JP2002001154A - Method and device for pulverizing particles to be pulverized - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To continuously and efficiently pulverize materials to be pulverized to pulverized materials of <=3 μm. SOLUTION: This pulverizing device has annular stationary disks 71 to 73 which are concentrically inserted into a cylindrical casing, rotary disks 51 to 54 which are concentrically fitted and inserted to the stationary disks 71 to 73 and are rotated around the axes by the drive of a drive assembly 21, a subject supplying means which continuously supplies the particles to be pulverized into pulverizing spaces S2 formed between the rotary disks 51 to 54 and the stationary disks 71 to 73, an ammeter 91 which detects the current value supplied to the drive assembly 21 in order to know the pressure applied to the particles to be pulverized in the pulverizing spaces S2 and a control means 9 which controls the electric energy for rotating the rotary disks 51 to 54 in such a manner that the pressure exerted to the particles to be pulverized attains a pseudo solid forming pressure in accordance with the current value detected by this ammeter 91.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for pulverizing various kinds of particles to be pulverized.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Hitherto, pulverizers having various mechanisms have been known as pulverizers for pulverizing particles to be pulverized (crushing material).
Such pulverizers are generally classified from a functional aspect into a surface pressure pulverizer, a compression shear pulverizer, an impact impact pulverizer, a friction pulverizer and a compound pulverizer.

The above-mentioned surface pressure crusher is of a type in which crushing material is caught in a gap between an outer frame, a cone cape, and a crushing head that performs a swiveling motion, and crushes the crusher. Can be mentioned.

Further, the above-mentioned compression shear crusher is of a type in which a crushing material is bitten between two rolls rotating in opposite directions to each other and crushed. A typical example is a roll mill. it can.

[0005] The above-mentioned collision impact crusher is of a type in which a crushing material is hit against a member rotating at a high speed to crush the material, and examples thereof include a hammer crusher, a pin mill, a turbo mill and a jet mill.

Further, the above-mentioned friction pulverizer is of a type in which a pulverizer is bitten into a gap between a roller and a table and pulverized, and examples thereof include a roller mill, a colloid mill and a stone mill.

Further, the above-mentioned composite crusher and the like have a compression action,
It utilizes a combination of a shearing action and an impact action, and examples thereof include a ball mill, a rod mill, a vibration mill, and a tower mill.

[0008]

The above-mentioned various types of conventional pulverizers have different types, but all apply a force to the pulverizer in various ways in an open pulverization space. The energy given to the crushing material is dissipated in the air after much of it is consumed as frictional heat, or once accumulated as stress in the particles to be crushed, and then restored as heat. Since it diverges, it has a problem that it is difficult to perform efficient pulverization.

The above-mentioned various pulverizers are of a so-called continuous pulverization type in which a pulverizing material is continuously supplied, and the pulverizing material is subjected to the above-mentioned predetermined pulverizing treatment to obtain a pulverized material continuously. The average particle size of a conventional continuous pulverizer is 3 μm.
It was extremely difficult to finely pulverize to the following, and it was a fact that a finely pulverized product having a size of 3 μm or less could not be obtained.

This will be described in more detail as follows. In other words, each atom constituting the particles of the object to be crushed interacts with surrounding atoms,
The atoms located on the surface of the particle are affected only by the atoms inside the particle and are not affected by the outside. Attention is paid to one of these particles, and when an external force such as compression or shearing is applied to this one particle to break the particle, what has been a single particle until now is separated into a plurality of particles. The surface area of the plurality of particles is larger than that of a single particle, and the surface energy is increased, whereby the attractive force toward the inside of the atoms on the surface is also divided. Is larger than when there is only one particle. In short, the energy level is higher when the particles are crushed and divided into a plurality of particles than when the particles are single. Grinding is an operation that opposes this increased energy level and therefore requires more energy.

Meanwhile, the particles have an average particle diameter of 30.
When the particle size is reduced to μm or less, the so-called adhesive force in which the particles interact with each other is larger than the gravitational force acting between the fine particles, and the adhesive force acts predominantly between the fine particles. Therefore, for example, if the fine particles pulverized to a size of about 3 μm are dense, they will aggregate with each other to form secondary particles having a particle size of about 30 μm.

As a result, even if the particles are crushed to about 3 μm, the fine particles of about 3 μm are aggregated with each other to become secondary particles of about 30 μm or more, and the energy possessed by the secondary particles is: 30μ unmilled
In the state where such secondary particles are mixed with the 30 μm particles before pulverization, even if the energy for pulverization is added to these secondary particles, the energy is lower than the secondary particles having a low energy level. It is difficult to further pulverize particles having a particle size of about 30 μm because it is used preferentially for the pulverization of the particles. It is difficult to pulverize the particles to be pulverized to 3 μm or less using the above conventional pulverizer. What is impossible is a fact known empirically.

Therefore, in order to obtain a finely pulverized product having a particle size of 3 μm or less, a ball mill using a ball or beads as a grinding medium, a vibrating mill, a tower mill, or the like, or a batch type pulverizer such as Yaken, is used. It has to be used for a long time to pulverize, and as a result, there is a problem that a finely pulverized product having a particle size of 3 μm or less cannot be obtained continuously and efficiently.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to continuously and efficiently pulverize a material to be pulverized into a finely pulverized material of 3 μm or less. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for pulverizing an object to be pulverized.

[0015]

According to the first aspect of the present invention,
The particles to be pulverized are supplied between the pulverizing members having the pulverizing spaces formed of the concave portions opposed to each other, and the respective pulverizing members are moved relative to each other while maintaining a predetermined separation distance between the opposing surfaces. In the pulverization method of the pulverized particles, wherein the crushed particles are crushed by applying a shearing force to the loaded pulverized particles, the pressure applied to the pulverized particles in the pulverization space is equal to or higher than the pressure at which the pseudo solid body is formed. The method is characterized in that particles to be crushed are pushed into the crushing space.

In the present invention, the term "pseudo solid" means a state in which each of the particles to be crushed cannot be moved by being pushed into the crushing space. In the pseudo solid in such a state, even when a force is suddenly applied to the powder, the particles are in the state of the most sparse packing, that is, even the so-called dilatancy phenomenon does not occur. When dilatancy occurs, the particles to be ground become difficult to be ground.

According to the present invention, the particles to be pulverized are pushed into the pulverizing space at a pressure higher than the pressure at which the pseudo solid is obtained, whereby the pseudo solid is formed in the pulverizing space, and Since each pulverizing member is relatively moved while the opposing surfaces maintain a predetermined separation distance between the opposing surfaces, the particles to be pulverized loaded in the pulverizing space are moved in one recess and the other by the relative movement. And a concave portion. At this time, the particles to be crushed are in a state where the uneven surface on the other side is fitted into the uneven surface on one side formed by the particles to be crushed packed together at the shear surface, The located particles to be crushed are destroyed from the opposing edge positions of the concavities and convexities because a pseudo solid body is formed and there is no escape place to the other, thereby causing the particles to be crushed by 3 mm.
Reliable ultra-fine pulverization that can be crushed to μm or less is realized.

In the conventional pulverization method in which pulverization is performed in a pulverization space in which the particles to be pulverized can move freely, most of the energy used for operating the pulverization equipment is generated by heat generated by abrasion between the particles to be pulverized. Although the inconvenience of dissipating as energy occurs, the pulverization method of claim 1 makes it possible to finely pulverize to 3 μm or less while minimizing the conversion of energy given to the pulverization into frictional heat. And contribute to lower energy costs. In other words, after minimizing the energy cost for grinding,
The particles to be pulverized can be pulverized to a particle size of 3 μm or less.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the crushing member is provided with an annular fixed disk concentrically housed in a cylindrical casing, opposed to the fixed disk, and driven. Formed by a rotating disk that rotates around the axis by driving of the means, cavities as the crushing space are respectively formed in the opposing surfaces of the fixed disk and the rotating disk, and particles to be crushed are rotated by rotation of the rotating disk. It is continuously supplied to the cavity, and the supply amount of the particles to be ground is controlled so that the pressure applied to the particles to be ground in the cavity becomes a pressure at which the pseudo solid is formed. It is assumed that.

According to the present invention, the particles to be ground continuously supplied to the cavities of the fixed disk and the rotating disk are:
Since the supply amount is controlled so as to be a pressure at which a preset pseudo solid is formed, the particles to be ground introduced into the cavity are pushed into a pseudo solid, whereby the particles to be ground are separated from each other. Thus, it is possible to form a state in which the cavities overlap each other on the shear plane between the cavities.

Since the pseudo solid body composed of the particles to be ground in the densely packed state in the cavity is divided by the relative movement of the rotating disk and the fixed disk in the shearing direction due to the rotation of the rotating disk, it is as if one solid The same phenomenon occurs where the solids are sheared in the shear direction, which forces the crushed particles located in the shear plane to break down due to the lack of a shelter. Microscopically, the point of contact between the particles to be ground contacting each other is the shearing start point, and so-called shearing forces are applied to both sides of the particle to be ground in opposite directions from this shearing start point. ,
As a result, each particle to be crushed is divided into a plurality of particles, and the crushing of the particles to be crushed is repeated by rotation of the rotating disk, whereby the crushing proceeds.

As described above, according to the pulverizing method of the present invention, the particles to be pulverized are placed in a densely packed state, and then divided in the shearing direction so as to pulverize the particles to be pulverized located in the shear plane. Therefore, in the conventional pulverization method of pulverizing the particles to be pulverized by a compressing action, a shearing action, an impact action, etc. between the pulverizing device and the pulverized particles in a pulverizing space where the respective pulverized particles can freely move with each other. In comparison, the pulverization is performed more efficiently, and the particles to be pulverized can be finely pulverized to a particle diameter of 3 μm or less, which cannot be realized by the conventional continuous pulverization method.

That is, in the conventional continuous pulverization method, the pulverization proceeds by allowing the pulverized particles to move freely in the pulverization space so that the surface of the pulverized particles is scraped off. For example, since the core portion of the particles to be ground cannot be bisected, there is a limit in the fine grinding, and the fine particles cannot be ground to a particle diameter of 3 μm or less. This conventional inconvenience was solved by continuously supplying the particles to be ground between the fixed disk and the rotating disk while controlling the pressure in the grinding space to a pressure at which a pseudo solid body can be obtained. .

The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2
In the described invention, in the initial stage of the operation, the amount of the particles to be pulverized introduced into the casing is made larger than the amount of the pulverized particles derived from the casing, and the pressure in the pulverization space reaches a pressure capable of forming a pseudo solid body. After that, the amount of pulverized particles discharged from the casing and the amount of pulverized particles to be charged into the casing are balanced.

According to the present invention, since the casing is not filled with the particles to be ground (crushing material) in the early stage of the operation, the amount of the grinding material introduced into the casing is made larger than the amount to be discharged so that the casing is pulverized. The crushing material is quickly filled in the space. When the inside of the crushing space reaches a preset set pressure, the amount of crushed material introduced into the casing is reduced to balance with the amount of crushed material, thereby ensuring a steady state after securing the set pressure in continuous operation. Is realized. Whether or not the inside of the crushing space has reached the set pressure can be known by detecting the power consumption of the drive motor that drives the rotating disk.

Once the set pressure in the pulverizing space is secured, the supply amount of the crushing material may be controlled so that the introduction amount of the crushing material is constant.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for crushing particles to be continuously pulverized by subjecting the particles to be supplied into a cylindrical casing to a continuous shearing treatment. An annular fixed disk concentrically housed in a cylindrical casing, a rotating disk fitted concentrically on the fixed disk, and rotating around an axis by driving of a driving means, and a rotating disk and a fixed disk. Crushing material supply means for continuously supplying the particles to be crushed to the cavity as a crushing space formed on the opposing surface, and pressure detection means for detecting the pressure applied to the crushed particles in the crushing space,
Control means for controlling the supply amount of the supply means so that the pressure applied to the particles to be ground based on the detected pressure detected by the pressure detection means becomes a pressure at which a preset pseudo solid is obtained. It is characterized by comprising.

According to this invention, the particles to be ground are sequentially fed into the grinding space by the driving of the crushing material supply means while the rotating disk is rotated around the axis by the driving of the driving means, whereby the particles to be ground are In the shearing surface between the cavities recessed in each of the rotating disk and the stationary fixed disk, grinding is performed by a shearing action by the rotation of the rotating disk.

The control means determines whether or not the particles to be pulverized in the pulverizing space have reached a preset pressure based on a detection signal from the pressure detecting means. When not outputting a control signal to increase the supply amount of particles to be pulverized supplied to the pulverization space,
By executing a so-called feedback control that outputs a control signal for suppressing the supply amount when the inside of the crushing space exceeds the set pressure, the inside of the crushing space is always at a pressure at which a preset pseudo solid can be obtained. The particles to be pulverized are subjected to a shearing action by rotation of the rotating disk about the axis under the same pressure conditions, and are pulverized.

By setting the set pressure to a pressure at which the particles to be pulverized are packed closest to each other in the pulverizing space and turned into a pseudo solid, the pseudo solid formed in the pulverizing space is rotated by the rotating disk. The grinding process is performed by breaking in the shear direction due to the shearing by rotation, whereby the particles to be ground located on the shear surface are divided into two, and the conventional grinding process by double-sided peeling of the particles to be ground is performed. It is pulverized to a particle diameter of 3 μm or less, which was difficult to obtain.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect of the invention, the pressure detecting means detects the amount of electric power supplied to the driving means.

According to the present invention, the rotating torque of the rotating disk is proportional to the amount of electric power supplied to the driving means, and the rotating torque of the rotating disk is applied to the particles to be ground pressed into the grinding space. Since the pressure is proportional to the pressure, the pressing force on the particles to be ground is eventually proportional to the amount of electric power supplied to the driving means (current value when the voltage is constant),
By detecting the electric energy, it is possible to detect the pressure applied to the particles to be ground.

Since the amount of electric power can be easily detected by using a predetermined meter, the electric energy is compared with a case where the pressure applied to the particles to be ground in the grinding space is directly detected.
Pressure detection becomes easier.

The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 4 or 5.
In the invention described above, the fixed disk is provided with a heat medium passage through which a heat medium flows.

According to the present invention, the temperature of the particles to be crushed in the crushing space can be adjusted by circulating the heat medium through the heat medium passage provided in the fixed disk.

[0036]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a fine pulverizing apparatus according to the present invention. As shown in this figure, the pulverizing device 1 includes an apparatus main body 2 located at a central portion,
A raw material supply mechanism 3 laid on the upper part of the apparatus main body 2;
A rotation comprising a rotating shaft 4 penetrating the apparatus main body 2 in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of rotating disks (first to fourth rotating disks 51 to 54) concentrically arranged on the tip side of the rotating shaft 4. The disk group 5 and a plurality of shear cylinders (first to fourth shear cylinders 61) provided so as to surround the rotary disks 51 to 54.
To 64), a fixed disk group 7 made up of a plurality of fixed disks (first to third fixed disks 71 to 73) arranged to face each rotating disk, and an adjacent rotating disk. It has a basic configuration including an intermediate screw 8 provided concentrically between the disks and a control device 9 for controlling the operation of the device as a whole.

Each disk (the first to fourth rotating disks 51 to 54, the first to fourth shearing cylinders 61 to 64, and the first to fourth rotating disks 51 to 54, the rotating disk group 5, the shearing cylinder group 6, and the fixed disk group 7) 3 (fixed disks 71 to 73) are concentrically and alternately stacked, and a plurality of tie rods 20 (only one is shown in FIG. 1) penetrate and are fixed to the apparatus main body 2. A portion for pulverizing the crushing material M (pulverized raw material) in the pulverizing device 1 is formed. Then, between the outer surface of the rotating disk group 5 and the inner surface of the shearing cylinder group 6,
And the tip side of the rotary shaft body 4 from the substantially central portion and the rotary disk group 5
A pulverizing space S2 for pulverizing the pulverizing material M sent from the base end side of the rotary shaft 4 is formed in the annular gap formed between them.

The apparatus main body 2 is formed in a cylindrical shape so that the rotary shaft 4 can be concentrically housed therein. A crushing material feeding space S1 that accommodates the crushing material M supplied from the raw material supply mechanism 3 in the annular gap between the inner peripheral surface of the apparatus main body 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft body 4 and sends the crushing material M to the crushing space S2. Are formed. Also, on the base end side of the device main body 2 (right side in FIG. 1),
A driving device 21 for rotating the rotating shaft body 4 around the axis is provided. The driving shaft 22 of the driving device 21 has its distal end fixed concentrically to the base end side of the rotating shaft body 4, whereby the driving rotation of the driving shaft 22 around the axis by the driving of the driving device 21 can be performed. 4 directly.

The raw material supply mechanism 3 includes a raw material hopper 31 provided immediately above the driving device 21 and a screw feeder 32 attached to the bottom of the raw material hopper 31 so as to extend forward and parallel to the rotary shaft 4. And a vertically extending raw material charging cylinder 33 interposed between the front end of the screw feeder 32 and the apparatus main body 2. The lower end of the raw material charging cylinder 33 is fitted into a raw material charging port 23 formed in the upper center of the apparatus main body 2, and the crushing material M cut out from the raw material hopper 31 by driving the screw feeder 32 is used as the raw material charging cylinder. It is designed to be sequentially loaded into the crushing material feeding space S1 of the apparatus main body 2 via 33 and the raw material inlet 23.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway side view showing one embodiment of the rotating shaft body 4. FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a length of the spline shaft 43 in which three fixed disks and four rotating disks can be mounted. Dimensions (L
In the example set in 1), (b) is a length dimension (L) in which the spline shaft 43 can mount one fixed disk and two rotating disks.
Each of the examples set in 2) is shown. Incidentally, FIG. 2A corresponds to the fine pulverizing apparatus 1 shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rotary shaft 4 is driven by a cylindrical feed screw 41 fixed concentrically to the end face of the drive shaft 22 and a base end side concentrically fitted into the feed screw 41 and driven inside. The spline shaft 43 is fixed to the shaft 22 and has a front end side protruding outward from the feed screw 41.

The feed screw 41 has a spiral thread 42 screwed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. This spiral strip 4
The outer diameter of 2 is set slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the apparatus main body 2 so that the outer peripheral surface of the spiral strip 42 is in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the apparatus main body 2. Therefore, the driving device 2
When the feed screw 41 is rotated by the drive of No. 1, the crushing material M loaded in the crushing material feeding space S1 is pressed and guided by the spiral streak 42 and sequentially moves downstream (to the left in FIG. 1), It is supplied to the crushing space S2.

The spline shaft 43 has a plurality of spline strips 44 extending in the longitudinal direction projecting at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface thereof. ing. A male screw 45 protruding integrally and concentrically is provided on the tip end surface of the spline shaft 43, and the rotating disk group 5 is provided with an intermediate screw 8 between adjacent rotating disks.
The external thread 4 is fitted to the spline shaft 43 through the
The nut 46 is screwed to the nut 5 to ensure that the rotary disk group 5 and the intermediate screw 8 are securely mounted to the rotary shaft 4.

The number of rotating disks mounted on the spline shaft 43 and the number of fixed disks forming a pair with the rotating disk can be adjusted by changing the length of the spline shaft 43.

The number of rotating discs and fixed discs to be mounted depends on the properties of the crushing material M (whether the crushing material M is hard or difficult to crush, or soft and easy to crush), and the required particle size of the crushed material. Etc. When the number of rotating disks and fixed disks is set, the length of the spline shaft 43 is determined accordingly.

That is, the material of the material to be pulverized by the fine pulverizing apparatus 1 of the present invention is not determined, and therefore, the shear fracture stress of the material to be pulverized also changes. To cope with this, it is required to change the number of combinations of a fixed disk and a rotating disk for performing shear grinding. FIGS. 2A and 2B are exemplifications for explaining this, and the present invention provides
The length dimension of the spline shaft 43 is not limited to only two types, L1 in FIG. 2A and L2 in FIG. 2B, but may be various length dimensions depending on the situation. Can be replaced with a spline shaft. By this replacement, it is possible to freely correspond to the desired number of combinations of the fixed disk and the rotating disk, and thereby the crushing apparatus 1 can be made very versatile.

Hereinafter, the rotating disk and the fixed disk will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 is a front view showing a first rotating disk and a first fixed disk, FIG. 4 is a front view showing a second rotating disk and a second fixed disk, and FIG. 5 is a front view showing a third and fourth rotating disk and a third fixed disk, respectively. 1 as viewed from the upstream side (right side) to the downstream side. In these figures,
(A) shows a rotating disk, and (B) shows a fixed disk. The rotating disk and the fixed disk are arranged to face each other as shown in FIG.

First, the most upstream side of the rotating disk group 5 (FIG. 1)
The first rotating disk 51 shown in (a) of FIG. 3 is provided on the rightmost side of FIG. 3, and the most upstream side of the fixed disk group 7 is shown in (b) of FIG. The first fixed disk 71.

The first rotating disk 51 is formed in a circular shape whose outer diameter is set slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first shearing cylinder 61, and has a mounting hole which is fitted in the center position of the spline shaft 43 in sliding contact therewith. 55 are drilled. A plurality of locking recesses 55a corresponding to the spline strips 44 of the spline shaft 43 are formed in the inner peripheral surface of the mounting hole 55, and each locking recess 55a is externally fitted to the corresponding spline strip 44 so as to be the first. The rotating disk 51 can rotate concentrically with the spline shaft 43.

On the front and back surfaces of the first rotating disk 51, there are formed ridges 56 which extend slightly obliquely from the center to the outside in the radial direction, and crush between adjacent ridges 56. A cavity 57 for tightly filling the material M is formed. In the present embodiment, the first rotating disk 5
1 has six peaks 56 formed therein, and six cavities 57 corresponding thereto.

On the outer peripheral surface of the first rotating disk 51, a plurality of saw-tooth projections 56a projecting at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction are provided corresponding to the peaks 56. The saw-tooth projection 56a is formed so that the radial dimension gradually increases in the clockwise direction.
The number of pitches is set so as to match the tip of. As shown in FIG. 1, the top 56 b of the saw tooth projection 56 a is formed obliquely with respect to the axis of the rotating shaft 4 in a side view, and the first rotating disk 51 rotates around the rotating shaft 4. As a result, the crushing material M is guided by the inclination of the top 56b of the sawtooth projection 56a and moves downstream.

The first fixed disk 71 corresponds to the first rotating disk 51 and has a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the first rotating disk 51. An annular frame 720 whose outer diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the shearing cylinders 61 to 64 is integrally formed on the outer periphery of the first fixed disk 71, and the first and second annular frames 720 are adjacent to each other. Shearing cylinder 6
1 and 62, the first fixed disk 7
1 are mounted between the shear cylinders as shown in FIG. The tie rod 20 is attached to the annular frame 720.
A plurality of fastening holes 74 drilled at equal pitches in the circumferential direction for inserting through holes are provided.

An insertion hole 75 having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the intermediate screw 8 is formed at the center of the first fixed disk 71. On the inner peripheral surface of the insertion hole 75, a plurality of sawtooth recesses 75a having a plurality of sawtooth shapes are formed at equal pitches in the circumferential direction. Each saw tooth recess 7
5a is shaped so that the diameter dimension gradually increases in the clockwise direction.

On the surface side (upstream surface in FIG. 1) of the first fixed disk 71, there are provided four crests 76 whose adjacent ones are orthogonal to each other in the radial direction. In the peripheral portion, a peripheral weir 77 that is flush with the mountain portion 76
Is provided. A cavity 78 for densely filling the crushing material M is recessed in a portion surrounded by the mountain portion 76 and the peripheral weir portion 77.

According to the configuration of the first rotating disk 51 and the first fixed disk 71, the first rotating disk 51 is driven by the driving device 21.
The crushing material M densely filled in the cavities 57 and 78 by the co-rotation of the rotating disk 51 around the spline shaft 43 is filled in the cavities 57 of the first rotating disk 51 by the presence of the peaks 56 and 76 that partition the cavities 57 and 78. And the first
Since it is divided into two parts by the so-called shearing, which is divided into those in the cavity 78 of the fixed disk 71, the particles to be ground of the milling material M at the boundary position between the two cavities 57, 78 are divided and ground.

The mirrors 56 and cavities 57 having the same shape are formed on the front and back surfaces of the first rotating disk 51, while the back surface of the first fixed disk 71 is described below. A ridge portion 76, a peripheral weir portion 77, and a cavity 78 having the same shape as those provided on the surface side of the second fixed disk 72 are provided.

Next, the second one from the most upstream side (the rightmost side in FIG. 1) of the rotating disk group 5 is the second rotating disk 52 shown in FIG. The second fixed disk 72 shown in (b) of FIG. Second rotating disk 5
Each of the second and second fixed disks 72 is basically configured the same as the first rotating disk 51 and the first fixed disk 71, but the number of peaks 56, 76 is the first rotating disk 51 and the first fixed disk 71. It is formed more than that of the fixed disk 71. Specifically, the first rotating disk 51 has six peaks 56, whereas the second rotating disk 52 has twice the number of peaks 56, i.e., twelve. The first fixed disk 71 has four peaks 76, whereas the second fixed disk 72 has twelve peaks 76.

Second rotating disk 52 and second fixed disk 72
According to the first embodiment, the same operation as that of the first rotating disk 51 and the first fixed disk 71 can be obtained, and the cavities 57 and 7 can be obtained.
Since the capacity of the crushing material M is small, better crushing of the particles to be crushed by the shearing action according to the progress of crushing of the crushing material M is realized.

The mirrors 56 and the cavities 57 having the same shape are also formed on the front and back surfaces of the second rotating disk 52, while the third fixed disks 72 are formed on the back surface of the second fixed disk 72. A ridge 76, a peripheral weir 77 and a cavity 78 having the same shape as those provided on the surface side of the disk 73 are provided.

Next, the third one from the most upstream side (the rightmost side in FIG. 1) of the rotating disk group 5 is the third rotating disk 53 shown in FIG. The third fixed disk 73 shown in (b) of FIG. When the crushing material M reaches between the third rotating disk 53 and the third fixed disk 73, the particle size of the particles to be crushed is considerably reduced by the crushing by the upstream rotating disk and the fixed disk. The cavities 57 and 78 formed in the third rotating disk 53 and the third fixed disk 73 are formed by a plurality of grooves facing each other. Other configurations are the same as those described above. Further, the fourth rotating disk 54 is configured exactly the same as the third rotating disk 53.

Hereinafter, the rotating disk group 5, the shearing cylinder group 6, and the fixed disk group 7 will be further described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 is a partial view of the fine grinding device 1 shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
-A line sectional view, (B) is a BB line sectional view, (C) is
It is CC sectional drawing. In FIG. 6, the second fixed disk 72 of the fixed disk group 7 is shown at the center as a representative.

First, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG.
Each of the fixed disks 71 to 73 (only the second fixed disk 72 is shown in FIG. 6) is provided with an annular heat medium passage 79 through which a heat medium for heating or cooling passes, and a shear cylinder 61. 6 to 64 (only the second and third shearing cylinders 62 and 63 are shown in FIG. 6) are provided with a similar heat medium passage 65. Incidentally, when the heat medium is for heating, hot water or steam is used as the heat medium, and when the heat medium is for cooling, cooling water is used as the heat medium.

Each of the shearing cylinders 61 to 64 is provided with a heat medium supply hole 65a and a heat medium discharge hole 65b which are externally connected to the heat medium passage 65, as shown in FIGS. And each fixed disk 71-7
7, a heat medium supply hole 79a and a heat medium discharge hole 79b communicating with the heat medium passage 79 from the outside are provided as shown in FIG. , 79a into the heat medium passages 65, 79 and discharged from the heat medium discharge holes 65b, 79b,
The temperature of the crushing material M inside can be adjusted.

The tops 56b (FIGS. 3 to 5) of the saw tooth projections 56a provided on the outer peripheral surface of each of the rotating disks 51 to 54 are
In FIG. 6, the crushing material M which is formed with a slope rising to the left (in this embodiment, the twist angle is set to 15 ° to 45 °) and has reached the peripheral surfaces of the rotating disks 51 to 54,
As the rotating disks 51 to 54 rotate, they move toward the downstream side (to the left in FIG. 6) while being guided by this inclination. A clockwise screw 81 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate screw 8, and the crushing material M that has reached the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate screw 8 is guided by the screw 81 by the rotation of the intermediate screw 8. It moves to the downstream side.

The distance between the inner peripheral surfaces of the shearing cylinders 61 to 64 and the outer peripheral surfaces of the rotating disks 51 to 54 is 0.1 mm to
A gap of 3.0 mm is formed, and a similar gap is formed between the front and back surfaces of the fixed disks 71 to 73 and the opposing surfaces of the rotating disks 51 to 54. Therefore, the crushing material M
Are propelled upstream by passing through these gaps due to the propulsion force generated by the saw tooth projections 56a and the threads 81 obtained by the corotation of the rotating disks 51 to 54 and the intermediate screw 8 around the rotating shaft body 4 (spline shaft 43). Side (right side of Fig. 1)
From one to the downstream side.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 6 (only the second and third shear cylinders 62 and 63 are shown in FIG. 6), the inner peripheral surfaces of the shear cylinders 61 to 64 have an arcuate cross section. In the circumferential direction, as shown in FIG. 7A, a saw-tooth recess 66 formed in a saw-tooth shape corresponding to the saw-tooth projection 56a of the rotating disks 51 to 54 is formed. As the material M accumulates, it is subjected to repeated shearing between the saw tooth projections 56a and the saw tooth recesses 66, so that reliable pulverization is achieved.

Then, the inner peripheral surfaces of the shear cylinders 61 to 64 are cross-sectionally viewed (to pass along the plane formed by passing through the cores of the shear cylinders 61 to 64 and going in the radial direction in parallel with the cores). The grinding cylinder supplied to the gap between the outer peripheral surfaces of the rotating disks 51 to 54 and the inner peripheral surfaces of the shearing cylinders 61 to 64 because of the arc shape in the cross section when the shearing cylinders 61 to 64 are cut). The particles are guided by the arc-shaped inner peripheral surface, smoothly move toward the downstream side, and the particles to be pulverized are deposited on the corner formed between the adjacent fixed disks 71 to 73 and the wall surface. The inconvenience of being compacted can be reliably prevented.

That is, since the inner peripheral surface of the conventional shearing cylinder is formed linearly in a sectional view, a right-angled corner is formed between the inner peripheral surface and the wall surface of the adjacent fixed disks 71 to 73. Particles to be crushed accumulate at the corners and are compacted, and this compacted material sometimes peels off and mixes with the particles to be crushed, thereby causing a problem that the homogeneity of the particles to be crushed may be impaired. I did,
In the present embodiment, since the inner peripheral surfaces of the shearing cylinders 61 to 64 are arc-shaped in cross section to guide the particles to be ground, the conventional inconvenience that the particles to be ground are deposited on the corners is avoided. It came to be.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, a saw-tooth recess 70 corresponding to the thread 81 of the intermediate screw 8 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the fixed disks 71 to 73 in the circumferential direction. Since the crushing material M stays in this portion at the same pitch, repeated grinding and shearing is performed between the saw tooth protrusion 56a and the saw tooth concave portion 66, so that fine pulverization is achieved.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a state in which the crushing material M supplied to the gap between the rotating disk and the fixed disk or the gap between the rotating disk and the shearing cylinder is subjected to a shearing action. In FIG. 8, the fixed-side crushing member (ie, the shear cylinder group 6 and the fixed disk group 7) is represented as a fixed-side crushing member 11, and the rotating-side crushing member (ie, the rotating disk group 5) is referred to as a rotating-side crushing member. It is expressed as 12.

As shown in FIG. 8, the opposing surface of the fixed-side crushing member 11 with respect to the rotating-side crushing member 12 (the fixed-side opposing surface 11
a) includes an arc-shaped fixed recess 11b (cavities 78 (FIGS. 3 to 5) of fixed disks 71 to 73) or saw tooth recesses 66 of shear cylinders 61 to 64 for loading the crushing material M at a predetermined pitch. 7 (corresponding to (a) and (c) of FIG. 7), a plurality of recesses are provided. On the other hand, the fixed side recess 12 11b at the same pitch as the rotating recess 12b
(Dent portions (corresponding to (A) in FIGS. 3 to 5)) between the saw tooth protrusions 56 a of the rotating disks 51 to 54 are recessed.

The rotary side crushing member 12 is adapted to move from the left to the right with respect to the fixed side crushing member 11 as shown by an arrow in FIG. The fixed side recess 11b
The fixed-side gently inclined portion 11c is recessed from the fixed-side facing surface 11a toward the moving direction of the rotating-side crushing member 12 with a gentle inclination.
And a fixed-side steeply inclined portion 11d rising from the bottom with a steep inclination. Also, the rotation side recess 1
2b is a rotating-side steeply inclined portion 12d, which is opposite to the fixed-side recessed portion 11b and is suddenly recessed from the rotating-side opposing surface 12a in the moving direction of the rotating-side crushing member 12, and is followed by a gentle rotating-side inclined portion. A portion 12c is formed.

Due to such shapes of the recesses 11b and 12b, the fixed-side gentle inclined portion 11c and the rotating-side gentle inclined portion 12c face each other with the crushing material M interposed therebetween, and the fixed-side sharply inclined portion 11d and the rotating-side sharply inclined portion 11d. The inclined part 12d is opposed to the inclined part 12d. And in this embodiment, the clearance dimension t between the fixed side facing surface 11a and the rotating side facing surface 12a is
The size is set to 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm.

According to the structure of the crushing members 11 and 12, by moving (rotating) the rotating-side crushing member 12 in the direction of the arrow, the crushing material M fitted into each of the recesses 11 b and 12 b can be rotated. Steep slope 12d and fixed steep slope 1
1d, it is pressed and compressed, and moves sequentially downstream while being subjected to strong compression processing.

The mechanism of this movement is as follows. That is, for example, taking the second rotating disk 52 and the second fixed disk 72 of FIG. 4 as an example, the boundary between the cavity 57 which is a concave portion formed on the second rotating disk 52 and the crest portion 56 which is a convex portion is formed. The flight part (the corner having the role of a scraper for chipping the crushing material M) existing at the line position and the flight part of the second fixed disk 72 are set to intersect each other at a predetermined angle. As a result, the intersection position (intersection point of each scraper) is moved by the rotation of the second rotating disk 52, and the rotational force of the second rotating disk 52 is moved in the radial direction according to the predetermined angle by the movement of this intersection point. The crushing material M acts on the crushing material M as a head force, whereby the crushing material M moves from the upstream side to the downstream side.

The control device 9 controls the overall operation of the pulverizing device 1 and is constituted by a so-called microcomputer. In the pulverizing device 1, sensors for detecting various data necessary for operation are provided at various places. Detection signals detected by these sensors are input to the control device 9 one by one, and the detection signals A control signal based on the output is output to various devices constituting the pulverizing apparatus 1, and the pulverizing apparatus 1 is normally operated by driving of the apparatus.

In particular, according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, an ammeter 91 for detecting a current supplied to the driving device 21 via a power supply device 92 is provided with a crushing material M in the crushing space S2. It is employed as a pressure detecting means according to the present invention for detecting the pressure received. And the control device 9
A control signal is output to the power supply device 92 based on the current value detected by the ammeter 91, and the power supply device 92 controls the amount of power supplied to the drive device 21 based on the control signal. . In the present embodiment, the ammeter 91
Is used as a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure received by the crushing material M loaded in the crushing space S2.

The reason why the pressure applied to the crushing material M in the crushing space S2 is detected by the current value of the electric power supplied from the power supply device 92 to the driving device 21 is as follows. That is, the crushing material M filled in the crushing space S2
Is caused by the rotation of the rotating disk group 5, and when the degree of clogging of the crushing material M into the crushing space S2 is low (that is, when the pressure applied to the crushing material M is low), the pressure applied to the rotating disk group 5 While the load torque for rotation is small,
When the degree of the clogging is high (that is, when the pressure applied to the crushing material M is high), the load torque with respect to the rotation of the rotating disk group 5 increases. Accordingly, the amount of electric power required for the rotating disk group 5 to rotate is proportional to the degree of clogging of the crushing material M into the crushing space S2, that is, the pressure applied to the crushing material M by the rotation of the rotating disk group 5. Therefore, the pressure applied to the crushing material M in the crushing space S2 can be known by detecting the electric energy, that is, the current value.

More specifically, when the detection signal from the ammeter 91 is lower than a preset current value, the control device 9 controls the power supply device 92 to supply more power to the drive device 21. When the detection signal is higher than the preset current value while the signal is output, the control device 9 outputs a control signal for suppressing the power supply amount to the power supply device 92.

At the most downstream side of the pulverizer 1 (the left end of the pulverizer 1 in FIG. 1), the amount of pulverized material discharged through the fourth rotating disk 54 to the outside is detected. A crushed product sensor 93 is provided. Then, the discharge amount of the crushed material detected by the crushed material sensor 93 is input to the control device 9 one by one, and the control device 9 crushes the cutout amount of the crushing material M toward the raw material supply mechanism 3 based on the detection signal. A control signal is output to make the same as the discharge amount of the object. Thereby, the fine crushing apparatus 1 is operated in a state where the supply amount of the crushing material M and the discharge amount of the crushed material are always balanced.

The control device 9 is not indispensable in the operation of the pulverizing device 1. The power supply device 92 is manually operated while visually observing the ammeter 91, and the pulverized material discharged from the pulverizing device 1 is not operated. Raw material supply mechanism 3
May be operated manually to balance the supply amount of the crushing material M and the discharge amount of the crushed material.

According to the pulverizing apparatus 1 of this embodiment described in detail above, the raw material hopper 31 (FIG. 1) is charged with a predetermined amount of the crushing material M, and then the raw material supply mechanism 3 is driven and the power supply 92 From the drive shaft 21 to the driving device 21.
Rotate 2. Then, the crushing material M in the raw material hopper 31 is supplied into the crushing material feeding space S1 through the raw material charging cylinder 33 by the driving of the screw feeder 32, where the feed screw concentrically rotates with the drive shaft 22. It is guided to the crushing space S2 by being guided by the spiral strip 42 of 41.

The crushing material M sent into the crushing space S2 first rubs the gap between the first shearing cylinder 61 and the first fixed disk 71 by the rotation of the first rotating disk 51 around the spline shaft 43 (FIG. 2). After passing through the second rotating disk 52, the second rotating disk 52, the third rotating disk 5
It passes through the third and fourth rotating disks 54 and is discharged out of the system.

At the beginning of the operation, since the crushing material M is not clogged in the crushing space S2, the crushing space S2 passes through the crushing space S2 by the rotation of the rotating disk group 5, but in this state, Since the load on the rotation of the disk group 5 is lower than the steady state, a large amount of electric power is not required for the rotation of the disk group 5. Therefore, the current value detected by the ammeter 91 is smaller than a preset current value, and the control device 9 outputs a control signal for increasing the power supply amount to the power supply device 92.

As a result, the number of rotations of the rotating disk group 5 is increased, and the amount of the crushing material M sent to the crushing space S2 is increased, whereby the crushing material M is sequentially pushed into the crushing space S2, and The rotation load of No. 5 gradually increases.
Finally, a pseudo solid material in which the crushing material M is compacted in the crushing space S2 is formed. In this state, the current value detected by the ammeter 91 reaches a preset current value, and the feedback control by the control device 9 functions so as to maintain this current value. , A steady state in which the predetermined number of revolutions is maintained. In this state, the pulverized material as a product is continuously drawn out of the system from the fourth rotating disk 54.

Next, the pulverizing method according to the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the pulverizing apparatus 1 described above is used for implementing the pulverizing method of the present invention. That is, in the pulverization method of the present invention, the pulverizing material (particles to be pulverized) M is supplied to each of the concave portions (the rotating disk group 5 and the fixed disk group 7) of the opposing pulverizing members (the rotating disk group 5 and the fixed disk group 7) so as to have a preset pressure. 8 is pressed into a crushing space formed with the rotary side concave portion 12b and the fixed side concave portion 11b), thereby relatively moving each crushing member in the opposite direction in a state where a pseudo solid body is formed in each concave portion. It is.

Specifically, as described above, the crushing material M loaded in the crushing material feed space S1 (FIG. 1) from the raw material hopper 31 via the screw feeder 32 and the raw material charging cylinder 33 is driven. The gap between the rotating disks 51-54, the shearing cylinders 61-64 and the fixed disks 71-73, that is, the pulverizing space S while being guided to the spiral strip 42 by the rotation of the feed screw 41 driven by the device 21.
2 and the quasi-solid body made of the crushing material M formed by being pressed into the recesses 11b, 12b (FIG. 8) by the rotation of the rotating disk group 5 in the grinding space S2 is fixed to the fixed recess 11b and the rotating side. The shearing is performed with the shearing surface located on the boundary line between the concave portion 12b as a boundary, whereby the crushed particles themselves located in the shearing surface are destroyed and pulverized so that the solid body is broken by the shearing. Processing is performed.

That is, in the pulverization method of the present invention, the crushing material M is pushed into the closed space with a large pressure to form a pseudo solid once, and the pseudo solid is sheared to crush the particles to be comminuted constituting the pseudo solid. The pulverization mechanism is fundamentally different from the conventional method of pulverizing and applying energy for pulverization to the pulverizing material M in an open space.

This is clear from Coulomb's law of friction described below. In other words, Coulomb's law of friction states that when a powder layer is in a hexagonal close-packed state with spherical particles of the same diameter, when shearing acts on this powder layer, the powder layer once becomes four-sided and expands in volume. This is a formula for calculating the shear stress acting on the powder layer at the time of expansion in the so-called dilatancy phenomenon when pressure is applied again to return to the hexagonal close-packed state, and is expressed by the following formula. τi = σv ·
tanΦi + C = σv · μi + C where τi is a shearing stress, σv is a pressing stress applied to the powder layer, Φi
Is the internal friction angle generated in each particle, μi is the friction coefficient of each particle, and C is the adhesive force (the total force of suction force by electrostatic, liquid bridging force and Van der Waals force).

However, in the equation, when a shearing force is applied to the powder layer while sequentially increasing the pressing stress σv, the sliding motion between the powder particles stops, that is, the so-called dilatancy phenomenon stops. Becomes a quasi-solid body.

The particles to be crushed into a pseudo solid body in the cavity are finely divided by a frictional wear phenomenon caused by a rotational force of the rotating disk at a shearing surface S formed at a boundary position where the rotating disk and the fixed disk face each other. Crushed.

Therefore, conventionally, the pulverizing method and the pulverizing apparatus have been constructed on the premise that the particles to be pulverized can move freely, and there is no idea that the particles that have stopped moving can be pulverized. Can be. Moreover, when the crushed particles are continuously crushed in the crushing space in which the crushed particles can move, as described in the section of the problem to be solved, the average particle diameter can be reduced to 3 μm or less. You can't.

Therefore, in the present invention, the conventional common sense is overturned, and the particles to be ground are confined in the grinding space S2 without depending on the above formula, and the pseudo solids are contained in the grinding space S2 without moving. Is formed, and the particles located on the shear surface are destroyed by shearing the pseudo-solid body, and the pulverizing treatment is performed by repeating this.

FIG. 9 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining the method of the present invention. FIG. 9A shows a state in which the concave portions 11b and 12b of the fixed-side crushing member 11 and the rotating-side crushing member 12 are opposed to each other. (B) shows a state in which the concave portions 11b and 12b are displaced from each other due to the movement of the rotation-side crushing member 12, respectively. In this figure, the gap between each of the opposing surfaces 11a and 12a is drawn to be smaller than the diameter of the particles X to be ground for ease of explanation.

First, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), many particles X to be crushed are fixedly crushed and rotating crushed members 11 in a close-packed state (ie, a state in which a pseudo solid is formed). The crushing space S2 formed by the twelve concave portions 11b and 12b is filled. In this state, the particles X to be crushed are present in the crushing space S2 of each of the crushing members 11 and 12 so as to cross the shear plane S. In FIG. 9A, the particles X to be crushed are drawn such that a portion radially away from the center by a predetermined distance is located on the shear plane S.

In this state, when the rotating side pulverizing member 12 is moved rightward as shown by an arrow, each of the particles X to be pulverized in the pulverizing space S2 is a quasi-solid body. ), The upper and lower particles X to be crushed located on the shear surface S are respectively sheared at the portions projecting outward from the shear surface S (in the figure, the crushed pieces are shown by arc-shaped fragments). Pulverization is performed by this forced shearing treatment.
Since this shearing can occur at the boundary of the shear plane S, the effect of reducing the particles is extremely large as compared with the conventional pulverization mechanism in which the particle surface is peeled off based on the shear stress τi of the above-described formula. This is the reason why the method of the present invention can pulverize the average particle diameter, which could not be achieved conventionally, to 3 μm or less.

[0097] The particles X to be pulverized in the pulverizing space S2 are fed to the feed screw 41 via the pulverizing material M on the upstream side.
The pressing force from the spiral streak 42 due to the rotation of FIG. 1 and the rotating-side steeply inclined portion 12 d due to the rotation of the rotating-side crushing member 12.
Since the pressing force from FIG. 8 is applied, the grinding space S2
The particles X to be crushed move toward the downstream side while gradually changing the position while forming a pseudo solid at each moment due to these pressing forces, whereby the continuous crushing process is performed. It will be finely pulverized.

In the present embodiment, in the fine pulverizing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, the pulverizing material M supplied to the pulverizing space S2 is pressed with a pressing force necessary to become a pseudo solid in the pulverizing space S2. Is done. By the way, the crushing material supply speed of the feed screw 41 for supplying the crushing material M into the crushing space S2 is set to F
1 (m ³ / min), the density of the crushing material M before being supplied to the crushing space S2 (density before treatment) is ε1 (kg / m ³ ), and the moving speed of the crushing material M in the crushing space S2 is F2 ( m ³ / m
in) and the density of the crushing material M in the crushing space S2 (density in the crushing space) is ε2 (kg / m ³ ), the following holds: F1 × ε1 = F2 × ε2. When the density ε2 in the crushing space is obtained by modifying the equation, the following equation is obtained: ε2 = ε1 × (F1 / F2).

The equation indicates that the density ε2 of the crushing material M in the crushing space can be increased by increasing the value of (F1 / F2), assuming that the density ε1 of the crushing material M before treatment is constant. Is shown. In order to increase the value of (F1 / F2), it is sufficient to increase the value of the crushing material supply speed F1 and decrease the value of the crushing material moving speed F2 in the crushing space. In order to increase the value of the crushing material supply speed F1, the amount of power supplied to the driving device 21 may be increased to increase the rotation speed of the feed screw 41, and the value of the crushing material moving speed F2 in the crushing space may be reduced. In order to do this, the rotating disks 51-5
4. The shapes of the recesses 11b and 12b (FIG. 8) of the shear cylinders 61 to 64 and the third fixed disk 73 may be appropriately set so that the residence time in the grinding space S2 is made as long as possible.

In the present invention, the rotating disk 51
-54, shearing cylinders 61-64 and third fixed disk 7
The shape of each of the recesses 11b and 12b of No. 3 is set as shown in FIG. 8 so that the moving speed F2 of the crushing material in the crushing space is constant within a predetermined condition range, and the power amount set in advance is set. The amount of power (that is, the amount of energy) supplied to the driving device 21 is controlled so as to generate a pseudo solid body formed by compressing a large amount of the particles X to be ground in the grinding space S2. .

As described in detail above, according to the pulverizing method of the present invention, the pulverizing material M is supplied to the pulverizing space S2 such that the rotation of the feed screw 41 and the rotation of the rotary disks 51 to 54 bring the pulverizing material M to a preset pressure. In this state, the particles X to be crushed in the shearing surface of the crushing material M, which is a pseudo solid in each of the recesses 11b and 12b (FIG. 8), are sheared by the rotation of each of the rotating disks 51 to 54. Since the crushing material M is crushed by the crushing material, the particles X to be crushed positioned on the shear surface by the shearing action at this time are crushed by the grinding space S2.
Being destroyed and crushed because there is no escape to others within
By repeating such an operation in the crushing space S2, the particles X to be crushed can be reliably crushed.

[0102]

EXAMPLES (Example 1) Rice husks were pulverized using the fine pulverizer 1 shown in FIG. The pulverizing device 1 has a driving device 21 equipped with a driving motor having a 5.5 kW rated current of 21 A. The screw feeder 32 has a screw diameter of 75 mm, and the feed screw 41 has a screw diameter of 90 mm.

Prior to operating the pulverizer 1, cooling water at 10 ° C. to 20 ° C. is circulated through the heat transfer passages 65 and 79 of the shearing cylinders 61 to 64 and the fixed disks 71 to 73. 6. The fixed disk group 7 and the intermediate screw 8 are prevented from being overheated by frictional heat. At the same time, the raw material hopper 31 was charged with the rice hulls, which were the raw materials for grinding, and the preparation for the grinding process was completed.

Next, the power from the power supply 92 was supplied to the drive unit 21 and the power was also supplied to the raw material supply mechanism 3, whereby the feed screw 41 and the screw feeder 32 were each driven to rotate around the axis. As a result, the rice husks in the raw material hopper 31 are sequentially cut out by the screw feeder 32, and are put into the crushing material feeding space S1 in which the feed screw 41 is rotating via the raw material charging cylinder 33 sequentially. The rice hulls supplied into the crushing material sending space S1 are sequentially transferred toward the downstream side while being guided by the spiral ridges 42 by the rotation of the feed screw 41, and are introduced into the crushing space S2 in which the rotating disk group 5 is rotating. I was pushed in.

Initially, the number of revolutions of the rotating disk group 5 was set to a very gentle speed of 5 revolutions per minute (rpm), so that the rice hulls simply passed through the grinding space S2 and was not pulverized. 64 to the outside. At this time, when the value of the current supplied to the driving device 21 was confirmed by the ammeter 91, it was 3.5 A, which is the same as in the no-load state.

Next, the supply current to the drive device 21 was sequentially increased, and the rotation speed of the feed screw 41 was gradually increased. When the current value became 15 A, the comminution was started. confirmed. Then, when the current value reached 19 A, the rotation of the feed screw 41 was stabilized, and the rice husk crushing process was performed steadily. The discharge amount of the finely pulverized material from the fourth shearing cylinder 64 in this state was 5.4 kg / hr.

The required amount of the finely crushed rice hulls was sampled and the particle size was measured. For the particle size measurement, a SALD-2000-98A2 type particle size distribution meter manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used. The particle size distribution as the measurement result is as shown in the particle size distribution graph of FIG. From this graph, the chaff is
99.60% is finely ground to 3.0 μm or less, 95.6%
3% is finely pulverized to 1.0 μm or less and further 72.3.
It was confirmed that 1% was finely pulverized to 0.5 μm or less. This confirmed that the method and apparatus of the present invention were excellent. (Example 2) Cellulose, which is a raw material for pulp production, was cut into approximately 20 mm squares, and this was stirred in water in a water tank to break up clumps, and then dehydrated until the water content became 15% to 20%. The material was used as a raw material for crushing. The crusher used was the same as that used in Example 1. By the way, since the ground raw material is a cotton ball shape because wet fibrous cellulose is entangled with each other,
Crushing material feed space S1 via screw feeder 32
Since the raw material cannot be charged into the crushing space S2, the raw material was directly injected into the crushing space S2 from the upper opening of the raw material charging cylinder 33.

Then, at first, the feed screw 41 was gently rotated, and the same operation method as in the first embodiment in which the number of rotations was gradually increased was adopted. In a steady state in which the pulverizing process is stable, the current value supplied to the driving device 21 is 19
A was confirmed. At this time, the discharge amount of the finely pulverized material from the fourth shearing cylinder 64 was 3.8 kg / hr.

Example 1 shows the particle size distribution of the obtained finely pulverized product.
The measurement was performed in the same manner as described above. The measurement results are as shown in the particle size distribution graph of FIG. According to this graph, 99.32% of cellulose was finely pulverized to 3.0 μm or less, and 9
2.10% is finely pulverized to 1.0 μm or less.
It was confirmed that 1.64% was pulverized to 0.5 μm or less. This confirmed that the method and apparatus of the present invention were excellent.

[0110]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, each of the pulverizing members is relatively moved in the opposite direction in a state where the pulverized particles are pushed into the pulverizing space so as to have a pressure at which the pseudo solid is formed. As a result, the particles to be ground loaded in the grinding space are divided into one concave portion and the other concave portion by the relative movement, and the particles to be ground located on the shear surface by the shearing action at this time are: Since it is pushed into the pulverizing space at a set pressure, there is no escape to other parts, so that it is broken and pulverized, and by repeating this operation, the particles to be pulverized can be pulverized reliably.

In the conventional pulverization method in which pulverization is performed in a pulverization space in which the particles to be pulverized can move freely, most of the energy used to operate the pulverizing equipment is generated by heat generated by abrasion between the pulverized particles. Although the inconvenience of dissipating as energy occurs, the pulverization method according to claim 1 makes it possible to pulverize the powder to 3 μm or less while minimizing the conversion of energy given to the heat to heat. According to the invention described in claim 2, which can also contribute to a reduction in energy cost, the pressure in the cavity of the continuously supplied particles to be ground is set to the pressure at which the mimetic form is formed. Since the supply amount of the particles to be ground supplied to the grinding space is controlled, the supplied particles to be ground are pushed into the cavity, whereby the particles to be ground overlap with each other. It can be in a state that does not work Te.

The crushing material composed of the particles to be crushed in a highly densely packed state in the crushing space is divided by the relative movement of the rotating disk and the fixed disk in the shearing direction due to the rotation of the rotating disk. The same phenomenon that the solid is sheared into multiple pieces in the shear direction appears, and the particles to be crushed located on the shear surface by this shearing can be finely pulverized effectively because there is no escape place in the cavity. it can.
Such grinding is repeated by the rotation of the rotating disk, whereby the particles to be ground can be continuously pulverized.

As described above, according to the second aspect of the present invention, after the particles to be ground are made into a pseudo-solid body in a highly densely packed state, the particles are sheared in the shear direction to divide the particles to be ground located on the shear plane. In the pulverization space where each pulverized particle can move freely with each other, the conventional pulverization of the pulverized particles by a compressing action, a shearing action, an impact action, etc. between the pulverizing device and the pulverized particles. Compared with the pulverization method, the pulverization can be performed more efficiently, and the particles to be pulverized can be finely pulverized to a particle size of 3 μm or less, which cannot be realized by the conventional continuous pulverization method.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the amount of particles to be ground into the casing in the early stage of operation is made larger than the amount of ground particles discharged from the casing, and the inside of the grinding space is quasi-solid. After reaching a pressure that can form the body,
Since the amount of the pulverized particles discharged from the casing and the amount of the pulverized particles to be charged into the casing are balanced, the casing is not filled with the pulverized particles (crushing material) at an early stage of the operation. By setting the introduction amount of the crushing material into the inside to be larger than the derived amount, the crushing material can be quickly filled in the grinding space. When the pressure in the crushing space reaches a pressure capable of forming a quasi-solid body, the pressure at which the quasi-solid body is formed is ensured by finely adjusting the amount of the crushed material introduced into the casing and balancing the amount of the crushed material with the amount of the crushed material. After that, a steady state of crushing material distribution can be obtained.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, an annular fixed disk concentrically housed in a cylindrical casing, and is fitted concentrically on the fixed disk and rotated about an axis by driving of a driving means. Rotating disk, and crushing material supply means for continuously supplying particles to be crushed to the cavity formed in the rotating disk and the fixed disk, and pressure detection means for detecting the pressure applied to the particles to be crushed in the crushing space, And control means for controlling the supply amount of the pulverized particles supplied to the cavity so that the pressure applied to the pulverized particles based on the detection pressure detected by the pressure detection means becomes the pseudo solid forming pressure. The control means determines whether or not the particles to be ground in the cavity are quasi-solid based on the detection signal from the pressure detecting means, and when the quasi-solid is not obtained, the crushing into the crushing space is performed. A so-called feedback control is performed, in which a control signal for increasing the supply amount of the child is output, and a control signal for suppressing the supply amount is output when the inside of the grinding space exceeds the pseudo solid forming pressure. The pressure for forming the quasi-solid body can be always maintained, and the particles to be crushed can be finely crushed to 3 μm or less under the same pressure condition by a shearing action caused by rotation of the rotating disk about its axis.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the pressure detecting means for detecting the amount of electric power supplied to the driving means is employed, the amount of electric power can be easily detected using a predetermined meter. Thus, the pressure can be easily detected as compared with the case where the pressure applied to the particles to be ground in the grinding space is directly detected.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the heat medium passage for circulating the heat medium is provided in the fixed disk, the heat medium is circulated through the heat medium passage to control the temperature of the particles to be crushed in the crushing space. Can be adjusted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a pulverizing device according to the present invention.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are partially cutaway side views showing one embodiment of a rotating shaft body, wherein FIG. 2A is a state in which a spline shaft is set to a length dimension capable of mounting four rotating disks, and FIG. , The spline shaft is set to a length dimension capable of mounting two rotating disks.

3A and 3B are views showing a first rotating disk and a first fixed disk, wherein FIG. 3A shows a rotating disk, and FIG. 3B shows a fixed disk.

4A and 4B are diagrams showing a second rotating disk and a second fixed disk, wherein FIG. 4A shows a rotating disk, and FIG. 4B shows a fixed disk.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are views showing a third rotating disk and third and fourth fixed disks, wherein FIG. 5A shows a rotating disk, and FIG. 5B shows a fixed disk.

FIG. 6 is a partial view of the pulverizing apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 6,
(A) is a sectional view taken along line AA, (B) is a sectional view taken along line BB, and (C) is a sectional view taken along line CC.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a state in which a crushing material supplied to a gap between the rotating disk and the fixed disk or a gap between the rotating disk and the shearing cylinder is subjected to a shearing action.

9A and 9B are explanatory views schematically illustrating the method of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9A shows a state in which recesses of a fixed-side crushing member and a rotating-side crushing member face each other, and FIG. The state where the respective concave portions are shifted from each other by the movement of the crushing member is shown.

FIG. 10 is a particle size distribution graph showing the particle size distribution of the finely pulverized product in Example 1.

FIG. 11 is a particle size distribution graph showing the particle size distribution of the finely pulverized product in Example 2.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fine crusher 11 Fixed side crushing member 11a Fixed side facing surface 11b Fixed side recess 11c Fixed side gentle slope 11d Fixed side steep slope 12 Rotation side grinding member 12a Rotation side facing surface 12b Rotation side recess 12c Rotation side slow slope 12d Rotating side steeply inclined portion 2 Device main body 20 Tie rod 21 Drive device 22 Drive shaft 23 Raw material input port 3 Raw material supply mechanism 31 Raw material hopper 32 Screw feeder 33 Raw material charging cylinder 4 Rotating shaft body 41 Feed screw 42 Spiral strip 43 Spline shaft 44 Spline Thread 45 Male screw 46 Nut 5 Rotating disk group 51-54 Rotating disk 55 Mounting hole 55a Locking concave portion 56 Mountain portion 56a Serrated protrusion 56b Top 57 Cavity 6 Shearing cylinder group 61-64 Shearing cylinder 65 Heat medium passage 65a Heat medium supply hole 65b Heat medium discharge hole 66 saw Concave part 7 Fixed disk group 70 Serrated concave part 71-73 Fixed disk 74 Fastening hole 75 Insertion hole 75a Serrated concave part 76 Mountain part 77 Peripheral weir part 78 Cavity 79 Heat medium passage 79a Heat medium supply hole 79b Heat medium discharge hole 8 Intermediate screw 81 Screw Article 9 Control device 91 Ammeter 92 Power supply device 93 Crushed material sensor M Crushed material S Shear surface S1 Crushed material sending space S2 Crushed space X Particles to be crushed

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A crushing member is supplied between crushing members each having a crushing space formed of concave portions opposed to each other, and the crushing members are relatively moved with each other with a predetermined distance between opposing surfaces being maintained. In the method of crushing particles to be ground by applying a shearing force to the crushed particles loaded in the crushing space, the pressure applied to the crushed particles in the crushing space is a pressure at which a pseudo solid is formed. A method for crushing particles to be crushed, wherein the particles to be crushed are pushed into the crushing space as described above. 2. The grinding member comprises an annular fixed disk concentrically housed in a cylindrical casing, and a rotating disk opposed to the fixed disk and rotated around an axis by driving of a driving means. The cavities serving as the crushing spaces are respectively formed in the opposed surfaces of the fixed disk and the rotating disk, and the particles to be crushed are continuously supplied to the cavities by the rotation of the rotating disk. The method for crushing particles to be crushed according to claim 1, wherein the supply amount of the particles to be crushed to the cavity is controlled so that the pressure applied to the crushed particles becomes the pressure at which the pseudo solid is formed. 3. In the initial stage of the operation, the amount of particles to be pulverized introduced into the casing is made larger than the amount of pulverized particles discharged from the casing, and the pressure in the pulverization space reaches a pressure capable of forming a quasi-solid body. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the pulverized particles discharged from the casing and the amount of the pulverized particles to be charged into the casing are balanced.
The method for crushing particles to be crushed according to the above. 4. A pulverizing apparatus for a pulverized particle which continuously pulverizes the pulverized particle by continuously subjecting the pulverized particle supplied into the cylindrical casing to a rub-shearing treatment. An annular fixed disk concentrically mounted on the fixed disk, a rotating disk that is fitted concentrically on the fixed disk, and that rotates around an axis by driving of the driving means, and is formed on opposing surfaces of the rotating disk and the fixed disk, respectively. Crushing material supply means for continuously supplying particles to be crushed to a cavity as a crushing space, pressure detecting means for detecting a pressure applied to the particles to be crushed in the crushing space, and detection detected by the pressure detecting means. Control means for controlling the supply amount of the supply means so that the pressure applied to the particles to be ground based on the pressure is a pressure at which a preset pseudo solid is obtained. An apparatus for crushing particles to be crushed. 5. The apparatus for crushing particles to be crushed according to claim 4, wherein said pressure detecting means detects an amount of electric power supplied to said driving means. 6. The fixed disk is provided with a heat medium passage through which a heat medium flows.
Or the crushing device for crushed particles according to 5.