initially determined to be a thundercloud.

FIG. 22 shows, for example, JP-A-2000-13145.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a conventional lightning observation system disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 8-No. In FIG. 22, reference numeral 1 denotes a table creation processing unit for creating a table for performing processing from various types of weather observation data, and 2 determines and outputs a danger area which is an area having a lightning risk from the tabulated observation data. The dangerous area determination processing unit 3 is a dangerous area movement prediction processing unit that predicts the position of the dangerous area after a desired time using the lightning hazard area, and the current area 4 is obtained by the current lightning dangerous area and the dangerous area prediction processing unit. And a display processing unit for displaying a lightning risk area after a desired time. In addition, the lightning-threatening area here means a cloud having a possibility of lightning, that is, a thundercloud.

[0007]

In the above-mentioned conventional lightning observation system for determining a lightning-risk area, predicting a movement, and predicting a lightning as described above, a thundercloud is treated as a rigid body like an aircraft to perform tracking processing. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to accurately capture the movement of a thundercloud including natural phenomena such as occurrence and disappearance.

Further, tracking processing and movement prediction processing are performed by using information obtained by integrating a plurality of parameters for determining a thundercloud such as weather radar information and high-level weather information in some form. Since data integration is performed, for example, by weighted synthesis of parameters, the amount of information decreases at the stage of data integration. In the conventional method, since the tracking processing and the movement prediction processing are applied to data with a reduced amount of information, there is a problem that it is difficult to accurately capture the dynamics of a thundercloud.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and it is intended to provide weather radar information and other information relating to thundercloud determination while preserving the amount of information or predicting the movement of a thundercloud at a desired amount of information. The purpose is to obtain a new lightning observation system that can provide more accurate lightning observation by performing lightning prediction.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system comprising: (a) a first dangerous area determination processing unit for determining a lightning hazard area from weather observation data; And (c) a second dangerous area determination processing section for determining a lightning dangerous area based on the output of the data prediction processing section.

[0011] The lightning observation system according to claim 2 of the present invention comprises:
(A) a data prediction processing unit for calculating a change rate of an element of data from observation data; and (b) prediction of observation data after a desired time based on an output of the element change rate calculation processing unit. Is provided.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system.
(A) a data prediction processing unit that calculates a speed vector of a data element from observation data;
(B) an element change rate calculation processing section that calculates a change rate of an element of data based on the output of the observation data and the velocity vector calculation processing section; and (c) an output of the speed vector calculation processing section and the element change rate calculation processing section. And an element prediction processing unit for predicting observation data after a desired time based on

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system,
(A) a data processing unit for processing weather observation data and outputting the processed data to a data prediction processing unit;

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system,
(A) The data prediction processing unit includes a first data processing unit that processes observation data and outputs the data to the velocity vector calculation processing unit.

[0015] The lightning observation system according to claim 6 of the present invention comprises:
(A) The data prediction processing unit includes a second data processing unit that processes observation data and outputs the data to the element change rate calculation processing unit.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system,
(A) a data prediction processing unit that processes observation data and outputs it to a velocity vector calculation processing unit; and (b) processes observation data and outputs it to an element change rate calculation processing unit. A second data processing unit is provided.

The lightning observation system according to claim 8 of the present invention provides:
(A) The first or second data processing unit includes a weighting processing unit that weights observation data.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system,
(A) a first or second data processing unit for weighting observation data; and (b)
The image processing apparatus further includes a combining processing unit that combines outputs of the weighting processing units.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, wherein: (a) the first or second data processing section weights the observation data; (b)
A combination processing unit that combines the outputs of the weighting processing units; and (c) an area extraction processing unit that extracts an area based on the output of the combination processing unit.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the lightning observation system according to the eleventh aspect, (a) the first or second data processing unit is a weighting processing unit for weighting observation data;
A synthesis processing unit that synthesizes an output of the weighting processing unit;
(C) an area extraction processing section for extracting an area based on an output of the synthesis processing section; and (d) a feature point extraction processing section for extracting a feature point based on an output of the area extraction processing section.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, wherein: (a) the first or second data processing section weights the observation data; (b)
A synthesis processing unit that synthesizes an output of the weighting processing unit;
(C) a region extraction processing unit that extracts a region based on the output of the synthesis processing unit; (d) a feature point extraction processing unit that extracts a feature point based on the output of the region extraction processing unit; and (e) a data processing processing unit. The output includes a processing unit, a combination processing unit, a region extraction processing unit, and a format control processing unit that determines the format of the feature point extraction processing unit.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, comprising: (a) a data division processing unit for dividing observation data and outputting the divided data to a plurality of data prediction processing units; and (b) an output of the plurality of data prediction processing units. And a data integration processing unit that integrates the data.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, comprising: (a) a data division processing unit that divides an output of the first or second data processing unit and outputs the divided data to a plurality of data prediction processing units; b) It further includes a data integration processing unit that integrates outputs of the plurality of data prediction processing units.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, comprising: (a) a geographic information database having geographic information;
(B) a result determination processing unit that determines an overall result based on the output of the first dangerous area determination processing unit, the second dangerous area determination processing unit, and the geographic information database; and (c) an output of the result determination processing unit Is further provided.

[0025]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In each figure,
The same reference numerals are given to common elements, and redundant description will be omitted.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a lightning observation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 5 denotes a data prediction processing unit for predicting observation data after a desired time using observation data tabulated by the table creation processing unit 1, and 2a determines a lightning risk area from the tabulated observation data. The first dangerous area determination processing section 2b is a second dangerous area determination processing section that determines a lightning dangerous area after a desired time based on the output of the data prediction processing section 5.

Hereinafter, the operation of the lightning observation system of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. In FIG. 16, when observation is started, first, observation data obtained from a weather radar, a weather observation instrument, high-level weather information, electric field intensity information, and the like are obtained for each area of a predetermined size covering the observation area. Observation data from meteorological radar includes echo top temperature, echo intensity, echo top altitude, cloud thickness, etc.High-level weather information includes wind direction, wind speed, temperature, etc. There are information values, the number of polarity changes, and the like. Also, for example,
In some cases, the amount of change in data is obtained, such as the development / weakness of the echo intensity. The position and time at which data can be obtained differ depending on the observation instrument. In order to integrate data such as weighted synthesis, it is necessary to match the position and time of each observation data. The table creation processing unit 1 also performs processing for adjusting the position and time of each observation data. Then, the data is rearranged so as to be suitable for the subsequent processing (step S0).
1). Hereinafter, this is called tabulation. However, this step is omitted if all the data are matched in advance.

If the state of the atmosphere changes spatially due to the wind in the atmosphere and the like, and the atmosphere observed at a certain point PO at a certain time TO is observed at a point P1 at the next time T1, a time T0 position P0 Can be regarded as having moved to the observation data at the time T1 position P1. Hereinafter, this is referred to as spatial / temporal movement of observation data, and the position P0 and the position P1 are referred to as corresponding. Further, the spatial and temporal movement rate of the observation data is called a velocity vector. The spatial / temporal movement amount or movement rate of the observation data, that is, the velocity vector, can be roughly obtained from, for example, wind speed and wind direction obtained as high-level weather information. Further, it is assumed that the amount of change or the rate of change of each observation value is obtained directly from the observation data, or is previously theoretically or empirically modeled, and is obtained from the current value of the observation data. Next, the data prediction processing unit 5 predicts the position and value of each data at a desired time destination (step S0).
2). For example, according to the velocity vector, the observation data is moved by a desired time, and the position of the observation data after the desired time, that is, the corresponding position is obtained.
The value of future observation data can be predicted by performing a linear extrapolation from the current value of the observation data using the change amount of the observation data.

For the predicted observation data after the desired time, the second dangerous area determination processing unit 2b calculates the risk of lightning for each mesh, and when the risk is equal to or more than a certain value, The area corresponding to the mesh is determined to be a lightning hazard area (step S03). In the conventional method, movement prediction is performed using data obtained by combining observation data with weighted combination. Therefore, the movement prediction is performed using the data with the reduced information amount. On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention, the observation data before the weighted combination is, for example, linearly extrapolated,
A future thundercloud position is calculated by predicting a future data value for each data and combining the results. Therefore, since the movement prediction is performed using the data in which the amount of information before weighted synthesis is not reduced, the lightning risk area can be predicted more accurately than the conventional method.

Apart from the above-mentioned processing, the first dangerous area determination processing section 2a determines the lightning dangerous area also for the current observation data (step S04). This processing is performed before or after the judgment of the lightning hazard area after the elapse of the desired time, or
It can be run in parallel.

Thereafter, the data of the current lightning risk area and the lightning risk area after the elapse of the desired time are sent to the display processing unit 4.
The display processing unit 4 displays the current lightning risk area, the lightning risk area after elapse of the desired time, or both (step S05).

When displaying both the current lightning risk area and the lightning risk area after the elapse of the desired time, the state of the movement can be recognized by, for example, an arrow. In addition, by sending the current observation data and the observation data after the elapse of the desired time, and displaying the observation data, the lightning hazard area, or both, not only the lightning hazard area but also the observation data, that is, the atmosphere The status can also be displayed. Further, according to the lightning risk in the lightning risk area, it is possible to display the area in a stepwise manner from the high lightning risk area.

As described above, the lightning observation system according to the present embodiment uses the first dangerous area determination processing unit 2a for determining a lightning hazard area from weather observation data, and predicts observation data after a desired time from weather observation data. And a second dangerous area determination processing section 2b for determining a lightning hazard area based on the output of the data prediction processing section 5, so that weather radar information and other information related to thundercloud determination are provided. By predicting the thundercloud movement and lightning prediction while maintaining the information amount or at the desired information amount, the current lightning risk area and the lightning risk area after the elapse of the desired time can be more accurately determined. It can be observed at

Embodiment 2 FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Other parts are the same as in the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 6 denotes the observation data tabulated by the table creation processing unit 1,
The element change rate calculation processing unit 7 for calculating the change rate of the observation data in a certain fixed time is based on the change rate of each element output from the element change rate calculation processing unit 6 and the current observation data.
An element prediction processing unit that predicts each element of the observation data after the elapse of the desired time and outputs the observation data after the elapse of the desired time.

The operation of the data prediction processing unit 5 shown in FIG. 2 will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Other parts are the same as in FIG. 16 of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated. As described in the first embodiment, the movement amount or the movement rate of the data is obtained by using, for example, the wind direction and the wind speed obtained from the high-level weather information, and is assumed to be known here. If the amount of change or the rate of change of the data cannot be obtained directly, they can be obtained from past observation data. Therefore, the element change rate calculation processing unit 6 uses the velocity vector to associate the current observation data with the observation data at the previous time for each mesh, and calculates the value of each element of the observation data at the current time and the previous time. By comparison, the change amount or change rate of each element is obtained (step S
06).

As a method of calculating the amount of change or the rate of change of data, for example, a method of applying the time series of each element to a straight line or a curve, or a method of modeling each data and calculating according to the model There are methods.
For example, Literature, Yoshio Yuma, Katsuhiro Kikuchi, Imahisa, Taniguchi
Yasushi: "Short-term snowfall prediction experiment using simple weather radar (part 2)", Hokkaido University Geophysical Research Report, Vol.
44, October, 1984, pp. 90-70. 53-51 has issued a method for obtaining a value of echo intensity by solving a diffusion equation relating to echo intensity and solving this equation.

In order to calculate the time change rate of the data, at least the value of the data at one past time is required in addition to the current value of the data. When using the data of the past one time,
The time change rate of the observation data may be calculated by connecting a straight line between the current value of the observation data and the value at the past one time. Further, the time change rate may be calculated by increasing the times of the past data to be used to a plurality of times and applying a straight line to the data by the least square method or the like. When the number of past examples is large, the value of the moving amount (rate) or the amount of change (rate) obtained is stable as compared with the case where the number of past examples is small, but the area for storing past data increases, and Since the amount may increase, it is preferable to use an appropriate number as a past example.

Next, from the element change rate of the observation data, which is the output of the element change rate calculation processing unit 6, and the current observation data, the element prediction processing unit 7 calculates the value of the observation data after the elapse of the desired time. Predict (step S07). This prediction can be performed, for example, by linearly extrapolating the observation data in the time direction.

As described above, in the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the data prediction processing unit 5 includes the element change rate calculation processing unit 6 that calculates the change rate of the data element from the observation data, and the element change rate calculation An element prediction processing unit 7 for predicting observation data after a desired time based on the output of the processing unit 6 is provided. Therefore, even when the change amount or the change rate of the data cannot be directly obtained, it can be obtained from the past observation data.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Other parts are the same as in the first embodiment. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 8 denotes a speed vector calculation processing unit that calculates a movement amount or a movement rate of observation data during a certain time, and 9 denotes a speed vector calculation processing unit 8.
The element change rate calculation processing unit 10 that calculates the change rate of each element from the velocity vector and the observation data that is the output of the velocity data, the element change rate, and the current observation data. Is an element prediction processing unit that predicts.

The operation of the data prediction processing unit 5 shown in FIG. 3 will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Other parts are the same as in FIG. 16 of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated. When the movement amount or the movement rate of the data is not directly obtained, or when the change amount or the change rate of the data is not directly obtained, they can be obtained from the past observation data. First, the speed vector calculation processing unit 8
In step S0, a movement amount or a movement rate of data in a certain period of time, that is, a velocity vector is calculated from current observation data and past observation data (step S0).
8). Assuming that the observation data at the time TO position P0 has moved to the observation data at the time T1 position P1 after a short time due to the change of the atmosphere, the observation data at the time P0 changed by P1−P0 and the observation data at the time P1 are obtained. The data is expected to be strongly correlated. At this time, (P
1−P0) − (T1−T0), that is, (movement amount) /
(Difference in observation time) can be considered as a velocity vector at the time T1 position P1. When the observation range is two-dimensionally considered and the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are considered, a velocity vector is obtained for each direction. Since the difference in the observation time can be obtained by taking the difference in the time at which the observation data was obtained, the movement amount may be obtained. To extract the movement amount, for example, a method of obtaining a cross-correlation between the current observation data and the observation data at the previous time and obtaining the maximum value from the movement amount, or a method of observing the current observation data and the previous time A method is conceivable in which the difference is obtained while shifting the position of the data, and the amount of shift that minimizes the sum is extracted as the movement amount.

Next, in the element change rate calculation processing section 9,
From the obtained velocity vector, the observation data, and the past observation data, the change amount or the change rate of the data element in a certain fixed time is calculated (step S09). For this calculation, the same method as in the second embodiment may be used.

Finally, the element prediction processing unit 10 predicts observation data after a desired time has elapsed from the velocity vector, the element change rate, and the observation data (step S10).
The prediction of the observation data may be obtained, for example, by linear extrapolation of the data value of the observation data and the thundercloud region.

As described above, in the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the data prediction processing unit 5 includes the speed vector calculation processing unit 8 that calculates the speed vector of the data element from the observation data, the observation data and the speed vector calculation. An element change rate calculation processing section 9 for calculating a change rate of a data element based on an output of the processing section 8, and an observation after a desired time based on outputs of the velocity vector calculation processing section 8 and the element change rate calculation processing section 9. An element prediction processing unit 10 for predicting data is provided. Therefore, even when the amount or rate of movement of data cannot be obtained directly, or when the amount of change or rate of change of data cannot be obtained directly, it is necessary to obtain them from past observation data. Can be.

Embodiment 4 FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a lightning observation system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
In FIG. 4, reference numeral 11 denotes a data processing unit for performing processing such as weighting effective for data prediction on observation data tabulated by the table creation processing unit 1; This is a data prediction processing unit that predicts observation data after a lapse of time.

The operation of the data prediction processing unit shown in FIG. 4 will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. The description of the same parts as those in the other drawings is omitted. It is conceivable that the observation data after the table creation processing is arranged randomly according to the respective data characteristics. It is conceivable that some of them include irrelevant or extremely insignificant data from the viewpoint of prediction. Conversely, it is possible that some data is dominant in prediction. Based on the above, by appropriately weighting each observation data element, the influence of data that is disadvantageous to prediction is suppressed, and conversely, the weight of data that is effective for prediction is weighted. That it can be placed,
The amount of calculation can be reduced by reducing unnecessary data. Therefore, the data processing unit 11 performs processing on each data element (step S1).
1).

As the processing, in addition to the processing of applying a weighting factor to each element, it is conceivable to perform format conversion to data in a format specialized for the subsequent processing.

The observation data processed by the data processing unit 11 is input to the data prediction processing unit 5a. Here, the observation data after the elapse of the desired time is predicted using the processed observation data, and the prediction result is output to the second dangerous area determination processing unit 2b.

The lightning observation system of the present embodiment further includes a data processing unit 11 that processes weather observation data and outputs the data to the data prediction processing unit 5a. Therefore, by performing appropriate weighting or the like on each observation data element by the data processing unit 11, it is easy to perform subsequent predictions and observation accuracy is improved.

Embodiment 5 FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 11a denotes a first data processing unit for performing processing such as weighting effective for velocity vector calculation on tabulated observation data, and 8a denotes observation data using the processed observation data. It is a speed vector calculation processing unit that calculates a speed vector.

The operation of the first data processing unit 11a is the same as that of the above-mentioned data processing unit 11, and a description thereof will be omitted. Thereby, there is an effect that the calculation of the speed vector becomes easier or the accuracy becomes higher.

That is, in the present embodiment, the data prediction processing unit 5 processes the observation data and outputs the processed data to the velocity vector calculation processing unit 8a.
a. Therefore, the calculation of the speed vector can be performed more easily or with high accuracy.

Embodiment 6 FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 11b denotes a second data processing unit for performing processing such as weighting effective for calculating the element change rate on the tabulated observation data, and 9a denotes an observation using the processed observation data. This is an element change rate calculation processing unit that calculates a change rate of a data element.

The operation of the second data processing unit 11b is the same as that of the data processing unit 11 of the fourth embodiment, and the description is omitted. Thereby, there is an effect that the calculation of the change rate of the element of the observation data becomes easier or more accurate.

That is, in the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the data prediction processing unit 5 includes a second data processing unit 11b that processes observation data and outputs the data to the element change rate calculation processing unit 9a. I have. Therefore, the calculation of the change rate of the element of the observation data can be performed more easily or with high accuracy.

Embodiment 7 FIG. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. In FIG. 7, reference numeral 11a denotes a first data processing unit for performing processing such as weighting effective for velocity vector calculation on tabulated observation data. Reference numeral 11b denotes an element for the tabulated observation data. A second data processing unit that performs processing such as weighting effective for calculating the change rate, a speed vector calculation processing unit 8a that calculates a speed vector of observation data using the processed observation data, and 9a that is processed An element change rate calculation processing unit that calculates a change rate of an element of the observation data using the observed data.

The operations of the first data processing unit 11a and the second data processing unit 11b are the same as those of the first and second data processing units of the fifth and sixth embodiments, respectively. The description is omitted. As described above, by providing separate processing for calculating the velocity vector and calculating the rate of change of data, more efficient and highly accurate processing specialized for each property can be performed.

That is, in the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the data prediction processing unit 5 processes the observation data, outputs the data to the velocity vector calculation processing unit 8a, the first data processing unit 11a, and the observation data. And a second data processing unit 11b that processes the data and outputs the processed data to the element change rate calculation processing unit 9a. Therefore, by providing separate processing for calculation of the velocity vector and calculation of the rate of change of data, more efficient and highly accurate processing specialized for each property can be performed.

Embodiment 8 FIG. FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention. In FIG. 8, reference numeral 12 denotes a weighting processing unit for performing weighting processing on the tabulated observation data.

The weighting processing section 12 performs weighting processing effective for the next processing. The weighting process is, for example, multiplying a weighting factor proportional to the importance of each element, generating a secondary element from an arbitrary combination of the elements, or satisfying a certain reference value for each element. For example, there is a method of binarizing a case where the condition is satisfied and a case where the condition is not satisfied. The weight, reference value, and combination method in this case include, for example, a method of digitizing knowledge from an expert, or a method of acquiring knowledge by learning through an empirical or neural network.

In the lightning observation system according to the present embodiment, the data processing unit 11 includes a weighting processing unit 12 for weighting observation data. for that reason,
By performing appropriate weighting or the like on each observation data element, subsequent prediction becomes easier and observation accuracy is improved.

Embodiment 9 FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention. In FIG. 9, reference numeral 13 denotes a combining processing unit that combines the observation data weighted by the weighting processing unit 12 so as to be effective for the subsequent processing.

The weighted observation data is generally multidimensional data having dimensions equal to, greater than, or less than the original observation data. Therefore, the processing amount may be large or the processing may be difficult if the format is used as it is. Therefore, the combining processing is performed by the combining processing unit 13 to reduce the dimension of the data.

For example, when the processed observation data is reduced to one dimension, it can be handled as an image. By sending the processed observation data to the display processing unit 4, the image can be displayed and effective information can be provided. it can.

In the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the data processing unit 11 includes a weighting processing unit 12 for weighting observation data, and a combining processing unit 13 for combining the outputs of the weighting processing unit 12. ing. Therefore, by performing the combining process by the combining processing unit and reducing the dimension of the data, it is possible to output effective information with a reduced data amount to the next process.

Embodiment 10 FIG. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention. In FIG.
Reference numeral 14 denotes an area extraction processing unit that extracts an area from the synthetic observation data according to some reference.

The observation data before the processing observation data has the number of data for the entire observation area, and when the observation area is wide,
The number of data will be huge. In addition, since it is generally considered that all observation areas do not become danger areas, it is possible to reduce this by setting some criteria and capturing only those areas that are higher or lower than the criteria. Conceivable.

In general, since the observation area is very large, when the whole is considered as a unit, it is considered that a global movement can be captured, but a local movement cannot be dealt with.
Therefore, a certain criterion is set in the region extraction processing unit 14 for the observation data after the synthesis by the synthesis processing unit 13,
An area higher or lower than the reference is extracted.
The region extracted here is called region observation data.

As a criterion for extracting a region, for example, when processing and combining are performed on the risk of lightning, the synthetic observation data indicates the degree of risk of lightning. Alternatively, a reference value obtained by expert knowledge or learning can be set.

Although the area observation data is lower than the original observation data, processed observation data, and synthetic observation data in terms of the amount of information of the data, the operation observation data is smaller than the method using all data. Amount becomes small, and
Since a process corresponding to each dangerous area can be performed, an effect that a highly accurate process can be performed can be expected.

In the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the data processing section 11 includes a weighting processing section 12 for weighting observation data, and a weighting processing section 12.
Processing unit 13 that synthesizes the output of
Is provided with an area extraction processing unit 14 for extracting an area based on the output of. Therefore, by setting a certain reference in the area extraction processing unit 14 and extracting an area higher or lower than the reference, the data amount can be reduced, and the calculation amount is reduced.

Embodiment 11 FIG. FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention. In FIG.
Reference numeral 15 denotes a feature point extraction processing unit that extracts feature points from the area observation data according to some reference.

By representing the area by the representative points in the area, there is an advantage that data can be easily handled and, for example, a tracking method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 12-131458 can be used.

The characteristic points are, for example, points determined based on a predetermined rule, such as the center of gravity of the area, the center point, the highest point of the value, and one of the vertices of a polygon circumscribing the area. is there. This is called an observation data feature point.

The observation data feature points are lower than the original observation data, processed observation data, composite observation data, and area observation data in terms of the amount of information of the data. Has the effect of becoming Also,
Visualization is also easy.

That is, in the lightning observation system of this embodiment, the data processing unit 11 includes a weighting processing unit 12 for weighting the observation data, a combining processing unit 13 for combining the outputs of the weighting processing unit 12, Area extraction processing unit 1 for extracting an area based on the output of synthesis processing unit 13
4 and a feature point extraction processing unit 15 for extracting feature points based on the output of the area extraction processing unit 14. for that reason,
By extracting the feature points by the feature point extraction processing unit 15 based on some criterion, the data amount can be reduced, and the handling of the data can be facilitated.

Embodiment 12 FIG. FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention. In FIG.
Reference numeral 16 denotes a format control process having a function of receiving outputs from the weighting processing unit 12, the combining processing unit 13, the area extraction processing unit 14, and the feature point extraction processing unit 15 and selecting an output format as the data processing processing unit. Department.

FIG. 20 shows observation data, processed observation data, combined observation data, area observation data, and observation data feature points arranged in terms of the amount of information. When data with a large amount of information is used, highly accurate processing can be performed, but the amount of processing increases. On the other hand, when data with a low information amount is used, the accuracy is lower than when the accuracy is high, but the data is easy to handle. Since the type of data to be used depends on the capabilities and requirements of the system, the format control processing unit 16
This allows for an appropriate choice of data format. Further, the data format may be selected according to weather conditions. For example, since the thundercloud generated in summer has a small spatial spread, it is easy to calculate the center of gravity of the thundercloud region. Therefore, it is often appropriate to select observation data feature points. On the other hand, thunderclouds generated in winter often spread spatially largely in the horizontal direction, so that it is difficult to calculate the center of gravity of the thundercloud region. Therefore, it is often considered appropriate to select a data format other than the observation data feature points.

In the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the data processing unit 11 includes a weighting processing unit 12 for weighting observation data,
A synthesis processing unit 13 for synthesizing the outputs of the above, an area extraction processing unit 14 for extracting an area based on the output of the synthesis processing unit 13, a feature point extraction processing unit 15 for extracting a feature point based on the output of the area extraction processing unit 14, and The output of the data processing unit includes a weighting processing unit 12, a synthesis processing unit 13, a region extraction processing unit 14, and a format control processing unit 16 that determines the format of the feature point extraction processing unit 15. Therefore, appropriate selection of data can be performed.

Embodiment 13 FIG. As a configuration example of the first data processing unit 11a and the second data processing unit 11b shown in FIG. 7, any one of the data processing units 11 shown in FIGS. By arbitrarily combining 11, it is possible to configure a more flexible lightning observation system that is compatible with system constraints, prediction accuracy requirements, costs, and the like.

Embodiment 14 FIG. FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a lightning observation system according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention. In FIG. 13, reference numeral 17 denotes a data division processing unit which divides tabulated observation data into an arbitrary size and an arbitrary number, and 5a to 5b perform a data prediction process on each of the divided observation data. Data prediction processing unit to perform, 18
Is a data integration processing unit that recombines the prediction results for each of the divided observation data on spatial coordinates to form one original observation data.

The operation of the data prediction processing unit shown in FIG. 13 will be described below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. The description of the same parts as those in the other drawings is omitted. In the present embodiment, the data division processing unit 17 divides the observation data after the table creation processing into a predetermined size or number (step S12). Until there are no unprocessed divided images, the data prediction processing units 5a to 5b perform data element prediction processing on each divided image (steps S13 and S02). Thereafter, when there are no unprocessed divided images, the data integration processing unit 18 integrates the processed divided images and outputs the integrated divided images to the second dangerous area determination processing unit 2b (steps S14 and S02).

By dividing observation data for a wide range, it is possible to cope with local changes in weather phenomena. There is also an effect that data can be easily handled.

Further, by parallelizing the data element prediction processing after the division processing according to the number of divisions, there is a merit that the speed can be increased.

As a method of dividing the data, a method of determining the division size so that the divided image has a sufficient size such that one thundercloud area can be accommodated in one divided image, or a method which is easy to process as a system. For example, a method of dividing into sizes can be considered. Further, by overlapping the division, more accurate processing can be expected.

As described above, the lightning observation system according to the present embodiment divides observation data into a plurality of data prediction units 5.
The data further includes a data division processing unit 17 that outputs the data to the data a to 5b and a data integration processing unit 18 that integrates the outputs of the plurality of data prediction processing units 5a to 5b. Therefore, by dividing observation data covering a wide range, it becomes possible to cope with local changes in weather phenomena. Also, data becomes easier to handle. Furthermore, by parallelizing the data element prediction processing after the division processing according to the number of divisions, the speed can be increased.

Embodiment 15 FIG. FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a lightning observation system according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention. The data division processing unit 17 according to the present embodiment performs division for each region of region observation data or for each observation data feature point, and is different from the division processing unit of the fourteenth embodiment.

In this embodiment, the division processing is performed after the data processing processing. The division method here is, for example,
In this method, a region including a region or a feature point and its surroundings is set as a divided region for each region of the region observation data or for each observation data feature point. This has the effect of improving the accuracy of the process, and also has the effect of making it easier to catch the transition of the dangerous area, and it is also possible to send the divided data to the display processing unit 4.

After the division processing, as in the fourteenth embodiment,
By performing the parallel processing, the processing speed can be increased.

As described above, the lightning observation system according to the present embodiment divides the output of the data processing unit 11 and outputs the divided data to the plurality of data prediction processing units 5a to 5b. It further includes a data integration processing unit that integrates the outputs of the prediction processing units 5a and 5b. Therefore, the speed of the processing can be increased by performing the parallel processing.

Embodiment 16 FIG. FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a display processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention. In FIG. 15, reference numeral 21 denotes a geographic information database holding geographic information of an observation area;
Reference numeral 19 denotes a result judgment processing unit for judging a final lightning risk area from the current lightning risk area data, the lightning risk area data after elapse of a desired time, and the geographic information of the observation area. This is a result display processing unit that displays the final lightning risk area, which is the output from the determination processing unit.

Since lightning is a discharge phenomenon between the atmosphere and the ground, not only the atmospheric condition but also the geographical condition of the ground can be considered as a factor. Therefore, more accurate lightning information can be obtained by considering the geographic information of the observation area. Therefore, the geographic information of the observation area is stored in the geographic information database 21 in advance, and the final lightning hazard information can be obtained by taking into account the lightning hazard area information obtained from each weather observation device. it can.

The geographic information stored in the geographic information database 21 includes, for example, altitude information, area information such as mountains, valleys, lakes, fields, and private houses, artificial structure information, information on lightning rods, etc. Information on the presence or absence of metals that increase
In particular, information on places where there have been many past lightning strikes can be considered. Also,
It is also conceivable to use map data described in JP-A-12-131458.

That is, in the lightning observation system of the present embodiment, the output of the geographic information database 21 having geographic information, the first dangerous area determination processing section 2a, the second dangerous area determination processing section 2b, and the output of the geographic information database 21 is provided. Result determination processing unit 19 and result determination processing unit 1 that determine an overall result based on
9 is further provided with a result display processing unit 20 for displaying the output of No. 9. Therefore, more accurate lightning information can be obtained by considering the geographic information of the observation area.

[0095]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system comprising: (a) a first dangerous area determination processing unit for determining a lightning hazard area from weather observation data; (b) after a desired time from weather observation data. (C) a second dangerous area determination processing section that determines a lightning hazard area based on an output of the data prediction processing section. For this reason, weather radar information and other information related to thundercloud determination can be obtained while maintaining the amount of information, or by predicting thundercloud movement and lightning at a desired amount of information, so that the current lightning danger zone and desired time can be obtained. It is possible to more accurately observe the lightning hazard area after the passage.

The lightning observation system according to a second aspect of the present invention provides:
(A) a data prediction processing unit for calculating a change rate of an element of data from observation data; and (b) prediction of observation data after a desired time based on an output of the element change rate calculation processing unit. Is provided. Therefore, even when the change amount or the change rate of the data cannot be directly obtained, it can be obtained from the past observation data.

The lightning observation system according to claim 3 of the present invention provides:
(A) a data prediction processing unit that calculates a speed vector of a data element from observation data;
(B) an element change rate calculation processing section that calculates a change rate of an element of data based on the output of the observation data and the velocity vector calculation processing section; and (c) an output of the speed vector calculation processing section and the element change rate calculation processing section. And an element prediction processing unit for predicting observation data after a desired time based on for that reason,
Even when the movement amount or the movement rate of the data is not directly obtained, or even when the change amount or the change rate of the data is not directly obtained, they can be obtained from the past observation data. .

The lightning observation system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention provides:
(A) a data processing unit for processing weather observation data and outputting the processed data to a data prediction processing unit; Therefore, by performing appropriate weighting or the like on each observation data element by the data processing unit, it is easy to perform the subsequent prediction and the observation accuracy is improved.

The lightning observation system according to claim 5 of the present invention provides:
(A) The data prediction processing unit includes a first data processing unit that processes observation data and outputs the data to the velocity vector calculation processing unit. Therefore, the calculation of the speed vector can be performed more easily or with high accuracy.

The lightning observation system according to claim 6 of the present invention provides:
(A) The data prediction processing unit includes a second data processing unit that processes observation data and outputs the data to the element change rate calculation processing unit. Therefore, the calculation of the change rate of the element of the observation data can be performed more easily or with high accuracy.

The lightning observation system according to claim 7 of the present invention provides:
(A) a data prediction processing unit that processes observation data and outputs it to a velocity vector calculation processing unit; and (b) processes observation data and outputs it to an element change rate calculation processing unit. A second data processing unit is provided.
Therefore, by providing separate processing for calculation of the velocity vector and calculation of the rate of change of data, more efficient and highly accurate processing specialized for each property can be performed.

The lightning observation system according to claim 8 of the present invention provides:
(A) The first or second data processing unit includes a weighting processing unit that weights observation data. For this reason, by performing appropriate weighting or the like on each observation data element by the first or second data processing unit, it is easy to perform subsequent prediction and observation accuracy is improved.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system,
(A) a first or second data processing unit for weighting observation data; and (b)
The image processing apparatus further includes a combining processing unit that combines outputs of the weighting processing units. Therefore, the synthesis processing is performed by the synthesis processing unit,
By reducing the dimension of the data, effective information with a reduced data amount can be output to the next process.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the lightning observation system, wherein (a) the first or second data processing unit is a weighting processing unit for weighting the observation data;
A combination processing unit that combines the outputs of the weighting processing units; and (c) an area extraction processing unit that extracts an area based on the output of the combination processing unit. Therefore, by setting a certain reference in the area extraction processing unit and extracting an area that is higher or lower than the reference, the data amount can be reduced, the data can be easily handled, and the accuracy can be improved. High processing can be performed.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, wherein: (a) the first or second data processing unit is a weighting processing unit for weighting observation data;
A synthesis processing unit that synthesizes an output of the weighting processing unit;
(C) an area extraction processing section for extracting an area based on an output of the synthesis processing section; and (d) a feature point extraction processing section for extracting a feature point based on an output of the area extraction processing section. Therefore, by extracting a feature point based on some criterion by the feature point extraction processing unit, the data amount can be reduced, and the handling of data can be facilitated.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, wherein (a) the first or second data processing section is a weighting processing section for weighting observation data;
A synthesis processing unit that synthesizes an output of the weighting processing unit;
(C) a region extraction processing unit that extracts a region based on the output of the synthesis processing unit; (d) a feature point extraction processing unit that extracts a feature point based on the output of the region extraction processing unit; and (e) a data processing processing unit. The output includes a processing unit, a combination processing unit, a region extraction processing unit, and a format control processing unit that determines the format of the feature point extraction processing unit. Therefore, appropriate selection of data can be performed.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system, comprising: (a) a data division processing section for dividing observation data and outputting the divided data to a plurality of data prediction processing sections; and (b) an output of the plurality of data prediction processing sections. And a data integration processing unit that integrates the data. Therefore, by dividing observation data covering a wide range, it becomes possible to cope with local changes in weather phenomena. Also, data becomes easier to handle.
Further, the data element prediction processing after the division processing is parallelized according to the number of divisions, whereby the speed can be increased.

A lightning observation system according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention provides: (a) a data division processing unit that divides an output of the first or second data processing unit and outputs the divided data to a plurality of data prediction processing units; b) It further includes a data integration processing unit that integrates outputs of the plurality of data prediction processing units. Therefore, the speed of the processing can be increased by performing the parallel processing.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lightning observation system comprising: (a) a geographic information database having geographic information;
(B) a result determination processing unit that determines an overall result based on an output of the first dangerous area determination processing unit, the second dangerous area determination processing unit, and the geographic information database; and (c) an output of the result determination processing unit. Is further provided.
Therefore, more accurate lightning information can be obtained by considering the geographic information of the observation area.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a lightning observation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Other parts are the same as in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a lightning observation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data prediction processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a lightning observation system according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a lightning observation system according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a display processing unit in the entire lightning observation system according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the lightning observation system according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a data prediction processing unit according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of a data prediction processing unit according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the lightning observation system according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a diagram in which observation data, processed observation data, combined observation data, area observation data, and observation data feature points are arranged in the order of information amount.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the lightning observation system according to the fourteenth embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a conventional lightning observation system.

[Explanation of symbols]

2a first dangerous area determination processing section, 2b second dangerous area determination processing section, 5, 5a-5b data prediction processing section, 6,
9, 9a element change rate calculation processing section, 7, 10 element prediction processing section, 8, 8a velocity vector calculation processing section, 11 data processing section, 11a first data processing section, 1
1b 2nd data processing unit, 12 weight processing unit, 13 synthesis processing unit, 14 area extraction processing unit, 15
Feature point extraction processing unit, 16 format control processing unit, 17 data division processing unit, 18 data integration processing unit, 19 result determination processing unit, 20 result display processing unit, 21 geographic information database.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kuri Tanaka 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Within Mitsui Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Takahiko Fujisaka 2-2-2-3 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Claims (15)

[Claims] (A) a first dangerous area determination processing section for determining a lightning hazard area from weather observation data; (b) a data prediction processing section for predicting observation data after a desired time from weather observation data; And (c) a lightning observation system comprising a second dangerous area determination processing section that determines a lightning dangerous area based on an output of the data prediction processing section. (A) an element change rate calculation processing section that calculates a change rate of an element of data from observation data; and (b) a data prediction processing section based on an output of the element change rate calculation processing section. The lightning observation system according to claim 1, further comprising an element prediction processing unit that predicts observation data after a time. (A) the data prediction processing unit calculates a speed vector of a data element from observation data; (b) based on the observation data and the output of the speed vector calculation processing unit, And (c) an element for predicting observation data after a desired time based on the outputs of the velocity vector calculation processing section and the element change rate calculation processing section. The lightning observation system according to claim 1, further comprising a prediction processing unit. 4. The lightning observation system according to claim 1, further comprising: (a) a data processing unit for processing weather observation data and outputting the data to the data prediction processing unit. . 5. The data prediction processing unit according to claim 3, wherein the data prediction processing unit includes a first data processing unit that processes the observation data and outputs the data to the velocity vector calculation processing unit. Lightning observation system. 6. The data predicting section processes the observed data and outputs the processed data to the element change rate calculating section.
4. A data processing unit according to claim 3, wherein
Lightning observation system described in 1. 7. A first data processing section for processing the observation data and outputting the processed data to the velocity vector calculation processing section; and (b) processing the observation data, 4. The lightning observation system according to claim 3, further comprising a second data processing unit that outputs the data to the change rate calculation processing unit. 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein (a) said first or second data processing section comprises a weighting processing section for weighting the observation data. Lightning observation system. 9. A weighting processing unit for weighting observation data, wherein: (a) the first or second data processing unit; and (b) a synthesis processing unit for synthesizing an output of the weighting processing unit. The lightning observation system according to any one of claims 4 to 7, further comprising: 10. A weighting processing section for weighting observation data, wherein: (a) the first or second data processing section; and (b) a synthesis processing section for synthesizing an output of the weighting processing section; (C) An area extraction processing section for extracting an area based on an output of the synthesis processing section is provided.
The lightning observation system according to any one of the above. 11. (a) The first or second data processing unit is a weighting processing unit for weighting observation data; (b) a combining processing unit for combining the output of the weighting processing unit; c) an area extraction processing section for extracting an area based on the output of the synthesis processing section; and (d) a feature point extraction processing section for extracting a feature point based on the output of the area extraction processing section. The lightning observation system according to claim 4. 12. (a) The first or second data processing section is a weighting section for weighting observation data; (b) a combining section for combining the output of the weighting section; c) a region extraction processing unit that extracts a region based on the output of the synthesis processing unit; (d) a feature point extraction processing unit that extracts a feature point based on the output of the region extraction processing unit; and (e) the data processing process 8. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a format control processing unit that determines a format of the processing unit, the synthesis processing unit, the region extraction processing unit, and the feature point extraction processing unit as an output of the unit. The lightning observation system according to any one of the above. 13. A data division processing unit for dividing observation data and outputting the divided data to the plurality of data prediction processing units; and (b) a data integration processing unit for integrating outputs of the plurality of data prediction processing units. The lightning observation system according to claim 1, further comprising: 14. A data division processing section for dividing the output of the first or second data processing section and outputting the divided data to a plurality of data prediction processing sections; and (b) a plurality of data prediction processing sections. The lightning observation system according to any one of claims 4 to 12, further comprising a data integration processing unit that integrates outputs of the units. (A) a geographic information database having geographic information; (b) a comprehensive geographic information database based on the outputs of the first dangerous area determination processing section, the second dangerous area determination processing section, and the geographic information database. 13. A result determination processing unit for determining a result; and (c) a result display processing unit for displaying an output of the result determination processing unit.
The lightning observation system according to any one of the above.