JP2002148833A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming device which uses the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity characteristics in the wavelength region from 380 to 600 nm and excellent durability which does not fatigue or deteriorate by light, and to provide an image forming device which uses the above photoreceptor and a laser having the oscillation wavelength from 380 to 600 nm as the exposure light source, which has high sensitivity and high resolution and which can give stable picture quality. SOLUTION: In the electrophotographic photoreceptor with which a laser having the oscillation wavelength from 380 to 600 nm is used as the exposure light source, the photosensitive layer 4 on a conductive supporting body 1 contains a specified amine compound as a charge transfer substance 3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor is mounted on an image forming device which uses a laser having the oscillation wavelength from 380 to 600 nm as the exposure light source.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member using a laser oscillating at a short wavelength as a light source for exposure, and an image forming apparatus using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an organic photoconductive material has been generally and frequently used with respect to an inorganic photoconductive material which has been conventionally used due to the progress of its development. It has become. Electrophotographic photoreceptors using organic photoconductive materials have some problems such as sensitivity, durability and environmental stability. However, in terms of toxicity, cost and flexibility of material design, inorganic photoreceptors This is because it has many advantages over the photoconductive material.

As a configuration of an electrophotographic photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive material which is generally put into practical use at present, a charge generation function and a charge transport function in a photoconductive function are divided into separate substances. And a function-separated type photoreceptor of a laminated type or a dispersed type. In such a function-separated type photoreceptor, since the selection range of each substance is widened, by combining the best substances in the electrophotographic characteristics such as charging characteristics, sensitivity, residual potential, repetition characteristics and printing durability, it is possible to achieve high performance. A high-performance photoconductor can be provided. In addition, since an electrophotographic photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive material can be produced by coating a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, extremely high productivity can be provided, and an inexpensive photoreceptor can be provided. By appropriately selecting the substance, the photosensitive wavelength range and the light sensitivity can be freely controlled. Further, by appropriately selecting the binder resin contained in the charge transfer layer, it is possible to design a photosensitive member having excellent wear resistance.

As described above, the performance of an electrophotographic photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive material has been improved so as to overcome the problems of the conventional characteristics. Conductive materials are used more frequently than inorganic photoconductive materials.

A typical example of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus using a laser beam as an exposure light source is a laser printer. In recent years, digitalization has been advanced in copiers, and a laser is used as an exposure light source. It has become commonplace.

[0006] As a laser mainly used as an exposure light source, a semiconductor laser which is low cost, consumes little energy, and is lightweight and compact has been put to practical use. The semiconductor laser is
From the viewpoint of output stability and lifetime, those having an oscillation wavelength in the near infrared region near 800 nm are generally used. This is because a laser that oscillates at a short wavelength simply because of a technical problem,
Until now, it has not been put to practical use. In response to this, the charge generation layer is used in an image forming apparatus using a laser as an exposure light source, so that the charge generation layer contains an organic compound having a sensitivity by absorbing light in a long wavelength region, particularly a phthalocyanine pigment. Type photoreceptors have been developed.

Further, in order to improve the image quality of an output image of an image forming apparatus based on the electrophotographic technique, studies have been made to increase the image quality. There are several means for achieving high resolution with a high recording density, and an optical method is to narrow the spot diameter of the laser beam and increase the writing density. Therefore, the focal length of the lens used can be shortened, but in addition to the difficulty in designing the optical system,
With a laser having an oscillation wavelength in the near-infrared region near 800 nm, it is difficult to obtain a clear spot contour even if the beam diameter is reduced by operating the optical system. The cause lies in the diffraction limit of the laser beam, which is an unavoidable phenomenon.

The laser spot diameter D converged on the surface of the photoreceptor has a wavelength λ of the laser beam and a lens numerical aperture N.
And A represented by the following formula (I). D = 1.22λ / NA (I) From the formula (I), since the spot diameter D is proportional to the oscillation wavelength of the laser beam, a laser having a short oscillation wavelength may be used to reduce the spot diameter D. I understand.

As described above, the development of a laser having a short oscillation wavelength has been delayed compared to a laser having a long oscillation wavelength, but a red laser having an oscillation wavelength near 650 nm was put into practical use in the early 1990s. . Also in 1995,
Successful development of a 10-nm oscillation blue-violet laser was announced, and its practical use has become a reality.

[0010] However, such blue lasers are expected to improve the recording density of optical discs, but are hardly expected as light sources for exposure of image forming apparatuses by electrophotography. This is because the conventional electrophotographic photoreceptor does not exhibit sensitivity in this wavelength range.

That is, a conventional laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer are sequentially laminated on a conductive substrate is generally put to practical use. If the photoreceptor uses a charge-generating substance that also absorbs at a wavelength of 500 nm or less, it should generally exhibit sensitivity to exposure to a short-wavelength laser of 500 nm or less. However, in practice, since the charge transfer layer laminated on the charge generation layer, particularly the charge transfer material, absorbs at a wavelength of 500 nm or less, the short-wavelength laser light used as the exposure light source is irradiated on the surface of the photosensitive layer. The layered electrophotographic photoreceptor does not exhibit sensitivity in this wavelength range because it is absorbed and cannot reach the charge generation layer.

In addition, since exposure is performed with high-intensity light having uniform wavelength components, the charge transfer substance and the charge generation substance are liable to deteriorate, and the sensitivity of the photoreceptor decreases over a long period of use, and high image quality cannot be maintained. There is also a problem.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to
An electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity characteristics in a wavelength range of 0 to 600 nm and having excellent durability not fatigue-degraded by light, and a laser having an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 600 nm using the photoreceptor as an exposure light source, An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus having high sensitivity and high resolution and capable of obtaining stable image quality.

[0014]

According to the present invention, an oscillation wavelength of 3
An electrophotographic photoreceptor using a laser in the range of 80 to 600 nm as an exposure light source, wherein the photosensitive layer on the conductive support contains an amine compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a charge transfer material. An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in that:

[0015]

Embedded image

(In the formula, a is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and 1 carbon atom which may have a substituent.
A fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain a substituent, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom. , M represents an integer of 1 to 4. However, when m is 2 or more, a may be the same or different, and may form a ring with each other. R ¹ is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. Group,
It represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a hydrogen atom. X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or N—R ² , wherein R ² is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms that may have a substituent, and a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms that may have a substituent. Or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain a substituent. Ar ¹ is an aryl group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, A fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be contained and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain a substituent are shown. n shows the integer of 1-2. )

According to the present invention, by containing a specific amine compound as a charge transfer material, it has high sensitivity characteristics to a laser having an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 600 nm as an exposure light source, Accordingly, it is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that does not deteriorate due to fatigue and has excellent durability.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the photosensitive layer has a laminated structure having at least a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transfer layer containing the charge transfer material.

According to the present invention, by including a specific amine compound in the charge transfer layer, the charge transfer layer has a high sensitivity characteristic to a laser having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 600 nm as an exposure light source. It is possible to provide a laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor that is excellent in durability without fatigue deterioration.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the charge transfer layer is laminated on the charge generation layer.

According to the present invention, a specific amine compound is contained in the charge transfer layer laminated on the charge generation layer, so that the amine compound has an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 600 nm.
The laser light can reach the charge generation layer without absorbing the laser light from the exposure light source of the laser in the range described above and exhibit high sensitivity.

Further, according to the present invention, in the charge transfer layer, a charge transfer material / binder resin is contained in a weight ratio of 10/12 to 10 /
25 is contained.

According to the present invention, a specific amine compound as a charge transfer material has a high mobility,
When a conventional charge transfer material is used, only the same amount as the charge transfer material can be added to the binder resin. Even if the content is increased, the high sensitivity of the charge transfer layer can be maintained. , The printing durability of the charge transfer layer can be improved, and the durability of the electrophotographic photoreceptor can be improved.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the photosensitive layer comprises a single layer containing a charge generating substance and the charge transfer substance.

According to the present invention, by including a specific amine compound as a charge transfer material, the amine compound absorbs the laser light from the exposure light source of the laser having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 600 nm without absorbing the laser light. A single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor that exhibits high sensitivity by absorbing a laser beam by a charge generating substance can be provided.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that an intermediate layer is provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.

According to the present invention, by providing an intermediate layer between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer, it is possible to prevent image defects, particularly in the reversal development process, to cover the surface of the conductive support for defects, and to improve the chargeability. Of the photosensitive layer, the adhesiveness of the photosensitive layer, and the coating property of the photosensitive layer can be improved.

According to the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus for forming an image, comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and means for charging, exposing, developing, transferring and cleaning. The image forming apparatus is characterized in that the exposure means includes a laser having an oscillation wavelength in a range of 380 to 600 nm as a light source.

According to the present invention, in the image forming apparatus, 3
By using a laser having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 80 to 600 nm as a light source and mounting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, stable image quality with high sensitivity and high resolution can be obtained.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that an image is formed using a reversal development process. According to the present invention, in an image forming apparatus for forming a dot-shaped toner image by reversal development to obtain an image, a laser having an oscillation wavelength in a range of 380 to 600 nm and an electron containing a specific amine compound as a charge transfer material. By combining with a photoreceptor, there is no fatigue deterioration of the photoreceptor, high durability and high sensitivity, extremely excellent dot reproducibility and character reproducibility,
An image forming apparatus capable of obtaining a high-resolution output image can be provided.

[0031]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention contains an amine compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a charge transfer material in a photosensitive layer on a conductive support.

[0032]

Embedded image

In the general formula (1), a may contain a C1-C3 alkyl group which may contain a substituent, a C1-C5 fluoroalkyl group which may contain a substituent, or a substituent. C1-5 perfluoroalkyl group, C1
Represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 3, a dialkylamino group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom. m is 1 to 4
Indicates an integer. However, when m is 2 or more, a may be the same or different, and may form a ring with each other.

Specific examples of a include methyl, ethyl, n
Alkyl groups such as -propyl and isopropyl, alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy and isopropoxy, dialkylamino groups such as dimethylamino, diethylamino and di-isopropylamino, and halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine And the like. Generally, electron donating substituents are preferred.

In the general formula (1), R ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a substituent. Preferred are perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, dialkylamino groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and hydrogen atoms.

Specific examples of R ¹ include methyl, ethyl,
Examples include alkyl groups such as n-propyl and isopropyl, alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy, and dialkylamino groups such as dimethylamino and diethylamino.

In the general formula (1), X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or N—R ² , and R ² may have a substituent and may have an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a substituent. It represents a C1-5 fluoroalkyl group or a C1-5 perfluoroalkyl group which may contain a substituent.

Specific examples of X include oxygen, sulfur atom, N
-Methyl group and N-ethyl group.

In the general formula (1), n represents 1 or 2.
In the general formula (1), Ar ¹ represents an aryl group which may have a substituent or a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.

Specific examples of Ar ¹ include aryl groups such as phenyl, tolyl, anisyl, naphthyl, pyrenyl and biphenyl, and heterocyclic groups such as benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and N-ethylcarbazolyl. No.

Among the amine compounds represented by the general formula (1), Ar ¹ is a phenyl group, a p-tolyl group, a p-anisyl group, Biphenyl group or naphthyl group,
R ¹ and a are each a hydrogen atom, X is an oxygen or sulfur atom, and n is 2.

Next, specific examples of the amine compound represented by the general formula (1) are shown in Tables 1 to 3, but the amine compound of the present invention is not limited by these structures.

[0043]

[Table 1]

[0044]

[Table 2]

[0045]

[Table 3]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing an example of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a function-separated type photosensitive layer having a charge transfer layer 6 on a charge generation layer 5. A charge generation layer 5 having a charge generation material 2 as a main component dispersed in a binder resin and a charge having a charge transfer material 3 as a main component dispersed in a binder resin as a photosensitive layer 4 on the conductive support 1. Moving layer 6
And a function-separated type photoreceptor comprising a stack of A charge transfer layer 6 is formed on the surface of the charge generation layer 5, and the charge transfer layer 6
Contains the above-mentioned amine compound as the charge transfer material 3.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view schematically showing an example of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a function-separated type photosensitive layer having the charge generation layer 5 on the charge transfer layer 6. 1 is a function-separated type photoreceptor formed by laminating a charge generation layer 5 and a charge transfer layer 6 similar to those in FIG. 1, but the charge generation layer 5 is formed on the surface of the charge transfer layer 6 in reverse to FIG. The charge transfer material 3 is contained in the charge transfer layer 6.
The above-mentioned amine compound is contained.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view schematically showing one example of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a dispersion type photosensitive layer. The structure of a single-layer type photoreceptor comprising a single layer in which a charge generating substance 2 and a charge transfer substance 3 are dispersed in a binder resin as a photosensitive layer 14 on a conductive support 1 is shown.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example having a surface protective layer 7 in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of FIG. The surface protective layer 7 is provided on the conductive support 1 and the photosensitive layer 14 similar to that shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example having the intermediate layer 8 in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of FIG. Conductive support 1
1 shows a configuration of a function-separated type photoconductor comprising a laminate in which an intermediate layer 8 is provided between the photosensitive layer 4 and the photosensitive layer 4 similar to FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example having the intermediate layer 8 in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of FIG. Conductive support 1
3 shows the structure of a single-layer photoreceptor comprising a single layer in which an intermediate layer 8 is provided between the photosensitive layer 14 and the same photosensitive layer 14 as in FIG.

The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present embodiment can have any of the configurations shown in FIGS.

As the conductive support 1, aluminum,
Metal foil lamination or metal deposition on aluminum alloy, copper, zinc, stainless steel and titanium, and other metal drums and sheets, polymer materials such as polyethylene terephthalate, nylon and polystyrene, hard paper and glass, or conducting wires Drums, sheets, and seamless belts on which a layer of a conductive compound such as a conductive polymer, tin oxide, and indium oxide are deposited or applied.

On the surface of the conductive support 1, if necessary, anodized film treatment, surface treatment with chemicals and hot water, coloring treatment, and the surface of the conductive support are provided as long as the image quality is not affected. Irregular reflection processing such as roughening may be performed to prevent image defects due to interference of laser light having a uniform wavelength. That is, in an electrophotographic process using a laser as an exposure light source, incident laser light and light reflected in the electrophotographic photosensitive member cause interference, and this interference fringe appears on an image to cause an image defect.

The intermediate layer 8 prevents image defects in the reversal development process, covers defects on the surface of the conductive support, improves chargeability, improves adhesion of the photosensitive layer, and improves coatability of the photosensitive layer. For the purpose, it is provided between the conductive support 1 and the photosensitive layer 4 or 14. In particular, when an image is formed using the reversal development process, a toner image is formed on a portion of the exposed portion where the surface charge has decreased, so if the surface charge decreases due to factors other than exposure, toner adheres to a white background. Fogging of the image, such as black spots, occurs, and the image quality remarkably deteriorates. That is, by causing a decrease in chargeability in a minute area due to a defect in the conductive support 1 or the photosensitive layer 4 or 14, an image fogging called a minute black spot (black spot) where toner adheres to a white background. This causes a significant image defect such as generation of an image.

As the material of the intermediate layer 8, various resin materials,
Those containing metal particles and metal oxide particles are used. Specifically, examples of the metal oxide include titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and tin oxide. Materials used for forming the intermediate layer with a single resin layer include polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, melamine resin, and silicone. Resin materials such as resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, and polyamide resins, copolymer resins containing two or more of the monomers constituting these resins, casein, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl cellulose are known. Among these, a polyamide resin is particularly preferable, and as a more preferable polyamide resin, an alcohol-soluble nylon resin can be used. For example, 6-nylon, 66-nylon,
So-called copolymerized nylon obtained by copolymerizing 610-nylon, 11-nylon, 12-nylon, and the like;
A type obtained by chemically modifying nylon, such as -alkoxymethyl-modified nylon and N-alkoxyethyl-modified nylon, is preferred.

The intermediate layer 8 contains a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, adjusts the volume resistance value of the intermediate layer 8 to prevent the injection of electric charge from the conductive support 1, and to perform the operation under various environments. May maintain the electrical characteristics of the photoconductor. In this case, the resin described above, water and various organic solvents, especially,
Single solvent of water, methanol, ethanol or butanol, water and alcohols, two or more alcohols, acetone or dioxolane and alcohols, or mixed solvent of dichloroethane, chloroform and trichloroethane and other chlorinated solvents and alcohols A metal oxide such as titanium oxide is dispersed in the solution dissolved in the above to prepare a coating solution for an intermediate layer. The intermediate layer 8 can be formed by applying the dispersion onto the conductive support 1.

As a method for dispersing the coating solution for the intermediate layer, general methods such as a ball mill, a sand mill, an attritor, a vibration mill and an ultrasonic disperser can be applied. The total content A of the resin and the metal oxide in the coating solution for the intermediate layer is A / B of 3/97 to 20/80 with respect to the content B of the organic solvent used in the coating solution for the intermediate layer. Preferably it is a weight ratio. Resin / metal oxide is 90/10 by weight
１／1/99, preferably 70 / 30-5 / 9
5 is more preferred.

Examples of the coating method include a spray method, a bar coating method, a roll coating method, a blade method, a ring method, and a dipping method. Among these coating methods, the physical properties and productivity of the coating liquid are taken into consideration. And select the best method. In particular, the dip coating method is a method in which the conductive support 1 is immersed in a coating tank filled with a coating liquid, and then pulled up at a constant speed or a speed that changes sequentially, thereby forming an intermediate layer. Since the dip coating method is relatively simple and is excellent in productivity and cost, it is often used in the production of electrophotographic photosensitive members. The apparatus used for the dip coating method may be provided with a coating liquid dispersing apparatus typified by an ultrasonic generator in order to stabilize the dispersibility of the coating liquid.

The thickness of the intermediate layer 8 is preferably 0.01 μm.
m to 20 μm, more preferably 0.05 μm to 10 μm. The thickness of the intermediate layer 8 is 0.01
If the thickness is smaller than μm, it will not substantially function as the intermediate layer 8, and it will not be possible to obtain uniform surface properties by covering defects of the conductive support 1, thus preventing the injection of charges from the conductive support 1. And the chargeability decreases. 2
It is not preferable that the thickness is larger than 0 μm, because when the intermediate layer is applied by dip coating, it becomes difficult to manufacture the photoconductor and the sensitivity of the photoconductor is reduced.

Those effective as the charge generating substance 2 include azo pigments such as monoazo, bisazo and trisazo pigments, indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo, perylene pigments such as peryleneimide and perylene anhydride, anthraquinone and pyrenequinone. And phthalocyanines such as metal phthalocyanines and non-metal phthalocyanines, squarylium dyes, pyrylium salts and thiopyrylium salts, triphenylmethane dyes, and inorganic materials such as selenium and amorphous silicon. These charge generating substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The charge generating substance 2 includes triphenylmethane dyes represented by methyl violet, crystal violet, night blue and Victoria blue, erythrosine, rhodamine B, rhodamine 3R, acridine represented by acridine orange and flapeosin and the like. Sensitizing dyes such as dyes, thiazine dyes represented by methylene blue and merylene green, oxazine dyes represented by capri blue and meldra blue, other cyanine dyes, styryl dyes, pyrylium salt dyes, and thiopyrylium salt dyes; They may be combined.

As a method for forming the charge generation layer 5, there are a method of forming the charge generation substance 2 by vacuum deposition and a method of forming a film by mixing and dispersing the charge generation substance 2 in an organic solvent mixed with a binder resin. In general, a method in which the charge generation material 2 is dispersed in a binder resin mixed solution by a known method and then applied is preferable.

As the binder resin, polyester resin, polystyrene resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, alkyd resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin,
Resins such as silicone resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral resin and polyvinyl formal resin, and copolymer resins containing two or more of the monomers constituting these resins are Used. Examples of the copolymer resin include insulating resins such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer resin, and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin. . The binder resin is not limited to these, and all commonly used resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Solvents for dissolving these binder resins include halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and ethane dichloride, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). )
And ethers such as dioxane; cellosolves such as dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; aprotic polar solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; These mixed solvents can be used. The compounding ratio of the charge generating material 2 to the binder resin is preferably such that the ratio of the charge generating material 2 is in the range of 10% by weight to 99% by weight. If the amount is less than this range, the sensitivity decreases, and if it is more than this, not only the film strength of the charge generation layer decreases, but also the number of coarse particles increases due to the decrease in dispersibility. .

Before the mixing and dispersing treatment, the binder resin may be previously pulverized by a pulverizer. Examples of the pulverizer used for the pulverization include a ball mill, a sand mill, an attritor, a vibration mill, and an ultrasonic disperser. As the dispersing condition, an appropriate condition is selected so that impurities are not mixed due to abrasion of the container and the dispersing medium to be used.

Examples of the coating method include a spray method, a bar coating method, a roll coating method, a blade method, a ring method, and a dipping method. In particular, as described above, the dip coating method is relatively simple, and is excellent in productivity and cost. Therefore, the dip coating method is often used when forming the charge generation layer 5.

The thickness of the charge generation layer 5 is preferably 0.0
The range is 5 μm or more and 5 μm or less, more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 1 μm or less.

The charge transfer layer 6 is obtained by incorporating at least one kind of the amine compound represented by the general formula (1) into a binder resin. Even when a semiconductor laser or the like having an oscillation wavelength in a wavelength range of 380 to 600 nm is used, the amine compound is exposed to high-intensity light having uniform wavelength components without absorbing light in the wavelength range. It is hard to change even if it is done. That is, if the amine compound is contained as a charge transfer material, the charge transfer material does not absorb the laser light in the wavelength range, the charge generation material absorbs the light, and exhibits high sensitivity. Also, it is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the sensitivity is not reduced due to long-term use and high image quality cannot be maintained.

In the charge transfer layer 6, not only the amine compound represented by the general formula (1) but also other charge transfer substances 3 may be mixed and used in some cases. Examples of the other charge transfer material 3 include a carbazole derivative, an oxazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, a thiazole derivative, a thiadiazole derivative, a triazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, an imidazolone derivative, an imidazolidine derivative,
Bisimidazolidine derivatives, styryl compounds, hydrazone compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, indole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, oxazoline derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, benzofuran derivatives, acridine derivatives, phenazine derivatives, aminostilbene derivatives, triarylamine derivatives , Triarylmethane derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives and benzidine derivatives. Polymers having a group consisting of these compounds in the main chain or side chain, such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole and poly-1
-Vinylpyrene, poly-9-vinylanthracene, and polysilane.

However, when the charge transfer layer 6 shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 is a function-separated type photosensitive layer 4 formed on the charge generation layer 5, the charge transfer layer 6 is used as described above. It is important that the semiconductor laser is transparent to the oscillation wavelength of the semiconductor laser. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present embodiment uses a semiconductor laser having an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 600 nm, particularly 400 to 500 nm, as an exposure light source, as described later. Therefore, in the case of the photosensitive layer 4 of the function separation type as shown in FIGS.
Arylamine, benzidine, and stilbene compounds having no absorption in a short wavelength region of about 0 to 500 nm are preferable, and the amine compound represented by the general formula (1) is optimal because it has higher mobility.

As the binder resin of the charge transfer layer 6, a resin having compatibility with the charge transfer material 3 is selected. For example, vinyl polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and copolymers thereof, and polycarbonate, polyester, polyester carbonate, polysulfone, phenoxy resin, epoxy resin, silicone, polyarylate, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, poly Resins such as acrylamide and phenol are exemplified. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more kinds, or a partially crosslinked thermosetting resin may be used. In particular, polystyrene,
Resins such as polycarbonate, polyarylate, and polyphenylene oxide have a volume resistance of 10 ¹³ Ω or more, and also have excellent film properties and potential characteristics.

To the charge transfer layer 6, conventionally known plasticizers and silicone-based leveling agents are added as necessary to impart processability and flexibility to the photosensitive layer and to improve surface smoothness. You can also. Examples of the plasticizer include dibasic acid esters, fatty acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, phthalic acid esters, chlorinated paraffins, and epoxy type plasticizers. Further, fine particles of inorganic and organic compounds can be added to the charge transfer layer 6 to increase mechanical strength and improve electrical characteristics.

The amount of addition of the above-mentioned binder resin and the above-mentioned amine compound is generally 1: 1 by weight.
Since the amine compound has a high mobility, the weight ratio of the amine compound / binder resin can be set to 10/12 to 10/25 while maintaining high sensitivity to increase the binder resin content. . By increasing the content of the binder resin as described above, the printing durability of the charge transfer layer 6 is improved, and the durability of the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present embodiment can be improved. If the ratio of the binder resin exceeds 10/25, sufficient sensitivity cannot be obtained.

Further, the charge transfer layer 6 may contain various additives such as an antioxidant and a sensitizer, if necessary. Particularly, α-tocopherol and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenol are preferred as antioxidants. α-Tocopherol is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less based on the charge transfer material, and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol is added in an amount of 0.1% by weight based on the charge transfer material. It is preferable that the content is 1% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less. Thereby, the potential characteristics are excellent, and the stability as a coating liquid is also increased.

The charge transfer layer 6 is formed, for example, by using a suitable organic solvent, such as a dipping method, a spray method, a spinner method, a roll coating method, and a bar coating method, similarly to the above-described intermediate layer 8 and charge generation layer 5. It can be performed by a blade method or a ring method, and the dip coating method is widely used because it is excellent in various points as described above. Examples of the coating solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and monochlorobenzene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and dichloroethane, and TH.
A single solvent such as F, dioxane, dimethoxymethyl ether, dimethylformamide or a mixture of two or more solvents is used. If necessary, a solvent such as alcohols, acetonitrile and methyl ethyl ketone can be further used.

The thickness of the charge transfer layer 6 is preferably from 5 to 50 μm, more preferably from 10 to 40 μm.

In the case of a single-layer type photoreceptor, the charge generating material 2 and the charge transfer material 3 are dissolved and dispersed in the binder resin to prepare a coating solution, and the coating solution is applied by the dip coating method or the like. A single photosensitive layer 14 is formed. The same additives as in the photosensitive layer 4 can be added to the photosensitive layer 14.

The photosensitive layer 4 or 14 may further contain one or more kinds of electron-accepting substances or dyes so as to improve the sensitivity so as to suppress an increase in residual potential and fatigue during repeated use. Examples of the electron acceptor include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and
Acid anhydrides such as chlornaphthalic anhydride; cyano compounds such as tetracyanoethylene and terephthalmalon dinitrile; aldehydes such as 4-nitrobenzaldehyde; anthraquinones such as anthraquinone and 1-nitroanthraquinone; Polycyclic or heterocyclic nitro compounds such as nitrofluorenone and 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone, and those obtained by polymerizing these electron-withdrawing materials can be used. As the dye, for example, an organic photoconductive compound such as a xanthene dye, a thiazine dye, a triphenylmethane dye, a quinoline pigment, and copper phthalocyanine can be used as the optical sensitizer.

By providing a protective layer 7 as shown in FIG. 7 on the surface of the photosensitive layer 4 or 14, the abrasion of the photosensitive layer 4 or 14 can be improved, and the chemical adverse effect due to ozone and nitrogen oxides can be obtained. Can be prevented.

An antioxidant such as a phenolic compound, a hydroquinone compound, a tocopherol compound and an amine compound and a suitable ultraviolet absorber are added to each layer of the photoreceptor, if necessary, and the photoreceptor is repeated. Fatigue deterioration during use can be reduced and durability can be improved.

Next, an image forming apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member configured as described above will be described. The image forming apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an image forming apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention. Around the electrophotographic photosensitive member 11, a charger 32, a semiconductor laser 31, a developing device 33, a transfer charger 34, and a fixing device 3
5 and the cleaner 36 are arranged in order.

The drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member 11 is driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral speed in the direction of arrow 41 by driving means (not shown). In the rotation process, the photoreceptor 11 is uniformly charged with a predetermined positive or negative potential on its peripheral surface by a contact type or non-contact type charger 32. Next, a laser beam from the semiconductor laser 31 repeatedly scans the surface of the photoconductor 11 in the longitudinal direction (main scanning direction),
An electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 11. The formed electrostatic latent image is developed as a toner image by a developing device 33 provided downstream of the image forming point in the rotation direction.

In synchronization with the exposure of the photoconductor 11, the transfer paper is supplied to a transfer charger 34 provided further downstream in the rotation direction of the developing device 33, and the toner image is transferred to the transfer paper. The transfer paper is conveyed to the fixing device 35 by the conveyance belt, and the toner image is fixed on the transfer paper. The transfer paper on which the image is formed in this way is discharged. The cleaner 36 is
Further provided on the downstream side of the transfer charger 34 in the rotation direction and on the upstream side of the charger 32 in the rotation direction, together with an unillustrated discharge lamp, cleans the toner remaining on the surface of the photoconductor 11. Further, by rotating the photoconductor 11, the above rotation process is repeated, and an image is formed.

In the case where the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 11 is negatively charged by the charger 32, a reversal development process is employed in which a negatively charged toner is attached to an exposed area whose surface charge has been reduced by exposure and developed.

By using the semiconductor laser 31 having an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 600 nm as an exposure light source and mounting an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing the above-described amine compound as a charge transfer material, the image quality having high sensitivity and high resolution is stable. An image forming apparatus obtained by the above method can be provided. Particularly, in the reversal development process, by using the electrophotographic photoreceptor, there is no fatigue deterioration of the photoreceptor, high durability and high sensitivity, extremely excellent dot reproducibility and character reproducibility, and high resolution output. An image forming apparatus capable of obtaining an image can be provided.

When the charger 32 is a contact charging means using a charging roller or the like, the contact charger 32 is provided with a function of cleaning the residual toner on the photoconductor 11,
The cleaning means 36 may be omitted, and the light removing process may be further omitted.

Further, the photosensitive member 11 may be integrally formed with at least one of the charger 32, the developing device 33 and the cleaner 36 to form a process cartridge. For example, a process cartridge incorporating the photoconductor 11, the charger 32, the developing device 33, and the cleaner 36, a process cartridge incorporating the photoconductor 11, the charger 32, and the developing device 33, the photoconductor 11 and the cleaner 36, And a process cartridge incorporating the photoconductor 11 and the developing device 33 can be configured. Use of such a process cartridge facilitates replacement in a printer or the like.

Hereinafter, the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present invention and the image forming apparatus using the same will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

Example 1 Dendritic titanium oxide surface-treated with Al ₂ O ₃ and ZrO ₂ (TT manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.)
9 parts by weight of O-D-1) and 9 parts by weight of a copolymerized nylon resin (CM8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) were added to 41 parts by weight of 1,3-dioxolane and 41 parts by weight of methyl alcohol, and the mixture was treated with a paint shaker for 12 hours. By dispersing, a coating solution for an undercoat layer was prepared. The prepared undercoat layer coating solution was applied on an aluminum substrate using a baker applicator so that the film thickness after drying was 1 μm, thereby forming an undercoat layer as an intermediate layer.

Next, 2 parts by weight of an azo compound represented by the following structural formula (2) was added to a resin solution obtained by dissolving 1 part by weight of butyral resin (BX-1 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) in 97 parts by weight of THF. Disperse with a paint shaker for 10 hours,
A coating solution for a charge generation layer was prepared. This charge generation layer coating solution was applied on the undercoat layer formed earlier using a baker applicator so that the film thickness after drying was 1 μm to form a charge generation layer.

[0093]

Embedded image

Next, 10 parts by weight of the amine compound of Exemplified Compound 2 shown in Table 1, 14 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (Z200 manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company), and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenol 0 After dissolving 2 parts by weight in 80 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran, this coating solution was dried on a charge generating layer with a baker applicator to a film thickness of 1%.
It was applied to a thickness of 8 μm to form a charge transfer layer. Thus, a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member having the layer configuration shown in FIG. 5 was produced.

(Examples 2 and 3) Two kinds of compounds were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amine compounds of Exemplified Compounds 15 and 22 shown in Tables 2 and 3 were used instead of Exemplified Compound 2. An electrophotographic photosensitive member was manufactured.

Comparative Example 1 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Comparative Compound (3) represented by the following structural formula (3) was used instead of Exemplified Compound 2.

[0097]

Embedded image

Example 4 An azo compound represented by the above structural formula (2) was added to a 1% THF solution of a phenoxy resin (PKHH manufactured by Union Carbide) in the same amount as the resin in a weight ratio, and a paint conditioner ( (Red Devil Co., Ltd.) with glass beads having a diameter of 1.5 mm for about 2 hours to prepare a coating solution for a charge generation layer. The prepared charge generation layer coating solution was applied on a support of an aluminum-evaporated polyester film (thickness: 80 μm) by a doctor blade method and dried to form a charge generation layer. The film thickness after drying was 0.2 μm.

Then, 1 g of Exemplified Compound 3 shown in Table 1 was obtained.
And polyarylate resin (Unitika U-100)
A solution of 1.4 g and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenol in THF (15
%) To prepare a coating solution for a charge transfer layer. The coating liquid for a charge transfer layer was applied onto the charge generation layer formed previously by a squeezing doctor to form a charge transfer layer as a resin-amine compound solid solution phase having a dry film thickness of 25 μm. Thus, a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member having the layer configuration shown in FIG. 1 was produced.

(Examples 5 and 6) Two kinds of electrons were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the amine compounds of Exemplified Compounds 7 and 20 shown in Tables 1 and 3 were used instead of Exemplified Compound 3. A photoreceptor was prepared.

Comparative Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that Comparative Compound (4) represented by the following structural formula (4) was used instead of Exemplified Compound 3.

[0102]

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Example 7 Table 1 was used instead of Exemplified Compound 2.
Except for using the amine compound of Exemplified Compound 5 shown in
In the same manner as in Example 1, a coating solution for a charge transfer layer was prepared.
The prepared charge transfer layer coating solution was applied on an aluminum substrate in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the film thickness after drying was 18 μm, to form a charge transfer layer.

Next, the coating solution for a charge generation layer prepared in Example 1 was applied on the charge transfer layer in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the film thickness after drying was 1 μm. Was formed.

By applying as described above, a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member having the layer configuration shown in FIG. 2 was produced.

(Comparative Example 3) In Comparative Example 2, the charge transfer layer was formed first, and the charge generation layer was formed on the charge transfer layer. A laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor shown in FIG. 2 having a reversed configuration was produced.

Example 8 A coating solution for an undercoat layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the undercoat layer was applied on an aluminum substrate so that the film thickness after drying was 1 μm. Was formed.

Next, 1 part by weight of the azo compound represented by the structural formula (2), 12 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin (Z-400 manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company), 10 parts by weight of the exemplified compound 3, 3-bromo-5, 5 parts by weight of 7-dinitrofluorenone, 0.5 parts by weight of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 65 parts by weight of THF were mixed in a ball mill to give 1 part.
The mixture was dispersed for 2 hours to prepare a coating solution for a photosensitive layer. The coating solution is applied on the undercoat layer formed previously by a baker applicator, and dried with hot air at 110 ° C. for 1 hour, and has a dry film thickness of 20 μm and has a single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor having a layer structure of FIG. Was prepared.

(Evaluation 1) The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus manufactured was subjected to an electrostatic copying paper test apparatus (EPA manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Co., Ltd.).
-8200), the surface potential of the photoreceptor: -600 V, and the exposure wavelength separated by a monochromator: 450 nm.
It evaluated on condition of. The evaluation sensitivity (E _1/2 ) was calculated from the amount of light when the surface potential showed −300 V at each monochromatic wavelength.
Further, the residual surface potential (Vr) 30 seconds after the exposure was also measured. Further, the dark portion potential (V
₀ : -600 V setting) and bright portion potential (V ₁ : -100 V)
From the initial sensitivity of (Setting), charge, exposure and static
The potential change amounts ΔV ₀ and ΔV ₁ when the operation was repeated 0 times were obtained. A negative sign in the potential fluctuation indicates a decrease in the absolute value of the potential, and a positive sign indicates an increase in the absolute value of the potential. The charging polarity of Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Example 3 was positive. Table 4 shows the results of these evaluations.

[0110]

[Table 4]

From the results shown in Table 4, it can be seen that the electrophotographic photoreceptors of the examples have higher sensitivity in the short wavelength region and more stable repetition characteristics than the comparative examples.

Example 9 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a thioindigo compound represented by the following structural formula (5) was used as a charge generating substance.

[0113]

Embedded image

(Examples 10 and 11) An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the amine compounds of Exemplified Compounds 13 and 17 shown in Table 2 were used instead of Exemplified Compound 2. .

Comparative Example 4 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the comparative compound (3) represented by the structural formula (3) was used instead of the exemplary compound 2.

(Evaluation 2) The above Examples 9 to 11 and ratios
The exposure wavelength of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of Comparative Example 4 was 400 n.
m, 500 nm and 600 nm.
Was evaluated. The residual surface potential (V) after 30 seconds of exposure
r) is omitted, and the potential change amount ΔV ₀And ΔV₁To
This was determined using 500 nm monochromatic light. Evaluation
The results are shown in Table 5.

[0117]

[Table 5]

From the results shown in Table 5, it can be seen that the electrophotographic photosensitive members of the examples are superior to the comparative example in sensitivity in a short wavelength region, particularly in the vicinity of 500 nm, and have stable repetition characteristics.

Example 12 In Example 1, an untreated needle-like titanium oxide (MT-150A manufactured by Teica) was used instead of titanium oxide, and N-methoxymethylated nylon was used instead of the copolymerized nylon resin. A coating solution for an undercoat layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a resin (EF-30T manufactured by Teikoku Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. Using a dip coating device,
The prepared undercoat layer coating solution was made of aluminum, having a thickness of 0.8 mm (t), a diameter of 30 mm (φ), and a length of 326.
A 3 mm conductive support was immersed, and a coating liquid for an undercoat layer was applied to the surface of the conductive support to form an undercoat layer having a dry film thickness of 1.0 μm.

Then, an aluminum drum having an undercoat layer formed thereon was immersed and coated in the coating solution for a charge generation layer prepared in Example 1, and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a film having a thickness of 1.0.
A μm charge generation layer was formed.

Then, the drum on which the undercoat layer and the charge generating layer were formed was immersed in a coating solution for the charge transfer layer prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Exemplified Compound 3 was used. For 1 hour to form a charge transfer layer having a dry film thickness of 20 μm, thereby producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

(Comparative Example 5) An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 12, except that the comparative compound (4) represented by the structural formula (4) was used as the charge transfer material instead of the exemplary compound 3. Was prepared.

(Evaluation 3) The solid-state blue SHG laser (Hitachi, Ltd.) was used as an exposure light source for the electrophotographic photosensitive members of Example 12 and Comparative Example 5 described above in a copying machine (AR-N200 manufactured by Sharp Corporation) employing a reversal development system. ICD-430: 4 manufactured by Metal Company
30 dpi) with a resolution of 600 dpi (dot
(1 inch per space image) and a 5-point character image were output, and the images were evaluated. Table 6 shows the results.

[0124]

[Table 6]

From the results shown in Table 6, it was found that the image forming apparatus of the example was excellent in dot reproducibility and character reproducibility, and that a high-resolution output image was obtained.

Comparative Example 6 An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 12, except that 8 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin was used as a binder resin for the charge transfer layer.

[0127]

[Table 7]

From the results shown in Table 7, it was found that the image forming apparatuses of the examples had excellent durability and could obtain high-resolution output images.

[0129]

As described above, according to the present invention, by containing a specific amine compound as a charge transfer material, a high sensitivity to a laser having an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 600 nm as an exposure light source can be obtained. It is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having characteristics and excellent in durability which is not deteriorated by fatigue due to light.

According to the present invention, by using a laser having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 600 nm as a light source and mounting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, stable image quality with high sensitivity and high resolution can be obtained. An image forming apparatus can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a function-separated type photosensitive layer having a charge transfer layer 6 on a charge generation layer 5.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a layer configuration of an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the amine compound of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a layer configuration of an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the amine compound of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a layer configuration of an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the amine compound of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a layer structure of an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the amine compound of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a layer structure of an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the amine compound of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram schematically showing an image forming apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Conductive support 2 Charge generation material 3 Charge transfer material 4, 14 Photosensitive layer 5 Charge generation layer 6 Charge transfer layer 7 Surface protective layer 8 Intermediate layer

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor using a laser having an oscillation wavelength in a range of 380 to 600 nm as an exposure light source, wherein a photosensitive layer on a conductive support comprises a charge transfer material represented by the following general formula (1): An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an amine compound represented by the formula: Embedded image (In the formula, a is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. A perfluoroalkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
It represents a dialkylamino group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and m represents an integer of 1 to 4. However,
When m is 2 or more, a may be the same or different, and may form a ring with each other. R ¹ is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or a perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. Group, C 1-3
And a dialkylamino group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom. X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or NR ² , wherein R ² has 1 carbon atom which may contain a substituent;
Alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may contain a substituent.
And a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain a substituent. Ar ¹ is
An aryl group which may have a substituent, a heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group which may have a substituent, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a carbon atom which may have a substituent A fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain a substituent are shown. n shows the integer of 1-2. ) 2. The electron according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer has a laminated structure including at least a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transfer layer containing the charge transfer material. Photoreceptor. 3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2, wherein said charge transfer layer is laminated on said charge generation layer. 4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2, wherein the charge transfer layer contains a charge transfer material / binder resin in a weight ratio of 10/12 to 10/25. 5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein said photosensitive layer comprises a single layer containing a charge generating substance and said charge transfer substance. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein an intermediate layer is provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer. 7. An image forming apparatus for forming an image, comprising: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1; and each of charging, exposure, development, transfer and cleaning means. An image forming apparatus, wherein the exposure means includes a laser having an oscillation wavelength in a range of 380 to 600 nm as a light source. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the image is formed using a reversal development process.