JP2002145690A - Snow thawing fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a snow thawing fertilizer which substantially eliminates dispersion of a snow thawing agent and can be additionally fertilized without increasing scattering amount of the snow thawing agent per unit area and without entering in a muddy field after thaw. SOLUTION: The snow thawing fertilizer is constituted by containing fertilizer components, porous materials and the snow thawing agent and preferably particulate matter or pelletized matter containing the fertilizer components and porous materials is coated with the snow thawing agent to obtain the snow thawing fertilizer.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a snow melting fertilizer having a function as a snow melting agent.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Winter crops, such as wheat and rapeseed, which are of the autumn seeding type, have the ability to form flower buds only when exposed to low temperatures in winter for a certain period of growth. , Flower buds have the property of differentiating and developing, heading and flowering.

For example, generally, wheat is sown in late autumn, overwintered by larvae, and harvested in early summer.
However, in order for wheat to grow normally, it is important to balance nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, and other factors and supply them in a timely manner, especially from March when new leaves begin to grow after wintering. Topdressing performed in April is an extremely important operation because it increases the number of ears and significantly increases the number of grains per ear. For this reason, in snowy regions such as Hokkaido, it is enforced that such topdressing is performed simultaneously with the thaw. However, in reality, even though the fertilizer applicator attempts to enter the vast field and mechanically perform topdressing, the field immediately after the thaw where a large amount of snow has melted absorbs the large amount of water and the whole surface is weak. It is muddy and the heavy fertilizer
The wheels and the like were sunk into the mud, and it was not in such a state that the vehicle could be operated very smoothly, and there was a great problem that efficient fertilization could not be performed.

[0004] On the other hand, in an area with a large amount of snow, it was necessary to speed up the melting of snow in the field as much as possible in order to increase the yield of wheat. In order to accelerate this snow melting, a snow melting agent is sprayed on snow, and a snow melting agent such as carbon black which does not harm crops is widely used for agriculture. It is preferable that these snow-melting agents are scattered in a finer powder form in order to increase the snow-melting efficiency per weight of the snow-melting agent. was there.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve these problems, and as a result, by combining a fertilizer component and a snow melting agent under specific conditions, the scattering of the snow melting agent has been substantially reduced. It has been found that fertilizer can be eliminated almost without increasing the amount of snowmelt applied per tsubo and without entering a muddy field after snowmelt.

[0006]

According to the present invention, the following inventions described in the claims are provided.

[0007] The snowmelt fertilizer according to the first aspect is a snowmelt fertilizer containing a fertilizer component, a porous substance, and a snowmelt.

[0008] The snowmelt fertilizer according to claim 2 is a snowmelt fertilizer obtained by coating a granular or granulated material containing a fertilizer component and a porous substance with a snowmelt.

The snowmelt fertilizer according to claim 3 is a snowmelt fertilizer obtained by granulating a mixture containing a fertilizer component, a porous substance, and a snowmelt.

[0010] In the snow melting fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the porous substance is zeolite, peat, bark compost, charcoal,
It is at least one snowmelt selected from the group consisting of vermiculite, bentonite, perlite, pulp sludge ash, activated ash, and diatomaceous earth fired grains.

The snow melting fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the snow melting agent is carbon black, fly ash, humus,
It is at least one snowmelt fertilizer selected from the group consisting of black iron oxide and red iron oxide.

[0012] The snowmelt fertilizer according to claim 6 is a snowmelt fertilizer wherein the fertilizer component is at least one selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The fertilizer component of the snowmelt fertilizer of the present invention is basically a component of topdressing performed on, for example, wheat or the like from March to April, and usually has three main components of fertilizer (N, P). , K) include at least a nitrogen component. For example, nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, lime nitrate, acetaldehyde condensed urea, isobutyraldehyde condensed urea, guanyl urea sulfate, oxamide, and lime nitrogen are used. Of these, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium phosphate are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of immediate effect. In addition, if desired, phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate, heavy superphosphate, melted phosphorus fertilizer, and calcined phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizers such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium sulfate sulfate, potassium bicarbonate, etc. Further, it may be included.

The present invention is characterized in that a porous substance is used together with the above fertilizer component. The porous substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a solid substance having a large number of pores and can adsorb liquid molecules and ions, and may be a layered compound. Preferred examples of such porous materials include zeolite, activated carbon, peat, bark compost, charcoal, vermiculite, bentonite, perlite, pulp sludge ash, activated ash, diatomaceous earth fired particles, and porous silicon.

The urea, ammonium sulfate (abbreviated as ammonium sulfate), ammonium chloride (abbreviated also as ammonium salt), ammonium nitrate (abbreviated as ammonium nitrate), and ammonium phosphate (abbreviated as ammonium phosphate) used in the present invention. )
Fertilizer components such as fertilizer are basically applied on snow during the winter, but during the winter, the fertilizer is kept in the snow as it melts, the fertilizer comes into contact with the soil, and the fertilizer starts to work. Is a preferred embodiment. However, since these fertilizers are hygroscopic (or deliquescent), when fertilized on snow as it is or simply together with a snow melting agent, the snow melts and absorbs moisture and loses its shape. It travels down the inside and most of it runs away with the melting water.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the fertilizer components are porous substances such as zeolite, peat, bark compost,
With charcoal and the like, and more preferably, both are uniformly mixed and fertilized on snow, so that even if the fertilizer component dissolves or deliquesces, the dissolved fertilizer component is adsorbed on these porous materials.・ Because it is retained, it is unlikely that it will substantially flow away. In addition, when the fertilizer component and the porous substance are actually made into granules, the shape of the granules is retained even when the granules are left in the snow for a long period of time, and almost no runoff of the fertilizer components is observed. It is confirmed that there is no.

Thus, the fertilizer component held by the porous substance does not flow off in the course of snow melting, and the onset of fertilizer effect starts when it first reaches the soil surface after snow melting.
In the present invention, the fertilizer component fertilized on snow in this way begins to fertilize after snow melting by the above mechanism. Therefore, substantially the same effect as applying a fertilizer component to a field after snow melting in the usual manner can be obtained. In addition, these porous substances are also soil improvement materials that are basically approved for use in agriculture and are approved by government ordinance.
It can be used for this purpose without any problem.

Further, in the present invention, since the fertilizer component is adsorbed and held on the porous substance, the fertilizer component moves to the soil surface without directly adhering to wheat leaves or the like. It also has the feature that there is very little concern about leaf burning caused by leaves.

The snowmelt fertilizer of the present invention contains a snowmelt together with the above fertilizer component and porous material.

The snow melting agent is not particularly limited, and any one usually used for agriculture is preferably used. For example, carbon black, fly ash, humus (humin), black iron oxide, red iron oxide, charcoal powder, burning ash of dried plants, lignite powder, calcium carbonate containing carbon black, and the like can be used. In particular, black fine powder is preferable. The melting of the snow by the black fine powder is based on a mechanism in which the black body receives sunlight and emits heat rays to promote the melting of the snow. The application amount of the snow melting agent can be appropriately changed according to the type and particle size of the snow melting agent. For example, in the case of commonly used carbon black having an average particle size of 2 mm, 50 to 6
It is about 0 kg. In addition, as a snow melting agent, those used for roads, such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and calcium acetate, are not preferable for the purpose of the present invention.

In the present invention, the ratio of the fertilizer component, the porous substance and the snow melting agent is about 50 to 500 g of the porous substance and about 0.1 to 30 g of the snow melting agent per 100 g of the fertilizer component. Further, as a form of the snow-melting fertilizer of the present invention, a fertilizer component, a porous substance and this snow-melting agent may be simply sufficiently mixed to form a powder composition, more preferably, a fertilizer component,
Granulating a mixture containing the porous material and the snow melting agent. More preferably, the granular material containing the fertilizer component and the porous material is coated with a snow melting agent, or the fertilizer component and the porous material are first granulated to an appropriate particle size, and the obtained granulated material is subjected to a snow melting agent. It is to coat. This is because the snow melting agent is preferably coated not on the inside of the particle but on the surface of a granulated material or the like which can sufficiently receive the sunlight.

The particle size of the coated granules or granules is about 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably about 1 to 5 mm. In general, the smaller the particle size of the granular material, the larger the surface area per unit mass. However, if it is smaller than 0.1 mm, it is easily blown off by the wind at the time of application, and if it is larger than 10 mm, the coating area becomes smaller and the It is not preferable because the efficiency becomes poor.

The amount of the snow-melting agent to be coated can vary depending on the type of the snow-melting agent, its particle size, and the like.
The weight is 0.2 to 500 g, preferably about 0.5 to 30 g per kg.

If the amount of the snow-melting agent is too small, the snow-melting effect cannot be sufficiently exerted. If the amount is too large, the snow-melting agent is wasted and the coated snow-melting agent peels off during handling, resulting in poor appearance. Become.

In the present invention, the mixing of the fertilizer component, the porous substance and the snow melting agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably performed by a powder mixer such as a screw mixer, a pan mixer, a pug mixer, or the like.

In the present invention, when the fertilizer component and the porous material are granulated or the granules are coated with a snow melting agent, for example, a rotary drum type granulator (drum coater) or a rotary pan type granulator may be used. (Pan coater) or the like by a known granulation operation (coating operation).

That is, the powdery fertilizer component and the porous substance are separately or more preferably mixed in advance from the upper part of a rotating dish (bread) or cylinder (drum) arranged at an angle, preferably as a well-mixed mixture. , Supply,
Water (and starch, PVA, CMC,
(Which may contain a binder made of a water-soluble polymer such as gelatin) onto the tumbling powder, thereby adhering, aggregating, and growing the powder to form a spherical granule. .

In order to coat the above-mentioned granulated material with the snow melting agent, a spray nozzle for spraying water or a water-soluble polymer and a spray nozzle for spraying water-soluble polymer into a rotary drum type granulator (drum coater) or the like are used. Provide a feeder or shooter for powder supply that supplies powder or granular snow melting agent, from one nozzle a binder aqueous solution, from another feeder etc. carbon black, flash eye,
While supplying powder such as humus or the like, the granulated material composed of the fertilizer component or the like is rotated, and carbon black or the like may be sufficiently adhered to the surface of the fertilized granulated material. In addition, when the fertilizer component and the like are granular to some extent, without performing this granulation, while rotating the granular material, as described above, carbon black or the like is supplied thereto, and coating may be performed. Good.

The snowmelt fertilizer of the present invention can be used not only for wheat,
It can be suitably applied to cultivated crops requiring overwintering, such as onion and asparagus.

[0031]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. In the examples, “parts” or “%” means “parts by mass” or “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 (Manufacture of snowmelt fertilizer in which a granulated material was coated with a snowmelt)
One part of ammonium sulfate (average particle size: 16 mesh) and one part of zeolite (particle size: 0.1 to 3.0 mm) as a porous material were mixed, tumbled and granulated, and then dried. The granules were sieved to obtain granules having a particle size of 0.1 to 3.0 mm.

0.5% of carbon black (particle size: 100 mesh) and 3.0% of finely ground humin (particle size: 10 mesh), which are snow melting agents, were added to the granules and coated with a drum coater. ~ 3mm snowmelt fertilizer was obtained.

(Measurement of Snow Melting Effect) The test was conducted in Sunagawa, Hokkaido. 30cm on a snowy surface with 56-85cm of snow
Test area A, and test areas B and C, separated by a frame of × 30 cm
Was formed. The experiment started on March 15 at 10 am
The wind speed at the time of spraying was 2-3 m / sec. The example in the test section A is an example of the present invention, the one in the comparative section B is equivalent to the comparative example, and the one in the comparative section C is equivalent to the reference value (blank) (the same in the following examples).

(A) Test Section-1 12 g of the snowmelt fertilizer prepared above was sprayed as uniformly as possible on the snow in the test section of 30 cm × 30 cm. In addition,
This application amount is 10% as the actual amount of fertilizer in the field.
This corresponds to an application of 40 kg per are.

(B) Comparative Section-1 12 g of fly ash (kneading ash) as a snow-melting agent was uniformly spread on the snow of Comparative Section B measuring 30 cm × 30 cm.

(C) Comparative Section-2 1.6 mm of ammonium sulfate was placed on the snow in Comparative Section C of 30 cm × 30 cm.
g. The amount of ammonium sulfate was the same as the amount of ammonium sulfate in the snow melting fertilizer. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0038]

[Table 1] (Note) In the table, the shortened days indicate how many days the snowmelt was earlier than on the basis of Comparative Section C.

Example 2 (Manufacture of Snow Melting Fertilizer in Which Granulated Material was Coated with Snow Melting Agent)
One part of ammonium nitrate (average particle size: 14 mesh) and 2.3 parts of zeolite (average particle size: 8 mesh) as a porous substance were mixed.

To this mixture, 0.5% of black iron oxide (particle size: 80 mesh) as a snow melting agent was added to perform tumbling granulation.
Snowmelt fertilizers having a particle size of 1 to 3 mm were obtained.

(Measurement of Snow Melting Effect) The test was carried out in Sunagawa, Hokkaido. 30cm on a snowy surface with 56-85cm of snow
Test zone A, as in Example 1,
And test plots B and C were formed. The start of the experiment was 3
The wind speed at the time of spraying at 10:00 am on March 15 is 2-3 m / sec.
c.

(A) Test Section-1 12 g of the snowmelt fertilizer prepared above was sprayed as uniformly as possible on the snow in the test section of 30 cm × 30 cm. In addition,
This application amount is 10% as the actual amount of fertilizer in the field.
This corresponds to an application of 40 kg per are.

(B) Comparative Section-1 As a snow melting agent, 12 g of ash (Kumiai Ash) was evenly sprayed on the snow of Comparative Section B measuring 30 cm × 30 cm.

(C) Comparative section-2 Comparative section C of 30 cm × 30 cm.
Scattered. The amount of nitrate was the same as the amount of nitrate in the snow melting fertilizer. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0045]

[Table 2]

[Example 3] (Production of snowmelt fertilizer in which a granulated material was coated with a snowmelt)
One part of saltyuan (average particle size: 14 mesh) and 1.4 parts of charcoal powder as a porous substance were mixed, tumbled and granulated, and then dried. The granules were sieved to obtain granules having a particle size of 0.1 to 3.0 mm.

0.5% of carbon black (particle size: 100 mesh) and 3.0% of finely ground humin (particle size: 10 mesh), which are snow melting agents, were added to the granules and coated with a drum coater. ~ 3mm snowmelt fertilizer was obtained.

(Measurement of Snow Melting Effect) The test was carried out in Sunagawa, Hokkaido. 30cm on a snowy surface with 56-85cm of snow
Test zone A, as in Example 1,
And test plots B and C were formed. The start of the experiment was 3
The wind speed at the time of spraying at 10:00 am on March 15 is 2-3 m / sec.
c.

(A) Test plot-1 12 g of the snowmelt fertilizer prepared above was sprayed as uniformly as possible on the snow in the test plot of 30 cm x 30 cm. In addition,
This application amount is 10% as the actual amount of fertilizer in the field.
This corresponds to an application of 40 kg per are.

(B) Comparative Section-1 12 g of fly ash (kumiai ash) as a snow-melting agent was evenly sprayed on the snow of Comparative Section B measuring 30 cm × 30 cm.

(C) Comparative plot-2 1.6 kg of salt and salt were put on the snow of the comparative plot C of 30 cm × 30 cm.
g. The amount of salt is the same as the amount of salt in snowmelt fertilizer. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0052]

[Table 3]

[0053]

As described above, according to the snow melting fertilizer of the present invention, when it is applied on snow, unlike the conventional method of spraying a powdery snow melting agent, the snow melting agent scatters substantially. Hardly ever happen. Further, it is not necessary to increase the amount of the snow melting agent applied per unit area of the field.

Further, according to the snowmelt fertilizer of the present invention, it is possible to apply fertilizer on snow, and the fertilizer component is prevented from flowing out by a porous substance even during the thaw, and its shape is maintained. Since the fertilization effect starts from the point when the component comes into contact with the soil surface after snow melting, it has a great effect that it is not necessary to apply fertilizer to a muddy field after thaw, and its industrial availability is Extremely large.

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masayuki Hanasaki 1 Toonumacho, Sunagawa-shi, Hokkaido F-term (reference) 2B052 CA01 CA05 4H020 AA01 AB01 4H061 AA01 BB03 BB10 BB11 BB15 BB32 DD01 DD18 DD20 EE16 EE43 EE44 EE45 EE46 EE70 FF08 GG26

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A snow melting fertilizer comprising a fertilizer component, a porous substance and a snow melting agent. 2. A granular material or a granulated material containing a fertilizer component and a porous substance, which is coated with a snow melting agent.
Snowmelt fertilizer according to the above. 3. The snow-melting fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein a mixture containing a fertilizer component, a porous substance, and a snow-melting agent is granulated. 4. The porous material is at least one selected from the group consisting of zeolite, peat, bark compost, charcoal, vermiculite, bentonite, perlite, pulp sludge ash, activated ash, and diatomaceous earth fired grains. 4. The snowmelt fertilizer according to any one of Items 1 to 3. 5. The snow melting fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the snow melting agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, fly ash, humus, black iron oxide, and red iron oxide. 6. The snowmelt fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer component is at least one selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate.