JP2002126698A - Garbage disposal equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garbage treatment equipment which makes the garbage in respective fermenters utilizable immediately as a fertilizer by successively putting the garbage into a full maturity state in which secondary fermentation is perfectly complete. SOLUTION: The steps of; supplying a prescribed amount of the garbage into a one fermenter 1A of the first fermenter 1A and the second fermenter 1A while controlling an agitating mechanism 11A and heater 31 of the one fermenter 1A in the state of mainly supplying hot air into the one fermenter 1A and mainly exhausting gas from the interior of the one fermenter 1; subjecting the garbage to primary fermentation to form an intermediate fermentation product; then subjecting the intermediate fermentation product to secondary fermentation while controlling the agitating mechanism 11A and heater 31A of the one fermenter 1A to form the fertilizer; and thereafter taking out the fertilizer from a discharge port 4A, are alternately carried out in the first fermenter 1A and the second fermenter 1B.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus for fermenting garbage into fertilizer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, refuse has been disposed of by incineration or burying. However, in recent years, the amount of garbage is large,
In addition to exceeding the incineration capacity, it is becoming difficult to secure landfills. So, in order to reduce garbage,
Waste is being reused. As part of the recycling of garbage, garbage is fermented into fertilizer using a garbage disposal device.

Here, an outline of the garbage disposal apparatus will be described. The garbage processing apparatus is generally used to perform primary fermentation while stirring garbage in a fermentation tank to produce an intermediate fermentation product, and then perform secondary fermentation while stirring the intermediate fermentation product at predetermined intervals to obtain garbage. Is made into fertilizer. When garbage is used as a fertilizer in this way, the garbage must be first fermented and then further fermented.
If fertilizer is manufactured in two fermenters, primary fermentation cannot be performed during secondary fermentation.

[0004] Therefore, in order to efficiently produce fertilizer from garbage, the garbage is first fermented in the first fermentation tank into an intermediate fermentation product, and then the intermediate fermentation product is transferred to the second fermentation tank to produce the secondary fermentation. A garbage disposal device for fermentation has been proposed. Such a garbage disposal apparatus is disclosed in, for example,
No. 62161.

[0005]

However, in the conventional garbage disposal apparatus, the transfer of the intermediate fermented product from the first fermenter to the second fermenter is carried out by overflowing. Since the garbage introduced into the first fermenter always moves to the second fermenter before the primary fermentation or as it is, the fertilizer which has completely completed the secondary fermentation cannot be obtained. In addition, when the garbage that has not been subjected to the secondary fermentation is used as a fertilizer, the secondary fermentation is performed in the soil, so that the pH value of the soil becomes 5 or less.
The plant may wither by becoming -6.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned inconveniences, and the garbage in each fermenter is sequentially turned into a mature state in which secondary fermentation is completely completed, so that the garbage can be immediately used as a fertilizer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a garbage disposal apparatus that can perform the processing.

[0007]

The garbage disposal apparatus according to the present invention comprises a first fermenter having a first stirring mechanism having stirring blades, and a first fermenter for supplying air into the first fermenter. An air supply passage, a first heater for heating the first fermenter,
A detachable first filter disposed at an exhaust port portion in the fermenter, a second fermenter having a second stirring mechanism having stirring blades, and a second fermenter for supplying air into the second fermenter. (2) an air supply path, a second heater for heating the second fermenter, a detachable second filter disposed at an exhaust port in the second fermenter, and one of the two exhaust ports is opened. An exhaust port selecting mechanism that closes the other of the exhaust ports while slightly opening the other, an exhaust mechanism that is connected to the exhaust port selecting mechanism, and that exhausts gas in the first fermenter and gas in the second fermenter; A deodorizing material disposed in an exhaust passage of the exhaust mechanism, and a heat exchanger for heating air supplied to the first air supply passage and the second air supply passage by using heat of gas flowing in the exhaust passage. Equipped, mainly supplying hot air into one of the first and second fermenters, and from one of the fermenters In the state where the waste is mainly exhausted, a predetermined amount of garbage is supplied into one fermenter while controlling the stirring mechanism and the heater of one fermenter, and the primary fermentation is performed to produce an intermediate fermented product. With the exhaust port selection mechanism opening the exhaust port of the other fermenter to supply mainly hot air into the other fermenter and exhausting gas mainly from the other fermenter, A predetermined amount of garbage is supplied into the other fermentation tank while controlling the stirring mechanism and the heater of the tank, and the primary fermentation is performed to produce an intermediate fermented product, and the intermediate fermentation is controlled while controlling the stirring mechanism and the heater of the one fermentation tank. The first step is to take out the fermented material from the outlet after secondary fermentation to produce fertilizer.
The fermentation and the second fermentation are performed alternately. In addition,
The exhaust port selection mechanism is configured to close the other exhaust port when one exhaust port is opened, and to open the exhaust port of the fermenter in which primary fermentation is being performed. ,
It may be driven so that the exhaust port of the fermenter in which the secondary fermentation is being performed is opened at predetermined intervals for a predetermined time. And, a first fermenter humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the first fermenter and a second fermenter humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the second fermenter are provided, and based on the output of the first fermenter humidity sensor. Controlling the first stirring mechanism, and controlling the second stirring mechanism based on the output of the second fermenter humidity sensor.
Downstream of the exhaust port selection mechanism, the first filter and the second filter are used as a removable filter disposed in the exhaust passage upstream of the deodorizing material, and further, the deodorizing material is made removable, Further, it is desirable that the deodorizing material be constituted by a catalyst heater and a catalyst disposed downstream of the catalyst heater, and the catalyst heater or the catalyst be disposed upstream of the heat exchanger.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of a garbage processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of a garbage processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a right side view of the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG. In FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the illustration of the control operation unit is omitted, and a part is cut away to make the exhaust port selection mechanism and the deodorizing material easy to see.

In these figures, reference numeral 1A denotes a first fermenter, in which an inlet 2A is provided at the front of the upper surface, an exhaust 3A is provided at the rear of the upper, and an outlet 4A is provided at the lower of the front. Is provided. An inlet cover 5A capable of opening and closing the inlet 2A is attached, a removable box-shaped exhaust cover 6A for closing the exhaust port 3A is attached, and an outlet cover 7A capable of opening and closing the outlet 4A is attached. I have.

[0010] The first fermenter 1A is provided with a first fermenter 1A.
FIG. 6 shows a stirring mechanism, and a shaft 12A rotatably disposed in a first fermenter 1A in a horizontal state;
A plurality of agitating blades 13A attached to the first fermenter 1A, a sprocket 14A attached to a portion of the shaft 12A protruding to the rear side of the first fermenter 1A, a motor 15A disposed outside the first fermenter 1A, It comprises a sprocket 16A attached to the shaft of the motor 15A, and a chain 17A stretched over both sprockets 14A, 16A.

Reference numeral 21A denotes a cylindrical first air supply passage for supplying air (oxygen) into the first fermenter 1A.
Reference numeral 31A denotes a first heater disposed outside the first fermenter 1A, for example, a plate heater for heating the first fermenter 1A. 41A indicates a first filter, and a first filter
The exhaust port 3A in the fermenter 1A, that is, the box-shaped exhaust port lid 6A is detachably provided to collect dust.

Reference numeral 1B denotes a second fermenter, in which an inlet 2B is provided on the front side of the upper surface, an exhaust port 3B is provided on the rear side of the upper surface, and an outlet 4B is provided on the lower side of the front surface. An inlet cover 5B that can open and close the inlet 2B is attached, a removable box-shaped exhaust cover 6B that closes the outlet 3B is attached, and an outlet cover 7B that can open and close the outlet 4B is attached. I have.

[0013] The first fermenter 11B is provided with a first fermenter 1B.
FIG. 6 shows a stirring mechanism, and a shaft 12B rotatably disposed in a horizontal state in a second fermenter 1B;
A plurality of stirring blades 13B attached to the second fermenter 1B, a sprocket 14B attached to a portion of the shaft 12B protruding to the rear side of the second fermenter 1B, and a motor 15B disposed outside the second fermenter 1B. The motor 15B includes a sprocket 16B attached to a shaft of the motor 15B, and a chain 17B stretched between the two sprockets 14B, 16B.

Reference numeral 21B denotes a cylindrical second air supply passage for supplying air (oxygen) into the second fermenter 1B.
Reference numeral 31B denotes a second heater disposed outside the second fermenter 1B, for example, a plate heater for heating the second fermenter 1B. 41B denotes a second filter, and a second filter
An exhaust port 3B in the fermenter 1B, that is, a box-shaped exhaust port lid 6B, which is detachably disposed to collect dust.

Reference numeral 51 denotes an exhaust port selection mechanism, which extends over the rear side of the upper surface of the first fermentation tank 1A and the second fermentation tank 1B, and is disposed so as to communicate with the exhaust port lids 6A and 6B. Mouth 3A,
One of the 3Bs, for example, the exhaust port 3A is opened, and the other exhaust port 3B is closed with a slightly opened state, or the exhaust port 3A is closed with a slightly opened state, and the exhaust port 3B is opened.
It has a three-way valve function. Reference numeral 61 denotes an exhaust mechanism. The exhaust mechanism includes a cylindrical exhaust passage 62 having one end connected to the discharge (discharge) side of the exhaust port selection mechanism 51, and a blower 63 connected to the other end of the exhaust passage 62. I have.

Reference numeral 71 denotes a deodorizing material, and a catalyst heater 72.
And a catalyst 73 disposed downstream of the catalyst heater 72 and heated to a predetermined temperature by the catalyst heater 72. The catalyst 73 is detachably provided in the exhaust passage 62. In addition,
A platinum oxidation catalyst is used as the catalyst 73. The catalyst 73 is heated to, for example, 230 ° C. by a catalyst heater 72. 8
Reference numeral 1 denotes a heat exchanger, which is configured using an exhaust passage 62 downstream of the deodorizing material 71, and uses first and second air supply passages 21A and 21 using heat of gas flowing in the exhaust passage 62.
It heats the air supplied to B.

Reference numeral 91A denotes a first fermenter temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the first fermenter 1A, and 91B denotes a second fermenter temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the second fermenter 1B. 92A is the first
First humidity sensor 92B for detecting humidity in fermenter 1A, 92B
Denotes a second humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the second fermenter 1B, and absolute humidity sensors are used as the humidity sensors 92A and 92B. 93A indicates a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the catalyst heater 72, and 93B indicates a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the catalyst 73. Reference numeral 94 denotes an operation control unit, which includes an operation unit provided with various operation buttons and the like, operation outputs of operation buttons of the operation unit, and temperature sensors 91A and 91A.
B, 93A, 93B, humidity sensors 92A, 92
The control unit controls each unit based on the output of B, and a display unit that displays various data such as which unit is operating, the temperature in the tank, and primary fermentation or secondary fermentation.

The capacity of the first and second fermenters 1A and 1B is 400 liters (liters), and up to 300 kg of garbage can be sequentially charged.
0% (weight ratio) of rice bran and 5% (weight ratio) of soil improving material (bacterial bed) based on garbage, for example, VS34 (trade name, manufactured by VS Kaiko Co., Ltd.) Or the entire amount is charged in advance. In addition, the first and second stirring mechanisms 11A and 11B are used for primary fermentation.
When the humidity at which dust tends to be generated, for example, less than 80%, is stopped, and the secondary fermentation is operated once a day for 10 minutes.

Then, the first or second heater 31A, 31
1B is turned on at, for example, 35 ° C. and turned off at 40 ° C. at the time of primary fermentation,
Turned on at 30 ° C and turned off at 30 ° C. But,
Since the secondary fermentation is completed in 7 to 8 days, the first and second fermentation
The heaters 31A and 31B are turned off after the secondary fermentation is completed. In addition, at the time of primary fermentation,
2,000 liters per minute for secondary fermentation
The air is exhausted at 00l.

Next, the operation will be described. First, rice bran and soil improving material corresponding to 300 kg of garbage are introduced into the fermenter for primary fermentation, for example, the first fermenter 1A, from the input port 2A by opening the input cover 5A and the operation control unit 94 is operated. When the start button is operated to start the operation and the setting button is operated to set the first fermenter 1A to the primary fermentation, the operation control unit 94 operates the first stirring mechanism 11A and operates the first heater 31A. The inside of the first fermenter 1A is maintained at a temperature at which microorganisms can easily be activated, the exhaust port selection mechanism 51 is operated so as to mainly exhaust air from the first fermenter 1A, the blower 63 is operated to exhaust air, and the catalyst heater is used. Power is supplied to 72 to activate the deodorizing material 71.

When the exhaust mechanism 61 is operated as described above,
When the pressure inside the first and second fermenters 1A and 1B becomes negative, the air heated by the heat exchanger 81 becomes first and second.
First or second air supply passage 21 into fermenters 1A, 1B
A and 21B. In this state, the charging palate 5
When A is opened and garbage is sequentially introduced from the inlet 2A, the garbage is stirred by the stirring blades 13A, mixed with rice bran and soil improving material, and subjected to primary fermentation while adjusting the water content.

The steam, dust, and odorous gas generated when the raw garbage undergoes primary fermentation are exhausted and exhausted by the exhaust mechanism 61. The dust is collected by the first filter 41A, and the odor component is removed by the catalyst 73. As a result, no dust is emitted and no odor is emitted from the exhaust gas.

In this manner, 300 kg of garbage is put into the first fermentation tank 1A, for example, for two weeks (14 days), and is subjected to primary fermentation to produce an intermediate fermentation product, and then into the second fermentation tank 1B. The rice bran and the soil improving material corresponding to 300 kg of garbage are charged from the charging port 2B by opening the charging cover 5B,
By operating the setting button of the operation control unit 94, the first fermenter 1A is set to the secondary fermentation, and the second fermenter 1B is set to the primary fermentation. With this setting, the operation control unit 94
Operates the second stirring mechanism 11B, and the second heater 31B
Is also operated to maintain the inside of the second fermenter 1B at a temperature at which microorganisms can easily be activated, and the exhaust port selection mechanism 51 is operated so as to exhaust mainly from the second fermenter 1B.

In this state, when the charging lid 5B is opened and raw garbage is sequentially input, the raw garbage is stirred by the stirring blades 13B, mixed with rice bran and soil improving material, and subjected to primary fermentation while adjusting the water content. On the other hand, secondary fermentation is performed in the first fermenter 1A. Then, 300 kg of garbage is put into the second fermentation tank 1B, for example, for two weeks (14 days) to perform primary fermentation to produce an intermediate fermented product, and then, by operating the setting button of the operation control unit 94, the first button is operated. When the operation mode is set to the discharge mode for discharging the fertilizer in the fermenter 1A, the operation control unit 94 operates the first stirring mechanism 11A to discharge the fertilizer from the discharge port 4A. The fertilizer in the fermenter 1A can be taken out.

Thereafter, when the first fermenter 1A is in primary fermentation, the second fermenter 1B is in secondary fermentation, and when the first fermenter 1A is in secondary fermentation, the second fermenter 1B is in primary fermentation. By alternately switching the modes as described above, the garbage can be fermented into fertilizer sequentially.

As described above, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the primary fermentation tank 1A and the second fermentation tank 1B alternately perform the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation, and move the intermediate fermented product. Without performing the first fermentation, the second fermentation is performed after the first fermentation in the first and second fermenters 1A and 1B.
In addition, the garbage in the second fermenters 1A and 1B can be sequentially brought into a mature state in which the secondary fermentation is completed, and can be used immediately as a fertilizer.

The first filter 41A is connected to the first fermenter 1
Since the first and second filters 41A and 41B are disposed at the exhaust port 3A of the A and the exhaust port 3B of the second fermenter 1B at the exhaust port 3A of the second fermenter 1B, that is, the first filter and the second filter 41B are disposed at the upstream part of other equipment. It is no longer supplied to other devices, and the failure of other devices due to dust can be prevented. Since the first and second filters 41A and 41B are made detachable, the first and second filters 41A and 41B can be revived by removing and washing them, thereby preventing clogging.

Further, since the deodorizing material 71 is detachable, maintenance and inspection of the deodorizing material 71 can be easily performed. Further, since the air supplied into the first and second fermenters 1A and 1B is heated by the heat exchanger 81 utilizing the fermentation heat and the heat of the catalyst heater 72, the first and second fermenters 1A and 1B are efficiently used with little power consumption. The air supplied into the fermenters 1A and 1B can be warmed to promote primary fermentation. Since the catalyst heater 72 is disposed upstream of the heat exchanger 81, the air supplied to the first and second fermenters 1A and 1B is efficiently heated by utilizing the heat of the catalyst heater 72, Primary fermentation can be promoted.

Further, since the catalyst 73 is disposed upstream of the heat exchanger 81, the heat of the catalyst heater 72 acts on the catalyst 73 without being deprived by the heat exchange, so that unnecessary power is not consumed. Will be done. Furthermore, the first
Since the first stirring mechanism 11A is controlled by the output of the fermenter humidity sensor 92A and the second stirring mechanism 11B is controlled by the output of the second fermentation tank humidity sensor 92B, the humidity is reduced and dust is easily generated. In the state, the first or second stirring mechanism 11A, 11B can be stopped.
In addition, the cleaning interval of the second filters 41A and 41B can be lengthened, and maintenance becomes easy.

In the above embodiment, the first filter 41
A is disposed corresponding to the first fermenter 1A, and the second filter 41B is disposed corresponding to the second fermenter 1A. However, one filter is removably disposed in the exhaust passage 62, By using both the first filter 41A and the second filter 41B, it is possible to reduce the number of parts and the number of maintenance / inspection points. Also, the exhaust port selection mechanism 5
1 is configured such that one exhaust port is opened and the other exhaust port is closed with a slight opening, but when one exhaust port is opened, the other exhaust port is closed,
In a state where the exhaust port of the fermenter in which the primary fermentation is performed is opened and exhausted at a rate of 500 l to 1000 l per minute, the exhaust port of the fermenter in which the secondary fermentation is performed is set every 20 minutes. The same effect can be obtained by opening the air for 3 minutes so that the air is exhausted at a rate of 500 l to 1000 l per minute. Further, the deodorizing material 71 uses the catalyst 73.
For example, a deodorant, activated carbon, or the like may be used.

[0031]

As described above, according to the present invention, the first
The primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation are alternately performed in the fermenter and the second fermenter, and the first fermentation is performed without moving the intermediate fermentation product.
And the secondary fermentation is performed continuously after the primary fermentation in the second fermentation tank, so that the garbage in the first and second fermentation tanks can be successively brought to a fully matured state in which the secondary fermentation is completed. , Can be used immediately as fertilizer.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a garbage processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the garbage processing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a right side view of the garbage processing apparatus shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1A First fermenter 1B Second fermenter 2A, 2B Input port 3A, 3B Exhaust port 4A, 4B Discharge port 5A, 5B Input cap 6A, 6B Exhaust cap 7A, 7B Discharge cap 11A First stirring mechanism 11B Second stirring mechanism 12A, 12B Shaft 13A, 13B Stirring blade 14A, 14B Sprocket 15A, 15B Motor 16A, 16B Sprocket 17A, 17B Chain 21A First air supply path 21B Second air supply path 31A First heater 31B Second heater 41A First filter 41B Second filter 51 Exhaust port selection mechanism 61 Exhaust mechanism 62 Exhaust passage 63 Blower 71 Deodorant 72 Catalyst heater 73 Catalyst 81 Heat exchanger 91A First fermenter temperature sensor 91B Second fermenter temperature sensor 92A First fermenter humidity sensor 92B Humidity sensor for second fermenter 93A First temperature sensor 93B second temperature sensor 94 operation control unit

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Naoji Sunaga 1310 Kawasaki-cho, Ashikaga-city, Tochigi Pref. CC02 CC08 DA01 DA02 DA06 DA08 DA13 4G037 CA01 CA11 CA18 EA03 4G078 AA01 AA22 AB20 BA01 CA02 DA01 EA03 4H061 AA03 CC47 CC55 EE66 FF06 GG10 GG14 GG18 GG43 GG48 GG68 GG69 GG70

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A first fermenter having a first stirring mechanism having stirring blades, a first air supply passage for supplying air into the first fermenter, and a first fermenter for heating the first fermenter. A first heater, a detachable first filter disposed at an exhaust port in the first fermenter, a second fermenter having a second stirring mechanism having stirring blades, and a second fermenter. A second air supply passage for supplying air into the second fermenter, a second heater for heating the second fermenter, a detachable second filter disposed at an exhaust port in the second fermenter, An exhaust port selecting mechanism that opens one of the two exhaust ports and closes the other of the two exhaust ports with the other being slightly opened; connected to the exhaust port selecting mechanism, the gas in the first fermenter and the second An exhaust mechanism for exhausting gas in the fermenter, and a deodorizing material disposed in an exhaust passage of the exhaust mechanism A heat exchanger that heats air supplied to the first air supply path and the second air supply path using heat of a gas flowing in the exhaust passage; the first fermenter and the second fermenter; While supplying hot air mainly into one fermenter with the fermenter and exhausting gas mainly from inside the one fermenter, while controlling the stirring mechanism and heater of the one fermenter After supplying a predetermined amount of garbage into the one fermenter and performing primary fermentation into an intermediate fermented product,
Mainly supplying warm air into the other fermentation tank by opening the exhaust port of the other fermentation tank by the exhaust port selection mechanism,
In a state where gas is mainly exhausted from inside the other fermenter, a predetermined amount of garbage is supplied into the other fermenter while controlling the stirring mechanism and the heater of the other fermenter,
The first fermentation comprising: performing primary fermentation to produce an intermediate fermentation product, and performing secondary fermentation of the intermediate fermentation product into a fertilizer while controlling a stirring mechanism and a heater of the one fermentation tank, and then removing the fermentation product from an outlet. A garbage disposal apparatus, wherein the processing is performed alternately in a tank and the second fermentation tank. 2. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust port selecting mechanism is configured to close the other exhaust port when the one exhaust port is opened, and In a state where the exhaust port of the fermenter in which fermentation is being performed is opened, the secondary fermentation is driven to open the exhaust port of the fermenter in which the fermentation is being performed at predetermined intervals for a certain period of time. A garbage disposal device characterized by the following. 3. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a first fermenter humidity sensor for detecting humidity in the first fermenter, and a humidity in the second fermenter are detected. A second fermenter humidity sensor that controls the first stirring mechanism based on the output of the first fermenter humidity sensor, and controls the second stirring mechanism based on the output of the second fermenter humidity sensor. A garbage disposal device, characterized by controlling. 4. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the garbage disposal apparatus is disposed in the exhaust passage downstream of the exhaust port selection mechanism and upstream of the deodorizing material. A garbage disposal apparatus, wherein the detachable filter is used as the first filter and the second filter. 5. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deodorizing material is detachably provided. 6. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deodorizing material comprises a catalyst heater and a catalyst disposed downstream of the catalyst heater. The garbage disposal apparatus, wherein the catalyst heater is disposed upstream of the heat exchanger. 7. The garbage disposal device according to claim 6, wherein the catalyst is disposed upstream of the heat exchanger.
A garbage disposal device characterized by the following.