JP2002004771A - Shield machine and excavating method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shield machine and an excavating method, by which the size of cut-out and excavated materials to be excavated can be adjusted. SOLUTION: A pedestal 60-1 or the like, on which a preceding bit 72-1 and a succeeding bit 82-1 are fixed, is installed to a link 200. The link 200 is forwarded and retracted in the cross direction between preceding excavated ditches by a jack 220, and width between the preceding excavated ditches is adjusted, thus adjusting the size of cut-off and excavated materials to be excavated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield machine and an excavation method, and more particularly, to a state in which a skeletal structure of soil particles is maintained in an excavation state in the same manner as a ground state (hereinafter referred to as a solid state). The present invention relates to a technique of cutting a ground to a predetermined size or less (hereinafter, referred to as cut-out excavation) and transporting the excavated and excavated solid earth and sand to the outside of the pit by fluid transport.

[0002]

Background Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention
In tunnel excavation using a shield machine or the like, the rotation of the cutter bit destroys the skeletal structure of the excavated ground, and the state is as close as possible to the particle size of the soil particles itself (ie, not in bulk, but in fluid or powder form). It was common to carry it out of the pit by fluid transport or belt conveyor transport.

Therefore, when excavated soil is transported by fluid,
Extensive treatment equipment was required to separate the fluid as a transport medium from the solid content (soil particles) of excavated earth and sand.

[0004] In particular, when excavating a ground containing a large amount of clayey soil, a two-stage treatment facility is required, in which the primary treatment facility classifies coarse particles and the secondary treatment facility further classifies fine particles. In addition, the fine particles subjected to the secondary treatment are treated as industrial waste (sludge). For this reason, there were problems such as an increase in the size of the starting shaft site due to an increase in the scale of the processing equipment and an increase in the processing cost.

[0005] In excavating a consolidation clay soil layer or a large-diameter gravel soil layer or transporting a fluid, a crusher or the like is conventionally used to prevent clogging of transportation facilities such as a drainage pump and a drainage pipe. It had to be equipped with earth and sand crushing equipment. For this reason, there were problems such as an increase in the manufacturing cost of the shield machine and extension of the construction period.

In order to solve these problems, the applicant of the present application has proposed a shield machine and an excavation method for actively collecting excavated earth and sand in a solid state similar to the ground.

When performing such solid recovery, it is necessary to pay attention to the length of the excavated earth and sand transport path and the pump for transporting the excavated earth and sand.

That is, the size of excavated earth and sand that can pass through the inside of the pump changes depending on the number and shape of the impellers inside the pump. The longer the transport path, the greater the pumping force required for the pump near the face,
Use a pump with a large number of blades inside the pump. As the number of blades inside the pump increases, the size of excavated earth and sand that can pass through the pump decreases.

In recent years, long-distance excavation and the like have been carried out more and more, and it is necessary to cut and excavate ground at an optimum size according to the excavation distance. Furthermore, with the excavation,
The nature of the ground to be excavated changes, and it is necessary to cut and excavate the ground to an optimal size according to the nature of the ground.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a shield machine and an excavation method capable of adjusting the size of excavated earth and sand to be cut and excavated.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, a shield machine according to the present invention comprises a plurality of leading bits for forming leading digging grooves on a face at predetermined intervals, and a digging between the leading digging grooves. A shield excavator having a cutter head provided with a plurality of trailing bits for cutting the remaining ground protruding portion, and cutting and excavating the ground on the excavation path in a solid state by rotation of the cutter head; And an inter-lead bit width adjusting means for adjusting and moving at least one of the plurality of preceding bits provided so as to change the formation position of the preceding excavation groove, and digging between the adjusted preceding excavation grooves. And a moving means for a trailing bit for adjusting and moving at least one of the trailing bits provided to cut the remaining ground protrusion.

According to the present invention, the width between the preceding excavation grooves is adjusted, and the trailing bit is adjusted and moved so as to excavate the remaining ground protruding portion between the adjusted preceding excavation grooves. , Suitable cutting excavation can be performed.

That is, the size of the excavated earth and sand to be cut and excavated can be appropriately adjusted according to the soil properties and excavation distance of the ground to be excavated.

In this case, it is preferable that the leading bit is adjusted and moved so that the width between the leading bits is smaller than the trailing bit.

It is preferable that the trailing bit moving means adjusts and moves the trailing bit so that the center of the trailing bit to be cut and excavated is substantially at the center of the ground protrusion.

According to this, the trailing bit surface comes into contact with the entire surface of the protruding portion of the ground to cut out and excavate. Thus, collapse of the ground protrusion can be reduced, and the ground can be collected in a solid state.

As a method of adjusting and moving the following bit, for example, (1) moving the following bit in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves (ie, in the radial direction in the case of a circular cutter), (2) a method of using a plurality of sets of trailing bits that can move back and forth in the excavation direction, and switching the trailing bits to be controlled in the movement of the trailing bits; and (3) providing a rotatable trailing bit attachment part and It is possible to apply a method of attaching a plurality of trailing bits so as to draw different rotation trajectories when rotating the cutter at different rotation angle positions of the part, and switching the trailing bit facing the excavation direction by rotating the attachment part. it can.

It is also possible to provide an adjusting and moving means for simultaneously performing the adjusting and moving of the preceding bit width adjusting means and the adjusting and moving of the following bit moving means.

The trailing bit moving means is provided so as to be movable in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves, and a mounting portion to which at least one of the plurality of trailing bits is fixed, And a drive unit for moving the portion in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves.

According to this, even when the width between the preceding digging grooves is finely adjusted by moving the following bit in the width direction between the preceding digging grooves, the digging position of the following bit is adjusted in accordance with the fine adjustment. Can also be fine-tuned. Thereby, the size of the excavated material to be cut and excavated can be finely adjusted.

According to this, since the trailing bit is fixed to the mounting portion, the stability at the time of cutout excavation and the adjustment movement is improved.

As such a driving means, for example, means for driving the mounting portion using a link mechanism, means for driving using a jack for driving each mounting portion, and the like can be applied.

[0023] Further, the trailing bit moving means includes a rotary mounting portion rotatably provided on the cutter head,
Rotation driving means for driving the rotation mounting portion, the plurality of following bits, the trailing excavation trajectory of each set of subsequent bit groups is different from each other at the rotation center of the rotation mounting portion It is preferable that a plurality of sets of trailing bits provided at different phase angles and at different positions with respect to the trajectory at the time of trailing excavation with respect to the rotation center of the cutter head are included.

[0024] According to this, the rotary mounting portion is rotationally driven so that the bit tip of the following bit group of a certain set is directed in the excavation direction, so that the excavation is performed using the following bit group of the set. I can do it. Then, when the preceding excavation width is adjusted, by rotating and driving the rotary mounting portion so that the bit tip of the subsequent bit group of another set that matches the adjusted preceding excavation width is oriented in the excavation direction, It is possible to cut out and excavate an appropriate size using the subsequent bit group of the other set.

Thus, even when the width between the preceding excavation grooves is adjusted, the excavation can be performed comfortably by using the following bit group corresponding to the width.

Further, by providing a plurality of sets of trailing bit groups and switching the trailing bit groups for excavation, the excavation can be efficiently performed without being affected by wear of the bits. That is, in the case of excavation over a long distance, the leading bit and the following bit may be worn and the excavation performance may be reduced. Therefore, the formation position of the preceding excavation groove is changed (the width between the preceding excavation grooves may or may not be changed), and the succeeding bit group is appropriately switched accordingly (a new non-wearing bit). By performing the cutting excavation using the succeeding bit group), the cutting excavation can be performed efficiently and in an appropriate size.

The trailing bit moving means includes at least one reciprocating attachment portion provided on the cutter head so as to be capable of reciprocating, and reciprocating driving means for selectively driving the reciprocating attaching portion to reciprocate in the digging direction. , And the plurality of trailing bits preferably include a plurality of sets of trailing bits provided on the advancing and retracting attachment portion so that trailing excavation trajectories are different from each other.

According to this, the mounting portion having a plurality of preceding bits arranged so as to have a predetermined interval between the preceding excavation grooves is moved in the excavation direction, and the preceding excavation is performed using the preceding bits, and By evacuating the mounting portion having a plurality of leading bits arranged at intervals different from that of the preceding digging, the preceding digging can be performed at the interval between the predetermined preceding digging grooves. Then, by retracting the mounting portion and moving the mounting portion in which a plurality of preceding bits are arranged in the excavation direction so as to have a different interval from the interval, and performing pre-excavation, the interval of the preceding excavation groove is adjusted. Can be
It can be cut and excavated in an appropriate size.

Further, according to this, the depth of the preceding excavation groove can be adjusted by moving the mounting portion in the depth direction of the preceding excavation groove. Thereby, it is possible to cut and excavate in an optimum size according to the properties of the ground to be excavated and the excavation distance.

Further, the preceding bit width adjusting means is provided movably in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves, and a mounting portion to which at least one of the plurality of preceding bits is fixedly mounted, And a driving means for moving the first in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves.

According to this, by moving the preceding bit in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves, the width between the preceding excavation grooves can be easily finely adjusted. Thereby, the size of the excavated material to be cut and excavated can be adjusted.

According to this, the leading bit is fixed to the mounting portion, so that stability during leading digging and adjustment movement is improved.

As such a driving means, for example, means for driving the mounting portion using a link mechanism, means for driving using a jack for driving each mounting portion, and the like can be applied.

[0034] Further, the preceding bit width adjusting means includes: a rotary mounting portion rotatably provided on the cutter head; and rotation driving means for driving the rotary mounting portion to rotate. It is preferable that a plurality of sets of preceding bit groups provided at different rotation angle positions of the rotary mounting portion such that the widths between the preceding excavation grooves of the respective sets of preceding bit groups are different from each other.

Thus, the width between the preceding excavation grooves can be quickly adjusted by the rotation.

Further, by providing a plurality of sets of preceding bit groups and switching the preceding bit group to be excavated, the excavation can be efficiently performed without being affected by wear of the bits. In other words, when it is necessary to adjust the width between the preceding excavation grooves, it is mainly when excavation for a long distance is performed to some extent,
The bits are also worn. In this state, by applying a new wear bit that is not worn to adjust the width between the preceding excavation grooves for excavation, it is possible to efficiently excavate without being affected by the wear of the bit.

Further, the preceding bit width adjusting means includes at least one of the cutter heads provided so as to be able to advance and retreat.
Two reciprocating attachment portions, and reciprocating drive means for selectively reciprocatingly driving the reciprocating attachment portions in the excavation direction, wherein the plurality of leading bits have different widths between the preceding excavation grooves. It is preferable that a plurality of sets of preceding bits provided in the attachment portion are included.

According to this, the advance / retreat mounting portion having a plurality of preceding bits arranged so as to have a predetermined interval between the preceding excavation grooves is moved in the excavation direction, and the preceding excavation is performed using the preceding bits. By retracting the advance / retreat mounting portion having a plurality of leading bits arranged at intervals different from the interval, the preceding excavation can be performed at the interval between the predetermined preceding excavation grooves. Then, by retracting the advancing / retreating attachment portion and moving the advancing / retreating attachment portion in which a plurality of preceding bits are arranged in the excavation direction so as to be at an interval different from the interval and performing the advance excavation, the space between the preceding excavation grooves is obtained. The interval can be adjusted, and cut and excavated in an appropriate size.

According to this, the depth of the preceding excavation groove can be adjusted by moving the advance / retreat mounting portion in the depth direction of the preceding excavation groove. Thereby, it is possible to cut and excavate in an optimum size according to the properties of the ground to be excavated and the excavation distance.

Further, in the excavation method according to the present invention, a plurality of preceding bits for forming preceding excavation grooves on the face at predetermined intervals, and a method for cutting the remaining ground protruding portion between the preceding excavation grooves. An excavation method comprising: a cutter head having a plurality of trailing bits; and cutting and excavating a ground in an excavation path in a solid state by rotation of the cutter head,
A preceding bit width adjusting step of adjusting and moving at least one of the plurality of preceding bits so as to adjust the width between the preceding drilling grooves; and a remaining ground convex portion between the adjusted preceding drilling grooves. And moving the at least one of the plurality of succeeding bits so as to cut the following bits.

According to the present invention, the width between the preceding excavation grooves is adjusted, and the trailing bit is adjusted and moved so as to excavate the remaining ground protruding portion between the adjusted preceding excavation grooves. , Suitable cutting excavation can be performed.

That is, the size of the excavated earth and sand to be cut and excavated can be appropriately adjusted according to the soil properties and excavation distance of the ground to be excavated.

The method of adjusting and moving the following bit includes, for example, (1) moving the following bit in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves (ie, in the radial direction in the case of a circular cutter). (2) a method of using a plurality of sets of trailing bits that can move back and forth in the excavation direction and switching the trailing bits to be controlled in the movement of the trailing bits, and (3) providing a rotatable trailing bit attachment section and At a different rotation angle position of the part, a plurality of trailing bits are attached so as to draw different rotation trajectories at the time of cutter rotation, and a method of switching the trailing bit facing the excavation direction by rotating the attachment part may be applied. it can.

It is preferable that the following bit moving step includes a step of moving at least one of the plurality of following bits in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves.

According to this, even when the width between the preceding excavation grooves is finely adjusted by moving in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves, the subsequent excavation bit can be finely adjusted in accordance with the fine adjustment. it can. Thereby, the size of the excavated material to be cut and excavated can be finely adjusted.

The plurality of trailing bits include a plurality of sets of trailing bits formed so that trailing excavation trajectories are different from each other. Preferably, the method includes a step of selecting at least one set of subsequent bits to be executed.

According to this, by performing the adjusting movement so that the bit tip of the following bit group of a certain group is directed to the excavation direction, it is possible to cut out and excavate using the following bit group of the set. Then, when the preceding excavation width is adjusted, the excavation is performed by using the following bit group of another set by performing an adjustment movement so that the bit tip of the subsequent bit group of another set is directed to the excavation direction. Can be performed.

As a result, even when the width between the preceding excavation grooves is adjusted, the excavation can be performed comfortably using the following bit group according to the width.

Further, by providing a plurality of sets of trailing bit groups and switching the trailing bit groups for excavation, the excavation can be efficiently performed without being affected by wear of the bits. In other words, when it is necessary to adjust the width between the preceding excavation grooves, it is mainly when excavation for a long distance is performed to some extent,
The bits are also worn. In this state, by adjusting the width between the preceding excavation grooves and applying a new trailing bit that is not worn to the excavation, it is possible to efficiently excavate without being affected by the wear of the bit.

Preferably, the preceding bit width adjusting step includes a step of moving at least one of the plurality of preceding bits in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves.

According to this, the width between the preceding excavation grooves can be easily finely adjusted by moving the preceding bit in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves. Thereby, the size of the excavated material to be cut and excavated can be finely adjusted.

Further, the plurality of succeeding bits include a plurality of sets of preceding bit groups formed so that the widths between the preceding excavation grooves are respectively different from each other. Preferably, the method includes selecting at least one set of preceding bits to be used.

According to this, the excavation can be performed by using the preceding bit group of the set by performing the adjustment movement so that the bit tip of the preceding bit group of a certain group is directed to the excavation direction. When the preceding excavation width is adjusted, the excavation can be performed using the preceding group of the preceding bits by adjusting and moving the leading bit of another group of the preceding bits so as to face the excavation direction.

Further, by providing a plurality of sets of preceding bits to switch the preceding bits to be excavated, the excavation can be efficiently performed without being affected by wear of the bits. In other words, when it is necessary to adjust the width between the preceding excavation grooves, it is mainly when excavation for a long distance is performed to some extent,
The bits are also worn. In this state, by adjusting the width between the preceding excavation grooves and applying a new non-abrasive preceding bit to excavation, the excavation can be efficiently performed without being affected by the wear of the bit.

Further, it is preferable that the preceding bits include a preceding bit group fixed to the cutter head.

According to this, the interval between the preceding excavation grooves can be adjusted at a lower cost as compared with the case where all the preceding bits are formed to be movable.

Similarly, it is preferable that the trailing bits include a trailing bit group fixed to the cutter head.

According to this, cut-out excavation can be performed at a lower cost according to the interval between the preceding excavation grooves as compared with the case where all the succeeding bits are formed to be movable.

It is preferable that the apparatus further includes a control means for controlling the driving of the driving means based on at least one of the rotation speed and the excavation speed of the cutter head.

According to this, it is possible to perform control in accordance with the soil properties of the ground to which the ground is actually applied, and it is possible to cut and excavate an optimum size according to the properties of the ground to be excavated and the excavation distance.

[0061] In addition, the carry-out path for carrying out the excavated object includes an excavated object measuring means for measuring the size of the excavated object, and the control means, based on the measurement result of the excavated object measuring means, It is preferable to control the driving of the driving means.

According to this, it is possible to perform feedback control while monitoring the actual size of the excavated object.

In addition, it is preferable that the carrying-out route includes a means for adding a dissolution inhibitor for preventing the excavated matter from being dissolved in the transport medium for the excavated matter.

According to this, the dissolution of the excavated material can be effectively prevented.

Preferably, the movement of the preceding bit is controlled based on at least one of the rotation speed and the excavating speed of the cutter head provided with the preceding bit and the following bit.

According to this, it is possible to perform control according to the soil properties of the ground to which the ground is actually applied, and it is possible to cut out and excavate an optimum size according to the properties of the ground to be excavated and the excavation distance.

Similarly, it is preferable to control the movement of the following bit based on at least one of the rotation speed and the excavation speed of the cutter head provided with the preceding bit and the following bit.

According to this, it is possible to perform control according to the soil properties of the ground to which the ground is actually applied, and it is possible to cut out and excavate in an optimum size according to the properties of the ground to be excavated and the excavation distance.

It is preferable that the size of the excavated material is measured in a carry-out route for carrying out the excavated material outside the mine, and the movement of the preceding bit is controlled based on the measurement result.

According to this, it is possible to perform feedback control while monitoring the actual size of the excavated object.

It is preferable that a dissolution inhibitor for preventing the excavated material from being dissolved is added to the transport medium for the excavated material in the carrying-out path.

According to this, the melting of the excavated material can be effectively prevented.

[0073]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, taking as an example a case where the present invention is applied to a shield machine used in a muddy water shield construction method.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a shield machine 2 according to an example of the present embodiment.

In the muddy shield construction method, the muddy water is supplied to the chamber 21 inside the shield machine 2 to stabilize the face 390 while the cutter head 22 of the shield machine 2
This is a method of constructing a tunnel by excavating the ground by rotating a rock.

In the muddy water shield construction method, muddy water feeding equipment for producing muddy water for stabilizing the face and supplying it to the face 390, property adjusting equipment for adjusting the muddy water property, excavating equipment for excavating the face 390, and a face 390 A transportation facility for carrying out the excavated mud outside the mine, a muddy water treatment facility for appropriately treating the excavated mud, and a lining construction facility for constructing a lining structure in the excavation pit are used.

Shield machine 2 functioning as excavating equipment
, The segment 26 is successively added together with the excavation, and while the reaction force is applied to the segment 26 by the jack 28, the cutter head 22 is rotated by turning the cutter head 22 while opposing the face pressure by the mud pressure supplied to the chamber 21. Excavate.

The muddy water supplied to the chamber 21 inside the shield machine 2 is sent from a mud making facility or a muddy water treatment facility on the ground via a mud feeding pipe 50 which is a part of the mud feeding facility. The muddy water used for stabilization at 390 is mixed with the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 21 and is sent to a muddy water treatment facility on the ground via a mud discharge pipe 52 which is a part of the transport facility.

Here, the transportation equipment means the entire equipment for carrying out the excavated earth and sand taken in from the cutter head 22 to the outside of the pit.
It includes a sludge pipe 52 functioning as a fluid transport pipe, a sludge pump 102 functioning as a pressure pump, and the like.

In the muddy water treatment equipment, a solid content such as excavated earth and sand contained in the muddy water and a liquid component are separated (solid-liquid separation), and a part of the separated liquid component is subjected to necessary component adjustment in a regulating tank. After being performed, it is sent out again to the shield machine 2 and reused as muddy water.

The muddy water sent to the chamber 21 is subjected to necessary property adjustment by a property adjusting facility or the like in the tunnel. Specifically, the property adjusting equipment in the tunnel is provided in the mud tank 40 and the mud feed pipe 50, and the mud tank 4
It is configured to include a static mixer 44 for mixing and stirring the mud and the mud supplied from 0, and a viscometer 46 for measuring the muddy water state after the mixing and stirring.

If necessary, a predetermined mud conditioning agent is added from the mud preparation tank 40, and the muddy water stirred and mixed by the static mixer 44 is measured for viscosity by a viscometer 46 and supplied to the chamber 21.

The result of the measurement by the viscometer 46 is transmitted to the controller 4
8, and the controller 48 adjusts the addition of the mud conditioning agent based on the measurement result.

On the other hand, the muddy water returned from the chamber 21 to the muddy water treatment equipment is pumped by a muddy water pump 102 provided in a muddy water pipe 52.

FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of a mud pump 102 according to an example of the present embodiment.

[0086] The sludge pump 102 includes a plurality of blades 100-1 and 100-2 that rotate inside. Therefore,
When the size of the excavated object 110, that is, the excavated earth and sand exceeds the net distance L between the blades 100, the excavated object 110 may block the sludge pump 102 and the sludge pipe 52, and may not function as a transport facility. is there.

To solve this problem, conventionally, the sludge pump 1
In some cases, a crusher or the like is newly provided to crush the excavated material 110 so as to prevent the transportation facilities such as 02 from being blocked. However, in this method, the crushed excavation 1
10 was easily dissolved in the muddy water, so that the classification efficiency in the muddy water treatment equipment was poor.

When the excavated matter dissolves in the muddy water increases, the amount of solids classified in the primary treatment in the muddy water treatment equipment decreases, and accordingly, the amount of treatment that must be classified in the secondary treatment increases. Become. When the secondary processing amount increases, 2
The scale of the secondary processing equipment will increase, and the area of the shaft site required for that will also increase.

Therefore, if the amount of classification in the primary treatment is increased, the secondary treatment can be made more efficient, and the area of the required shaft site can be reduced.

Further, since the secondary treated soil is a soft soil containing water, it is treated as industrial waste (sludge), so that a great deal of labor and cost are required for its disposal.

That is, in order to reduce the area of the shaft site, reduce the burden on the environment, and reduce the processing cost,
It is necessary to classify 10 by primary treatment as much as possible.

Therefore, the excavated material 110 is
By excavating to the maximum size that does not clog in 02 and carrying it out of the mine in a solid state as it is, the efficiency of the treatment of the muddy water containing excavated earth and sand can be increased, and the environmental load and cost can be reduced.

Further, as the excavating distance of the shield excavator 2 increases, the required number of the sludge pumps 102 increases, and the properties of the ground change with the excavation. For this reason, the blade body 100 in the sludge pump 102 shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration of two sheets, but may have a configuration of three or more blades. L also becomes shorter, and the size of the excavated object 110 passing through the sludge pump 102 becomes smaller.

Therefore, in order to keep the dissolution rate of the excavated material 110 in the muddy water low at all times, the size of the excavated material 110 at the time of excavation and excavation according to the excavation distance and the nature of the ground is adjusted to the optimum size. Need to be adjusted. In the present embodiment, the cutter head 22 is provided with a preceding bit for excavating the ground in advance and forming a preceding excavation groove, and a succeeding bit for cutting out and excavating the ground protuberance between the preceding excavation grooves.

Next, ground excavation by preceding excavation and subsequent excavation (cutting excavation) will be described.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing an excavation state of the ground due to advance and retreat of the leading bit and the following bit.
(A) before the excavation, FIG. 3 (B) after the excavation, FIG.
(C) is a figure which shows the excavation state of the ground 300 after trailing excavation.

First, in the initial state, as shown in FIG. 3A, the excavation surface 410 of the ground 300 at the portion to be excavated is flat.

The shield machine 2 excavates in the direction of the arrow. When the shield machine 2 excavates, the leading bit precedes the following bit and excavates the ground 300 at the portion to be excavated in a streak shape, thereby forming the preceding excavation groove 3 on the excavation surface of the ground 300.
10-1 and 310-2 are formed.

The depths of the preceding excavation grooves 310-1 and 310-2, ie, the cutting depth L2, are substantially L, and the interval L1 between the preceding excavation grooves 310-1 and 310-2 is also substantially L. . Here, L is the above-described sludge pump 1 shown in FIG.
02 is the maximum size that will not block the 02.

In addition, the preceding excavation grooves 310-1, 310-2
, That is, the cutting width L3 is also equal to or less than L.
As a result, the excavated matter generated by the preceding excavation also has a size of L or less, and the excavated matter can be carried out of the mine without blocking the transportation facilities. In addition, the preceding excavation grooves 310-1, 310-
The leading bit is adjusted and moved so as to perform the leading digging so that the groove width of No. 2 is smaller than the trailing bit digging width.

By the preceding excavation, the state shown in FIG. 3A is changed to the state shown in FIG. 3B.

In the state shown in FIG. 3B, the leading excavation grooves 310-1 and 310-2 of the ground 300 to be excavated.
In this state, a belt-shaped convex portion having a protruding length and a protruding width of L or less is left as a ground.

In this state, by excavating and excavating a part of the remaining band-shaped convex portion, the excavated object 110
00, and the state shown in FIG. As a result, the excavated object 110 is cut out and excavated in a cubic shape having a length L. In this process, the protruding amount of the trailing bit from the cutter head 22 is set so that the cut-out amount of the excavated earth and sand in the depth direction (that is, the rotation direction of the cutter head 22) in FIG. 22 and the excavating speed of the shield excavator 2 are adjusted.

[0103] In practice, the excavated object 110 is cut off at the corner during transportation to the ground treatment facility, and is collected as a rounded mass outside the mine.

Next, the structure of the leading bit and the following bit for enabling the size of the excavated object 110 generated by the excavation excavation to be adjusted will be described.

Excavated object 110 generated by cutting excavation
Techniques that allow you to adjust the size of
A method of adjusting and moving the preceding bit so as to adjust the width between the preceding cutting grooves, that is, to change the formation position of the preceding cutting groove can be adopted. As a method of adjusting and moving the leading bit, specifically, for example, a method of adjusting the leading bit by shifting it little by little, a method of adjusting using a fixed leading bit group and a movable leading bit group,
A method of switching and applying a plurality of spokes in which a leading bit and a trailing bit having different widths between leading excavation grooves are fixedly mounted, and rotationally mounting a plurality of sets of preceding bit groups provided at different rotation angle positions and having different intervals. And a method of changing the preceding excavation width by rotating the rotatable mounting portion provided in the section.

Although the details will be described later, when the leading bit is adjusted and moved as described above, it is preferable that the trailing bit is also adjusted and moved in accordance with the movement. That is, it is preferable that the following bit is adjusted and moved so that the center of the following bit to be cut out and excavated is substantially at the center of the remaining ground protruding portion between the preceding excavation grooves.

According to this, it is possible to cut out and excavate the trailing bit surface by hitting the entire surface of the ground protrusion. Thus, collapse of the ground protrusion can be reduced, and the ground can be collected in a solid state.

As a method of adjusting and moving the following bit, a method similar to the above-described method of adjusting and moving the preceding bit can be adopted.

[0110] Hereinafter, these techniques for adjusting and moving will be described in detail.

(Example of Technique for Adjusting by Shifting Leading Bits Little by Little) FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram when the excavation width is changed by shifting the leading bits little by little.

The leading bits 370 before the movement are arranged at intervals of a, and the width between the leading excavation grooves is a value obtained by subtracting the bit width of the leading bits 370 from a.

For example, when the width between the preceding excavation grooves is set to a value obtained by subtracting the bit width of the preceding bit 370 from a + b in order to increase by b, the second preceding bit 370 from the left in FIG.
Is shifted to the right by b, the third leading bit 370 from the left in FIG. 4 needs to be shifted to the right by 2b.

Similarly, the fourth and subsequent leading bits from the left in FIG. 4 also need to be shifted to the right by + b.

When the preceding bit 370 is appropriately shifted to the right in this way, the width between the preceding excavation grooves becomes a value obtained by subtracting the bit width of the preceding bit 370 from a + b, like the preceding bit 372.

As described above, it is preferable that the following bits 380 and 381 are also adjusted and moved in accordance with the adjustment and movement of the leading bit 370. That is, the trailing bits 380 and 381 are adjusted and moved to the positions indicated by the trailing bits 382 and 383 such that the center of the trailing bit is located at the center of the ground excavation that has been previously drilled by the leading bit 372.

For convenience of explanation, in FIG. 4, it is assumed that two trailing excavations cut out and excavate the protruding portions between all preceding excavation grooves, and are used for the first trailing excavation. The trailing bits 380 and 382 are shown by solid lines, and the trailing bits 381 and 383 used for the second trailing excavation are shown by two-dot chain lines.

Next, a description will be given of an example of a method of adjusting using the fixed leading bit group and the movable leading bit group.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a method of adjusting the excavation width using the fixed leading bit 374 and the movable leading bit 376. FIG.

For example, in the initial state, the fixed leading bit 3
74 and the movable leading bit 376 draw the same excavation trajectory, but as shown in FIG. 5, the fixed leading bit 374 does not move and only the movable leading bit 376 is shifted to the right, so that the fixed leading bit 374 and the movable leading bit 376 move. Leading bit 37
6, the width between the preceding excavation grooves formed can be reduced to W width. It is also possible to increase the width in a similar manner.

As described above, it is preferable that the following bits 384 and 385 are also adjusted and moved in accordance with the adjustment and movement of the preceding bit 374. In other words, the trailing bits 384, 385 are set so that the center of the trailing bit is located at the center of the ground protruding part excavated by the leading bit 376 adjusted and moved.
Is adjusted to the position indicated by the following bits 386, 387.

Next, a description will be given of a specific example of a method of adjusting the leading bit by shifting it little by little.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a cutter head 22 according to an example of the present embodiment.

The cutter head 22 shown in FIG. 6 has a leading bit 70 fixed at the outermost periphery of the cutter head 22.
-1, 70-3 and subsequent bits 80-1, 80-3
And a leading bit 70-2 and a trailing bit 80-2 fixed at the innermost periphery of the cutter head 22.

The cutter head 22 shown in FIG. 6 has a plurality of pedestals 60-1 to 60 which are a kind of mounting portion in which a leading bit 72 and a trailing bit 82 are fixed one by one.
-6 is provided.

By moving the pedestal 60 in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves, the width between the preceding excavation grooves can be adjusted, and the size of the excavated object 110 to be cut and excavated can be adjusted.

As a method for adjusting the size of the excavated object 110 to be cut and excavated, specifically, for example, there are a method using a link mechanism and a method using a plurality of jacks to link each jack.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are side sectional views of a spoke unit when a link mechanism is used. FIG. 7A is a view showing an extended state, and FIG. 7B is a view showing a contracted state.

A pedestal 60-1 in which a leading bit 72-1 and a trailing bit 82-1 are fixed, and a pedestal 60- in which a leading bit 72-2 and trailing bit 82-2 are fixed, respectively. 2 is fixed to a different vertex portion of the link 200 on the front side of the cutter head 22.

Then, the link 200 is set to the leading bit 270
When the jack 220, which is a driving means for driving in the width direction between the two, advances and retreats, the leading bit 70-1 fixed to the outermost peripheral portion of the cutter head 22 and 72-1 and 72 fixed to the pedestal 60. The spacing between -2 will be adjusted.

That is, by extending the jack 220 from the state shown in FIG.
The interval between 72-1 and 72-2 is reduced. Conversely, by contracting the jack 220 from the state shown in FIG. 7B, the leading bits 70-1, 72-1 and 72-2
The spacing between them will widen.

As described above, according to the method using the link mechanism, the distance between the leading bits 70 and 72 can be finely adjusted by finely adjusting the amount of advance / retreat of the jack 220, and more precisely, the leading bit 70 , 72 can be adjusted.

The other leading bits 72 and the other trailing bits 82 are also fixed to the pedestal 60, respectively, and the link 200 on which the pedestal is fixed is moved forward and backward by the jack 220, so that the leading bits 70, 72 The interval between them is finely adjusted, and the following bit 82 is also adjusted and moved accordingly.

Next, a method of linking a plurality of jacks will be described.

FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of a spoke unit when a plurality of jacks 222 and 224 are used. FIG. 8A shows an expanded state, and FIG. 8B shows a contracted state. It is.

Also in this method, the pedestal 60-1 in which one leading bit 72-1 and the following bit 82-1 are fixed, and the leading bit 72-2 and the following bit 82-2 are fixed. The pedestal 60-2 is provided on the front side of the cutter head 22.

Further, a jack 222 provided on the peripheral side of the cutter head 22 and a jack 224 provided on the center side of the cutter head 22 are provided so as to be able to advance and retreat in the width direction between the preceding bits 272.

The jack 222 shrinks by b (that is,
The leading bit 272-2, the pedestal 212-1, the jack 224, the leading bit 272-3, and the pedestal 212-2 are shifted by b toward the peripheral side of the cutter head 22. I do.

In this state, the jack 224 further moves to b
(I.e., shift by b to the periphery of the cutter head 22), the leading bit 272-3,
The pedestal 212-2 shifts by b toward the periphery of the cutter head 22.

With the above operation, FIG.
The state shown in (B) is obtained, and the interval between the preceding bits 272 is reduced by b.

As described above, the plurality of jacks 222, 22
According to the method using No. 4, the distance between the preceding bits 272 can be finely adjusted by finely adjusting the amount of advance and retreat of the jacks 222 and 224, and more strictly,
The spacing between the two can be adjusted.

The other preceding bits 72 and other following bits 82 are also fixed to the pedestal 60, and the pedestal 60 is moved by the jacks 222 and 224, so that the space between the preceding bits 70 and 72 is reduced. Fine adjustment is performed, and the following bit 82 is also adjusted and moved accordingly.

Next, a method for adjusting the width between the preceding excavation grooves by attaching the leading bit or the trailing bit to the rotary mounting portion and rotating the rotary mounting portion will be described.

(Example of a method of applying while switching a plurality of spokes in which a leading bit and a trailing bit having different widths between preceding excavation grooves are fixed: example of a method by rotation) As a method of applying while switching a plurality of spokes in which a preceding bit and a following bit are fixed, for example, a first state for cutting and excavating with a predetermined preceding excavation groove width and a first state are as follows. A method of switching between a second state for performing excavation and excavation with a different preceding excavation groove width and a third state for performing excavation and excavation with a different preceding excavation groove width from the first and second states can be applied. .

FIG. 9 is a front view of a cutter head 22 according to another example of the present embodiment, showing a first state.

The cutter head 22 has spokes 460-1 to 460-, which are a kind of a plurality of cylindrical rotary mounting portions formed to be rotatable in a direction from the back side of the cutter head 22 to the front side of the cutter head 22. 6 are provided.

A plurality of preceding bits 472 and a plurality of following bits 482 are provided on one surface of each spoke 460.

Each of the spokes 460 is rotated by a gear provided at an end point of the spoke 460 on the center side of the cutter head 22 being rotationally driven by a motor which is a kind of rotational driving means. By rotating spoke 460, leading bit 472 and trailing bit 482 face the front side of cutter head 22 at a predetermined rotation angle, and excavation using the leading bit 472 and trailing bit 482 is performed. When the spoke 460 is rotated and the leading bit 472 and the trailing bit 482 are directed to the back side of the cutter head 22, excavation by the leading bit 472 and the trailing bit 482 is not performed.

For example, the spoke 460-1 has the preceding bit 472-1 to 472-5 and the following bit 482-
1-482-5 are provided, and spokes 460-2 are provided.
Are provided with preceding bits 472-6 and 472-7 and succeeding bits 482-6 and 482-7.

From spoke 460-1 to cutter head 2
2, a spoke 460-3 is provided at a position rotated 60 degrees clockwise, a spoke 460-5 is similarly provided at a position rotated 120 degrees, and a spoke 460-2 is provided at a position rotated 180 degrees. Are provided, spokes 460-4 are provided at positions rotated 240 degrees, and spokes 460-6 are provided at positions rotated 300 degrees.

In the first state shown in FIG.
0-1 and the leading bit 472-1 to 472-7 and the succeeding bit 482-1 provided in the spoke 460-6.
482-7 are facing the front of the cutter head 22. In addition, spokes 460-3 to 460-6
Bit 472 and subsequent bit 482 provided in
Is in a state facing the back surface of the cutter head 22.

The preceding bits 472-1 to 472-7
Are arranged on the spokes 460-1 and 460-2 such that the widths between the preceding excavation grooves formed by the preceding bits 472-1 to 472-7 are substantially the same, and the following bits 482-1 to 482-1 482-7 are arranged on the spokes 460-1 and 460-2 such that the centers of the following bits 482-1 to 482-7 are located at the centers between the preceding excavation grooves.

FIG. 10 is a front view of a cutter head 22 according to another example of the present embodiment, showing a second state.

In the second state shown in FIG.
The leading bit 472 and the trailing bit 482 provided on the spoke head 60-3 and the spoke 460-4 correspond to the cutter head 2
2 is facing the front. In addition, spoke 4
The leading bit 472 and the trailing bit 482 provided in 60-1, 460-2, 460-5 and 460-6 are in a state facing the back surface of the cutter head 22.

The plurality of leading bits 472 provided on the spokes 460-3 and 460-4 are such that the width between the leading excavation grooves formed by the leading bits 472 is substantially the same. The plurality of trailing bits 482 provided on the spokes 460-3 and 460-4 are arranged on the spokes 460-3 such that the center of the trailing bit 482 is located at the center between the preceding excavation grooves.
0-3, 460-4.

FIG. 11 is a front view of a cutter head 22 according to another example of the present embodiment, showing a third state.

In the third state shown in FIG.
The leading bit 472 and the trailing bit 482 provided on the spoke head 60-5 and the spoke 460-6 are connected to the cutter head 2.
2 is facing the front. In addition, spoke 4
The leading bit 472 and the trailing bit 482 provided in 60-1 to 460-4 are in a state facing the back surface of the cutter head 22.

The plurality of leading bits 472 provided on the spokes 460-5 and 460-6 are such that the width between the leading excavation grooves formed by the leading bits 472 is substantially the same. The plurality of trailing bits 482 provided on the spokes 460-5 and 460-6 are arranged on the spokes 460-5 so that the center of the trailing bit 482 is located at the center between the preceding excavation grooves.
0-5, 460-6.

As shown in FIG. 9, the leading bit 470-1, 470-2 and the trailing bit 480-1, fixed to the cutter head 22, are attached to the cutter head 22.
480-2 is also provided.

As described above, by rotating a plurality of spokes in which the leading bit and the trailing bit having different widths between the preceding excavation grooves described with reference to FIGS. According to the method of adjusting the width, the leading bit 472 used for excavation can be switched, and there is also an effect of preventing abrasion of the leading bit 472 when performing long distance excavation.

Next, another rotation method will be described.

FIG. 12 shows a spoke unit 560 having leading bits 570 and 572 according to an example of the present embodiment.
It is a side sectional view of a part. FIG. 13 is a plan cross-sectional view of a spoke unit 560 provided with preceding bits 570 and 572 according to an example of the present embodiment. FIG.
Are following bits 580 and 58 according to an example of the present embodiment.
2 is a side cross-sectional view of a spoke unit 562 provided with a spoke unit 2.

In the spoke unit 560 which is a kind of the rotary mounting portion provided in the cutter head 22 shown in FIG. 12, the leading bits for adjusting the interval are different from the leading bits 570-1 to 570-3 of the first set. It is configured to include a second set of preceding bits 572-1 to 572-3 which describe different digging trajectories and are provided at different rotation positions.

The rotary driving device 27, which is a rotary driving means for rotating the spoke unit 62, which is a rotary mounting portion, is so arranged that the leading end of the leading bit 570 or the leading end of the leading bit 572 is directed in the excavation direction. 22 is provided on the back surface.

As shown in FIG. 13, in the initial state, the leading end of the leading bit 570-1 is oriented in the excavation direction, but when it becomes necessary to adjust the size of the excavated object, the leading bit 572-1 The spoke drive unit 560 is rotated by the rotation drive device 27 so that the tip of the bit of the spoke unit faces the excavation direction.

Other spoke units 62-2 and 62-3
Is configured similarly to the spoke unit 62-1.
When the rotation drive device 27 rotates the spoke unit 62, the state shown in FIG. 5 is changed to the state shown in FIG.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the spoke unit 62 is rotationally driven to adjust the interval between the preceding excavation grooves, so that the excavated object 110 to be excavated and excavated.
Can be adjusted in size. This makes it possible to cut out and excavate the excavated material 110 in an optimal size according to the excavation distance, prevent the excavated material 110 from being dissolved in muddy water, and efficiently collect the excavated object 110 in a solid state. it can.

A spoke unit 562 having trailing bits 580 and 582 is provided at a position different from the position of the cutter head 22 where the spoke unit 560 is provided.

The spoke unit 562, which is a kind of the rotary mounting portion, has the same structure as the spoke unit 560.
It is rotationally driven by a rotation driving device 29 which is a kind of rotation driving means. Thus, in the initial state, the following bit 58
Although 0 is in the excavation direction, the trailing bit 582 is oriented in the excavation direction by being rotationally driven.

The following bit 580 is the following bit 5
An excavation locus different from 82 is drawn. That is, the trailing bit 580 is formed so as to cut out and excavate the remaining ground protruding portion between the preceding excavation grooves formed by the preceding bits 570-1 and 570-2. On the other hand, the following bit 5
Reference numeral 82 is formed so as to cut out and excavate the remaining ground protruding portion between the preceding excavation grooves formed by the preceding bits 572-1 and 572-2.

That is, by rotating the spoke unit 562 in accordance with the rotation of the spoke unit 560, the surface of the trailing bit hits the entire surface of the ground protrusion, so that the excavation can be performed. Even if is adjusted, it is possible to cut out and excavate comfortably because the collapse of the ground protrusion does not easily occur.

The method of excavation by rotation using the spoke unit 560 or the like, which is a rotary mounting portion, has been described above. Next, the width between the preceding excavation grooves is adjusted by moving the preceding bit and the following bit forward and backward. The method will be described.

(Example of a method of applying a plurality of spokes in which a preceding bit and a succeeding bit having different widths between preceding excavation grooves are fixed while switching them: an example of a method of moving forward and backward)
5 is a side sectional view of the cutter head 22 having a plurality of different leading bits 170 according to an example of the present embodiment.

A spoke 262-1, which is a kind of advancing and retracting attachment portion having a plurality of leading bits 170 adjusted to a predetermined gap between the preceding excavation grooves, and a width between the preceding excavation grooves different from the aforementioned width. It is assumed that another spoke having a plurality of leading bits is provided on the cutter head 22.

On the rear side of the spoke 262-1, two jacks 226-1 and 226-2, which are a kind of forward / backward driving means for driving the forward / backward mounting portion, are provided.

When the jack 226 is extended, the leading end of the leading bit 170 fixed to the spoke 262-1 is located closer to the face than the leading end surface of the cutter head 22, and the jacks 226-1 and 226-2 contract. Thus, the leading end of the preceding bit 170 is configured to be located closer to the excavator than the leading end surface of the cutter head 22. The other spokes have the same structure as the spoke 262-1.

That is, by expanding only the jacks 226-1 and 226-2 of the spokes 262-1 and contracting the jacks of the other spokes, a predetermined width between the preceding excavation grooves can be formed.

Then, the jack 2 which has been extended is
By shortening 26-1, 226-2 and extending the jack of the other spoke which has been shortened, a width between the preceding excavation grooves different from the above can be formed.

In the present embodiment, a plurality of rear bosses having the same configuration as spoke 262-1 are provided so as to cut out and excavate the remaining ground protruding portion between the preceding excavation grooves of preceding bit 170. A plurality of trailing spokes provided to cut and excavate the remaining ground protruding portion between the preceding drilling groove of the preceding bit provided on the other spoke and the spoke for the following bit having the row bit 180 Other spokes for the trailing bit with bits are provided on the cutter head 22.

When the jack 226 is extended, the jack for moving the spoke for the succeeding bit is also extended, the jack for the other spoke for the preceding bit is contracted, and the jack for moving the spoke for the other following bit is also extended. Keep shrinking.

Thus, the preceding excavation can be performed with a predetermined width between the preceding excavation grooves, and the cutout excavation suitable for the width can also be performed.

When the jack 226 is contracted,
The jack that moves the spoke for the trailing bit forward and backward also shrinks,
The jacks for the other spokes for the leading bit are extended, and the jacks for moving the spokes for the other following bits are extended.

Thus, the preceding excavation can be performed with a width between the preceding excavation grooves different from the predetermined width between the preceding excavation grooves, and the cut-out excavation suitable for the width can also be performed.

As described above, the width between the preceding excavation grooves can also be adjusted by the method of moving the preceding bit and the following bit forward and backward. In addition, only one group of bits to be applied at the time of excavation is required, so that it is resistant to bit wear and reduces the trouble of exchanging bits when excavating over long distances, making it easier to excavate the ground. Can be.

As described above, as a method of adjusting the width between the preceding excavation grooves and adjusting and moving the subsequent bit in accordance with the width, mainly, the preceding bit and the following bit are moved in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves. Although the method, the method of rotating the preceding bit and the following bit, and the method of moving the preceding bit and the following bit forward and backward have been described, it is also possible to apply these methods in combination.

For example, various combinations of a method of moving the preceding bit in the width direction to rotate the succeeding bit and a method of moving the preceding bit forward and backward to move the following bit in the width direction are possible.

Next, as an example, a method of moving a preceding bit forward and backward and rotating a following bit will be described.

(Example of Combination Method) FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a cutter head having a plurality of preceding bit groups having different bit intervals according to an example of the present embodiment.

The cutter head 22 shown in FIG. 16 is provided with three spokes 262-1, 262-2, and 262-3 to which a plurality of preceding bits 275 to 277 are fixed.

Here, the three spokes 262-1 and 262-1
2-2, 262-3, leading bits 275-2 fixed to
77 is the leading bit 2 for each spoke 262, respectively.
The intervals between 75 and 277 are different. That is, the leading bit 275 on the spoke 262-1 has the largest interval, and the leading bit 27 on the spoke 262-3 has the largest interval.
7 so as to make the interval of 7 the narrowest.
77 is fixed to the spoke 262.

Further, the cutter head 22 shown in FIG. 16 has a plurality of trailing holes fixed to each of three spokes 230-1, 230-2, and 230-3 provided integrally with the cutter head 22. Bits 285, 286, 287
Is provided.

Here, the three spokes 230-1, 23
0-2, subsequent bits 285-2 fixed to 230-3
87 are the following bits 2 for each spoke 230, respectively.
The intervals between 85 and 287 are different. That is, the interval of the following bit 285 on the spoke 230-1 is the widest, and the following bit 28 on the spoke 230-3 is the largest.
7 so that the interval of the next 7 becomes the narrowest.
87 is fixed to the spokes 230-1 to 230-3.

That is, the succeeding bit 287 on the spoke 230-3 is provided in accordance with the width between the preceding bits 277 on the spoke 262-3, and the spoke in accordance with the width between the preceding bits 276 on the spoke 262-2. A trailing bit 286 on 230-2 is provided to match the width between leading bits 275 on spoke 262-1.
There is provided a subsequent bit 285 above one.

In the initial state, the jack on the back of the spoke 262-1 is elongated, and the jack on the back of the spoke 262-2, 262-3 is contracted. Thus, the preceding excavation is performed in the widest preceding excavation width.

In the initial state, the spoke 230-1
Bit 285 faces the front and the spoke 230-
2, 230-3, trailing bits 286, 287 are facing rear. As a result, the ground excavation that has been preliminarily excavated in the widest pre-excavation width is left unexcavated, and
With 85, cutout excavation is performed.

In the case where it is necessary to reduce the size of the solid material to be cut and excavated because the excavation distance is extended,
The preceding bit to be applied is changed according to the advance and retreat of the jack, and the subsequent bit to be applied is changed accordingly by rotating the spoke.

As described above, even when the above-described various methods are combined, the same operation and effect as those when the various methods are not combined are exhibited.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the distance between the preceding excavation grooves is adjusted by moving the preceding bit, and the distance between the adjusted preceding excavation grooves is adjusted by moving the following bit. By performing the cutting excavation according to the interval, the size of the excavated object 110 to be cut and excavated can be adjusted. Thereby, the excavated material 110 can be cut out and excavated in an optimum size according to the excavation distance and the properties of the ground, preventing the excavated material 110 from dissolving in muddy water and efficiently excavating the excavated material 110 in a solid state. Can be recovered.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which excavation is performed by fixing the preceding bit to the attachment portion such as the spoke unit. By fixing the leading bit to the mounting portion in this way, the stability during the adjustment movement and the leading excavation is improved. Of course, it is also possible to configure so that each preceding bit is moved independently, instead of the mounting portion.

Further, it is preferable that the control device 48 shown in FIG. 1 controls the driving of the jack 27 of the spoke unit 60 based on the rotation speed of the cutter head 22 and the jack speed (digging speed).

According to this, it is possible to perform control in accordance with the soil properties of the ground to which the ground is actually applied, and it is possible to cut and excavate an optimum size according to the properties of the ground to be excavated and the excavation distance.

The control may be performed based on one of the rotation speed of the cutter head 22 and the jack speed.

In order to discharge the excavated material 110 as it is, as shown in FIG.
The dissolution inhibitor supplied from the
It is designed to be added to the muddy water including the excavated material 110 inside.

Further, the amount of solid dissolved in the muddy water in the mud pipe 52 is measured by the excavated object measuring device 120 provided in the mud pipe 52 near the face 390. This measurement is based on the specification (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
59623) is preferably performed using a measuring device using radio waves.

This measuring device radiates radio waves to muddy water, receives radio waves propagating in muddy water, calculates the density of solids based on the reception level, and calculates the size of solids from the density. Can be measured accurately.

[0206] The control device 48 determines
Adjust the amount of dissolution inhibitor added to the wastewater. As a result, the amount of the dissolution inhibitor added can be suppressed to the minimum necessary. Further, by controlling the amount of the dissolution inhibitor added based on the measurement result, it is possible to perform appropriate muddy water excavation with a smaller amount of the agent. Therefore, the use of the minimum necessary resources is sufficient, and the cost can be reduced.

Further, the values measured by the excavated object measuring device 120 (such as the size of the excavated object 110) are transmitted to the control device 48 shown in FIG. 1 in real time. It is preferable that the control device 48 controls the driving of the jack 27 of the spoke unit 60 based on the value measured by the excavated object measuring device 120.

According to this, it is possible to perform feedback control while monitoring the actual size of the excavated object.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention
The case where the cutter head 22 has a circular shape and is applied to a shield excavator that excavates a circular excavation section has been described, but the present invention can also be applied to a shield excavator that excavates a rectangular cross section or an arbitrary-shaped cross section. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a side cross section of a shield machine according to an example of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of a sludge pump according to an example of the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing an excavation state of the ground due to advance and retreat of a preceding bit and a following bit. FIG. 3 (A) shows before excavation, FIG. 3 (B) shows after excavation, and FIG. (C) is a figure which shows the digging state of the ground after trailing digging.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in a case where a digging width is changed by shifting a preceding bit little by little.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram in a case where an excavation width is changed using a fixed leading bit and a movable leading bit.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a cutter head according to an example of the embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of a spoke unit when a link mechanism is used, and FIG.
(B) is a diagram showing a contracted state.

FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of a spoke unit when a plurality of jacks are used, and FIG.
FIG. 8B is a diagram showing a contracted state.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a cutter head according to another example of the present embodiment, showing a first state.

FIG. 10 is a front view of a cutter head according to another example of the present embodiment, showing a second state.

FIG. 11 is a front view of a cutter head according to another example of the present embodiment, showing a third state.

FIG. 12 is a side sectional view of a spoke unit portion provided with a preceding bit according to an example of the present embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a plan sectional view of a spoke unit portion including a preceding bit according to an example of the present embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a side cross-sectional view of a spoke unit portion including a trailing bit according to an example of the present embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a side sectional view of a cutter head having a plurality of different leading bits according to an example of the present embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a front view of a cutter head having a plurality of preceding bit groups having different bit intervals according to an example of the present embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 22 Cutter head 60 Spoke 70, 72 Leading bit 80 Trailing bit 102 Sludge pump

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masago Yasumoto 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Corporation (72) Inventor Konosuke Nakamura 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Takeshi (72) Inventor Yoshio Iwai 1-7-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Takeshi Corporation (72) Inventor Yasuhiko Asai 1-7-1, Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Takeshi Inside the company (72) Inventor Yuji Sakuma 11-1, Kitahama-cho, Chita-shi, Aichi Prefecture Inside the Aichi Plant, Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiaki Uehara 2-2-1, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo In-house Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Ito 11-1 Kitahama-cho, Chita City, Aichi Prefecture Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd. F-term (reference) 2D054 AC05 BA03 BB04 BB05 CA04 DA12

Claims (12)

[Claims] A plurality of leading bits for forming leading digging grooves at predetermined intervals on a face, and a plurality of trailing bits for cutting a remaining ground protruding portion between the leading digging grooves are provided. A shield excavator having a cutter head, and cutting and excavating the ground in the excavation path in a solid state by rotation of the cutter head, wherein the shield excavator is provided so as to change a formation position of the preceding excavation groove. A preceding bit width adjusting means for adjusting and moving at least one of the plurality of preceding bits; and the plurality of trailing lines provided so as to cut an undigged remaining convex portion between the adjusted preceding excavation grooves. And a moving means for a subsequent bit for adjusting and moving at least one of the bits. 2. The mounting device according to claim 1, wherein the trailing bit moving means is provided so as to be movable in a width direction between the preceding excavation grooves, and at least one of the plurality of trailing bits is fixed. And a driving means for moving the mounting portion in the width direction between the preceding excavation grooves. 3. The moving means for a trailing bit according to claim 1, wherein the moving means for the trailing bit is a rotatable mounting portion rotatably provided on the cutter head, and a rotary driving device for rotatably driving the rotatable mounting portion. And wherein the plurality of trailing bits have different phase angles with respect to the rotation center of the rotary mounting portion such that trailing excavation trajectories by the respective trailing bit groups are different, and A shield machine comprising a plurality of sets of trailing bits provided at different positions with respect to the center of rotation of the cutter head during digging. 4. The moving means for a trailing bit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: at least one advancing / retreating attachment portion provided on the cutter head so as to be able to advance / retreat; Advancing / retreating drive means for selectively advancing / retreating, wherein the plurality of trailing bits include a plurality of sets of trailing bits provided on the advancing / retreating attachment portion such that trailing excavation trajectories are different from each other. A shield excavator characterized by the following. 5. The preceding bit width adjusting means according to claim 1, wherein the preceding bit width adjusting means is provided movably in a width direction between the preceding excavation grooves, and at least one of the plurality of preceding bits is fixed. A shield excavator, comprising: a mounting portion provided; and driving means for moving the mounting portion in a width direction between the preceding excavation grooves. 6. The rotation adjusting device according to claim 1, wherein the preceding bit width adjusting device includes: a rotation attachment portion rotatably provided on the cutter head; and a rotation driving device for rotating the rotation attachment portion. And a plurality of sets of preceding bits provided at different rotation angle positions of the rotary mounting portion so that the plurality of preceding bits have different widths between the preceding excavation grooves by the preceding bit groups. A shield machine comprising a group. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preceding bit width adjusting means includes at least one advancing / retracting attachment portion provided on the cutter head so as to be able to advance / retreat, and the advancing / retreating attachment portion is formed in a digging direction. Advancing / retreating drive means for selectively advancing / retreating, wherein the plurality of preceding bits include a plurality of sets of preceding bit groups provided in the advancing / retreating mounting portion such that the width between the preceding excavation grooves is different from each other. A shield machine. 8. A plurality of leading bits for forming leading digging grooves at predetermined intervals on a face, and a plurality of trailing bits for cutting remaining ground protruding portions between the leading digging grooves. An excavation method for cutting and excavating a ground in an excavation path in a solid state by rotation of the cutter head, wherein the plurality of preceding bits are adjusted so as to adjust a width between the preceding excavation grooves. Adjusting the width of at least one of the preceding bits, and adjusting at least one of the plurality of following bits so as to cut the remaining ground protruding portion between the adjusted preceding excavation grooves. An excavation method, comprising: a moving step for a subsequent bit to be adjusted and moved. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the following bit moving step includes a step of moving at least one of the plurality of following bits in a width direction between the preceding excavation grooves. Drilling method. 10. The trailing bit group according to claim 8, wherein the trailing bits include a plurality of trailing bit groups formed so that trailing excavation trajectories are different from each other. The excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the moving step for bits includes a step of selecting at least one set of subsequent bits to be used for cutout excavation. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the preceding bit width adjusting step includes a step of moving at least one of the plurality of preceding bits in a width direction between the preceding excavation grooves. A drilling method characterized by the following. 12. The plurality of following bits according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the plurality of following bits include a plurality of sets of preceding bit groups formed so that widths between the preceding excavation grooves are different from each other. The excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting a width between preceding bits includes a step of selecting at least one set of preceding bits used for preceding excavation.