JP2002044774A - Acoustic reception apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an acoustic reception apparatus suitable for accurate detection of sound source direction and the like, with a simple configuration, with an ease at mounting on ships and the like, with a high sensitivity, and superior in waterproof, in weather-resistant and in cold-resistant and the like. SOLUTION: In the apparatus, each basement of plural apparatuses 5 having directivities with the same characteristic is mounted on an outer surface of a holder 4 in such a way that the direction of the apparatuses 5 face towards emitting direction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sound receiving apparatus which is preferably used for, for example, receiving sound from a whistle of another ship and determining the direction of its sound source.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, bridges of ships have been kept highly airtight and sound-insulating, so that it has become difficult to listen to necessary acoustic signals such as a whistle or fog whistle of another ship.
Therefore, attach a microphone outside the bridge,
The external sound captured thereby is reproduced from a speaker provided in the bridge so that the external situation can be understood.

[0003]

However, with the above-described conventional means, it may be difficult to accurately determine from which direction the whistle of another ship captured by the microphone is coming from.

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is suitable for accurately determining the direction of a sound source and has a simple structure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an acoustic receiver that can be easily mounted on a ship or the like, has high sensitivity, and can exhibit waterproofness, weather resistance, cold resistance, and the like as required.

[0005]

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is solved as follows. (1) A plurality of sound collectors having directivity are provided on a support,
Attach them so that their directional directions point in the radiation direction.

(2) In the above item (1), the sound collectors are attached to the support at equal intervals.

(3) In the above item (1) or (2), it is assumed that each sound collecting device has the same characteristics.

(4) In any one of the above items (1) to (3), the support and each sound collecting device are waterproof.

(5) In any one of the above items (1) to (4), the support is a rectangular closed box, and the bases of the sound collecting devices are attached to the front, rear, left and right side surfaces, respectively.

(6) In any one of the above items (1) to (5), each of the sound collecting devices is provided with a diaphragm in a water-tight manner at the rear end of a horn-shaped introduction pipe expanding forward. A microphone is installed in the enclosed space behind the diaphragm.

(7) In the above item (6), the introduction pipe is provided with an external horn expanding toward the front, an intermediate horn arranged at the center inside the external horn and expanding toward the rear, A diaphragm is attached to the throat at the rear end of the inner horn, the inner horn being disposed at the center inside the horn and expanding toward the front end of the intermediate horn.

(8) In the above item (7), a drain hole is provided in the throat portion at the rear end of the internal horn.

(9) In any one of the above items (6) to (8), the microphone is provided with a buffering property on the substrate fixed to the rear end of the introduction tube so as to be located behind the diaphragm. Hold by the holding member.

(10) In any one of the above items (6) to (9), a closed type cover is provided at a rear end of the introduction tube, a microphone and its amplifier are provided in the closed cover, and the closed cover is provided. Is fixed to a closed box-shaped support.

(11) In any one of the above items (5) to (10), a freeze prevention heater is provided in a closed box-shaped support.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a ship (1) provided with an embodiment of the sound receiving apparatus of the present invention, and a bridge (2) of the ship (1) is completely sealed from the outside world. Outside, in this example, on the roof of the bridge (2), an acoustic receiver (3)
Is fixed, and a display device to be described later is also provided inside.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the acoustic receiving apparatus (3) has the same characteristics on the front, rear, left and right sides of a rectangular parallelepiped closed box-shaped support (4) when viewed in plan. The base of the directional waterproof type sound collecting device (5) is mounted so that their directing directions are orthogonal, that is, facing forward, rearward, leftward, and rightward.

FIG. 4 shows the internal structure of a sound collector (5) facing forward as an example. Sound collector (5)
Is a horn-shaped inlet pipe (6) expanding forward,
A diaphragm (8) attached to the throat (7) at the rear end of the introduction pipe (6), and a condenser microphone (9) disposed behind the diaphragm (8).

The introduction pipe (6) has an outer horn (6a) having a rear end fixed to a vertical holding plate (10) and expanding forward from the outer horn (6a), and an inner center of the outer horn (6a). It is arranged, the front end is closed, and it expands slightly backward,
And an intermediate horn (6b) attached to the holding plate (10) with bolts (11); and an intermediate horn (6b) disposed at the center of the inside of the intermediate horn (6b). Internal horn (6c) attached to a forward hemispherical throat (7) having a rear end integral with the holding plate (10)
As a whole, a horn with a meandering meander is formed, which corresponds to a straight horn having a length equal to the sum of the lengths of the respective horns.

A hemispherical vibrating plate (8) is arranged at a slight interval on the rear surface of the throat (7).
Is attached to the holding plate (10) by a mounting screw (14) via a packing (12) and a plate holding plate (13).
A drain hole (15) is provided below the throat (7).

The holding plate (10) is attached to a vertical substrate (16) by a bolt and nut (18) via a packing (17). The board (16) is attached to each side of the closed box (4) with a bolt and nut (20) via a packing (19),
At the center opening of the substrate (16), a microphone (9) is attached via a holding member (21) having a buffering property such as rubber so as to face the diaphragm (8).

A closed space (22) is formed between the microphone (9) and the diaphragm (8).

The microphone (9) is mounted on the back surface of the substrate (16) via a packing (17).
It is enclosed by an airtight cover (23) smaller than (4) and is connected by a cable (25) to an amplifier (24) mounted inside the airtight cover (23). The output of the amplifier (24) is taken out by a cable (27) inserted into a through fitting (26) provided at the bottom of the closed cover (23).

The inside of the closed box-shaped support (4) and the closed cover (23), the back of the diaphragm (8), etc. are completely isolated from the outside world, and the waterproofness is secured.
Although not shown, a heater for preventing freezing for cold regions is provided inside the support body (4) and other important places.

As shown in FIG. 5, the cable (27)
It is drawn into the joint box (28), from where it is guided by cables (29) into the bridge (2).

An operation / display panel (30) and signal processing means (31) are provided inside the bridge (2). FIG.
Indicates a panel surface of the operation / display panel (30).

As shown in FIG. 6, on the panel surface, LEDs (33a) and (33b) indicating the direction of the sound source are shown on the front, rear, left and right sides of a hull diagram (32) imitating the plan shape of the ship. ) (33c) (33d)
However, an LED (33e) is provided at the center of the hull diagram (32) to indicate that the sound source of the own ship has been activated. These L
The illuminance of the ED can be adjusted by the illuminance adjustment knob (34).

Further, a speaker (35) is provided on the panel surface, and the volume of the speaker (35) can be adjusted by a volume control knob (36). Also, by turning on the external monitor switch (37),
External sound can be reproduced in the bridge (2).

When the external monitor switch (37) is not turned on, any one of the sound collectors (5) will be described later.
However, the captured sound is reproduced for a short time only when a sound having a volume equal to or higher than a set volume level set in inverse proportion to the sensitivity set by the sensitivity adjustment knob (38) is captured. (39) is a power switch.

Returning to FIG. 5, the acoustic receiving apparatus will be described.
The cable (29) from (3) enters the signal processing means (31),
Through a 70-820 Hz bandpass filter (40),
It is connected to volume comparison means (41).

The sound volume comparing means (41) compares the loudness of the sounds collected by the sound collecting devices (5), and determines the sound collecting device (5) which has collected the largest sound. The information is sent to the sound source direction determining means (42).

The sound source direction determining means (42) determines the direction of the sound collecting device (5) that has captured the loudest sound as the sound source direction,
Among the LEDs (33a), (33b), (33c), and (33d), the LED corresponding to the direction is turned on.

The sound volume comparing means (41) is in inverse proportion to the sound volume level of the loudest sound of the sound collector (5) determined as described above and the sensitivity set by the sensitivity adjusting knob (38). Is compared with the set volume level set in the memory (43), and is provided on the input line of the speaker (35) only when the volume level of the loudest sound of the sound collector (5) is higher than the set volume level. The contact (44) also functions as a sound actuating means for closing the contact for a predetermined short time.

After passing through the contact (39a) from the cable (29),
A branch line (45) branched on the way to the band-pass filter (40) is provided with mixing means (46) for synthesizing all sounds captured by the four sound collectors (5) and the above-mentioned contact point (44). ) And the contact (37) of the external monitor switch (37)
a), a muffler switch (muffler) (48) that opens in conjunction with the operation of the whistle operating means (47) of the ship, and a volume control provided on the operation and display panel (30) It is connected to a speaker (35) via a knob (36).

The mixing means (46) is preferably provided with an amplifying means in parallel. The whistle operating means (47) is connected to the mute switch (48) and the LED (33e) on the operation and display panel (30), which indicates that the sound source of the ship is activated, and the whistle operating means (47) is activated. When the mute switch (48) is opened, the sound signal is transmitted to the speaker (35), and the LED (33e) is turned on to indicate that the whistle or the like of the ship is operated. It has become.

Next, the handling procedure and operation of the above device will be described. The sound signals collected by the four sound collectors (5) are passed through a band-pass filter (40) to the sound signals.
Only signals with a frequency in the range of 0 to 820 Hz are considered valid,
Others are removed and sent to the sound volume comparing means (41).

In the sound volume comparing means (41), each sound collecting device
The magnitudes of the sound signals collected by (5) are compared, and the direction of the sound collector (5) that has received the signal of the maximum magnitude is determined by the sound source direction determining means (42) following the sound source direction. Is determined as Accordingly, any corresponding LE
D (33a) (33b) (33c) (33d) is turned on.

FIG. 7 shows this state. In FIG.
As shown in (a), if the LED (33a) in front of the hull form diagram (32) is lit, it indicates that a whistle or fog whistle of another ship exists within a range of 90 degrees in front, As shown in b),
If the LED (33d) on the right side of the hull form (32) is lit, it indicates that the whistle or fog whistle of another ship exists in a range of 90 degrees to the right, as shown in (c). When the LED (33b) behind the hull form (32) is lit, it indicates that a whistle or fog whistle of another ship exists within a range of 90 degrees behind the ship, and as shown in (d), the hull form If the LED (33c) on the left side of (32) is lit, it indicates that a steam whistle or fog whistle of another ship exists within a range of 90 degrees to the left.

Lighting of these LEDs (33a) (33b) (33c) (33d) is preferably continued for at least 3 seconds.

When the external monitor switch (37) is turned on, the sound (not limited to a whistle or fog whistle) collected by the all sound collecting device (5) is mixed by the mixing means (46), and Reproduced from (35).

Even when the external monitor switch (37) is not turned on, the volume level of the loudest sound of the sound collector (5) is adjusted by the sensitivity adjusting knob (38).
When the volume level is higher than the set volume level, the contact (44) is closed and the sound pickup device is closed for a predetermined short time.
The sound collected by (5) is reproduced from the speaker (35). The duration at this time is also preferably at least 3 seconds.

In order to blow the ship's flute or fog whistle,
When the operating means (47) such as a whistle is activated, the mute switch (48)
Is opened, the transmission of the acoustic signal to the speaker (35) is cut off, and the LED (33e) is turned on to indicate that the whistle or the like of the own ship is operating. It goes without saying that the operation of the entire apparatus is started by turning on the power switch (39).

Although the present invention has been described with reference to one embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example, the microphone 9 is not limited to the condenser type, but may be a dynamic type. Also support
(4) may be a cylindrical shape or a polygonal shape in plan view, and three or five or more directional sound collecting devices (5) having the same structure may be mounted on the outer peripheral surface thereof. .

Further, the present invention is not only used for checking the direction of a whistle or the like of another ship by mounting it on a ship, but also for other purposes.
For example, it can also be used to check the direction of birds' calls, the direction of fire or shot, and the like.

[0045]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since a plurality of sound collecting devices having directivity are mounted on the support so as to face the radiation direction, the direction of the sound source can be accurately determined. And it is easy to attach the sound receiving device to a ship or the like, and to process wiring. Further, it has a simple structure and is excellent in waterproofness, weather resistance, cold resistance and the like.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the sound collecting devices are arranged at equal intervals, the direction of the sound source can be accurately known.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the sound collecting devices have the same characteristics, there is no variation in the accuracy of sound reception and the like, and the accuracy of detecting the direction of the sound source can be improved.

According to the fourth aspect of the invention, the waterproofness and the durability are improved.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the directivity of each sound collecting device can be adjusted to the front, rear, left and right of the ship, so that the handling is simple and the possibility of erroneous direction is small.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the microphone is not directly exposed to the outside and picks up external sound via the closed space and the diaphragm, the microphone is excellent in durability and waterproofness. Any microphone, especially a high-performance condenser type, can be used,
The sensitivity can be improved.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, high directivity and resonance effects can be obtained, and the horn can be shortened and downsized.

According to the eighth aspect of the invention, it is possible to drain rainwater, waves, and the like that have entered the introduction pipe from the outside so that the operation of the diaphragm is not hindered.

According to the ninth aspect, it is possible to prevent the microphone from picking up noise.
The microphone can be held securely.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the protection of the microphone and its amplifier is ensured, and the durability and weather resistance enough to withstand the severe conditions required for ships are obtained. Can be.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, even with a single heater for preventing freezing, it is possible to efficiently prevent freezing of all of the plurality of sound collectors, and even in a cold sea area. Can be prevented from being stopped or reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a ship provided with an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view of one embodiment of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of the same.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional side view of one of the sound collecting devices.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an operation system of a sound source direction confirmation device including the device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the operation / display panel.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing four states of a sound source direction display portion of the operation / display panel.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) Ship (2) Bridge (3) Acoustic receiver (4) Support (5) Sound collector (6) Inlet pipe (6a) External horn (6b) Intermediate horn (6c) Internal horn (7) Throat (8) Diaphragm (9) Microphone (10) Holding plate (11) Bolt (12) Packing (13) Holding plate (14) Mounting screw (15) Drain hole (16) Substrate (17) Packing (18) Bolt Nut (19) Packing (20) Bolt nut (21) Holding member (22) Enclosed space (23) Sealed cover (24) Amplifier (25) Cable (26) Penetration bracket (27) Cable (28) Joint box (29) Cable (30) Operation and display panel (31) Signal processing means (32) Hull figure (33a) to (33e) LED (34) Illumination adjustment knob (35) Speaker (36) Volume control knob (37) External monitor switch ( 37a) Contact (38) Sensitivity adjustment knob (39) Power switch (39a) Contact (40) Bandpass filter (41) Volume comparison means (42) Sound source direction determining means (43) Memory (44) Contact (45) Branch line ( 46) Mixing means (47) Steam whistle operating means (48) Silence switch

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A sound receiving apparatus comprising: a plurality of sound collectors having directivity mounted on a support so that their directing directions are directed to a radiation direction. 2. The sound receiving device according to claim 1, wherein each sound collecting device is attached to a support at equal intervals. 3. The acoustic receiving device according to claim 1, wherein each of the sound collecting devices has the same characteristics. 4. The acoustic receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the support and each of the sound collecting devices are waterproof. 5. The acoustic receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the support is a rectangular closed box, and bases of the sound collecting devices are respectively attached to front, rear, left and right side surfaces thereof. 6. A horn-shaped introduction pipe which expands forward and is provided with a diaphragm in a watertight manner at each rear end of the horn-shaped introduction pipe, and a microphone is provided in a closed space behind the diaphragm. The acoustic receiver according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein 7. An external horn that expands forward, an intermediate horn that is disposed at the center of the inside of the external horn and expands rearward, and an introduction pipe that is disposed at the center of the inside of the intermediate horn. 7. The acoustic receiving device according to claim 6, wherein the diaphragm is attached to a throat portion at a rear end of the inner horn, the diaphragm being formed by an inner horn expanding toward a front end of the intermediate horn. 8. The acoustic receiving device according to claim 7, wherein a drain hole is provided in a throat portion at a rear end of the internal horn. 9. The microphone is held by a holding member having a buffering property on a substrate fixed to the rear end of the introduction tube so as to be located behind the diaphragm.
The acoustic receiver according to any one of the above. 10. A closed-type cover is provided at the rear end of the introduction tube, a microphone and its amplifier are provided in the closed cover, and the closed cover is fixed to a closed box-shaped support. Item 10. The acoustic receiving device according to any one of Items 6 to 9. 11. The acoustic receiving apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a heater for preventing freezing is provided in a closed box-shaped support.