JP2002053876A - Apparatus and system for utilizing energy from coal - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for utilizing energy from coal capable of efficiently converting the latent energy of the coal into electrical energy and recovering carbon dioxide produced by the energy conversion and usable as a small-scale scattered type energy source and a system for utilizing the energy from the coal using the apparatus. SOLUTION: A method for producing hydrogen by gasification of the coal is synthetically combined with power generation equipment with fuel cells according to a prescribed method to thereby provide the apparatus for utilizing the energy from the coal capable of achieving a power generation efficiency not lower than the conventionally known efficiency. A fuel as a solid fuel consisting essentially of the coal is transported to an installation site of the apparatus for utilizing the energy with an unhermetically sealed transporting means. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide produced by the gasification of the coal is recovered as a solid material consisting essentially of calcium carbonate and treated in raw material recycling equipment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an energy utilization device for efficiently utilizing the energy of coal and an energy utilization system including the energy utilization device. The present invention relates to a coal-based energy utilization system that generates a gas containing as a main component and supplies the gas to a fuel cell to generate power, and a coal-based energy utilization system including the energy utilization device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method of converting the energy of coal into electric energy, there are two methods: steam power, in which heat obtained by burning coal is recovered as steam and generated by a steam turbine, and a gas turbine is rotated by combustion gas of coal. Gas turbine power generation, which generates electric power by combining these, and combined power generation, which combines these, have been put to practical use. These facilities convert the chemical energy of coal into thermal energy by direct combustion, convert the obtained thermal energy into kinetic energy of a turbine, and further convert this kinetic energy into electrical energy. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the energy loss generated in each energy conversion process as much as possible and to increase the scale of the equipment in order to obtain high energy conversion efficiency in the entire energy conversion process. Is 10
Large-scale installations of 10,000 to 1 million kilowatts are customary. It is said that the energy conversion efficiency of these facilities is limited to 40%.

On the other hand, as a power generation method in which exergy, which is energy that can be converted into work more effectively than in the case of directly burning coal, and thus power generation efficiency is enhanced, gasification of coal to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide is carried out. Various systems have been disclosed for producing flammable gases such as methane and methane and supplying them to a gas turbine to generate electricity. The power generation efficiency of these systems is about 50%
It is said that the energy conversion efficiency is higher than when power is generated from thermal energy obtained by direct combustion of coal. However, in order to perform gas turbine power generation with high efficiency, it is necessary to increase the scale of the equipment.
Large facilities of 10,000 kilowatts are customary.

[0004] Recently, fuel cells have attracted attention as a clean power generation system with high energy conversion efficiency. Fuel cells generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction in which water and electricity are generated from hydrogen and oxygen, so they do not generate carbon dioxide, a substance that causes global warming, and the chemical energy of hydrogen is directly converted into electrical energy. Because it is converted, power generation efficiency is high. When fossil fuel is used as fuel for a fuel cell, it is necessary to convert the fossil fuel into hydrogen in advance by reforming. However, the energy conversion efficiency from fossil fuel including the use of heat generated in the fuel cell is 40%.
It is said to be ~ 60%.

[0005] Furthermore, since a fuel cell can achieve high energy conversion efficiency even in a small size, it is receiving attention as a small-scale distributed type and an on-site type power generation facility installed in a place where there is a demand for power. In the small-scale distributed type, the power generation capacity is 1,000
Power generation facilities from 0 kW to 10,000 kW, and on-site power generation capacity from 1 kW to 1,000 kW
Research and development and commercialization of kilowatt power generation facilities are underway. Furthermore, in the case of power generation using a fuel cell, for example, even if the power grid is cut off in the event of a disaster, power generation is possible as long as fuel cells are not damaged and fuel is secured, greatly contributing to the improvement of energy security. It is said that.

[0006] Coal is said to have the longest usable life among fossil fuel resources, and it is thought that stable supply as an energy source is possible in the future. When using coal in a fuel cell, it is necessary to convert it into gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons in advance by gasification or liquefaction. Various methods are known as a method of gasifying coal to obtain a hydrocarbon-based gas. As a most common method, a method is known in which steam and oxygen are applied to coal under high temperature and high pressure to obtain a gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as main components. In order to use a gas obtained by a gasification reaction of coal as a raw material for power generation of a fuel cell, it is preferable that the ratio of hydrogen in the gas is high. Therefore, a gasification technology having a high hydrogen generation ratio is required.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-78671 discloses a method for gasifying coal in which a coal is heated at 1673K to 1973K and has a higher hydrogen generation ratio than the conventional method. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-338260 discloses a method for obtaining high-purity hydrogen by steam reforming a combustible gas produced by a conventional method using a reformer having a hydrogen separation and permeable membrane. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-143202 discloses that coal, a carbon dioxide absorbing substance, and water are subjected to a pressure of 22 MPa.
There is disclosed a technique for producing a combustible gas containing hydrogen as a main component by reacting at a reaction temperature of 923K to 1073K.

[0008] As a method of liquefying coal to obtain a liquid hydrocarbon, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-251655 discloses a method.
There is disclosed a technology for continuously lightening and liquefying coal using active hydrogen obtained by supercritical water oxidation of cellulosic biomass or formic acid. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-298556 discloses a technique for adding hydrogen to coal to lighten and liquefy coal.

[0009]

[0005] Coal is said to have the longest available harvest time among fossil fuel resources, and is said to be capable of providing a stable supply as an energy source in the future. In order to efficiently convert the energy of coal into electric energy, coal is gasified and the resulting hydrocarbon gas is supplied to a fuel cell as a fuel to generate power, or the coal is liquefied and obtained. It is considered promising to supply liquid hydrocarbons as fuel to a fuel cell to generate power. However, there is disclosed a technology in which hydrocarbons obtained by gasifying or liquefying coal are burned in a gas turbine, and hydrogen is generated from the hydrocarbons using the exhaust heat thereof and supplied to a fuel cell to generate power. However, there is no disclosure of a specific process for obtaining electric energy and heat energy by using most of hydrocarbons obtained by gasification or liquefaction of coal as fuel for a fuel cell.

[0010] In order to supply the energy of coal to a fuel cell, it is necessary to convert the coal into a fuel that can be used in a fuel cell by gasifying or liquefying the coal.
However, since a small coal gasifier or a small coal liquefaction unit has not been put into practical use, gasification or liquefaction of coal is carried out in a large-scale centralized facility that has already been put into practical use, and the obtained fuel is used in a fuel cell. It must be transported to the installation site for use.

It can be obtained by gasification or liquefaction of coal,
Known fuels that can be used in fuel cells include methane gas, propane gas, hydrogen, gasoline, kerosene, methanol, and dimethyl ether. When using methane gas, fuel can be supplied using the already installed conduit in the city gas supply area, but it is practically difficult to install a fuel cell outside the city gas supply area. . When using propane gas or hydrogen, it is conceivable that the gas is delivered after being placed in a high-pressure container, but there is a concern that the use of the high-pressure container may increase the transportation cost. When gasoline, kerosene, methanol, diethyl ether, or the like is used, transportation by tank lorry is realistic, but there is a concern that the production cost of the fuel itself is high and the transportation cost is high because it is a flammable liquid.

When a hydrocarbon fuel other than hydrogen is used in a fuel cell, it is necessary to produce hydrogen from the hydrocarbon by reforming in the vicinity of the fuel cell body. At this time, the carbon contained in the hydrocarbon is released as carbon dioxide, but most of the reforming apparatuses, ie, reformers, which are currently under study, hardly consider the recovery of carbon dioxide. Therefore,
Although the fuel cell itself does not generate carbon dioxide with power generation, if a hydrocarbon fuel is used in the fuel cell, the reformer will generate carbon dioxide, and the consumption of fossil fuels based on the prevention of global warming It is difficult to respond to the social needs of reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with this.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the current state of the art, the inventors of the present invention have proposed a method of comprehensively combining a method for producing hydrogen by coal gasification and a fuel cell power generation facility in a predetermined manner. It has been conceived that an energy utilization device from coal that can achieve higher power generation efficiency than previously known can be configured. In addition, the present inventors have conceived that the transportation cost of the fuel used in the fuel cell can be reduced by transporting the fuel as a solid fuel containing coal as a main component to the installation location of the energy utilization device by a non-sealed transportation means. Furthermore, by recovering carbon dioxide generated by coal gasification as a solid containing calcium carbonate as a main component, the present inventors have conceived that no carbon dioxide is generated in the energy utilization device. As a result, the present inventors have completed the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, (1) a solid fuel containing coal as a main component is treated at a temperature of 873K to 1273K and a pressure of 10%.
It is a gasification reactor that reacts with water at a pressure of 25 to 25 MPa to produce a product gas containing hydrogen as a main component, and an energy utilization device that uses coal from a fuel cell that produces electricity and water from hydrogen and oxygen. The solid fuel containing coal as the main component is obtained by substantially uniformly mixing calcium oxide and sodium carbonate with coal and pulverized coal and compacting the mixture.

(2) The fuel cartridge is characterized in that the solid fuel containing coal as the main component is a fuel cartridge obtained by mixing coal and pulverized coal, calcium oxide and sodium carbonate in a dry powder state and compacting the mixture. The apparatus for utilizing energy from coal according to claim 1, wherein (3) the apparatus for utilizing energy from coal according to claim 2, wherein the fuel cartridge is covered with a film-like coating impermeable to hydrogen gas. (4) When the internal shape of the high-temperature and high-pressure container in the gasification reactor constituting the energy utilization device is substantially the same as that of the fuel cartridge, and the internal size is (a + 1 mm) or more where the size of the fuel cartridge is a ,
The apparatus for utilizing energy from coal according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the apparatus is formed as a lock hopper system having a * 1.1 or less.

(5) The product gas containing hydrogen as a main component obtained from the gasification reactor is used as the replacement gas in the lock hopper system of the high temperature and high pressure vessel of the gasification reactor. 2. An apparatus for utilizing energy from coal according to claim 1, wherein (6) a solid substance mainly composed of calcium carbonate is recovered from a residue after a product gas is produced from a solid fuel mainly composed of coal. An energy utilization device using coal according to any one of claims 5 to 5.

(7) A fuel production facility for producing solid fuel by mixing and compacting coal and pulverized coal and calcium oxide, an energy utilization device according to claim 6, and producing a product gas from the solid fuel. (8) an energy utilization system from coal, comprising a raw material regenerating facility for heating a solid containing calcium carbonate as a main component recovered from the residue after the recovery and recovering calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a solid material containing calcium carbonate as a main component is transported from the energy utilization device to the raw material recycling facility by non-closed transportation means, and calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are recovered in the raw material recycling facility. It is an energy utilization system.

(9) The calcium oxide recovered by the raw material regeneration facility is transported from the raw material regeneration facility to the fuel production facility by non-sealed transportation means, and is used for the production of solid fuel in the fuel production facility. Item 10. An energy utilization system from coal according to item 7 or 8, (10) a plurality of energy utilization devices, and a single raw material for recovering calcium oxide and carbon dioxide from solids containing calcium carbonate as a main component generated therein. An energy utilization system from coal according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized by comprising a regeneration facility, (11) a plurality of energy utilization devices and a solid fuel used therein. The coal according to any one of claims 7 to 10, comprising one fuel production facility for producing coal. It is an al energy utilization system.

(12) The system for utilizing energy from coal according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the fuel production facility and the raw material regeneration facility are integrated into one facility. (13) The electric power and heat used in the fuel production equipment and the raw material regeneration equipment are supplied from a large-scale centralized energy source, and the electric power generated by the energy utilization device and the cold / hot heat source are used as a distributed energy source. 13. A system for utilizing energy from coal according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein (14) pressurizing carbon dioxide recovered from solids containing calcium carbonate as a main component by a raw material regenerating facility by pressurizing means. 14. The coal from the coal according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein the coal is pumped to the deep sea floor and isolated and stored as a hydrate. Energy is the use system.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of an apparatus and system for utilizing energy from coal according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to this. FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing one embodiment of an energy utilization system from coal according to the present invention employed in the present embodiment, showing only main devices and main products, and omitting many of the attached devices. I have. In FIG. 1, dry powders of calcium oxide 4 and sodium carbonate 6 are mixed with coal and pulverized coal 2 so as to be substantially uniform, and a solid fuel is obtained in a compacting step 10. The porosity of the solid fuel obtained in the compacting step 10 is 20 vol% or less, preferably 5 vol.
ol% or less.

Calcium oxide 4 is added to recover carbon dioxide generated by oxidation of carbon in a coal gasification reaction described below. The reaction formula at this time is as follows. CaO + CO ₂ → CaCO ₃ Therefore, in order to collect the total amount of carbon dioxide generated from the carbon contained in the coal, the amount of calcium oxide 4 with respect to the amount of coal and pulverized coal 2 is calculated as follows. It is preferable that the number of moles of calcium oxide 4 to be mixed with the number of moles of carbon contained in is the same or more.

In the coal gasification reaction described below, sodium carbonate 6 reacts with harmful hydrogen sulfide generated from sulfur contained in coal to form sodium sulfide, thereby removing hydrogen sulfide from the generated gas. Therefore, although the amount of sodium carbonate 6 with respect to the amount of coal and the ground coal 2 is determined by the amount of sulfur contained in the coal, the amount of carbon dioxide having a mass equal to or greater than the mass of the coal and the ground coal 2 is determined. Preferably, sodium 6 is mixed.

Hydrogen gas impermeable film coating step 1
In 2, the hydrogen impermeable coating material 8 is applied uniformly and in the form of a film over the entire surface of the solid fuel obtained in the compacting step 10 to obtain a fuel cartridge 14. The fuel cartridge 14 is charged into a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel through a lock hopper type solid fuel supply unit described below, and at this time, a product gas mainly containing hydrogen is used as a replacement gas in the lock hopper system. However, when hydrogen and calcium oxide, which is a component of the fuel cartridge 14, come into direct contact, calcium and water are generated by the following reaction. To prevent direct contact between _{CaO + H 2 → Ca + H} 2 O where the hydrogen and calcium oxide, the surface of the fuel cartridge 14 needs to be coated with a hydrogen non-permeable coating. Hydrogen impermeable coating material 8
Preferably, it is a hydrocarbon-based substance that self-combustes and disappears in a high-temperature high-pressure reaction. The fuel cartridge 14 is made from coal and pulverized coal 2, calcium oxide 4, sodium carbonate 6, and hydrogen gas impermeable coating raw material 8.
Are collectively referred to as fuel production facilities 16.

The fuel cartridge 14 is transported by the non-hermetic transport means 18 from the fuel production facility 16 to the energy utilization device 40. The non-hermetic transportation means 18 refers to transportation means other than transportation and transportation using a closed container for preventing contact with the atmosphere, and as an example, the fuel cartridge 14 is housed in a normal container. Truck transport, rail transport, and ship transport are assumed. Conventionally,
As a means of transporting the fuel obtained by gasification or liquefaction of coal to the installation site of the fuel cell, methane gas is transported by conduit, propane gas, hydrogen is transported by high pressure gas container,
Gasoline, kerosene, methanol and dimethyl ether are usually transported by tank truck. Transport by conduit requires installation of conduits and pumping equipment, and when using existing city gas conduits, the transportable area is limited to the city gas supply area. Transport by a high-pressure gas container and transport by a tank lorry each require a dedicated hermetic container, resulting in high transport costs. In the present invention, by transporting coal as a fuel cartridge obtained by compaction molding, transport by non-hermetic means at normal temperature and pressure is possible.

In the energy utilization device 40, the fuel cartridge 14 is supplied to a gasification reactor 28 constituting the energy utilization device 40. The high temperature and high pressure vessel of the gasification reactor 28 may be formed as a lock hopper system, as described below. Fuel cartridge 1
The high temperature and high pressure water 20 is supplied to the gasification reactor 2
8, a gasification reaction occurs, and a product gas 22 containing hydrogen as a main component and a solid 26 containing calcium carbonate as a main component.
Is generated. The main reaction at this time is as follows. C + CaO + 2H ₂ O → 2H ₂ + CaC
By supplying the product gas 22 mainly composed of O ₃ hydrogen and oxygen or air 24 to the fuel cell 32 constituting the energy utilization device 40, an electrochemical reaction occurs, and water 34 and electric power 36 are obtained.

The solid 26 mainly composed of calcium carbonate generated by the energy utilization device 40 is transported from the energy utilization device 40 to the raw material regeneration equipment 50 by the non-sealed transportation means 18. The solid 26 mainly composed of calcium carbonate is used as the calciner 44 constituting the raw material regeneration equipment 50.
, Calcine is performed by applying heat 42 to obtain calcium oxide 4 and carbon dioxide 48. The main reaction in calcining is represented by the following equation. The calcium oxide 4 generated from the CaCO ₃ → CaO + CO ₂ calciner 44 is transported from the raw material regeneration equipment 50 to the fuel production equipment 16 by the non-sealed transportation means 18 and reused as a raw material for producing a solid fuel and a fuel cartridge. Is done. In addition, if the carbon dioxide 48 generated at the same time is released into the atmosphere, it causes global warming. Therefore, appropriate treatment is required. As an example of the treatment method, it is conceivable that carbon dioxide 48 is pressurized by the pressurizing / pumping means 52 and isolated and stored as a carbon dioxide hydrate 54 on the deep sea floor.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing another embodiment of the system for utilizing energy from coal according to the present invention employed in the present embodiment, in which only the main facilities and apparatuses are shown, and the main facilities and apparatuses are shown. Most of the raw materials and products in the constituent equipment and processes are omitted. In FIG. 2, one fuel production facility 16 produces a fuel cartridge 14 from coal and pulverized coal 2 and supplies the fuel cartridge 14 to a plurality of energy utilization devices 40. The power and thermal energy 58 required in the fuel production facility 16 is provided by a large scale centralized energy source 56. The plurality of energy utilization devices 40 generate electric power and heat energy, and each serve as a small-scale regional distributed energy source.

The solids 26 mainly composed of calcium carbonate generated in the energy utilization device 40 are transported from a plurality of energy utilization devices 40 to one raw material regeneration facility 50. In the raw material regeneration equipment 50, the solid 26 mainly composed of calcium carbonate is calcined to generate calcium oxide 4 and carbon dioxide 48. Electric power and thermal energy 58 required for calcining are supplied from a large-scale centralized energy source 56. At this time, the fuel production facility 16
The large-scale centralized energy source 56 for supplying electric power and thermal energy to the raw material and the large-scale centralized energy source 56 for supplying electric power and thermal energy to the raw material regeneration equipment 50 may be different or the same. Raw material recycling equipment 5
The calcium oxide 4 generated in step 0 is transported from the raw material regeneration facility 50 to the fuel production facility 16 and is reused in the fuel production facility 16 for production of the fuel cartridge 14. At this time, the fuel production facility 16 and the raw material regeneration facility 50 may be configured as the same facility.

As described above, using coal and pulverized coal 2 having abundant resources as fossil fuels, and utilizing relatively inexpensive electric power and thermal energy 58 from a large-scale centralized energy source 56, The fuel cartridge 14 is manufactured in a large-scale centralized facility. Also, the fuel cartridge 1
4 from the solid 26 mainly composed of calcium carbonate, which is a residue obtained by extracting energy, and relatively inexpensive electric power and heat energy 5 from a large-scale centralized energy source 56.
8, the calcium oxide 4 is recovered in a large-scale centralized facility and reused as a raw material for producing the fuel cartridge 14, and most of the carbon dioxide 48 as waste is recovered. On the other hand, in a small-scale regional decentralized facility, electric power and heat energy are efficiently extracted and used from the fuel cartridge 14 supplied from a large-scale centralized facility. In the related art, when extracting electric power and thermal energy from fossil fuels, carbon dioxide is generated at a place where the equipment is installed. According to the present invention, most of the place where electricity and heat energy are taken out can be recovered without releasing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of the apparatus for utilizing energy from coal according to the present invention employed in the present embodiment, showing only the main apparatus and main products,
Many of the attachments have been omitted. The energy utilization device shown in FIG. 3 includes a gasification reactor 28 and a fuel cell 32. In the gasification reactor 28, the fuel cartridge 14 supplied to the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel 60 reacts with the high-temperature and high-pressure water 20 to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction product 61 which is a mixture of gas, liquid and solid containing hydrogen as a main component. can get. The temperature in the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction is 873K to 1273K, and the pressure is 10
MPa to 25 MPa is preferred. The main reactions occurring in the gasification reactor 28 are as follows. C + CaO + 2H ₂ O → 2H ₂ + CaC
O ₃

The high-temperature and high-pressure reaction product 61 is cooled by a heat exchanger 62 and separated into a crude gas 66 and a liquid 70 after gas-liquid separation by a gas-liquid separator 64. The crude gas 66 is supplied to the gas purifier 6
After being purified in step 8, it is supplied to the fuel cell 32 as a product gas 22 containing hydrogen as a main component. Liquid 7 after gas-liquid separation
In the case of No. 0, first, the solid matter 26 containing calcium carbonate as a main component is collected by the solid-liquid separator 72, and the solid matter 26 is appropriately purified by the wastewater treatment device 74 and used as the recycled water 75. The high-temperature and high-pressure water 20 used in the gasification reactor 28 includes water 34
The recycle water 75 is heated by the heat exchanger 62 and pressurized by the pressurizing pump 76, and then heated to a predetermined temperature by the heating means 78.

In the fuel cell 32, the gasification reactor 28
Is supplied to the fuel electrode 80 of the fuel cell 32, and oxygen or air 24 is supplied to the air electrode 82 via the pump 76. The supplied hydrogen and oxygen cause an electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell, and the electric power 36 is obtained through the inverter 84. Examples of the fuel cell used in the present invention include a solid oxide type, a molten carbonate type, a phosphoric acid type, and the like. The temperatures of the product gas 22 and oxygen or air 24 containing hydrogen as a main component are 973-1273K for the solid oxide type, 873-973K for the molten carbonate type, and 463-493 for the phosphoric acid type.
K is desirable. In a solid oxide fuel cell and a molten carbonate fuel cell, water vapor 8
8 and exhaust 86 from the air electrode 82, respectively.
In the phosphoric acid fuel cell, exhaust is generated from the fuel electrode 80 and hot water is generated from the air electrode 82.

FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing one embodiment of the fuel cartridge according to the present invention employed in the present embodiment, and detailed portions and attached portions are omitted. FIG. 4A is an external view of the fuel cartridge 14, assuming a rectangular solid as an example. FIG. 4b shows A in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the fuel cartridge 14 on a plane formed by four points ₁ , A ₂ , B ₁ and B ₂ . It has a structure in which the surface of a compact 92 formed of coal and pulverized coal and powder of calcium oxide and sodium carbonate is coated with a hydrogen gas impermeable coating 90.

FIG. 5 shows one example of the structure and components of the high-temperature and high-pressure vessel of the energy utilization apparatus in which the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel of the gasification reactor according to the present invention employed in this embodiment is formed as a lock hopper system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic explanatory drawing which shows an Example, and the detailed part and the attachment part are abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 5A is a schematic view showing a state before the fuel cartridge 14 is inserted into the high-temperature high-pressure reactor main body 94. The high-temperature and high-pressure container has a high-temperature and high-pressure container body 94, a fuel supply port 96, a first valve 98, a second valve 100, and a fuel residue outlet 10.
2 The internal shape of the high-temperature and high-pressure container is substantially the same as that of the fuel cartridge 14 used as fuel in the high-temperature and high-pressure container.
m) or more and a × 1.1 or less. The fuel cartridge 14 is loaded into the high-temperature and high-pressure container by opening the fuel supply port 96 by the hydraulic mechanism 108 and closing the fuel residue outlet 102 by moving the fuel cartridge 14 to the high-temperature and high-pressure container body by the fuel charging mechanism 110. Do. At this time, it is desirable that the first valve 98 and the second valve 100 be opened.

FIG. 5B is a schematic view showing a state where the fuel cartridge 14 is mounted on the high-temperature and high-pressure container main body 94. After the fuel cartridge 14 is inserted into the high-temperature and high-pressure container main body 94, the fuel supply port 96 is closed by the hydraulic mechanism 108, and the first
Using the valve 98 and the second valve 100, the gas in the high-temperature high-pressure container is replaced with hydrogen gas. At this time, instead of the hydrogen gas or the gas containing hydrogen as a main component, a product gas containing hydrogen as a main component produced in a gasification reactor including the high-temperature and high-pressure vessel may be used. Next, the temperature inside the high-temperature and high-pressure vessel is 8
A high-temperature and high-pressure water is supplied from the first valve 98 so as to be 73K to 1273K and a pressure of 10 MPa to 25 MPa to cause a gasification reaction inside the high-temperature and high-pressure vessel.
From 0, a gasification reaction product is recovered. The supply of the high-temperature and high-pressure water, the gasification reaction, and the recovery of the gasification product may be performed simultaneously as a continuous reaction, or may be performed sequentially as a batch reaction.

FIG. 5C is a schematic view showing a state in which the spent solid fuel residue 104 is discharged from the high-temperature and high-pressure vessel after the gasification reaction is completed. The high-temperature high-pressure container fuel residue outlet 102 is opened by a hydraulic mechanism 108, and the spent solid fuel residue 104 used in the gasification reaction is discharged by opening a residue outlet valve 106. As described above, in the present invention, the high-temperature and high-pressure container is formed as a lock hopper system, so that the supply of the fuel cartridge 14 and the generation and use of a product gas containing hydrogen as a main component by the gasification reaction of the fuel cartridge 14 are performed. The spent solid fuel residue 104 is sequentially discharged, and the efficient conversion of the fuel cartridge 14 into a product gas mainly composed of hydrogen proceeds.

According to the present invention, the use of the coal energy utilization apparatus and utilization system provided by the present invention makes it possible to produce coal that has the longest harvestable life among fossil fuels and can be supplied stably as an energy source in the future. Since it is possible to convert and use electric power and heat energy with high efficiency in a small-scale distributed energy utilization device, there is a great effect on stable supply of energy. In addition, a small-scale decentralized energy utilization device can recover almost all of the carbon dioxide generated by energy conversion, and can process it properly with a large-scale centralized facility, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. And has a remarkable effect on prevention of global warming.
Further, in the case of power generation by a fuel cell as a small-scale decentralized energy utilization device, even if the power grid is cut off during a disaster, for example, power can be generated as long as the fuel cell is not damaged and fuel is secured. Therefore, the effect of improving energy security can be expected.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing one embodiment of a system for utilizing energy from coal according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing another embodiment of a system for utilizing energy from coal according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of an apparatus for utilizing energy from coal according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing one embodiment of a fuel cartridge according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of a gasification reactor of an apparatus for utilizing energy from coal in which a high-temperature high-pressure reactor according to the present invention is formed as a lock hopper system.

[Description of Signs] 2 Coal and pulverized coal 4 Calcium oxide 6 Sodium carbonate 8 Hydrogen gas impermeable coating raw material 14 Fuel cartridge 18 Non-hermetic transportation means 20 High-temperature high-pressure water 22 Product gas mainly composed of hydrogen 24 Oxygen Or air 26 solids containing calcium carbonate as a main component 28 gasification reactor 32 fuel cell 40 energy utilization device 42 heat 44 calciner 48 carbon dioxide 50 raw material regeneration equipment 56 large-scale centralized energy source 58 power and heat energy 94 high temperature and high pressure Container body

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H01M 8/04 H01M 8/04 J 8/06 8/06 RF term (Reference) 4G040 EA03 EA06 EB06 EB03 EB33 4H060 AA02 BB05 BB22 CC18 DD02 DD12 FF03 FF13 GG02 5H027 AA04 AA05 AA06 DD00 DD06

Claims (14)

[Claims] A solid fuel containing coal as a main component is heated at a temperature of 87%.
A gasification reactor that reacts with water at 3K to 1273K and a pressure of 10 MPa to 25 MPa to produce a product gas containing hydrogen as a main component, and a coal gas composed of a fuel cell that produces electric power and water from hydrogen and oxygen. An energy utilization apparatus, wherein a solid fuel containing coal as a main component is obtained by substantially uniformly mixing calcium oxide and sodium carbonate into coal and pulverized coal and compacting the coal. Energy utilization equipment. 2. A fuel cartridge obtained by mixing a solid fuel mainly composed of coal, pulverized coal, calcium oxide and sodium carbonate in a dry powder state, and compacting the mixture. An apparatus for utilizing energy from coal according to claim 1. 3. The fuel cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the fuel cartridge is covered with a film-like coating impermeable to hydrogen gas.
An energy utilization device from coal according to claim 1. 4. When the internal shape of the high-temperature and high-pressure vessel in the gasification reactor constituting the energy utilization device is substantially the same as that of the fuel cartridge, and the internal size is defined as a (a + 1 mm) A)
The energy utilization apparatus from coal according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the apparatus is formed as a lock hopper system having a size of × 1.1 or less. 5. A gas according to claim 4, wherein a hydrogen-based product gas obtained from the gasification reactor is used as a replacement gas in the lock hopper system of the high-temperature high-pressure vessel of the gasification reactor. Energy utilization equipment from coal. 6. A solid substance mainly composed of calcium carbonate is recovered from a residue after a product gas is produced from a solid fuel mainly composed of coal, from the residue. Energy utilization device from coal described in one. 7. A fuel production facility for producing a solid fuel by mixing and compacting coal and pulverized coal and calcium oxide, an energy utilization device according to claim 6, and a product gas produced from the solid fuel. An energy utilization system from coal, comprising: a raw material regeneration facility for heating a solid mainly composed of calcium carbonate recovered from a residue to recover calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solid material containing calcium carbonate as a main component is transported from the energy utilization device to the raw material recycling facility by non-closed transportation means, and calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are recovered in the raw material recycling facility. Item 7. An energy utilization system according to Item 7. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calcium oxide recovered by the raw material regeneration equipment is transported from the raw material regeneration equipment to the fuel production equipment by non-sealed transportation means and used for the production of solid fuel in the fuel production equipment. An energy utilization system from coal according to 7 or 8. 10. A system comprising: a plurality of energy utilization devices; and a single material regeneration facility for recovering calcium oxide and carbon dioxide from solids containing calcium carbonate as a main component. An energy utilization system from coal according to any one of claims 7 to 9. 11. The apparatus according to claim 7, comprising a plurality of energy utilization devices and one fuel production facility for producing a solid fuel used therein.
0. The energy utilization system from coal described in any one of 0. 12. The energy utilization system from coal according to claim 7, wherein the fuel production equipment and the raw material regeneration equipment are integrated into one equipment. 13. A large-scale centralized energy source for supplying electric power and heat used in a fuel production facility and a raw material regeneration facility, and utilizing electric power and a cold / hot heat source generated in an energy utilization device as a distributed energy source. An energy utilization system from coal according to any one of claims 7 to 12. 14. Carbon dioxide recovered from solids containing calcium carbonate as a main component in a raw material recycling facility is pressurized by a pressurizing means, pumped to the deep sea floor and stored as hydrate separately. An energy utilization system from coal according to any one of claims 7 to 13.