JP2002039741A - Method and instrument for measuring unevenness of body surface - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an instrument for body surface unevenness measurement which measure whether or not a body surface has unevenness, its height, etc., efficiently through easy operation and can be made relatively low-cost. SOLUTION: This instrument is equipped with a small-sized measurer 1 which can be gripped and operated in a hand, contact or contactless reference point measurement for at least three points which are provided on the surface of the measurer facing a body, a contact or contactless distance measuring sensor for one point for unevenness measurement which is provided to the measurer separately from those sensors, a reference position specifying means which finds the current opposition distance and opposition angle of the measurer according to reference distance and reference opposition angle information from the sensors for reference point measurement, and an unevenness measuring means which measures the unevenness of the surface of the body by finding the distance of the measurer from a specific position on the body surface from isolation distance information obtained by the sensor for unevenness measurement on the basis of the current position of the measurer found by the reference position specifying means.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring unevenness on the surface of an object applied to, for example, measuring the depth of an undercut generated in a welded portion of a steel material and measuring the unevenness on the surface of various objects.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In fillet welding and butt welding of steel materials, for example, a so-called "undercut" may occur between a surface of a base material and a surface of a welded portion due to melting of the base material. . It is desired that the occurrence of undercut be avoided as much as possible from the viewpoint of securing the strength of the welded structure. According to recent standards, the occurrence of undercut exceeding 0.3 mm is strictly regulated as poor welding. Has become.

Conventionally, in complicated places such as steel welding sites of large buildings, it has been difficult to measure the depth of such fine undercuts. For example, measurement gauges and various small-diameter core wires, such as mechanical pencils, have been used. Actually, only a primitive confirmation means such as whether or not these are fitted into the undercut portion using a 0.3 mm core or the like, or a measurement using a dial gauge can be adopted. However, these means have problems such as inefficiency and difficulty in measuring with high accuracy.

On the other hand, a laser-based measuring device used for measuring surface roughness in the field of mechanical processing can detect irregularities with high accuracy. It is very difficult to apply to undercut measurement and the like due to difficulties in handling and high equipment costs.

[0005]

As described above, the means for measuring unevenness on the surface of a measurement object using a dial gauge or a core wire has disadvantages in efficiency, measurement accuracy, and the like. Although the apparatus can detect irregularities with high accuracy, it has disadvantages such as difficulty in handling and high cost due to a large-scale configuration.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can measure the presence or absence of irregularities on the surface of an object, the depth, the height, and the like with a simple operation, efficiently and with high accuracy. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for measuring surface unevenness of an object, which can be implemented at relatively low cost.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a surface of an object to be measured is opposed to the object while moving the object to be measured. Measure the current facing distance and facing angle of the tracing stylus to the object surface by at least three contact or non-contact distance measuring sensors provided in the
Based on the measured position of the tracing stylus, a contact point or a non-contact type distance measuring sensor provided separately at the tracing stylus further measures an opposing distance to a specific position on the surface of the object. And measuring the unevenness on the surface of the object in a state where the probe is opposed to the surface of the object in an arbitrary posture.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for measuring irregularities on the surface of an object according to the first aspect, an object to be measured is an undercut depth generated at a boundary portion between a base material and a welded portion of a weldment. Provided is a method for measuring unevenness of an object surface.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a small measuring element which can be gripped by hand, and at least three or more contact type or non-contact type reference points provided on the surface of the measuring element facing the object. Point measurement sensors, a one-point contact type or non-contact type distance measurement sensor for unevenness measurement provided on the tracing stylus separately from these sensors, a reference distance from the reference point measurement sensor and Reference position specifying means for calculating a current opposing distance and an opposing angle of the tracing stylus based on reference opposing angle information, and a sensor for measuring the unevenness based on the current position of the tracing stylus obtained by the reference position specifying means. And a concavity and convexity measuring means for measuring the concavity and convexity of the surface of the object by obtaining a separation distance of the tracing stylus with respect to a specific position on the surface of the object from the distance information obtained by the method. Providing unevenness measuring device of the object surface to be.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the unevenness measuring device for an object surface according to the third aspect, wherein the contact type sensor is a distance sensor.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the apparatus for measuring unevenness of an object surface according to the third aspect, the non-contact type sensor is any one of a laser beam sensor, an infrared sensor, an eddy current sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor. The present invention provides a device for measuring unevenness on the surface of an object, characterized in that:

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a method and an apparatus for measuring unevenness on the surface of an object according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present embodiment is suitable for, for example, measuring the undercut of a welded steel material, but can be similarly applied to other various unevenness measurements.

First Embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 4) This embodiment is a case where a contact type sensor is applied. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a measuring element of the unevenness measuring device, and FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a sensor arrangement of the measuring element. FIG. 3 is a system configuration diagram showing the entire apparatus.
Is a flowchart showing an operation procedure.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, a small block-shaped probe main body 2 large enough to hold and operate a probe 1, and a reference position setting incorporated in the probe main body 2. And three sensors 3 for measuring the undercut depth separately incorporated in the tracing stylus main body 2. The number of sensors may be three or more.

Each of the sensors 3 and 4 is a contact-type distance sensor, and the distance sensor includes a sensor body and a contact. That is, the sensors 3 and 4 are respectively arranged on one side surface (upper surface) of the tracing stylus main body 2.
And a pin-shaped contact 6 connected via a spring 5. Each tip of the contact 6 projects from the other side surface (lower surface) of the tracing stylus main body 2 so as to be able to advance and retreat, and is urged toward the projecting side by the elastic force of the spring 5.

In each of the sensors 3 and 4, when each contact 6 comes into contact with the surface of the steel material 7 to be measured and the undercut 9 generated in the welded portion 8 or the like, a signal output corresponding to the amount of retreat is made. Is performed. Then, information is transmitted to a computer unit described later, and the posture of the tracing stylus 1 and the undercut depth are measured.

In the sensor 4 for measuring the undercut depth, the tip of the contact 6 has a small diameter core wire, and the undercut 9 generated in the welded portion 8 of the steel material 7 to be measured has a small width. In this case, it can be easily inserted. Although not shown, a marker such as an ink jet nozzle device for coloring, for example, is attached to a portion of the tracing stylus 1 where an undercut defect or the like is found.

Each reference point measuring sensor 3 has a triangular vertex arrangement as shown in FIG.
A set of two points is formed in each of the vertical and horizontal directions, and the distance to the surface of the steel material 7 and the inclination in each direction can be obtained from the retreat amount of each contact 6. Further, the sensors 3 for measuring the undercut depth are arranged at fixed positions apart from the sensors 3 for measuring the reference points.

Here, the pitch between the sensors 3 and 4 is shown in FIG.
As shown in the above, when P1, P2, P3, and P4 are set, and the measurement heights of the sensors 3 and 4 are L0 for the sensor 4 and L1, L2, and L3 for the sensor 3, the following relationship is established.

For example, the left and right reference point measuring sensors 3 (L1) with the undercut depth measuring sensor 4 as the center,
When the tilt is generated in 3 (L2), the center position of the tip of the sensor 4 is shifted by the amount of the tilt. Therefore, the following left / right correction ratio B is obtained.

[0021]

(Equation 1)

On the other hand, the apparent undercut depth A by the sensor 4 is:

(Equation 2) Therefore, using the undercut amount A and the correction rate B, the true undercut depth A ′ is

## EQU3 ## A '= A * B ...
(3) can be obtained as

The method of this embodiment for performing the above operation is as follows.
The procedure shown in FIG. 4 is performed using the system shown in FIG.

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, the measurement information from each of the sensors 3 and 4 is amplified via the amplifier 10 and then input to the computer unit 11, and then input to the computer unit 11. Predetermined calculations and outputs are performed based on the data and the like. The computer unit 11 includes a converter, a calculator, a display, and the like, to which a data input unit 12, an output unit 13, and the like are connected.

Then, based on the reference distance from the reference point measuring sensor 3 and the reference opposing angle information, the computing unit of the computer unit 11 determines the opposing distance and the opposing angle of the tracing stylus 1 to the current steel 7. Position specifying means is configured. Further, the separation distance of the tracing stylus 1 with respect to the position of the undercut 9 on the surface of the steel material 7 is obtained from the separation distance information by the undercut depth measuring sensor 4 based on the current position of the tracing stylus 1 obtained by the reference position specifying means. In this way, a depth measuring unit (irregularity measuring unit) for measuring the depth of the undercut 9 is configured.
The calculation results by these means are numerically displayed by the output unit 13. When the value exceeds a preset specified value, it is output as a buzzer or a marker.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the sensors 3 and 4 of the tracing stylus 1 are started by switching on in a free state, as shown in FIG.
Initialization is performed to set four outputs to zero (step s).
1). If the initialization is OK (step S2), then the front, rear, left and right coincidence of each sensor 3 is confirmed (steps S3, S4). After this confirmation, as shown in FIG.
Is mounted on the steel material 7 and the measurement of the welded portion 8 is started.

The signal data L0, L1,
When L2 and L3 are taken into the computer unit 11 (step S5), the above equations (1), (2) and (3)
, The undercut depth is calculated (step S6).

Then, the maximum value among the calculated values is stored (step S7), and it is determined whether or not the calculated value is within the allowable value (step S8). Then, if the undercut depth is within the allowable value as a result of the determination, the measurement value is displayed on the data display section of the computer unit 11 together with the OK display (step S9), and the measurement of the relevant portion is completed. On the other hand, when the determination in step S8 is NO, that is, when the value exceeds the allowable value, the measured value is displayed together with the notification by the buzzer or the like in the output unit 13 (step S8).
10) If necessary by marking determination (step S11), marking is performed (step S12).

According to the present embodiment, the tracing stylus 1
The operator grips the steel plate 7 to approach the welded portion 8 of the steel material 7, and moves the sensor for setting the reference position and the sensor 4 for measuring the undercut depth onto the steel material 7 by simply moving the same. 9 can be measured easily and with high accuracy. In this case, the undercut amount can be easily confirmed by the display of the measured value, and if there is an abnormal value, a warning, a display, or the like can be performed by an auditory action by a buzzer or a visual action by marking as necessary.

Moreover, accurate measurement values can be obtained by data acquisition and calculations based on the data acquisition, and high reliability in welding evaluation can be ensured. Further, the operation is simple, the operation efficiency is good, and the operation can be performed at low cost as compared with a large-scale conventional laser device. Further, since the operation can be performed while being carried, no labor for installation is required.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described measurement of the undercut depth of the welded portion, and also includes the overlap of the welded portion,
The present invention can also be applied to measurement of the presence or absence, depth, height, and the like of unevenness existing on the surface of various structures and other objects. Also in this case, the measurement can be performed efficiently and with high accuracy by a simple operation, and relatively low cost can be realized.

Further, by increasing the sensitivity levels of the sensors 3 and 4, a wide range of measurement from relatively large unevenness to minute unevenness is possible.

Second Embodiment (FIGS. 5 and 6) This embodiment relates to a case where a non-contact type sensor is applied. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the tracing stylus 1, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a measuring state.

In the present embodiment, for example, a laser sensor is applied as the non-contact type sensor. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, a tracing stylus 1 is provided with three reference point measuring sensors 3 and one undercut depth measuring sensor 4, and these sensors 3 and 4 have laser oscillation (not shown). Laser beams 14 and 15 are transmitted from the machine.

The arrangement of the sensors 3 is different from that of the first embodiment and is illustrated as an overall arrangement in an L-shape.
The method of measuring the inclination and the distance in all directions by the vertical and horizontal arrangement is common to the first embodiment. Of course, the arrangement may be the same as in the first embodiment.

In this embodiment, the reachable distances L'0, L'1, L 'of the laser beams emitted from the sensors 3, 4
2, L'3 and the laser intervals d1 and d2 are measured, and the inclination angle θ of the tracing stylus 1 is obtained. That is, also in the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the distance to the bottom of the undercut 9 is measured by the laser beam 14 emitted from the tracing stylus 1, and the laser beam 1
5, the distance to the steel material (base material) 7 is measured. In this case, a surface reference line of the base material is drawn based on the measurement distances L'1, L'2, L'3, and the difference between this reference line and the measurement distance L'0 is the undercut depth. The laser beams 14, 15
Are illuminated simultaneously and the measurements are made simultaneously. Other operations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

According to the present embodiment, the measuring element 1 is made of steel 7
Regardless of the inclination angle, the depth of the undercut 9 can be measured, and high-precision measurement can be performed by an easy operation. In addition, relatively inexpensive and highly accurate measurements can be obtained in real time.

The display of the measured value may be either a digital display or a scale reading type. The motive power can be electric energy (battery type or adapter type) or solar energy.

In the present invention, an infrared sensor, an eddy current sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or the like can be applied as a non-contact sensor in addition to a laser beam sensor.

[0040]

As described in detail above, according to the method and the apparatus for measuring unevenness of an object according to the present invention, the measurement of the presence or absence of unevenness on the surface of an object, the depth, the height, and the like can be performed efficiently with a simple operation. ,
In addition, it can be performed with high accuracy, and can be implemented at a relatively low cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view showing a sensor arrangement in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a system configuration diagram in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a work procedure in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a configuration explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Measuring element 2 Measuring element main body 3 Sensor 4 Sensor 5 Spring 6 Contact 7 Steel material 8 Welding part 9 Undercut 10 Amplifier 11 Computer unit 12 Data input part 13 Output part 14 Laser beam 15 Laser beam

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G01B 17/00 G01B 21/00 P 21/00 21/30 101F 21/30 101 11/24 N (72) Inventor Tetsuya Yoshimura 405 Matsuhidai, Matsudo-shi, Chiba Prefecture Komai Iron Works Co., Ltd. Tokyo factory (72) Inventor Mika Ito 405 Matsuhidai, Matsudo-shi, Chiba prefecture Komatsu iron factory Tokyo factory F-term (reference) 2F063 AA15 AA22 BD20 DA01 DA05 DD05 GA08 2F065 AA06 AA22 AA25 AA37 BB05 CC15 DD00 GG04 HH12 UU04 2F068 AA06 AA24 AA36 BB19 FF12 FF25 JJ11 2F069 AA60 BB19 DD15 DD19 DD25 GG01 GG04 GG06 GG19 GG19 GG19 GG19 GG07 GG19 GG19 GG19 GG19 GG19 GG19 GG19 MM32 NN12 PP02 QQ05

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A contact type or non-contact type distance measuring device for at least three points provided on a surface of a measuring element facing the object while moving the measuring element facing the surface of an object to be measured. A sensor measures a current opposing distance and an opposing angle of the tracing stylus with respect to the object surface, and, based on the measured position of the tracing stylus, a contact or non-contact type of one point separately provided on the tracing stylus. The distance measurement sensor further measures an opposing distance to a specific position on the surface of the object, thereby measuring the unevenness of the surface of the object with the tracing stylus facing the surface of the object in an arbitrary posture. A method for measuring unevenness on the surface of an object, characterized in that: 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein an object to be measured is an undercut depth generated at a boundary portion between a base material of the weldment and the welded portion. Measuring method. 3. A small measuring element which can be gripped by hand, and a sensor for measuring at least three contact or non-contact reference points provided on a surface of the measuring element facing the object. A contact-type or non-contact-type distance measurement sensor for unevenness measurement provided on the tracing stylus separately from these sensors, and a reference distance and a reference facing angle information from the reference point measurement sensor. Reference position specifying means for calculating the current facing distance and facing angle of the tracing stylus based on the distance information by the sensor for measuring the unevenness based on the current position of the tracing stylus determined by the reference position specifying means. Unevenness measuring means for measuring the unevenness of the surface of the object by determining a separation distance of the tracing stylus with respect to a specific position on the surface of the object. measuring device. 4. An apparatus for measuring unevenness on an object surface according to claim 3, wherein the contact type sensor is a distance sensor. 5. The object surface roughness measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the non-contact type sensor is any one of a laser beam sensor, an infrared sensor, an eddy current sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor. Surface roughness measurement device.