JP2002142563A - Method for plant cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for developing technique for cultivating a plant in a labor-saving manner without fertilizing and using an agrochemical. SOLUTION: This method for plant cultivation comprises cultivating a plant in the soil in which VA fungi and leguminous bacteria grow.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a plant.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, cultivated plants have to be sown in a field, fertilized, sprayed with pesticides, sometimes irrigated, and weeds are removed and harvested. Because cultivation is performed in various climatic conditions, methods have been devised to cope with the weather. However, crops are immediately affected by high and low temperatures, and if sunshine continues, the amount of daylight becomes excessive and not only causes obstacles, but also causes drought damage.

[0003] In order to avoid drought damage, irrigation facilities have been created by pumping groundwater, but this has caused salt accumulation and the land to be barren at present. Then, when the soil becomes thinner, the plants do not grow, and in extreme cases, they exhibit a desert state. The so-called desertification is now happening around the world, and we are studying with wisdom to solve problems. In other words, there is a strong demand for the development of a method that can be cultivated for a long time without being affected by high and low temperatures or drought as much as possible, and without losing the soil without applying fertilizer.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to develop a method of cultivating a plant without fertilization and without using pesticides and saving labor.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by cultivating plants in soil where VA bacteria and rhizobia grow. That is, the present invention provides (1) a plant cultivation method characterized in that a plant is cultivated in soil in which VA bacteria and rhizobia grow, and (2) the soil in which VA bacteria and rhizobia grow is a mountain forest, a forest or a forest. (1) The method of cultivating a plant according to (1), wherein the plant is under a tree;
(1) The method for cultivating a plant according to (1) or (2), wherein the plant is at least one species of the ginger family or the taro family, (4) the plant is Ashitaba (1), ( The present invention relates to the method for cultivating a plant according to 2) or 3).

[0006] VA bacteria ( Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhi)
zal Fungi ) is a family of filamentous fungi that live in the roots of plants and provide nutrients and water, such as phosphoric acid and minerals, to the plants through hyphae spread outside the roots. It is a symbiotic bacterium that obtains the nutrients necessary for the growth of A.

[0007] Rhizobium is a group of bacteria belonging to the genus Rhizobium belonging to the genus Rhizobium and invading the roots of legumes to form nodules. In addition, the roots of plants other than leguminous plants (such as alder and dokutsugi) are parasitized to form nodules, and Frankia performs nitrogen fixation.
Genus actinomycetes can also be said to be rhizobia in a broad sense (biological dictionary).

[0008] By mixing such VA bacteria and rhizobia, a symbiotic action is caused, nitrogen in the air and soil is fixed, nitrogen is replenished to plants, and phosphoric acid,
The potassium is cut off (chelated), which makes the nutrients soluble and easier for the plant to absorb. In such a symbiotic situation, the VA bacteria will relay water,
Distant water can also be carried to the roots of plants. This has the advantage that there is no salt disturbance as seen in irrigation water supply.

[0009] Usually, plants are not grown in forests, forests or under trees. The reason was from the viewpoint that it became shade and lacked nutrients to be absorbed. However, one of the features of the present invention is that it has been found that a forest, a forest or under a tree is suitable as a place where VA bacteria and rhizobia are mixed as described above.

In forests and forests, the amount of topsoil due to deciduous leaves increases. As the amount of topsoil increases, microorganisms, animal dung and dead bodies in the deciduous leaves accumulate, resulting in a fertilizer effect. It has various advantages such as being able to cultivate plants, being less susceptible to changes in outside air temperature due to environmental protection of mountain forests and forests, and having no obstacles due to excessive daylight. VA in forests, forests or soil under trees
When the activity of mycorrhizal fungi was investigated, the following results were obtained.

[0011]

[Table 1]

Symbiosis rate: Using the collected soil, leek was cultivated at 25 ° C. for 16 hours during the day without fertilization for 28 days. After cultivation, it was washed with weak running water, and the whole roots were collected. After alkaline treatment of the roots and trypan blue staining, VA was applied by the grid intersection method.
Determine the symbiosis rate of mycorrhizal fungi. -: 0% ±: 0 to 2.5% +: 2.5 to 10% ++: 10 to 30% Water content: Moisture / Dry pH: Glass electrode method, 2.5-fold dilution with distilled water. EC: electrical conductivity. By the 1: 5 water leaching method. Available phosphoric acid: According to the triog method.

From the results shown in Table 1, the symbiosis rate is ± and the available phosphate concentration is low, and it can be said that the soil is apt to coexist with VA mycorrhizal fungi. The present invention can also be achieved by mixing VA bacteria and rhizobia from outside.

The present invention is applicable to plants such as strawberries, tomatoes,
Eggplant, peppers, cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon, melon and other fruits, lettuce, celery, parsley, asparagus,
Leafy vegetables such as ashitaba, green onion, leek, onion, sweet potato, potatoes such as root vegetables such as sweet potato, mountain potato, ginger, etc. , Apples, citrus, flower cut flowers such as pansies, salvia, marigolds, etc.
Peach, grape, ginkgo, camellia and other fruit trees, or can be adapted to various plants such as arbor, udon, tobacco, lawn, etc., is particularly suitable for plants of Apiaceae, Ginger, Taro, especially Apiaceae, Apiaceae, is most suitable. It is also a preferable method to cultivate plants of the Apiaceae, Ginger and Araceae families, and then cultivate other plants simultaneously.

A description will now be given of an ashitaba that is most suitable for implementing the present invention. Originally, Ashitaba is a vegetable native to Hachijojima, a tropical plant that prefers high temperature and humidity, but still grows only in the Izu Islands. Ashitaba is a plant that has long been used as an edible or folk medicine since the Edo period. Chalcone compounds (xanthoangelol and 4-hydroxyderricin) contained in Ashitaba have anti-cancer, anti-ulcer and anti-ulcer effects. There are various effects such as a thrombotic effect, an antibacterial effect, and an anti-AIDS effect. However, Ashitaba has the property of being dormant in the summer, and has a drawback that it is weak in cold weather and dies at temperatures below freezing.

A new variety "Senpo" developed by the present applicant
It grows vigorously in the summer, does not die even at a slight sub-zero temperature, and grows without hindrance, so it can be harvested year-round. And since the taste is softer and softer than conventional ashitaba, the taste is green and the stem is green, even if it is cooked or cooked, it does not turn black like red stem ashitaba, and thick stems can be eaten softly .

Sempou was cultivated in a small vinyl tunnel in February 1995 to harvest leaves by the native species Ashitaba, but the small tunnel was completely destroyed by snowfall, and one cultivated Ashitaba was cultivated. Except for frozen death. 199 seeds collected from this strain in the fall of 1995
After sowing and cultivating in the spring of 6th year, about 20% of the strains overwintered and appeared a cold-resistant ashitaba. This was named "Senpo" and applied for a variety registration on May 12, 1999 (Grade Registration Application No. 11734).

The characteristics of "Senpo" are as follows. The leaves are medium- and large-sized leaves with a vertical diamond shape and a length of 20 to 40 cm. The internodes are long in summer and short in winter. 2. The stem is green. 3. The grass is half-open and the grass is very active, especially in spring and autumn. 4. The flowers are pale yellow and whitish, flowering begins in May and lasts for a long time. 5. Fruiting will last from July to November. 6. It grows at temperatures below 5 ° C. 7. Leaf taste is less bitter. That is, as compared with the conventional Ashitaba, it has a feature that the stem is blue, has cold resistance, and has less bitterness.

In cultivating the product of the present invention, it is necessary to pay attention to the following points. 1. A place that is not shaded and does not dry out is preferable in a half-shade place. A mountain forest with sunbeams is suitable as such a place. In particular, a place where a lot of fallen leaves are intended and mulch is formed is preferable. 2. To harvest over a number of years, leave only a few leaves and pick new leaves and avoid strong light. 3. Seeds are less likely to germinate in June, when they become hot and humid, so they should be sown within about three months after seeding. "Sempou" can be used for tea, confectionery, ice cream, pickles, etc., in addition to tempura and ashashi. EXAMPLES Examples will be given to explain the present invention more specifically.

[0020]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (Example 1) Two ares cultivation of "Senpo" under a grove in a mountain forest. Plug seedlings were used. To prevent wind damage, a storm net was used to help the leaves grow. In the summer, shade or semi-shade was created under the grove to prevent the leaves from becoming hard.
The results are shown in FIGS. As is clear from the figure,
It can be seen that the fertilizer grows sufficiently even in soil under cold mountain forest without fertilization.

( Example 2) A growth test was carried out on early-grown mandarin oranges in a farm field in Kumamoto Prefecture. Table 2 shows the results.

[0022]

[Table 2]

As can be seen from Table 2, the concentration of phosphoric acid in the forest was about 20% better than that in the field, and as a result, the fruit weight was as little as four times that of the field, and the growth of the leaves was good. This is due to the fact that VA bacteria are not present in the fields, but are abundant in forests. Also,
At the same time, the rehydration was stopped and the effect of the lack of water was investigated.
Table 3 shows the results.

[0024]

[Table 3]

From Table 3, it can be seen that hydration was stopped.
The trees in the fields were heavily damaged, but the trees in the forest were growing well without hydration. This proves that the trees in the forest are growing due to the transport of distant moisture by the VA relay.

(Example 3) Table 4 shows the results of tests on green onions in a farmer's field in Ibaraki Prefecture.

[0027]

[Table 4]

Assuming that the value in the field is 100, in the forest, the nitrogen absorption, the phosphate absorption, and the potassium absorption are all 10
0 or more, so the yield in the forest is 45% higher than in the field
Was increased.

(Example 4) About taro, Ibaraki Prefecture
Seed potatoes were planted in the Nippon Agricultural Research Field, and the test results are shown in Table 5.

[0030]

[Table 5]

In a mountain forest, the grass is generally smaller (lighter weight per plant) than the field, but the potato portion is about 2.5 times as large as the field. That is, it is due to the influence of VA bacteria. FIG. 3 shows the cultivation status of the taro in a mountain forest.

(Example 5) Table 6 shows the results of a test on strawberries after raising the pot into a 12 cm pot.

[0033]

[Table 6]

Plants in mountain forests have a particularly large amount of absorption of phosphoric acid than plants in the field. This can be said to be the effect of VA bacteria.

(Example 6) Table 7 shows the results of a growth test conducted on a udon in a farmer's field in Tochigi Prefecture.

[0036]

[Table 7]

It was found that the growth in the forest was promoted.

(Example 7) Asparagus was sown in an 8 cm pot in a farmer's field in Miyagi Prefecture, and was planted 50 days later. The size of the seedling at the time of planting is 9.0 cm in height.
Met. Table 8 shows the results of the growth four months after the planting.

[0039]

[Table 8]

The plant height and stem diameter are larger in the forest,
Yields also increased about 50% in forests.

Example 8 Table 9 shows the results of tests performed on eggplants in the fields of farmers in Kochi Prefecture.

[0042]

[Table 9]

In the forest, the fresh weight per plant and the number per plant were larger than those in the field, and the root development was particularly good.

Example 9 Table 10 shows the results of tests on celery in a farm field in Aichi Prefecture. After sowing, the pot was raised in a 12 cm pot and planted (a glass room in the field and a temporary greenhouse in the forest).

[0045]

[Table 10] In the forest, the amount of phosphate absorbed was large and the yield increased.

(Example 10) Table 11 shows the results of a drying test on ginger at the Nippon Agricultural Research Institute in Ibaraki Prefecture.

[0047]

[Table 11]

The effect of drying was not observed in the forest, but the field was affected by drying. The forest was rehydrated by the action of VA bacteria. FIG. 4 shows the cultivation status of ginger in a mountain forest.

[0049]

Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, plants can be cultivated for a long time without fertilizer and without pesticides, without labor except for planting and harvesting, and can also serve to prevent desertification. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth state of Ashitaba under cold weather conditions (February 5).

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a whole view of a shibata in a cultivation area.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a whole view of a taro in a cultivation area.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a whole view of ginger in a cultivation area.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for cultivating a plant, comprising cultivating the plant in a soil where VA and rhizobia grow. 2. The soil on which VA bacteria and rhizobia grow are located under mountain forests, forests or trees.
Cultivation method of the plant according to 1. 3. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the plant is at least one of Apiaceae, Ginger, and Araceae.
Or the cultivation method of the plant according to 2. 4. The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1, wherein the plant is Ashitaba.