JP2002014039A - Method and apparatus for measurement of percentage of moisture content of fine aggregate for concrete - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measurement of percentage of moisture content of fine aggregate for concreteInfo
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- JP2002014039A JP2002014039A JP2001121826A JP2001121826A JP2002014039A JP 2002014039 A JP2002014039 A JP 2002014039A JP 2001121826 A JP2001121826 A JP 2001121826A JP 2001121826 A JP2001121826 A JP 2001121826A JP 2002014039 A JP2002014039 A JP 2002014039A
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- fine aggregate
- water content
- cement
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- color
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、細骨材の含水率の
測定方法および測定装置に関するものである。「含水
率」は試料の乾燥質量に対する質量百分率で表される。
尚、「表面水率」は試料の表面乾燥飽和水状態の質量に
対する百分率で表され、表面水率は含水率から求めるこ
とができる。したがって、表面水が存在する状態では、
技術思想において、含水率の測定方法は実質的には表面
水率の測定法と同一視することができ、本発明における
含水率は表面水率と置き換えることが可能である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring the water content of fine aggregate. "Moisture content" is expressed as a percentage by mass relative to the dry mass of the sample.
The “surface water content” is expressed as a percentage with respect to the mass of the sample in the state of surface dry saturated water, and the surface water content can be obtained from the water content. Therefore, in the presence of surface water,
In the technical idea, the method of measuring the water content can be substantially equated with the method of measuring the surface water content, and the water content in the present invention can be replaced with the surface water content.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、コンクリート構造物の劣化が社会
問題となっているが、その理由の一つとして施工不良が
挙げられる。施工管理のずさんさ等によって水増しされ
たコンクリートが打設されたような場合、強度低下や材
料分離によって欠陥のあるコンクリート構造物ができる
可能性がある。また、レデーミクストコンクリートの製
造段階においては、骨材の含水状態の管理は、その強度
やコンシステンシーに影響を及ぼす大きな要因の一つで
ある。特に単位容積あたりの表面積の大きさから、水分
変化による影響が大きい細骨材の含水率あるいは表面水
率の管理は特に重要事項である。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, deterioration of concrete structures has become a social problem. One of the reasons is deterioration of construction. In the case where inflated concrete is poured due to sloppy construction management or the like, a defective concrete structure may be formed due to a decrease in strength or material separation. Also, in the production stage of ready-mixed concrete, management of the water content of the aggregate is one of the major factors affecting its strength and consistency. It is particularly important to control the water content or the surface water content of the fine aggregate, which is greatly affected by the change in water content, in view of the surface area per unit volume.
【０００３】また、骨材は、コンクリートを構成するう
えで骨格の役割を果たし、コンクリートの全容積に占め
る骨材の割合は約７０％にもなり、そして全骨材の中で
も約４０％を細骨材が占めている。さらに、近年その優
れた施工性の高さから現場での省エネ化などに有効なコ
ンクリートである高流動コンクリートでは、コンクリー
トの全容積に占める細骨材の割合は３５％（ｓ／ａ＝５
０％）以上にもなる。つまり、細骨材の含水状態の変化
は高流動コンクリートだけに限らず、コンクリートの品
質を大きく左右する要因であるとともに、その管理には
細心の注意を配ることが必要である。[0003] The aggregate plays a role of a skeleton in constituting the concrete, and the ratio of the aggregate to the total volume of the concrete is about 70%, and about 40% of the total aggregate is fine. Aggregate occupies. Furthermore, in recent years, in high fluidity concrete, which is effective for energy saving on site due to its excellent workability, the ratio of fine aggregate to the total volume of concrete is 35% (s / a = 5).
0%) or more. In other words, the change in the water content of the fine aggregate is not limited to high-fluidity concrete, but is a factor that greatly affects the quality of concrete, and it is necessary to pay close attention to its management.
【０００４】しかし、現在細骨材の含水状態あるいは表
面水率の管理に関しては有効な手段が確立されていると
は言い難い。これまでも、中性子法、マイクロ波法、赤
外線吸収法、誘電率法などによる各種水分率測定方法の
開発がなされていたものの、これらの測定方法は、測定
時間が長い、測定範囲が狭い、我が国においては、資本
の小さい生コン会社が多く、高価な測定装置を導入でき
ない、サンプル（細骨材）の色に影響を受ける、等の不
具合があった。したがって、結局従来の容積法や乾燥法
で測定を行ったり、あるいはプラント技術者の目視観察
による勘と経験に頼ったりすることが多いのが実状であ
る。その結果として、目標のコンクリート強度にバラツ
キが生じる例も少なくない。However, at present, it is difficult to say that effective means have been established for controlling the water content or surface water content of fine aggregate. Until now, various water content measurement methods such as the neutron method, microwave method, infrared absorption method, and dielectric constant method have been developed, but these measurement methods have long measurement time, narrow measurement range, However, there are many ready-mixed concrete companies with small capital, so that expensive measuring devices cannot be introduced, and the color of the sample (fine aggregate) is affected. Therefore, in actuality, in many cases, measurement is conventionally performed by the conventional volume method or drying method, or the intuition and experience of a plant engineer by visual observation are often used. As a result, there are many cases where the target concrete strength varies.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、前記従来の
測定方法における不具合を一掃するべく創案されたもの
であって、簡便で経済的にも優れた細骨材の含水率の測
定方法および測定装置を提供することを目的とするもの
である。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention was conceived to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional measuring method, and is a simple and economical method for measuring the water content of fine aggregates. It is an object to provide a measuring device.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】かかる課題を解決するた
めに本発明が採用した技術手段は、細骨材の含水率を測
定する方法において、細骨材の明度あるいは輝度を測定
する工程と、該測定値と、該細骨材に関する数値と含水
率との相関データとから細骨材の含水率を得る工程とか
らなることを特徴とするものである。本出願の発明者が
鋭意研究したところによると、細骨材の含水率と明度あ
るいは輝度との間に相関性があることがわかった。明度
を測定して数値化する手段は、色差計、輝度計、照度
計、ＣＣＤカメラ等で撮像したものからコンピュータを
用いて数値化する手法等が採用され得る。色彩の測定は
細骨材に直接接触する形でも、あるいは非接触のもので
もよいが、現場における実施においては非接触であるこ
とが望ましい。色彩を非接触で測定する手段としては、
好ましい一例として輝度計が挙げられる。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the technical means adopted by the present invention is a method for measuring the water content of fine aggregate, comprising the steps of measuring the lightness or luminance of fine aggregate; Obtaining a water content of the fine aggregate from the measured value and correlation data between the numerical value and the water content of the fine aggregate. The inventor of the present application has conducted extensive studies and found that there is a correlation between the water content of fine aggregate and lightness or luminance. As a means for measuring the brightness and converting it into a numerical value, a method of converting the image captured by a color difference meter, a luminance meter, an illuminance meter, a CCD camera or the like into a numerical value using a computer, or the like may be employed. The color measurement may be in direct contact with the fine aggregate or in a non-contact manner. As a means to measure color without contact,
A preferred example is a luminance meter.
【０００７】本発明が採用したさらに好ましい技術手段
は、細骨材の含水率を測定する方法において、細骨材と
セメントとを均一に混合するする工程と、混合されたセ
メント細骨材混合材の色彩（例えば、明度や輝度）を測
定し数値化する工程と、該測定値と、該セメント細骨材
混合材に関する数値と含水率との相関データとから細骨
材の含水率を得る工程とからなるものである。セメント
と細骨材とを混合させた状態で色を測定することで、よ
り広範囲において色彩の変化の測定が可能なことがわか
った。一つの好ましい例では、細骨材とセメントを混合
する工程は、細骨材とセメントをから練りすることであ
る。ここで、「から練り」とは、水を混ぜずにコンクリ
ートやモルタルの原料を練り混ぜることである（建築用
語図解辞典理工学社）。尚、細骨材とセメントとを混合
する工程は、「から練り」に限定されるものではなく、
必ずしも水を混合するものも排除するものではない。[0007] A further preferred technical means employed in the present invention is a method for measuring the water content of fine aggregate, comprising the steps of uniformly mixing fine aggregate and cement; Measuring the color (e.g., lightness and brightness) of the cement and converting it into a numerical value, and obtaining the water content of the fine aggregate from the measured value and correlation data between the numerical value and the water content of the cement fine aggregate mixture. It consists of: It was found that the color change can be measured over a wider range by measuring the color in a state where the cement and the fine aggregate are mixed. In one preferred example, the step of mixing the fine aggregate and the cement is milling the fine aggregate and the cement. Here, “kara kneading” refers to kneading the raw materials of concrete and mortar without mixing water (Architectural Terminology Illustrated Dictionary of Science and Engineering). In addition, the process of mixing fine aggregate and cement is not limited to “kara kneading”,
This does not necessarily exclude the mixing of water.
【０００８】細骨材の含水状態は概念的に絶乾状態（完
全に乾燥）、気乾状態（一部吸水）、表乾状態（吸水１
００％表面乾燥）、湿潤状態（表面も濡れる）というも
ので表すことができる。概念的には含水率の増加に伴
い、「絶乾状態→気乾状態→表乾状態→湿潤状態」のよ
うに状態が遷移すると考えられている（実際にはそれぞ
れこんなに明確な状態は存在しないが）。また色彩（明
度や輝度）の差は絶乾状態〜表乾状態ぐらいまでの方が
はっきりした傾向が現れ、湿潤状態になると砂自体では
色彩の差を取りにくくなる。これに対して、細骨材とセ
メントとを混合させる（例えば、から練り状態にする）
ことによって、色彩の差が出ることがわかった。The water content of the fine aggregate is conceptually absolutely dry (completely dry), air-dry (partially water-absorbed), surface-dry (water-absorbed 1).
00% surface dry) and a wet state (the surface is also wet). Conceptually, it is thought that the state transitions as the moisture content increases, such as "absolute dry state → air dry state → surface dry state → wet state" (actually, there is no such clear state in each case) But). Further, the difference in color (brightness and luminance) tends to be more pronounced from the absolutely dry state to the surface dry state, and it becomes difficult for the sand itself to take a color difference in a wet state. On the other hand, the fine aggregate and the cement are mixed (for example, in a kneaded state).
It turned out that there was a difference in color.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】まず、細骨材の色彩と含水率との
相関性についての実験について説明する。図１は、実験
のフローチャートである。実験は、使用細骨材の物性
（比重、吸水率、粗粒率）を測定する工程、試料（細骨
材）を２４時間以上十分に吸水させる工程、赤外線乾燥
機等で吸水させた細骨材を任意の含水率まで乾燥させ室
温になるまで冷ます工程、色差計で色彩を測定、数値化
する工程（明度Ｌ＊，色度ａ＊，色度ｂ＊の数値化）、
測定した試料の含水率を骨材の含水率試験方法（ＪＩＳ
A１１２５）により測定する工程、両測定結果から色
彩と含水率との相関性を検討する工程とからなる。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, an experiment on the correlation between the color of fine aggregate and the water content will be described. FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the experiment. The experiments consisted of the steps of measuring the physical properties (specific gravity, water absorption rate, and coarse particle rate) of the fine aggregate used, the step of sufficiently absorbing the sample (fine aggregate) for at least 24 hours, and the fine bone absorbed by an infrared dryer or the like. Drying the material to the desired moisture content and cooling it down to room temperature, measuring the color with a color difference meter and digitizing it (numericalizing the lightness L *, chromaticity a *, chromaticity b *),
The water content of the measured sample was measured using the water content test method of the aggregate (JIS
A1125) and a step of examining the correlation between color and water content from both measurement results.
【００１０】細骨材は含水状態の変化に伴い、その色彩
が変化する。含水状態に大きな変化がある場合は、肉眼
でも色彩の変化を確認することができるが、含水状態の
微妙な変化に伴う細骨材の色彩変化を肉眼で捕らえるこ
とは困難である。そこで、測定が簡便である色差計を用
いて、含水率の変化に伴う色彩の変化を捕らえる。図２
に示すように、測定の際には試料に対して、色差計を
直接付けて測定するものと、ガラス（１０ｃｍＸ１０
ｃｍ，厚さ約２ｍｍ）を通して測定する二通りの方法で
行う。[0010] The color of the fine aggregate changes with the change of the water content. When there is a large change in the water-containing state, the color change can be confirmed with the naked eye, but it is difficult to catch the color change of the fine aggregate due to the subtle change in the water-containing state with the naked eye. Therefore, a change in color due to a change in water content is captured using a color difference meter that is easy to measure. FIG.
As shown in the figure, when the measurement was performed, the sample was measured by directly attaching a color difference meter to the sample, and glass (10 cm × 10
cm, a thickness of about 2 mm).
【００１１】色差計では測定対象の色彩を数値化して読
み取ることができ、色差計で測定される色彩は「Ｌ＊色
度ａ色度ｂ＊表色系（エルスター・エースター・ビース
ター）」によって表される。「Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系」は
色空間立体イメージで表され、（Ｌ＊）は明度を示し、
１００（白）〜０（黒）へと暗くなっていく。（ａ
＊）、（ｂ＊）は色度を示し、（ａ＊）は＋６０（赤）
〜―６０（緑）への変化を、（ｂ＊）は＋６０（黄）〜
―６０（青）への変化を示す。The color of the color to be measured can be digitized and read by the color difference meter, and the color measured by the color difference meter is “L * chromaticity a chromaticity b * color system (Elster-Aster-Beestar)”. Represented by “L * a * b * color system” is represented by a color space stereoscopic image, (L *) indicates lightness,
Darkening from 100 (white) to 0 (black). (A
*) And (b *) indicate chromaticity, and (a *) is +60 (red)
Change to -60 (green), (b *) +60 (yellow)
Indicates a change to -60 (blue).
【００１２】「Ｌ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系」では色彩を以下の
式で数値化する。In the "L * a * b * color system", colors are quantified by the following equations.
【数１】 Ｘ，Ｙ，Ｚは試料のＸＹＺ表色系における三刺激値であ
る。Ｘｎ，Ｙｎ，Ｚｎは完全拡散反射面の三刺激値であ
る。Ｘ／Ｘｎ，Y／Ｙｎ，Ｚ／Ｚｎ＞０．００８８５６
を満たさないものがある場合は次の式で置き換えて計算
する。(Equation 1) X, Y, and Z are tristimulus values of the sample in the XYZ color system. Xn, Yn, and Zn are tristimulus values of the perfect diffuse reflection surface. X / Xn, Y / Yn, Z / Zn> 0.008856
If there is something that does not satisfy the equation, it is calculated by replacing it with the following equation.
【数２】 (Equation 2)
【００１３】実験に用いた色差計の使用は表１のとおり
である。The use of the color difference meter used in the experiment is as shown in Table 1.
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１４】色差計の測定原理について図３に示す。図
のものでは、照明受光光学系８／Ｄ，ＳＣＥを用いてお
り、試料面に対して８°の角度方向より照明し、試料面
で反射した光が積分球で拡散され、試料測定センサ（シ
リコンフォルム）で受光される。照明光の一部は、光源
モニタ用センサにも取り込まれ、光源のわずかな変動を
補正している。FIG. 3 shows the measurement principle of the color difference meter. In the figure, the illumination light receiving optical system 8 / D, SCE is used, and the sample surface is illuminated from an angle direction of 8 °, the light reflected on the sample surface is diffused by the integrating sphere, and the sample measurement sensor ( (Silicon form). Part of the illumination light is also captured by the light source monitoring sensor, and corrects for slight fluctuations in the light source.
【００１５】使用骨材は、茨城県結城産、山口県豊浦
産、オーストラリア産の３種類である。これらの物性を
表２に示す。There are three types of aggregate used: Yuki, Ibaraki, Toyoura, Yamaguchi, and Australia. Table 2 shows these physical properties.
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１６】実験結果を図４乃至図１３に示す。これら
の実験から得られたことは、色の三次元要素のうち含水
率変化と相関性があるのは明るさ・明度（Ｌ＊）である
ということである。また、相関性は、特に、含水率約１
％〜約４％付近での変化において見受けられ、それより
含水率が高くなる場合には、含水率変化による明度（Ｌ
＊）の変化の幅が小さくなることがわかった。色度変化
と含水率変化との相関性は低いものと考えられる。The experimental results are shown in FIGS. these
The results of this experiment show that the three-dimensional
Brightness / brightness (L*)
That's what it means. In addition, the correlation is, in particular, a water content of about 1
Between about 4% and about 4%,
When the water content increases, the lightness (L
*) Was found to have a smaller width of change. Chromaticity change
It is considered that the correlation between the water content and the change in water content is low.
【００１７】また、ガラスを通して測定した数値のほう
が試料と接触させて測定した数値よりもばらつきが小さ
いことがわかった。これは、色差計を試料に接触させる
時に、試料に対して色差計が垂直に接触していない、あ
るいは試料に接触しすぎている（埋まってしまう）等の
理由によるものと考えられる。ガラスを試料に押し付け
ることにより細骨材表面の粒子による凹凸がなくなり、
ばらつきが抑えられるものと考えられる。It was also found that the value measured through the glass had less variation than the value measured by contact with the sample. This is considered to be due to the reason that the color difference meter is not in vertical contact with the sample when the color difference meter is brought into contact with the sample, or the color difference meter is too in contact with (filled in) the sample. By pressing the glass against the sample, irregularities due to particles on the fine aggregate surface are eliminated,
It is considered that the variation is suppressed.
【００１８】次に、セメントと細骨材の「から練り」状
態における細骨材の含水率と色彩との相関性について説
明する。前述したように、細骨材の含水率の変化は明度
（Ｌ＊）と相関性がある。しかしながら、その変化は、
特に含水率約１％〜約４％付近での変化において見受け
られ、それより含水率が高くなる場合には、含水率変化
による明度（Ｌ＊）の変化の幅が小さくなり、明度（Ｌ
＊）での含水率の測定には限界が出てくる可能性があ
る。しかし、プラントにおける含水率管理の場合、さら
に含水率の高い細骨材の使用が予想されることから、さ
らなる測定方法が必要となる。そこで、創案した手法
が、セメントと細骨材とを「から練り」状態にして、色
彩の変化を測定する手法である。セメントとして普通ポ
ルトランドセメント、細骨材として茨城県結城産を用い
て実験を行った。Next, the correlation between the water content and the color of the fine aggregate in the “kneaded” state of the cement and the fine aggregate will be described. As described above, the change in the water content of the fine aggregate has a correlation with the lightness (L * ). However, the change is
In particular, it is observed in a change in the water content in the vicinity of about 1% to about 4%. When the water content is higher than that, the width of the change in the lightness (L * ) due to the change in the water content is small, and the lightness (L
* ) There is a possibility that the measurement of the moisture content in) may have limitations. However, in the case of water content management in a plant, a finer aggregate having a higher water content is expected to be used, so that a further measurement method is required. Thus, the invented method is a method of measuring a change in color by setting cement and fine aggregate in a “kneaded state”. The experiment was conducted using ordinary Portland cement as cement and fine aggregate from Yuki, Ibaraki prefecture.
【００１９】「から練り」におけるセメントは、普通ポ
ルトランドセメント（比重：３．１５）を使用し、使用
するセメントの色差計による測定結果を表３に示す。As the cement in "Kara-kneading", ordinary Portland cement (specific gravity: 3.15) was used. Table 3 shows the measurement results of the cement used by a color difference meter.
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２０】「から練り」には、４リッター練りバッチ
ミキサを使用する。練り混ぜは、細骨材―セメント−細
骨材の順に３層に分けて混入させ、攪拌時間は１分間と
した。攪拌後、直ちに「から練り」後の細骨材とセメン
トの色彩を色差計で測定する。「から練り」における配
合を、表４に示す。For "Kara kneading", a 4-liter kneading batch mixer is used. The kneading was divided into three layers in the order of fine aggregate-cement-fine aggregate and mixed, and the stirring time was 1 minute. Immediately after stirring, the color of the fine aggregate and the cement after “kneading” is measured with a color difference meter. Table 4 shows the composition in "Kara-kneading".
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００２１】実験結果について説明する。実配合想定、
Ｗ／Ｃ＝５０％、ｓ／ａ＝４４．６％、セメント／細骨
材＝２７／７３（重量比）における含水率変化による色
彩の変化との関係を、色空間立体イメージの各成分別
（明度（Ｌ＊）、色度（ａ＊）、色度（ｂ＊））に分け
て、図１４、図１５、図１６にそれぞれ示す。The experimental results will be described. Assumed actual formulation,
W / C = 50%, s / a = 44.6%, cement / fine aggregate = 27/73 (weight ratio) The relationship with the change in color due to the change in water content is shown for each component of the color space stereoscopic image. (Brightness (L * ), chromaticity (a * ), chromaticity (b * )) are shown in FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, respectively.
【００２２】図１７から、セメントと細骨材との「から
練り」状態における色彩変化と含水率との間には、細骨
材の場合と同じように、明度（Ｌ＊）の変化に相関性が
あることがわかった。また、細骨材単体だけの変化が４
％付近で限界を迎えているのに対して、「から練り」状
態の場合、その測定範囲は含水率１０％以上に達しても
精度良く相関性が得られた（図 参照）。また、彩度
（（色度（ａ＊）、色度（ｂ＊））の変化については、
色度（ａ＊）に関しては図 から考えて、相関性を見出
すまでには至らなかったが。色度（ｂ＊）に関しては含
水率約５％をピークに近似曲線は下降を示している。From FIG. 17, it can be seen that between the color change and the water content of the cement and the fine aggregate in the “kneaded” state, as in the case of the fine aggregate, there is a correlation with the change in lightness (L * ). I found that there is. The change of fine aggregate alone was 4
%, The limit was reached in the vicinity, while in the case of the “kneaded” state, the correlation was obtained with high accuracy even when the measurement range reached a water content of 10% or more (see the figure). For the change in saturation ((chromaticity (a * ), chromaticity (b * )),
As for the chromaticity (a * ), considering the figure, it was not possible to find a correlation. With respect to the chromaticity (b * ), the approximate curve shows a peak with a water content of about 5%.
【００２３】また、「から練り」状態にすることで、１
測点の測定回数（１０回による明度（Ｌ＊）のばらつき
が小さくなった。セメントは色彩が略一定（単色）であ
り、「から練り」の場合はセメントに含水する色彩変化
が示されるため、ミキサ等で均一に攪拌されていれば、
「から練り」の色彩変化は一様な値を示す。[0023] In addition, by setting the state to "kneading", 1
Variation in the lightness (L * ) due to the number of measurement of the measurement points (10 times became small. The color of cement is almost constant (single color), and the color change of water contained in cement is shown in the case of "Kara-kneading". , If uniformly stirred with a mixer, etc.
The color change of “kara kneading” shows a uniform value.
【００２４】「ガラスあり」と「直接」を比較しても明
度（Ｌ＊）のばらつきに相違が認められない。セメント
の色彩が一定であることに加え、セメントと細骨材の
「から練り」状態の試料は、細骨材だけの場合と比較し
て、セメントが含水することでわずかに粘性を帯びてい
るために粒子による間隙が少なくなった（密になった）
ためと考えられる。Even if "with glass" is compared with "directly", no difference is observed in the variation of the lightness (L * ). In addition to the constant color of the cement, the sample in the “kneaded” state of cement and fine aggregate is slightly more viscous due to the water content of the cement compared to the case of fine aggregate alone Reduced gaps (dense) due to particles
It is thought to be.
【００２５】次に、コンクリート用細骨材の含水率測定
システムについて説明する。使用する細骨材によって明
度（Ｌ＊）の示す変化の値は異なるので、プラントで使
用する細骨材ごとに、明度の数値と含水率との相関デー
タを取得する。すなわち、細骨材（産地別等）につい
て、含水量を異ならしめて明度（Ｌ＊）を複数ポイント
で取得する。手法としては、実験で行った方法を採用す
ることができるが、できるだけ多くの点で連続的なデー
タを取得する。そして明度に対応して、細骨材の含水率
を測定して、明度と含水率との相関関係を相関データと
して保有する。例として結城産細骨材に係る色彩と含水
率との相関性データの一部を図１８に示す。Next, a system for measuring the water content of fine aggregate for concrete will be described. Since the value of the change indicated by the lightness (L * ) differs depending on the fine aggregate used, correlation data between the numerical value of the lightness and the water content is acquired for each fine aggregate used in the plant. That is, lightness (L * ) is obtained at a plurality of points for fine aggregates (for each production area, etc.) with different water contents. As a method, a method used in an experiment can be adopted, but continuous data is acquired at as many points as possible. Then, the water content of the fine aggregate is measured in accordance with the lightness, and the correlation between the lightness and the water content is held as correlation data. As an example, FIG. 18 shows part of the correlation data between the color and the water content of the fine aggregate from Yuki.
【００２６】試料が細骨材とセメントの「から練り」で
ある場合には、使用する細骨材およびセメント（種類
別）を所定の混合比率（重量比が好ましい）で均一に攪
拌混合したセメント細骨材混合材について、細骨材の含
水量を異ならしめて明度（Ｌ＊）を複数ポイントで取得
する。混合材の明度の測定はできるだけ多くの点で連続
的に取得する。そして明度に対応して、細骨材の含水率
を測定して、明度と含水率との相関関係を相関データと
して保有する。When the sample is "kneaded" of fine aggregate and cement, a cement obtained by uniformly stirring and mixing the fine aggregate to be used and the cement (by type) at a predetermined mixing ratio (preferably a weight ratio). With respect to the fine aggregate mixture, the lightness (L * ) is acquired at a plurality of points by varying the water content of the fine aggregate. The measurement of the brightness of the mixture is obtained continuously at as many points as possible. Then, the water content of the fine aggregate is measured in accordance with the lightness, and the correlation between the lightness and the water content is held as correlation data.
【００２７】次いで、実際に使用する細骨材について、
色差計を用いて明度を測定する。測定は、相関データを
取得した際の測定条件に合わせて行う（明るさ・測定ス
タイル等）。したがって、相関データを取得する際に
は、予め、一般に測定する条件、使用され得る細骨材別
について複数のデータを取得用意しておく。そして、明
度の測定値と相関データとを照らし合わせて、使用する
細骨材の含水率を得る。含水率は、演算手段によって計
算してもよいし、あるいは図１８に示すようなテーブル
を用意しておき、そこから直接読み取ってもよい。Next, regarding the fine aggregate actually used,
The lightness is measured using a color difference meter. The measurement is performed in accordance with the measurement conditions when the correlation data was obtained (brightness, measurement style, etc.). Therefore, when acquiring the correlation data, a plurality of data are prepared in advance for the conditions to be generally measured and for each fine aggregate that can be used. Then, the water content of the fine aggregate to be used is obtained by comparing the measured value of the brightness with the correlation data. The water content may be calculated by the calculating means, or a table as shown in FIG. 18 may be prepared and read directly therefrom.
【００２８】[0028]
【実施例】上述したように細骨材は水分を含むと色彩が
変化することに着目し、先ず、比較的安価で操作が簡便
な「色差計」を用いて明度と含水率の関係について実験
を行なった。ついで、測定間距離をおいて用いることが
できる「輝度計」を用いて輝度と含水率の関係について
実験を行なった。実施の形態においては明度の測定を中
心に述べて来たが、色差計を用いて明度を測定する場合
には、色差計と細骨材との距離が離れると良好な測定結
果が得られないことがわかった。これに対して、非接触
で色彩を測定する場合には、輝度計が有利であることが
判った。Focusing on the fact that the fine aggregate changes its color when it contains water as described above, first, an experiment was conducted on the relationship between lightness and water content using a "color difference meter" which is relatively inexpensive and easy to operate. Was performed. Next, an experiment was conducted on the relationship between luminance and water content using a “luminance meter” that can be used with a distance between measurements. In the embodiment, the measurement of lightness has been mainly described, but when measuring the lightness using a color difference meter, a good measurement result cannot be obtained when the distance between the color difference meter and the fine aggregate is large. I understand. On the other hand, it has been found that a luminance meter is advantageous when color is measured in a non-contact manner.
【００２９】［使用材料］実験では２種類の細骨材（茨
城県・鬼怒川産、静岡県・富士川産）を使用し、セメン
トは普通ポルトランドセメントを使用した。これらの細
骨材の物性を表５に示す。[Materials Used] In the experiment, two types of fine aggregates (from Kinugawa, Ibaraki Prefecture, and Fujikawa, Shizuoka Prefecture) were used, and ordinary Portland cement was used as the cement. Table 5 shows the physical properties of these fine aggregates.
【表５】 [Table 5]
【００３０】［試験方法］細骨材を任意の含水状態まで
乾燥させて、その明度、輝度を測定する。接触型である
色差計の測定は１試料につき５測点で行った。また、輝
度計の測定は、暗室（縦４６ｃｍ×横６７．５ｃｍ×高
さ１２４ｃｍ）の中に試料を入れ、距離を一定（１２０
ｃｍ）にして、明るさ（照度９を４水準変化させ測定し
た。測定は１試料につき５測点で行なった。尚、本明細
書におけるグラフはいずれも平均値によるものである。[Test Method] The fine aggregate is dried to an arbitrary water-containing state, and its brightness and luminance are measured. The contact type color difference meter was measured at 5 measurement points per sample. In addition, the measurement of the luminance meter was performed by placing a sample in a dark room (46 cm long × 67.5 cm wide × 124 cm high) and keeping the distance constant (120 cm).
cm), and measured by changing the brightness (illuminance 9 by 4 levels. The measurement was performed at 5 measurement points per sample. In this specification, all graphs are based on average values.
【００３１】［色差計を用いた細骨材の明度と含水率と
の関係］図１９より各細骨材の含水率と明度の関係を示
す。尚、図では標準砂と旧標準砂との関係も示した。図
１９から含水率０％〜約３％の範囲において含水率と明
度との相関がほぼ直線であるが、いずれの細骨材もそれ
以後の高い含水率では明度はほぼ一定で、含水率の判定
は難しい。一般に、プラントにおいては含水率がさらに
高い状態で使用されると考えられる。そこでセメントと
細骨材の「から練り」状態で測定を行い、その結果を図
２０、図２１に示す。セメント／細骨材（以下、Ｃ／
Ｓ）を実際のコンクリートの配合を考慮し、１００／８
００〜５００／８００（重量比）とした。図２０、図２
１に示すように、Ｃ／Ｓ＝２００／８００〜５００／８
００においては、含水率が１０％近傍でも明度と含水率
との関係は直線式となり高い相関性が得られた。[Relationship between Lightness and Light Content of Fine Aggregate Using Color Difference Meter] FIG. 19 shows the relationship between the water content and lightness of each fine aggregate. The figure also shows the relationship between standard sand and old standard sand. From FIG. 19, the correlation between the water content and the lightness is almost linear in the range of the water content of 0% to about 3%. Judgment is difficult. Generally, it is considered that a plant is used with a higher moisture content. Therefore, the measurement was performed in a state of “kneading” of cement and fine aggregate, and the results are shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. Cement / fine aggregate (C /
S) is calculated as 100/8 in consideration of the actual concrete composition.
00 to 500/800 (weight ratio). FIG. 20, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, C / S = 200/800 to 500/8
In the case of 00, even when the water content was around 10%, the relationship between the brightness and the water content became a linear equation, and a high correlation was obtained.
【００３２】［輝度計を用いた細骨材の輝度と含水率と
の関係］次に非接触型の輝度計による結果を示す。図２
２に細骨材だけの含水率と輝度との結果を示す。図２２
より細骨材の含水率と輝度との関係は、色差計による測
定と同様に含水率０％〜約４％の範囲内で直線関係を示
すが、それ以後の含水率と輝度との関係はほぼ一定で判
別できない。尚、事前に白色校正すると明るさを変化さ
せてもほぼ同一な値を示すことがわかった。したがっ
て、輝度計における測定は白色校正を行なうことによ
り、一般に使用される明るさ内ではいずれも測定が可能
である。[Relationship between Luminance and Water Content of Fine Aggregate Using Luminance Meter] The results obtained by a non-contact luminance meter will now be described. FIG.
Fig. 2 shows the results of the water content and the brightness of only the fine aggregate. FIG.
The relationship between the water content and the brightness of the finer aggregates shows a linear relationship within the range of 0% to about 4% as in the measurement by the color difference meter, but the relationship between the water content and the brightness thereafter is as follows. It is almost constant and cannot be determined. In addition, it was found that when the whiteness was calibrated in advance, almost the same value was obtained even when the brightness was changed. Therefore, any measurement within a commonly used brightness can be performed by performing white calibration for the measurement with the luminance meter.
【００３３】色差計の測定と同様に「から練り」状態で
の輝度と含水率の関係について検討を行なった。図２３
は、４水準の明るさのうち１００Ｗ（照度１８６ルク
ス）における「から練り」状態の一例である。「から練
り」状態における輝度と含水率の関係も色差計の測定と
同様な傾向を示した。このことから輝度計による測定に
おいても、１０％近傍迄の含水率の測定が可能であるこ
とが確認できた。Similar to the measurement by the color difference meter, the relationship between the luminance and the water content in the “kneaded” state was examined. FIG.
Is an example of a “kneading” state at 100 W (illuminance: 186 lux) among the four levels of brightness. The relationship between the luminance and the water content in the “kneaded” state also showed the same tendency as that measured by the color difference meter. From this, it was confirmed that the measurement of the water content up to around 10% was possible even in the measurement with the luminance meter.
【００３４】以上のことから、Ｃ／Ｓ＝２００／８００
〜５００／８００の範囲内での輝度および明度と含水率
との関係式を以下に示す。From the above, C / S = 200/800
The relational expression between the luminance and the brightness and the water content within the range of 500 to 800 is shown below.
【数３】 上記式について説明する。Ｃ／Ｓ＝２００／８００と５
００／８００の傾きがほぼ等しい時、Ｃ／Ｓ＝２００／
８００〜５００／８００の範囲内においてＣ／Ｓを変化
させた場合、明度あるいは輝度とＣ／Ｓの関係から含水
率が求められる。まず、Ｃ／Ｓと傾きａはａ＝ｋ１（Ｃ
／Ｓ）＋ｄ１から表され、Ｃ／Ｓと切片ｂはｂ＝ｋ
２（Ｃ／Ｓ）＋ｄ２から表される。ここで、明度
（L＊）あるいは輝度（Ｙ）と含水率との関係は、L＊あ
るいはY＝ａω＋ｂで表される。これら三つの式から、
前記式［１］が得られる。図２４にＣ／Ｓ＝３００／８
００における提案式を用いた推定値と実験値の相関性の
一例を示す。また、図２５は定数ｋ１、ｄ１、ｋ２、ｄ
２を求めるために予備的に作製したグラフを表してい
る。(Equation 3) The above equation will be described. C / S = 200/800 and 5
When the slopes of 00/800 are almost equal, C / S = 200 /
When C / S is changed within the range of 800 to 500/800, the water content is determined from the relationship between brightness or luminance and C / S. First, C / S and slope a are represented by a = k 1 (C
/ S) + d 1 where C / S and intercept b are b = k
Represented by 2 (C / S) + d 2. Here, the relationship between lightness (L * ) or luminance (Y) and the water content is represented by L * or Y = aω + b. From these three equations,
The above formula [1] is obtained. FIG. 24 shows C / S = 300/8.
An example of the correlation between the estimated value and the experimental value using the proposed formula at 00 is shown. FIG. 25 shows constants k 1 , d 1 , k 2 , d
2 shows a graph prepared in advance to obtain 2 .
【００３５】[0035]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、細骨材の含水率を簡便
な方法かつ経済的に測定することができる。特に、含水
率が高くなった状態においては、細骨材とセメントとを
混合させたセメント細骨材混合材を用いて色彩を測定す
ることで、より広範囲にわたって細骨材の含水率を求め
ることが可能である。According to the present invention, the moisture content of fine aggregate can be measured in a simple and economical manner. In particular, when the water content is high, determine the moisture content of the fine aggregate over a wider range by measuring the color using a cement fine aggregate mixture obtained by mixing the fine aggregate and cement. Is possible.
【図１】実験システムのフローチャートである。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an experimental system.
【図２】色差計の測定方法を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a measurement method of a color difference meter.
【図３】色差計の測定原理を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a measurement principle of a color difference meter.
【図４】明度Ｌ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（結城産
１０測点）である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the correlation between the lightness L * and the water content (10 points from Yuki).
【図５】色度ａ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（結城産
１０測点）である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the correlation between chromaticity a * and water content (10 points from Yuki).
【図６】色度ｂ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（結城産
１０測点）である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the correlation between chromaticity b * and water content (Yuki 10 points).
【図７】明度Ｌ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（豊浦産
１０測点）である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a correlation between lightness L * and water content (10 stations from Toyoura).
【図８】色度ａ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（豊浦産
１０測点）である。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the correlation between chromaticity a * and water content (10 measurement points from Toyoura).
【図９】色度ｂ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（豊浦産
１０測点）である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the correlation between chromaticity b * and water content (10 points from Toyoura).
【図１０】明度Ｌ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（オー
ストラリア産 １０測点）である。FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the correlation between the lightness L * and the water content (Australia 10 measuring points).
【図１１】色度ａ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（オー
ストラリア産 １０測点）である。FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the correlation between chromaticity a * and water content (Australia: 10 measurement points).
【図１２】色度ｂ＊と含水率との相関性を示す図（オー
ストラリア産 １０測点）である。FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the correlation between chromaticity b * and water content (Australia: 10 measuring points).
【図１３】各細骨材の明度Ｌ＊と含水率との相関性を示
す図であり、黒点はフローコーンによって作成した表乾
状態を示す。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the correlation between the lightness L * of each fine aggregate and the water content, and the black dots indicate the surface dry state created by the flow cone.
【図１４】「から練り」状態における明度Ｌ＊と含水率
との相関性を示す図である。FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the correlation between the lightness L * and the water content in the “kneaded” state.
【図１５】「から練り」状態における色度ａ＊と含水率
との相関性を示す図である。FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the correlation between the chromaticity a * and the water content in a “kneaded” state.
【図１６】「から練り」状態における色度ｂ＊と含水率
との相関性を示す図である。FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the correlation between the chromaticity b * and the water content in a “kneaded” state.
【図１７】細骨材と「から練り」との比較（結城産）を
示す図である。FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a comparison (from Yuki) of fine aggregate and “kara-knea”.
【図１８】色彩と含水率との相関性データ（結城産細骨
材）を示す図である。FIG. 18 is a diagram showing correlation data (fine aggregate from Yuki) between color and water content.
【図１９】各種細骨材の含水率と明度との関係を示す図
である。FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the relationship between the water content and lightness of various fine aggregates.
【図２０】鬼怒川産細骨材「から練り」状態における含
水率と明度との関係を示す図である。FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the relationship between moisture content and lightness in the state of fine aggregate “Kara-kneaded” from Kinugawa.
【図２１】富士川産細骨材「から練り」状態における含
水率と明度との関係を示す図である。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the relationship between moisture content and lightness in the state of fine aggregate produced from Fujikawa “Kara-kneaded”.
【図２２】各種の照度による鬼怒川産細骨材の含水率と
輝度との関係を示す図である。FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between the water content and the luminance of fine aggregate from Kinugawa at various illuminance levels.
【図２３】鬼怒川産細骨材「から練り」状態における含
水率と輝度との関係を示す図である（電球：１００
Ｗ）。FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the relationship between the water content and the brightness in the state of fine aggregate “Kara-kneaded” from Kinugawa (light bulb: 100).
W).
【図２４】推定値と実験値との相関性を示す図である。FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a correlation between an estimated value and an experimental value.
【図２５】式［１］における定数を求めるための説明図
である。FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram for obtaining a constant in Expression [1].
Claims (9)
る工程と、（ｂ）前記工程によって測定された測定値
と、該細骨材に関する数値と含水率との相関データとか
ら該細骨材の含水率を得る工程と、を有することを特徴
とするコンクリート用細骨材の含水率測定方法。(A) measuring the lightness or luminance of the fine aggregate; and (b) measuring the lightness or luminance of the fine aggregate, and the correlation data between the numerical value relating to the fine aggregate and the water content. Obtaining a moisture content of the fine aggregate, a method for measuring the moisture content of the fine aggregate for concrete, comprising:
ト細骨材混合材を得る工程と、（ｂ）該セメント細骨材
混合材の色を測定し数値化する工程と、（ｃ）前記工程
によって測定された測定値と、該セメント細骨材混合材
に関する数値と含水率との相関データとから該細骨材の
含水率を得る工程と、からなることを特徴とするコンク
リート用細骨材の含水率測定方法。(A) mixing fine aggregate and cement to obtain a cement fine aggregate mixture; (b) measuring the color of the cement fine aggregate mixture and digitizing it; c) a step of obtaining the water content of the fine aggregate from the measured value measured in the above step and correlation data between the numerical value and the water content of the cement fine aggregate mixture. For measuring the moisture content of fine aggregates for use.
材は細骨材とセメントを「から練り」したものであるこ
とを特徴とするコンクリート用細骨材の含水率測定方
法。3. The method for measuring the water content of fine aggregate for concrete according to claim 2, wherein the fine aggregate of cement is obtained by kneading fine aggregate and cement.
ト細骨材混合材の明度あるいは輝度を測定することを特
徴とする含水率測定方法。4. The method for measuring water content according to claim 2, wherein the lightness or brightness of the cement fine aggregate mixture is measured.
定は非接触で行なうことを特徴とする含水率測定方法。5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the color is measured in a non-contact manner.
定は輝度計によって行なうことを特徴とする含水率測定
方法。6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the color is measured by a luminance meter.
値化する色彩測定手段と、該セメント細骨材混合材に関
する数値と含水率との相関データと、該測定手段によっ
て得られた測定値と相関データとから細骨材の含水率を
計算する演算手段とからなることを特徴とするコンクリ
ート用細骨材の含水率測定装置。7. A color measuring means for measuring and quantifying the color of the cement fine aggregate mixture, correlation data between the numerical value and the water content of the cement fine aggregate mixture, and the data obtained by the measuring means. A calculating means for calculating the water content of the fine aggregate from the measured values and the correlation data; and a measuring device for the water content of the fine aggregate for concrete.
あることを特徴とするコンクリート用細骨材の含水率測
定装置。8. An apparatus for measuring the water content of fine aggregate for concrete according to claim 7, wherein said measuring means is a color difference meter.
あることを特徴とするコンクリート用細骨材の含水率測
定装置。9. An apparatus for measuring the water content of fine aggregate for concrete according to claim 7, wherein said measuring means is a luminance meter.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001121826A JP2002014039A (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2001-04-19 | Method and apparatus for measurement of percentage of moisture content of fine aggregate for concrete |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000-123214 | 2000-04-24 | ||
| JP2000123214 | 2000-04-24 | ||
| JP2001121826A JP2002014039A (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2001-04-19 | Method and apparatus for measurement of percentage of moisture content of fine aggregate for concrete |
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| JP2002014039A true JP2002014039A (en) | 2002-01-18 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| JP2006250628A (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-21 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Alkali/silica reactivity testing method of aggregate and quality control method |
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| JP2006250628A (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-21 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Alkali/silica reactivity testing method of aggregate and quality control method |
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| JP2015187556A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-29 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Method of confirming mixing state of mixed powder |
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