JP2002060291A - Method for suppressing ammonia generation in composting process - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of suppressing the generation of malodors by ammonia and amines, more particularly the generation of the ammonia in composting process at a low cost without exerting an adverse influence on microorganisms contributing to decomposition. SOLUTION: Compost raw materials are subjected to composting by mixing the intermediately treated compost of the process of performing the composting treatment by mixing a polymer material, for example, polycaprolactone which forms an organic acid by decomposition during the course of composting with the compost raw materials.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in a composting process. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of adding a compost or a compost raw material to a polymer substance which generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process. The present invention relates to a method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting step of mixing and composting intermediate treatment compost in the process of composting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, human waste and the like have been decomposed by microorganisms, but odors such as ammonia and amines are generated during the treatment, which is a problem in the treatment plant. For this reason, the addition of an adsorbent, an absorbent and the like is being studied. However,
When they are added, there is a problem that microorganisms contributing to the decomposition are affected or the cost is increased.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to suppress the generation of odors due to ammonia or amines during the composting process, particularly the generation of ammonia, at a low cost without adversely affecting microorganisms contributing to decomposition. Is to provide a way.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors evaluated the degradability of a biodegradable resin such as polycaprolactone (PCL) in the composting process,
When a biodegradable resin such as CL was added, the amount of ammonia generated during the composting process was smaller than in the experiment in which no biodegradable resin was added. I found it empirically. One of the reasons for this is probably that an organic acid having a certain structure, which is a decomposition intermediate of PCL, is generated in the course of decomposition to neutralize ammonia generated in the composting step. If biodegradable resins such as PCL, polylactic acid, and aliphatic polyesters derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids and aliphatic diols can utilize the property of "neutralize ammonia", these biodegradable resins will It is not only a plastic that is easily degraded by microorganisms, but also has the property of reducing ammonia.It is one of the means to solve the problem of odor that has hindered the spread of composting. It was thought that it could be. Accordingly, as a result of intensive studies on the reduction of ammonia in the composting process by positively utilizing the property of "neutralizing ammonia", it was found that such a problem could be solved, and the present invention was completed. Was.

That is, a first aspect of the present invention is an intermediate treatment in a composting process in which a compost raw material (R) and a polymer substance (P) which generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process are mixed with the compost raw material. Compost (IC)
And a method for suppressing ammonia generation in the composting process, characterized by mixing and composting.
A second aspect of the present invention is that the weight ratio of (R) to (IC) is 10:
90 to 90:10 (however, the sum of the weight ratios of (R) and (IC) is 100). provide. A third aspect of the present invention is a compost raw material (R), a polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition in a composting process, and a polymer substance that generates an organic acid by decomposition in a composting process in a compost raw material ( P)
And an intermediate treatment compost (IC) in the process of mixing and composting, and performing a composting process. A fourth aspect of the present invention is that (R) vs. ((P) + (I
C)) is 10:90 to 90:10 (however,
The sum of the weight ratio of (R) and ((P) + (IC)) is 100
It is. ), And the weight ratio of (P) :( IC) is 0:
The method for suppressing ammonia generation in the composting process according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the ratio is 100 to 80:20 (however, the sum of the weight ratios of (P) and (IC) is 100). provide. A fifth aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the carbon conversion of the mixed intermediate compost (IC) is 20% or more of the value before the start of the intermediate treatment. A method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in a composting process is provided. A sixth aspect of the present invention is the composting method according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, wherein the compost raw material is human waste sludge, sludge, garbage, food, feed, fertilizer, or a mixture thereof. A method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in a process is provided. A seventh aspect of the present invention is the compost according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process is a biodegradable resin. The present invention provides a method for suppressing the generation of ammonia during the formation process. According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the composting process according to the seventh aspect, the biodegradable resin is an aliphatic polyester, an aliphatic polyamide, an aliphatic polyesteramide, polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture thereof. A method for suppressing ammonia generation is provided. In a ninth aspect of the present invention, the aliphatic polyester comprises (i) a hydroxycarboxylic acid, (ii) a lactone, (iii) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic diol, and a mixture of (i) to (iii). The method for suppressing ammonia generation in the composting process according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, which is an aliphatic polyester obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing one or more monomers for an aliphatic polyester selected from the group. I will provide a. According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, (i) the hydroxycarboxylic acid is lactic acid, glycolic acid, lactide, glycolide, or a mixture thereof.
The present invention provides a method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process described in (1). An eleventh aspect of the present invention is that (ii) the lactone is ε
-Caprolactone, 4-methylcaprolactone, 3,
A ninth aspect of the present invention, which is 5,5-trimethylcaprolactone, 3,3,5-trimethylcaprolactone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, enantholactone, or a mixture thereof. The present invention provides a method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process described in (1). In the twelfth aspect of the present invention, (iii) the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is succinic acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, or a mixture thereof, and the aliphatic diol is ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, or a mixture thereof. The present invention provides a method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in a composting process according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, which is a mixture of the above. According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method for suppressing ammonia generation in the composting process according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects of the present invention, further comprising adding a microorganism material. According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects of the present invention, further comprising adding a gas permeability improving material. A fifteenth aspect of the present invention is directed to the first to fourteenth aspects of the present invention, wherein the polymer substance that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process is waste of a resin processed product made of a biodegradable resin. A method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process according to any one of the above. First of the present invention
6. The composting process according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, wherein the processed resin product is an agricultural multi-film, a garbage bag, a draining net, a foam, a container, a pile, a net, or a mixture thereof. A method for suppressing ammonia generation is provided. The present invention also discloses the following inventions. A method for suppressing ammonia generation in a composting process, comprising adding, to compost or a compost raw material, a polymer substance that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process. The weight ratio of (compost or compost raw material) to (polymeric substance that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process) is 10:
The method for suppressing ammonia generation in the composting process as described above, wherein the ratio is 90 to 90:10.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The compost (C) and compost raw material (R) used in the present invention include human waste, sludge, garbage, food, feed, animal fertilizer, plant fertilizer, and the like.
And mixtures thereof. Examples of the night soil include urine of humans and animals, feces, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of the sludge include human waste treatment sludge, household wastewater sludge, activated sludge for wastewater treatment in various factories, and the like. Raw garbage includes fish and shellfish, livestock meat, eggs, cereals, vegetables and fruits, plants and plants, water and seaweeds, and various other items that are discarded from households, canteens, food manufacturing and processing industries, etc. Examples include animals, plants, microbial garbage, and mixtures thereof, such as processing and fermentation residues. Since they contain nitrogen, they generate ammonia or amines whose structure is unknown but cause odor during the composting process.

[0007] In the present invention, the polymer substance which generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process is a biodegradable resin. Organic acids generated by decomposition in the composting process include carboxylic acids and hydroxy acids. The carboxylic acid may be a monocarboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, or an acidic amino acid. The generation of the organic acid by the decomposition of the polymer during the composting process is performed gradually, that is, the supply of the organic acid is performed gradually from the polymer. The biodegradable resin, for example, aliphatic polyester, aliphatic polyamide, aliphatic polyester amide,
Polyvinyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.
As the polyvinyl alcohol, those having various molecular weights, saponification degrees and stereoregularities can be used. The aliphatic polyester is selected from the group consisting of (i) hydroxycarboxylic acids, (ii) lactones, (iii) aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols, and a mixture of (i) to (iii). An aliphatic polyester obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing the above-mentioned monomer for aliphatic polyester.

The above (i) hydroxycarboxylic acids include lactic acid, glycolic acid, lactide, glycolide, and mixtures thereof. (Ii) The lactones include ε-caprolactone, 4-methylcaprolactone, 3,5,5-trimethylcaprolactone, 3,3
Examples include 5-trimethylcaprolactone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, enantholactone, or a mixture thereof. In the above (iii), examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid include succinic acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid and a mixture thereof, and examples of the aliphatic diol include ethylene glycol,
4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, or a mixture thereof. These biodegradable resins include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, a copolymer of these original monomers, or a mixture thereof; polycaprolactone, poly β-propiolactone, polyγ-butyrolactone, polyδ-valero. Lactones, copolymers of these original monomers, or mixtures thereof; poly (succinic acid-ethylene glycol), poly (succinic acid-1,4-butanediol), poly (oxalic acid-1,4-butanediol) ,
Poly (oxalic acid-ethylene glycol), poly (oxalic acid-neopentyl glycol), poly (adipic acid-ethylene glycol), poly (adipic acid-1,4-butanediol); or a small amount of urethane bond of these biodegradable resins. And the like. In addition, polylactic acid, etc.
L-form, D-form and D of optical isomers
Since there is a / L- form, a polymer corresponding to each exists, but any of them can be used. As the polyamide, both those obtained by ring-opening polymerization and those obtained by polycondensation can be used. Polyamides obtained by ring-opening polymerization include 2-pyrrolidone, ε-caprolactam, ω-
Examples of ring-opening polymers such as laurolactam and polyamides by polycondensation include polycondensates of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, and hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid and 11-aminoundecanoic acid. Also, these copolymers and mixtures can be used. Examples of the polyester amide include a ring-opening polymer of a cyclic ester amide, a ring-opening copolymer of a cyclic ester and a cyclic amide, a condensation polymer, and a polymer obtained by transesterification between an aliphatic polyester and a polyamide. Can be used. Examples of ring-opening polymers of cyclic ester amides include morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives and L-lactide, morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives and ε
-Copolymers with caprolactone or mixtures thereof;
There are copolymers containing both glycine and glycolic acid units alternately, L-lactic acid, copolymers containing both L-aspartic acid and glycolic acid units alternately, and mixtures thereof. Examples of the ring-opening copolymer of a cyclic ester and a cyclic amide include ε-caprolactam, ω-laurolactam, a copolymer of a cyclic ester of 2-pyrrolidone and ε-caprolactone, a cyclic amide of δ-valerolactone, or a copolymer thereof. There is a mixture of Examples of the condensation polymer include a dehydrated condensate of a dimer obtained by the reaction of ε-hydroxycaproic acid and methyl ε-aminocaproate, and a terminal acid chloride obtained by reacting a dicarboxylic acid chloride with α, ω-diol. And a condensate obtained by sequentially reacting a terminal hydroxyl group L-lactide oligomer with sebacoyl chloride, 1,6-hexanediamine, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the polymer obtained by transesterification between an aliphatic polyester and a polyamide are polyε-caprolactone and nylon 6,1.
Examples thereof include transesterification products with various nylons such as 1, 12, 46, 66, and 612, and mixtures thereof. Further, as the polylactone used in the present invention,
Various copolymers having lactone as a main structural unit, for example, a copolymer of lactic acid or glycolic acid, a copolymer of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and aliphatic diol may be used,
In these copolymers, the lactone content is preferably 50% or more.

The molecular weight of the biodegradable resin is not particularly limited, but the number average molecular weight Mn is preferably at least 500, more preferably at least 1,000, particularly preferably at least 5,000. If the molecular weight is smaller than the above range, some contrivance is required for use. For example, low molecular weight PCL with Mn of several thousand or less clumps together and reduces the effect of addition, and PCL oligomers with Mn of 1,000 or less (for example, PCL305 manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are highly viscous liquids. As a result, the material becomes a lump with sawdust or the like which is a breathability improving agent. Therefore, the circulation of air in the compost may be prevented, and the progress of composting may be slowed or interrupted. Therefore, it is necessary to use a material that has been previously impregnated and dispersed in sawdust or the like, or to devise a stirring method or the like.

In the present invention, compost is mixed with a compost raw material and a polymer substance that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process and / or a polymer substance that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process. The reason for mixing and using the intermediate treatment compost in the process of the chemical treatment is that the polymer substance gradually generates an organic acid in the course of decomposition, so that the effect is maintained for a long time without a sudden drop in pH. It is. When a low molecular weight organic acid is added from the beginning of the composting process, the effect is a short-term effect, a long-term effect is not continued, and many organic acids are required to obtain a long-term effect. It is necessary to add it at an early stage, so that the pH of the treatment system may be too low, and the activity of the cells may be impaired or completely lost. Therefore, according to the method of the present invention for composting by mixing and polymerizing a polymer substance that slowly releases an organic acid by decomposition during the composting process, the low-molecular-weight organic acid is removed from the beginning of the composting process. Compared to adding
Composting can be performed safely, effectively and economically. However, compost or compost raw materials contain low molecular organic acids from the beginning,
The charging of the organic acid as an auxiliary raw material as it is, or after appropriately diluting it, and further dividing or continuously charging it in small amounts can be performed as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

The biodegradable resin may be a powder, a pellet, a resin processed product (molded product), a resin processed product discarded after use, or a crushed product thereof. Examples of the resin processed product include agricultural multi-films, trash bags, drainage nets, foams, containers, piles, nets, and mixtures thereof.

The inventor of the present invention discloses a method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process by adding a polymer substance (P) which generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process to the compost or compost raw material (R). It has been found that the weight ratio of (compost or compost raw material (R)) to (polymeric substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process) is from 10:90 to 90:10.

In the present invention, the compost raw material (R) and the intermediate compost (IC) are mixed and composted. The intermediate treatment compost (IC) is obtained in a process of composting by mixing a compost (C) or a compost raw material (R) with a polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process. In the mixed intermediate compost (IC), the decomposition rate of the biodegradable resin is preferably 10% or more, 90% or less, more preferably 10% or more, 50% with respect to the value before the start of the intermediate treatment.
It is as follows. If the decomposition rate of the biodegradable resin is outside the above range (less than 10%, more than 90%), the amount of the substance (organic acid) that suppresses the generation of free ammonia is not sufficient, and The generation of ammonia is not sufficiently suppressed. The weight ratio of (R) to (IC) is 10:90 to 90:10, preferably 50:50.
８０80: 20 (however, the sum of the weight ratios of (R) and (IC) is 100). Intermediate processing compost (I
If the mixing ratio of C) is smaller than the above range, the effect of suppressing the generation of ammonia is weakened, and if it is larger than the above range, it is not economical but does not hinder composting.

In the present invention, the compost raw material (R), the polymer substance (P), and the intermediate treated compost (I)
C) can be mixed and subjected to a composting treatment. The weight ratio of the above (R) to ((P) + (IC)) is 1
0: 90-90: 10, preferably 50: 50-8
0:20 (however, the sum of the weight ratios of (R) and ((P) + (IC)) is 100), and (P) :( IC)
Is 0: 100 to 80:20, preferably 0: 100.
100 to 50:50 (however, the sum of the weight ratios of (P) and (IC) is 100). If the mixing ratio of the polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process is larger than the above range, the effect of suppressing the generation of ammonia is reduced.

To a mixture of compost or compost raw material (R), intermediate treatment compost (IC), and a polymer substance (P) which may be added, a seed microorganism is added as a microbial material (B) to promote decomposition. Is preferred.
The mixing weight ratio of the compost or the compost raw material (R) and the microbial material (B) is such that the microbial material (B) such as an inoculum is 40 parts by weight or less, preferably 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the compost or the compost raw material (R). Parts by weight or less, and preferably 20 parts by weight or more. There is no particular problem if the mixing ratio of the microbial material is larger than the above range,
It is not economical, and if it is smaller than the above range, the decomposition rate will be slow and the effect will be small.

It is preferable to add sawdust and the like as a gas permeability improving material to the mixture of compost or compost raw material (R), intermediate treatment compost (IC), and a polymer substance (P) which may be added. The mixing weight ratio of the compost or the compost raw material and the air permeability improving material is such that the air permeability improving material is 100 to 500 parts by weight, preferably 200 to 4 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the compost or the compost raw material.
00 parts by weight, particularly preferably 250 to 300 parts by weight. If the mixing ratio of the air permeability improving material is larger than the above range, there is no problem in decomposition, but it is not economical, and if it is smaller than the above range, the decomposition speed becomes slow and the effect becomes small.

When composting is carried out by mixing the compost raw material (R) and the intermediate treatment compost (IC),
It is preferable to add a microbial material (B) or a gas permeability improving material (S) for promoting the decomposition, and it is preferable to add the microbial material (B) every time to adjust the content to fall within the above range.

[0018]

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The polycaprolactone (PCL) used below is PCL H7 (number average molecular weight Mn ≒ 70,000) manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. [Reference Example 1 and Reference Comparative Example 1] Experimental Method As human waste sludge, one generated at a human waste treatment plant in H city (water content: 83%) was used. As a mixture for composting, a mixture of sawdust as an air permeability improving material, inoculum as a commercially available microbial material, and PCL in a dry weight ratio of 5: 14: 1: 7, respectively, was used for night soil sludge ( Reference Example 1). Also, for comparison, night soil sludge, sawdust, as a mixture for composting in an experiment in which PCL was not added,
And a mixture in which the dry weight ratio of the inoculum was 5: 14: 1 was used (Reference Comparative Example 1). FIG. 1 schematically shows the experimental apparatus. The mixture of Reference Example 1 (or Reference Comparative Example 1) was placed on a stainless steel net 5 in a mini reactor 6 made of Pyrex glass, placed in an incubator 8, and air was supplied through a flow meter 1 to compost. The exhaust gas from the mini-reactor 6 is collected in a Tedlar bag (trade name) 7 which is a fluorine resin gas collecting bag, and the concentrations of carbon dioxide and ammonia in the collected exhaust gas are determined by the Kitagawa method. Quantify using a gas detector (not shown). Further, the volume of the collected exhaust gas is measured using an integrating flow meter (not shown). The initial pH and water content of the compost material are around 7.2 and 60%, respectively.
And adjust the composting mixture 12 g to a volume of 80 ml.
Was placed in the incubator 8 and heated from room temperature to a set temperature of 60 ° C. at a predetermined heating rate, and then composted at a constant temperature of 60 ° C. for 6 days. 12 including the quantitative value of carbon dioxide concentration
The amount of carbon dioxide generated per hour was calculated, and the rate of carbon change corresponding to the degree of decomposition of organic matter was determined from the ratio to the total carbon content contained in the night soil sludge. For ammonia, the nitrogen change rate was determined in the same manner. In addition, the measurement of the decomposition rate of PCL was quantified by subtracting the total amount of generated carbon dioxide in the presence or absence of PCL.

REFERENCE COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 For comparison, as a mixture in the experiment without the addition of human waste sludge, the dry weight ratios of sawdust, inoculum and PCL were set to 14: 1: 7, respectively. A similar test was performed. As a result,
The decomposition rate of PCL was almost 0% even after the end of the test as compared with FIG.
Met.

Experimental Results and Discussion FIG. 2 shows the change with time of the carbon change rate. The horizontal axis in FIG. 2 indicates time (h), and the vertical axis indicates the rate of change of carbon (%). In Reference Comparative Example 1 (A-1 and A-2, indicated by a circle in the drawing) and Reference Example 1 (B-1 and B-2, indicated by a square in the drawing), 2 was obtained.
Experiments were carried out one after another, and they agreed well, confirming that the composting in this experiment had reproducibility. In Reference Comparative Example 1, the organic matter in the human waste sludge was decomposed in the early stage of composting, but no significant change was observed thereafter, and the final carbon change rate was about 37% in 144 hours.
It was near the value. On the other hand, in Reference Example 1 in which PCL was added, the organic matter in the night soil sludge was decomposed in the early stage of composting. However, since the active decomposition occurred continuously thereafter, the PCL was composted using night soil sludge. Was confirmed to be actively decomposed. In addition,
The value of the final carbon change rate in Reference Example 1 was about 15
The value was around 0%, indicating that PCL was actively decomposed from the fact that the carbon change rate exceeded 100%. FIG. 3 shows the change over time in the decomposition rate of only PCL in Reference Example 1. The horizontal axis in FIG. 3 is time (h), and the vertical axis is PC
The decomposition rate (%) of L is shown. PC when night soil sludge is used
The slope of the L decomposition rate curve increased linearly from the initial stage of composting, and finally reached a value near 63% in 144 hours.
When night soil sludge was used, the decomposition of PCL started early, and the PCL decomposition rate reached around 63% after 144 hours. However, it is considered that there was little organic matter easily decomposed in night soil sludge. . Therefore, it was suggested that depending on the type of compost raw material, PCL could be decomposed from the initial stage of composting, and that it could be decomposed in a short period of time.

FIG. 4 shows the change over time in the nitrogen change rate. The horizontal axis in FIG. 4 indicates time (h), and the vertical axis indicates the rate of change of nitrogen (%). Regarding the nitrogen change rate, as in the case of the carbon change rate, Reference Comparative Example 1 (A-1 and A-2, indicated by a circle in the figure) and Reference Example 1 (B-1 and B-2, FIG. (Indicated by squares)), it was confirmed that the composting performed twice each had reproducibility. In Reference Comparative Example 1, ammonia was actively generated from the initial stage of composting, and finally reached a value of about 6% in nitrogen change rate. On the other hand, in Reference Example 1 to which PCL was added, although slightly larger than Reference Comparative Example 1 at 24 and 36 hours after the initial stage of composting, the nitrogen change rate curve became constant after 48 hours. Note that the final nitrogen change rate in Reference Example 1 was a value near 3%. It is not clear why Reference Example 1 generated more ammonia than Reference Comparative Example 1 in the early stage of composting, but PCL
It was also thought that the addition of added promoted the decomposition of night soil sludge itself and generated a large amount of ammonia.

FIG. 5 shows the change over time of the ammonia generation rate. The horizontal axis in FIG. 5 indicates time (h), and the vertical axis indicates the generation rate of ammonia (× 10 ⁶ mol / hour). In Reference Comparative Example 1 (A-1 and A-2, indicated by a circle in the drawing) and Reference Example 1 (B-1 and B-2, indicated by a square in the drawing), the ammonia generation rate was 36 hours. And tended to become smaller thereafter. In the initial stage of composting, the ammonia generation rate in Reference Example 1 was temporarily higher than in Reference Comparative Example 1, but thereafter, Reference Comparative Example 1 was lower than Reference Example 1. It should be particularly noted that in Comparative Example 1 where PCL was not added, ammonia was generated until the end of composting, whereas in Reference Example 1, the generation of ammonia was hardly detected after 60 hours. That is. From this, PC
It was considered that ammonia could be completely removed by examining conditions for decomposing L as early as possible or by using a decomposition intermediate of PCL.

[Example 1] Experimental method Except for the following, the same test equipment as in Reference Example 1, human waste sludge,
PCL, analysis method was used. As the intermediate processing compost (referred to as product compost), the aforementioned PCL is 72
Composting treatment was performed for a time, and the decomposition rate of PCL was about 30% of the value before the start of the intermediate treatment. As the sample, a mixture having the following weight composition ratio was used. Sample (1) is a mixture of sludge 5: sawdust 14: inoculum 1: no intermediate treatment compost added: PCL not added (reference Comparative Example 1 was separately redone). Sample (2) is a mixture of sludge 5: sawdust 14, inoculum 1: no intermediate treatment compost added: PCL10. Sample (3) is a mixture of sludge 5: sawdust 14: inoculum 1: intermediate treatment compost 5: PCL10. Sample (4) is a mixture of sludge 5: sawdust 14: inoculum 1: intermediate treatment compost 10: PCL10. Sample (5) is a mixture of sludge 5: sawdust 14, inoculum 1: intermediate treatment compost 10, and no PCL added. Composting treatment temperature: 60 ° C Initial pH: 7.2 Initial moisture content: 60% by weight Test time: 144 hours Sampling time: Every 12 hours Graph unit: ppm / g-ds is (g per dry weight of sludge) -
Described as ds. ) Is the amount of generated ammonia.

The results are shown in FIGS. In the case of sample (3), at the time of sampling 12 hours after the start of the composting treatment, a maximum of about 25 ppm of free ammonia was detected in the gas phase of the test apparatus. In particular, in the case of sample (4), about 16 ppm of free ammonia was detected in the gas phase of the test apparatus at the sampling time of 12 hours after the start of the composting treatment. As a result, the generation of the initial ammonia odor can be suppressed.

[0025]

According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the generation of odors due to ammonia or amines in the composting process at a low cost without adversely affecting microorganisms contributing to the decomposition in the treatment of decomposing night soil. did it. In particular, even during the composting process, generation of odor due to free ammonia could be suppressed. Further, according to the present invention, agricultural multi-films and the like discarded after use as a polymer substance that generates organic acids by decomposition in the composting process are collected, and composted together with livestock excrement and garbage. In this case, the effects of waste treatment and deodorization can be achieved at the same time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an experimental device used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the change over time in the carbon change rate of Reference Example 1 and Reference Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change over time in a carbon change rate of Reference Comparative Example 2.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change over time in the nitrogen change rate in Reference Example 1 and Reference Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change over time in the ammonia generation rate in Reference Example 1 and Reference Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change over time of the ammonia concentration during the gas phase method for various samples in Example 1.

FIG. 7 is a diagram (an enlarged view on a vertical axis) showing a change over time of an ammonia concentration in a gas phase method for various samples in Example 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Flow meter 2 Bubbler 3 Carbon dioxide trap 4 Silicon rubber stopper 5 Stainless steel net 6 Mini reactor 7 Tedlar bag 8 Incubator

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05F 9/00 C05G 3/00 Z C05G 3/00 C12N 1/00 S C12N 1/00 B09B 3/00 ZABA F-term (reference) 4B065 AA01X AA57X BB12 BB22 BC31 BC42 CA55 CA56 4D004 AA02 AA03 AA04 BA04 CA19 CA48 CB02 CB04 CB08 CC15 4D059 AA01 AA07 AA08 BA03 BA29 BK01 CC01 DB11 DB13 DB21 DB02 A42CC CC LL30

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A compost raw material (R) and an intermediate treatment compost (IC) in a composting process in which a composting process is performed by mixing a composting material with a polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process. And carrying out a composting treatment. 2. The weight ratio of (R) to (IC) is 10: 9.
2. The weight ratio of (R) to (IC) is 100, provided that the sum is 0 to 90:10.
3. The method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process according to item 1. 3. A compost raw material (R), a polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition during the composting process, and a polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition during the composting process into the compost raw material A method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process, comprising mixing and composting an intermediate treatment compost (IC) in the process of mixing and composting. 4. The weight ratio of (R) to ((P) + (IC)) is from 10:90 to 90:10, provided that (R) and ((P)
+ (IC)) is 100. ), And the weight ratio of (P) :( IC) is 0: 100 to 80:
20 (However, the sum of the weight ratio of (P) and (IC) is 100
It is. 4. The method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process according to claim 3, wherein 5. An intermediate processing compost (IC) to be mixed.
Is 20% of the value before the start of the intermediate treatment.
The method for suppressing ammonia generation in the composting process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is described above. 6. The ammonia generation in the composting process according to claim 1, wherein the compost raw material is human waste sludge, sludge, garbage, food, feed, fertilizer, or a mixture thereof. Suppression method. 7. The ammonia in the composting process according to claim 1, wherein the polymer substance (P) that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process is a biodegradable resin. Generation suppression method. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the biodegradable resin is an aliphatic polyester, an aliphatic polyamide, an aliphatic polyesteramide, polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture thereof. . 9. An aliphatic polyester comprising: (i) a hydroxycarboxylic acid, (ii) a lactone, (iii) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic diol, and (i) to (ii)
9. An aliphatic polyester obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing one or more monomers for aliphatic polyester selected from the group consisting of the mixture of i).
3. The method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process according to item 1. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein (i) the hydroxycarboxylic acid is lactic acid, glycolic acid, lactide, glycolide, or a mixture thereof. (Ii) the lactone is ε-caprolactone, 4-methylcaprolactone, 3,5,5-trimethylcaprolactone, 3,3,5-trimethylcaprolactone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone;
The method according to claim 9, wherein the method is δ-valerolactone, enantholactone, or a mixture thereof. 12. (iii) The aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is succinic acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid or a mixture thereof, and the aliphatic diol is ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, or a mixture thereof. The method for suppressing the generation of ammonia in the composting process according to claim 9, wherein: 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding a microbial material. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding a permeability improving material. 15. The process according to claim 1, wherein the polymer substance that generates an organic acid by decomposition in the composting process is waste of a resin processed product made of a biodegradable resin. For suppressing the generation of ammonia during the composting process. 16. The resin processed product is an agricultural multi-film,
The method according to claim 15, wherein the method is a garbage bag, a drainer net, a foam, a container, a pile, a net, or a mixture thereof.