JP2001520387A - Monitoring method and monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] A portable monitoring system having a monitoring, tracking, and searching function includes one or more monitored and / or searched devices and one or more monitored and / or searched devices, and the monitored And / or the searched device includes a processing unit, a memory, a display and / or audio output unit, a transmission / reception antenna, and a spectrum that receives the modulated spread spectrum data and converts the spread spectrum data into baseband data. Spread receiver, spread spectrum transmitter, data spreader, synthesizer or frequency oscillator, and correlation means for correlating the spread spectrum data received by the spread spectrum receiver having a known pseudo-random noise sequence, The monitoring and / or searching device comprises a processing means, a memory, a display and / or sound output means, Directional transmission / reception antenna, directional transmission / reception antenna, spread spectrum receiver for receiving modulated spread spectrum data and converting the spread spectrum data to baseband data, spread spectrum transmitter, data spreader, and synthesizer Or a frequency oscillator, correlation means for correlating spread spectrum data received by said spread spectrum receiver with a known pseudo-random noise sequence, and transmission of said first sequence from the start of transmission of said first sequence A delay measuring means for measuring the elapsed time until the start of receiving one or more sequences from the monitored and / or searched device in response to

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a monitoring system for monitoring, tracking, and searching for a moving and stationary person, animal, or object. The present invention relates to a monitoring system that combines functions for monitoring and searching by two-way communication.

[0002] People, monitors the animal or an object, by the need to explore their actual position is increased, various position location systems have been developed and become commercially available. A conventional position search system can calculate and detect the position of a person or an object using various methods.

[0003] Global Positioning System (GPS) based systems The GPS receiver used in this system receives signals transmitted from at least three GPS satellites and uses the GPS receiver itself. Calculate the absolute position. The calculated coordinates are transmitted to a center or a person who should be notified of the position of the person carrying the GPS by any wireless communication means. Usually, it is necessary to show the calculated coordinates on a map so that a person can be found. Wireless communication means used for data transmission of the calculated GPS coordinates are typically mobile radio, satellite and cellular telephone networks. While GPS systems are available worldwide, current commercial systems are typically limited to the service area of the particular communication network used to transmit GPS coordinates and the extent to which messages can be transmitted. I have.
In addition to the standard GPS systems used around the world, there are low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems used for communication and position location.

[0004] Multi-lateration systems This system uses a base station on the ground to search for the position of a moving object or person. This position search is based on a difference in arrival time (DTOA) of a signal transmitted by a moving object or person between different base stations.
f arrival) calculated by the network control center. The located device transmits the identification / position signal after being called from the center, when an event occurs in the located device, or at a predetermined interval. This position location system is limited by a predetermined area covered by a terrestrial base station and the configuration of the system, and has a limited range for continuing to monitor a particular device. In addition, when this system is used, in order to search for a position search device, the calculated coordinates need to be displayed on a map (usually a computerized map).

[0005] Cellular telephone systems. This system uses the cellular telephone system's communication facilities to locate a telephone. The location of a cellular telephone can be accomplished by notifying the located cell or by using a more accurate geometrical method of arrival at different base stations (T
This is roughly done by measuring the time of arrival (OA).

[0006] Direction finding system This system uses a terrestrial base station having a direction finding function to calculate the position of a device that transmits a known signal. The position is basically calculated by crossing a direction line searched by each base station. In some systems, the terrestrial location station is a mobile station with expensive phase array antennas (usually used for stolen vehicles).

[0007] Loran-C system This is a system for performing navigation by transmitting a pulse radio, and provides a position on a horizontal plane. These systems operate in the frequency band 90-110 kHz and comprise transmitting stations arranged in groups forming a chain. One chain is formed by at least three transmitting stations. The range of the chain is determined by the transmission power of each station and the distance between the main station and two sub-stations. The Loran-C system is used for navigation purposes and other tracking and location applications. Some systems combine a GPS system and a Loran C location system to make the system more accurate and more convenient.

[0008] All of the systems described above provide a wireless communication infrastructure.
) So that the device can locate its location and / or send its location data to the system center. These systems are complex, have limited communication traffic capacity, are costly, and are legally regulated so that they cannot be manipulated or used for personal use. Persons using these systems must pay service fees to the operating companies of the systems, and their use is limited to reasonable and cost-effective systems.
In many cases, the required communication infrastructure is cumbersome and expensive, and the area where the system can be used has been limited to an economically appropriate range.

There are also other systems used for position finding in very large areas, including simple communication and ranging methods for monitoring one or a group of people. These systems allow a user to maintain a connection with one or a group of people in several ways (using wireless communications). There is also a system for monitoring criminals in house confinement, which is characterized in that a warning is issued if the monitored person is more than a predetermined threshold distance from the base station. The base station is connected to a telephone line and alerts a police officer or security guard when a threshold distance is exceeded. This system is for alerting purposes only and cannot search or locate a monitored person, even if the monitored person exceeds a threshold distance. Also, there is no indication of the distance from the base station to the person being monitored (when no alert is given) and an alert indication when the person is closer to a specific location than a predetermined distance. . An example of such a system is described in US Pat.
221, 5,225,306 and 4,980,671.

[0010] US Patent No. 5,448,221 discloses a system for monitoring a person in house confinement to alert a monitored person connected to a telephone line and a base station of an out-of-range alert.

[0011] US Patent No. 5,448,306 discloses a similar system for monitoring parole, a low power tag alerted by the parole that sends an ID signal to a field monitor. tag), and this alert is sent to the host computer via the cellular telephone network.

[0012] Other systems are used to assist the elderly and the physically handicapped, transmitting a panic signal and requesting assistance by a very simple communication method. In this system, the range determination and tracking functions are not performed unless the elderly or the physically handicapped use the location system. Other systems are designed to monitor people moving within a given area, such as a prison or a power plant, when a person carrying the equipment is in danger and a request for cooperation (distress) is issued. signal). U.S. Pat. No. 5,218,344 discloses a system for monitoring persons in a facility such as a prison, hospital, school or military facility, which system is secured to a predetermined area of the facility. It has a computer connected to one or more transceiver devices or a portable transceiver alerted by each person being monitored.

[0013] All of the systems and technologies described above must be easily combined with monitoring, tracking, and discovery capabilities, or operate anywhere without any need for fixed infrastructure or service provider intervention. There was no system.

The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to
It is an object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system having monitoring, tracking, and searching functions for solving problems in a conventional position search or monitoring system.

It is an object of the present invention to be simple to use, inexpensive, able to operate anywhere without the need for fixed infrastructure or service provider intervention, and to eliminate the deficiencies of the prior art as described above. It is to provide such a system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a system which is used to warn one or more persons that another person has been found within or outside a desired predetermined distance, or which is used to locate a person. It is intended to provide a device.

The object of the present invention is not limited to a predetermined setup state, and a plurality of guest personal devices can be used as a host.

[0018] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides for the monitoring, tracking and searching of moving or stationary people, animals or objects, up to a maximum distance guided by the capabilities and environment of the system, without using additional communication infrastructure. It provides a monitoring, tracking and searching system that can be used.

A system to which the present invention is applied includes a plurality of portable devices that maintain two-way wireless communication. Each device is monitored, tracked, and searched for by one or more devices while
Alternatively, monitoring, tracking, and searching for multiple devices can be performed.

A device with monitoring, tracking and searching functions has the function of spread spectrum ranging and direction finding while the first device with a spread spectrum transceiver monitors and searches for other devices.

All systems operate, for example, in the ISM band and are used for unauthorized spread spectrum communications in the United States and around the world. The monitoring device and the monitored device are portable and can be integrated or connected to other communication or electrical devices. Further, the monitoring device and the monitored device have a two-way communication function and can transmit and receive messages to and from each other.

The system to which the present invention applies employs several techniques to improve performance in noisy and problematic communication environments. The devices are communicating with each other using spread spectrum technology. The device uses direct sequence codes in this coding technique to increase the processing gain and benefit from the ranging function. The device also uses frequency hopping techniques to enhance performance in multipath and strong fading conditions and to overcome nulls and narrowband interferers present in the operating band. The device uses a diversity antenna to enhance the reception when fading or null. The devices of the system achieve better performance than conventional devices by using techniques such as directional antennas and appropriate communication algorithms.

The monitoring device measures a distance to one or more monitored devices using a spread spectrum ranging method. The measured distance is transmitted to the monitored device. The monitoring device and the monitored device display the measured distance and use the measured distance to perform a pre-programmed function (ie, activate an alarm or external signal, send a message between devices, etc.).

The monitoring device can use the directional antenna and the ranging function at any time to track, search, and detect the position of the monitored device. The monitored device uses the transmitted measurement distance to search for the monitoring device. This feature is applied to an audiovisual mechanism that allows a user of a monitored device to easily know whether he or she is approaching or away from the monitoring device. The monitoring device is also provided with features to expedite the search process and make it faster.

The monitoring device can apply the information to other monitoring devices to increase the distance and influence range of the monitoring, tracking, and search processing. The monitored and / or searched device can be incorporated into a cellular telephone, beeper, car burglar alarm or other suitable device.

[0027] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, FIG-. 1 to FIG. A monitoring system having a monitoring, tracking and searching function to which the preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail with reference to FIG. 15 is applied basically includes a monitored / searched unit (monitored / searched unit). : Hereafter referred to as MSU) and a monitoring and / or searching unit (hereinafter referred to as SRU). The SRU also operates, for example, as an MSU. These two devices, to which the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings is applied,
The SRU has basically the same configuration, but the SRU also has functions that enable distance measurement and direction search. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, MSU
And SRU can be implemented in several configurations to meet specific needs.

FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the MSU to which the preferred embodiment of the present invention is applied basically includes two parts, a digital section and a radio section. The digital section includes a microprocessor 1 having a processor, a memory for storing programs and data, and an input / output (I / O) port. The terminal of the I / O port includes a display 2 for displaying a message, a warning, a control, etc.
2 or a similar device, or unit operation (unit operati
on), an audio section 3 for playing the alarm sound and other special sounds, a vibrator 4 for alerting or notifying the user of the occurrence of a special situation without sound, and the user setting up the MSU. , And can be operated and tested. Also, the microprocessor
It may be configured to exchange data with another electronic interface via the external serial interface 6. The microprocessor 1 controls the overall operation of the MSU. The microprocessor 1 is driven by a clock generator 7 and generates all clocks required for the synthesizer 8. The clock generator 7
Different clock rates can be selected under the control of the microprocessor 1 (e.g. lower power consumption, change of chip rate, frequency center alignment (cen
ter frequency). ). The microprocessor memory includes, for example, a ROM, an EPROM, or an EEPROM for storing unit software;
It has a standby mode for storing data, a static RAM having a battery backup, and the like. Of course, one or more of the types of memories, such as flash memories, smart cards, magnetic cards, etc., may be used in combination.

The radio unit comprises: a. One or more antennas 9 having an antenna selector 10 controlled by the microprocessor 1 via a signal line 16 for transmitting and receiving data
And b. Spread spectrum transmitter 12 controlled by microprocessor 1
Or a T / R switch 1 connected to the antenna input to the spread spectrum receiver 13
1 and c. Upon receiving the modulated spread spectrum data, the baseband data 1
4 and connected to the microprocessor 1 to control, clock and state bus 2
0, a spread spectrum receiver 13 for generating a received data signal strength indicator 10 controlled by the microprocessor 1 via d. A spread spectrum transmitter 12 for transmitting data generated by a data spreader (proceeding random noise sequence generator) 15 and controlled by the microprocessor 1 via a control, clock and status bus 20; e. A synthesizer 8 used to generate IF and RF frequencies controlled by the microprocessor 1 via a control, clock and status bus 20; f. Controlled by a microprocessor via a control, clock and status bus,
And a correlator 17 used to correlate the received spread spectrum data having the PN sequence. A correlator 17 processes the IQ signal 14 provided by the spread spectrum receiver 13 and combines it into a received spread sequence; a. Decoding the spread spectrum received IQ data converted to received data and processed by the microprocessor 1; b. The data spreader 15 performs two basic functions of generating synchronization timing such that a spread spectrum message synchronized with the received message is generated. For a detailed description of the compensator, see FI
G. FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. The transmitted data 21 is generated by a microprocessor and is converted by the direct spreader 15 to spread spectrum data. FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, a control, clock, and status bus 20 is internally connected between most MSUs so that clock, timing, control, and status signals can be distributed.

The MSU may use one omni-directional antenna or directional antenna, or one set of antennas 9 to improve reception even in an environment where fading occurs or an interference wave exists. The use of a spatial diversity antenna significantly improves the reception function. One or more antennas may be incorporated,
As an external connection, for example, it may be directly connected to a device arranged on a vehicle, or may be connected to a device connected to a cable. As described above, it is desirable that the device connected to the antenna can support different types of antennas.

The MSU includes a battery and a DC-DC converter (not shown), and supplies an appropriate voltage to each MSU circuit.

FIG. As shown in FIG. 1 has the same configuration as that of the MSU shown in FIG. 1, but has added a function required to operate as an SRU. The SRU has a function for using the directional antenna 31, and can recognize an approximate direction of a signal transmitted from the MSU to the SRU. The basic SRU consists of a.
An omni-directional antenna for monitoring; b. 2 with directional antenna to search
Different types of antennas may be used. In another embodiment, one directional antenna also has two functions of monitoring and searching. Further, when an appropriate operation mode is selected, one of the two antennas may be automatically selected by the SRU. Also, FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the SRU according to another embodiment includes an array of a plurality of (for example, 3 to 8) directional antennas 42 and a selector 44 for selecting each antenna, some or all of them. Provide (to make a wider or omni-directional antenna). Arrays of antennas operate, for example, with printed antennas, and are significantly simpler in configuration and lower in cost. Like the MSU, the SRU may use various types of external antennas, such as a retractable antenna, an antenna mounted on a vehicle, and an antenna connected via a cable.

FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the SRU includes a delay time measuring circuit 32 for measuring an elapsed time from the start of transmission of the first sequence to the start of reception of one or more sequences. This delay time measurement circuit is initialized and activated 34 by the direct spreader 15 (indicating that the first sequence has been transmitted). The delay value is sampled (as indicated by connection 33) for each valid pseudo-random noise sequence from the correct ID received by the correlator 17 of the receiver. The sampled values are averaged to increase the accuracy of the measured delay.

The SRU may operate as an MSU at any time, in which case the time measurement function is not used.

FIG. In operation, the SRU transmits a signal that is the ID (among other information) of the MSU being monitored, as shown in FIG. This ID is encoded in the spread spectrum signal in a manner that enhances the direction search by the MSU. The transmitted spread spectrum signal has, for example, a pseudo-random noise sequence corresponding to each transmitted data bit. The ID has, for example, 24 bits expanded by an 8-bit error correction code. Each of the expanded 32-bit ID codes is used to modulate a pseudo-random noise sequence when each 1 bit inverts the pseudo-random noise sequence. When the MSU receives the ID signal, the MSU returns a response signal having an ID corresponding to the MSU. The SRU receives the MSU response and measures the elapsed time by comparing the clock value at the time the response was received with the value of the internal clock at the time the message was sent.

Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4 will be described. The SRU includes a smart card interface 50, reads information from a connected smart card, and writes information to the smart card. The smart card 51 may have an MSU or SRU ID along with parameters such as a user description, communication parameters, and user-specific parameters. Upon reading the smart card information, the SRU can monitor, track or search for one or more read IDs. The information written in the smart card includes a received message, a tracking history, a state, and the like.

In the embodiments described above, the SRU and MSU can support the setup function via a serial interface connected to a personal computer. FIG. 1 to FIG. Referring to FIG. 4, the serial interface is, for example, electrical (such as RS-232) or uses infrared rays. This allows the device to be set up quickly, with full backup and control of the programmed parameters. During setup, a friendly program is used to show the user how to program different system and unit parameters.

In another embodiment, the SRU has an interface to a barcode reader that can read small amounts of data such as unit IDs, user names, parameters, and the like. This bar code reader is, for example, an internal bar code reader.
IG. 1 to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, an external reader connected to the serial interface 6 may be used. When an external barcode reader is used, operating power from the SRU is provided. As mentioned above, the MSU and SRU may support a serial interface to various types of external devices (RS-232, using infrared). F
IG. 5 shows an embodiment of an SRU with a PCMCIA interface adapted to be connected to a laptop or portable computer (which can of course also be applied to an MSU). In this embodiment, the SRU
Alternatively, the MSU is configured according to the PCMCIA standard so that any portable computer can be used as a unit to integrate the system. Attached PCMCI
The A module allows the computer to operate exactly as a standalone unit of the MSU or SRU. Similarly, the SRU or MSU may be adapted to integrate or integrate electronic devices such as cellular telephones, wireless transmission systems, car alarms, home alarms and other security systems.

FIG. 6 is required for the MSU and SRU to search for the received spreading sequence, recognize the received ID, decode the received data, and transmit a synchronized pseudo-random code sequence matched filter 62. All synchronization timings are generated. FIG. 6A, the MSU correlator includes a pseudo-random code sequence matched filter 62 that correlates the received data and the pseudo-random code sequence, and a message that decodes the received message and generates a received data signal 68. It includes a decoder 63, an ID mixer 84 for adding a pseudo-random sequence in a correct polarity according to the unit ID, an envelope detector 65, and a signal presence searcher 66 for generating a transmission synchronization timing 67 of a response message. The pseudo-random code sequence matched filter 62 is supplied with the I signal 60 and the Q signal 61 received from the RF unit (not shown), and includes a parallel correlator of a complete pseudo-random code sequence. All devices described in the blocks are controlled by the MSU microprocessor (not shown).

FIG. As shown in FIG. 6B, the SRU correlator comprises essentially the same device as the MSU correlator, but with the additional logic required to recognize and process multipath signals. The I signal 69 and the Q signal 70 are correlated by a pseudo-random code sequence matched filter 71 and mixed by an ID mixer. The output of the IQ signal from the ID mixer 78 is supplied to the sampling circuit 72, path # -1, and the sampling circuit 73.
The signal is supplied to the three sampling circuits of path # 0 and sampling circuit 74 path # -1. The IQ signal is supplied to a multipath search / estimator 75 which controls sampling circuits 72 to 74 and specifies the timing at which each sampling circuit samples the IQ signal. Optimal results are received by mixing the IQ outputs of each sampling circuit in a path mixer / selector 79. The timing search and estimator 80 uses a path mixer / selector 79 that outputs the timing of the received message. An SRU microprocessor (not shown) controls all correlation circuits. The received message is decoded by a message decoder 77 to generate a received data signal 81 which is provided to a microprocessor.

The SRU applies to the operating parameters according to, for example, the device being monitored, the quality of the communication channel and other parameters. For example, the SRU averages 10-100 distance measurements per second (measur 600-6000 measurements per minute).
es)), but the application, channel load, and distance from the object (if a distant object is monitored more frequently than a nearby object, the distance measurement may be applied to the distance ), The time of two consecutive measurements can be changed according to user setup and the like. With respect to the distance of the object, the monitoring process is made more effective with special attention to devices that are outside the programmed range.

The monitoring interval of a specific MSU is, for example, in the range of 30 to 600 per second. In the search mode, this number is, for example, 5 to 100 measurements per second. Also, the user can always start distance measurement for one or a group of MSUs. Also, the SRU may change the spreading chip rate, data rate, pseudorandom noise sequence length, transmission power and other parameters according to the distance from the MSU and the communication link quality.

When measuring the distance, the SRU and M are removed using the averaging filter, eg, software or hardware, to eliminate the effects of errors (according to the measurement interval).
SU determines the quality, direction (for devices with directional antennas) of the received signal,
Perform multipath elimination according to intensity and arrival time. In addition, the accuracy of distance measurement can be improved by estimating the position of a theoretical correlation peak using an algorithm in which an actual correlation value is applied to a function.

A standalone embodiment of an MSU or SRU is described in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, it comprises a small device, for example in the form of a rectangle, which can be easily fastened by a person to a belt or pocket, for example, a spring fastener (not shown) on the back of the small device. May be attached to a belt or a pocket for protection. In addition, the small device can receive messages, send messages, status information, operation menus,
An alphanumeric display 101 for displaying control data, advertising data, etc., an emergency push button 102 for transmitting a pre-programmed or selected emergency call message or other type of message, an audible alarm, a message, Alternatively, a small speaker or buzzer 103 for reproducing a control / status signal (for example, during a search process or out of service), a keypad 104 comprising a plurality of keys for operating the device, and different confirmation and operation of the device. And a display 105 for indicating that the operation is in progress. The user may program or select the audio signal desired by the user. Also, the alphanumeric display can be read even in dim light,
A backlight may be provided. The small device is turned on and off by, for example, a small slide key (not shown), but has a function of saving battery power by stopping display and other functions of the device. Small devices, for example,
Although an integrated antenna is built in, another embodiment may include an external antenna drawn out of the device or an external antenna connected via an external connector. The small devices operate on standard batteries that are easily interchangeable without the need for special skills. The low battery display alerts the operator that the voltage is low. As a modification of this embodiment, a smart card interface and a device for inserting a smart card into the device may be provided.

FIG. The embodiment shown in FIG. 7
And a wristwatch-type device that can be used by the user by holding it on his or her arm or foot. The device is a FIG. 7 has the same functions as those of the device shown in FIG. 7, and includes an alphanumeric display 11, a status display 113, a confirmation and status display 114, a device operator 115, an emergency push button 116, and a time display 117. And The device is made of, for example, plastic and has an average diameter of 2 inches and has an internal antenna and a small battery compartment.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment applied to the SRU. In this embodiment, a portable SRU is configured, and an apparatus main body 112 and a cover 1 electrically connected to the apparatus main body.
23. The apparatus main body operates and executes an alphanumeric and graphic display 124 for displaying a received message, a transmitted message, state information, operation menu, operation data, direction instruction, advertisement data, and the like, and all functions of the apparatus. Key 124, send key 126, mode key 127 and four arrow keys 124
A small speaker or buzzer 129 for playing audio alerts, messages or control / status signals (e.g., during a search process or out of range), an on / off switch 130 for switching the device on and off, A serial interface connector 131 for connecting to an external device for a combination of setup, notification, and operation, and a belt fastener 1 for fastening to a belt or pocket when a person carries the device.
32. In other embodiments, the user may be able to program or select the audio signal they want to hear, and the alphanumeric display may be provided with a backlight so that it can be read even in dim light. It may be. The device may also include a smart card interface and a device for inserting a card into the device. The cover 123 has a built-in directional antenna array, and searches for the direction of a received message. When the user opens the cover when he wants to search for the direction of the MSU being monitored or searched, the display 133 displays the direction.

Regarding the indication of the direction, FIG. This will be described with reference to FIG. The SRU display to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied has a star-shaped graphic direction display 141. This display is composed of the same number of position displays 142 as the number of antennas provided in the cover of the SRU. For example, FIG. In 10, the number of position indications 142 is five. When a message is received, the SRU illuminates a corresponding location indicator to indicate the direction and quality of the reception. The reception quality is indicated by whether the light emission range is partial or full as indicated by 143. When no light is emitted at all, “NR-No reception 14
4 ", and when light is partially emitted," VPQ-very low quality 145 "
LQ-low quality 146 "," MQ-medium quality 147 ", and" GQ-good quality ", and when the entire light is emitted," EQ-high quality 149 ". This direction display is an example of the embodiment, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. As another embodiment, a mechanical or electrical compass may be provided, the direction may be displayed with reference to the absolute direction, or the azimuth station in the measured direction may be calculated. . The calculated azimuth station may be transmitted to another device, and may be used as a reference for enhancing the search processing function.

FIG. As described with reference to FIG. 9, the device has, for example, a built-in integrated antenna in the cover of the device. May be provided. The device operates on standard batteries that are easily interchangeable without the need for special skills. The low battery display alerts the operator that the voltage is low.

As described above, the range is calculated by calculating the elapsed time from the start of signal transmission to the start of reception of one or more synchronization signals. FIG. As shown in 11, the transmission signal -TS151 has a pseudo-noise random sequence and is defined by S # 1 to S # n. The number of sequences is not fixed (for example, 10 to 40). Also, the number of sequences applies some link parameters to enhance communication quality and channel utilization. The chip rate and the length of each pseudo-noise random sequence are variable,
Applies to operation parameters. The time stamp at the start of S # 1 in the transmission signal 151 is maintained in the transmitter. When a signal is received 152 and a correlation having the same pseudo-noise random sequence is searched for in the received signal 152, the elapsed time is calculated as follows. Elapsed time = Timestamp of received signal correlation−Timestamp of TO The elapsed time is measured by a clock device which is a clock and a chip rate clock. For example, in the embodiment, when the chip rate is 20 MHz and the difference calculated as described above is 5700 pulses, the elapsed time is 5700 × 50 nsec = 285 usec.

The actual delay times of TS and RS are calculated as follows.

Delay = elapsed time−n × SL Here, SL−sequence length = number of chips × chip duration The n-integer calculated as the largest integer is represented by the following equation.

Elapsed time> n × TS The range between the devices is calculated by converting the delay time to the distance transmitted by light during the delay time and dividing that time by two.

As is well known to those skilled in the art, it can be characterized by increasing the accuracy of the measured distance by estimating the theoretical location of the correlation peak (on both sides) of the received signal. By using an appropriate algorithm (e.g., matching the actual correlation function to the mathematical function and using the peak of the mathematical function as the actual peak), the error when the percentage of chip duration is small can be reduced.

The SRU and the MSU have a function of transmitting and receiving a frequency hopping signal. Frequency hopping is used simultaneously with the direct spreading sequence. When frequency hopping and direct spreading sequences are used simultaneously, the system increases in strength due to the ability to reject interfering waves that are searched for in unlicensed bands that include near / far problems.

FIG. As shown at 12, when the SRU calls the MSU with a paging message CMU # 1-165 on one predetermined frequency, the MSU responds with a response message AM on four different frequencies 166-169. The number and value of the frequency are system parameters, and may be defined in advance when transmitting the call message CM, or may be variably defined. Paging messages 170 from different devices are sent to different MSUs, and the MSU responds with four response messages set to frequencies 171-174. The SRU applies itself to the environment and selects the frequency that gives the best results. Also, two similar devices operate independently of each other at distances where they interfere with each other, reducing the mutual interface.

FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the system comprises one SRU 180 and MSU 182
183 may be a very basic system, and many SRUs 180
To 181 and MSUs 182-185.
Each SRU maintains continuous communication with all monitored MSUs and measures the distance to each device. The SRU also keeps its receiver open so that it can receive messages from the MSU.

As mentioned above, the SRU measures the distance to each of the monitored MSUs and compares it to a pre-programmed distance range. The distance of one or more MSUs is MSU
When the SRU is outside the pre-programmed distance range (small or large), the SRU may notify the user that the MSU is outside the pre-programmed distance range. In response to this event, the SRU may send a message to the monitored MSU notifying the user that he is out of the pre-programmed range. The message may indicate the measured distance to the user of the MSU. The measured distance value is compared with the previously read value to eliminate erroneous measurements.

The monitoring process is started automatically or manually after the MSU logs in. The user of the SRU may set up different parameters to monitor each MSU or group of MSUs and use system default values. Examples of the defined parameters are as follows. Note that this example is not limited. -Monitoring priority-Monitoring interval-Distance range-Storage of history of monitoring events-Notification of MSU and SRU types-Message options As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the monitoring process maintains the communication channel as freely as possible. While performing all monitoring functions. As described above, this is accomplished by applying the communication and monitoring parameters to the channel quality and monitoring tasks.

When continuous monitoring is not required and the monitored device does not need to regularly follow the communication channel, actively limiting monitoring can significantly reduce channel traffic and MSU power consumption. it can. That is, each MSU sends a SR at programmed intervals (eg, seconds to hours).
U is programmed to send to U.

The MSU typically requests a monitoring operation in a waiting mode, in response to an MSU event, or by communicating with the SRU at a pre-programmed time. Pre-programmed events may for example result:-Internal events Periodic timer 2. Date and time clock 3. Battery usage status 4. programmed events 5. Switching device on / off Internal Sensor-External Event 1. Serial communication message 2. External sensors (eg, impact, position, etc.) Analog sensor 4. Digital Input As a result of this monitoring operation, one of the SRU and the MSU may start operating. For example, when the MSU is out of the allowed range, normal mode can be entered so that the SRU can search for the MSU.

This mode is very convenient for applications that require object monitoring. The SRU prepares the status of all monitored devices and reports of events that trigger monitoring operations on a regular or on demand basis.

[0062] The SRU may also notify the user when a passive monitoring operation expected from a particular MSU is not performed within a programmed period from the immediately preceding monitoring operation.

The user of the SRU may also initiate a search operation to find the monitored MSU. The user of the searched MSU may be notified that he or she is being searched, and may cooperate in the search process by himself. Also, the MSU may always be notified that the SRU is approaching.

The notification of the progress of the search process from the user of the SRU or the MSU is made in the following method.

Audio Notification: The SRU may be informed of the approach or departure from the MSU (or the distance from the MSU) by a change in frequency or a loud buzzer. The user may hear the buzzer through headphones or a small built-in speaker or buzzer.

Visual Notification: A color light emitting diode indicates whether the SRU is approaching the MSU. The SRU or MSU may also have an alphanumeric, numeric, or analog display indicating the measured distance.

Normally, the search result display is set according to an internal algorithm that processes the measured distance. Each new measurement is the average of the previous measurement, the elapsed time since the current measurement, the quality of the received signal for each measurement, the direction measured (if applicable), the multipath condition and the measured distance. include. In principle,
The algorithm employs a moving average method that places the weight of the most recent measurement.
The algorithm parameters are changed from time to time to adapt to the rate of change of channel state and distance. Also, erroneous measurements due to poor quality reception or strong multipath are eliminated. This internal algorithm improves system performance, especially in problem areas or when communication channel conditions are poor, without confusion for the user.

During the search process, to increase this processing capability, the SRU is
Only distances and directions can be measured.

Also, in embodiments, for example, the SRU may include one directional antenna, allowing the user of the SRU to move the device in different directions or process the received signal (based on signal strength and other parameters). So that the direction can be indicated to the MSU. FIG. According to a second embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the SRU may comprise a set of directional antennas, the directional antennas being selected by a microprocessor. In this embodiment, the microprocessor receives a signal from each antenna and processes the received signal. The direction of the MSU is displayed on a special display showing the direction and signal quality (see FIG. 10).

A search mode of operation is typically initiated by a user of an SRU to locate a particular MSU. The search process can be started as follows.

Automatically: The SRU enters this mode after an abnormal event (when programmed). During the search process, the SRU may continue to monitor other devices.

MSU Request: The MSU may request a passive SRU search, and the SRU may continue to perform other functions for MSUs other than the MSU for which the search was requested. The SRU transmits the processed data so that the user of the MSU can discover the SRU (usually the reverse process).

The SRU or MSU can store the distance measured at the reference point and compare this reference point with the new measurement point. When a conventional display cannot clearly indicate whether the search process is concentrated, the user can save the measured distance at a known point and compare it with the distance after the user has left far away. The distance between the devices is calculated from several readings for reference purposes and to obtain more reliable measurements.

FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, in step 220, the search process may be automatically started by an event, or may be started by an operation of a user of the SRU. When the search process is started, initial parameters including a search mode, a communication parameter, a search interval, a warning / notification selection, an event history recording options, and other setup parameters are set in step 221. According to these parameters, in step 223, the SR
U sends a search message and waits for a response at step 225. If no response is received at step 227, then at step 226 the SRU determines whether a pre-programmed number of re-searches has been exceeded. When the limit is exceeded,
The communication with the searched device is determined to have failed, and in step 228, a device acquisition process is executed (for details, see FIG. 14). Step 2
If the number of re-searches does not exceed the limit value in 26, the SRU changes a part of the communication parameters in step 224, for example, in order to improve the communication with the searched device. Thereafter, one is added to the number of re-searches executed in step 222. If a response is received, the SRU analyzes the quality of the received response at step 230, and if the quality is accepted, the response is processed at step 232. Also, the SRU modifies a part of the search parameters, for example, in step 231, and a new search message is transmitted. For example, received messages at different frequencies are analyzed and the search parameters are modified according to the results of the previous and current analysis. The quality threshold is applied to, for example, actual communication quality. After the response processing in step 232, when the search flag is set in step 233, the search processing is continued, the search parameters are updated in step 234 (according to the measured distance, the priority order, and the like), and the search is performed as necessary. A message containing the result is sent. If the search flag is down, step 23
At 5, the search process is completed. Since this flowchart is for describing the processing, it does not describe all the processing for the other embodiments in detail.

As mentioned above, the monitored MSU may send a message to the SRU at any time, and the SRU may send an acknowledgment to the MSU in response. The SRU may also send the message to one, a group or all of the monitored MSUs at any time.

When there is no communication link between the SRU and the MSU, the SRU may initiate an acquisition process to establish a link with a particular unit or group of units. The acquisition process is performed by transmitting a call signal to one or more devices to be called. When there is no response or when a low quality reception is received, the SR
U modifies the channel parameters to get better reception results. When the acquisition process is completed, the user is notified by audio visual display or the like. When defined by the SRU user, the MSU user is also notified that the device has been acquired by the SRU.

FIG. As shown at 14, at step 200, the acquisition process is started to establish initial communication with the device. After the acquisition process starts, step 2
At 01, initial communication parameters including transmission power, link frequency, chip rate, antenna usage, etc. are set. According to these parameters, step 2
At 03, the SRU sends a paging message and waits for a response at step 205. If no response is received at step 207, then at step 206 the SRU determines whether a pre-programmed number of recalls has been exceeded. If the limit is exceeded, communication with the device called in step 208 is considered to have failed and the user is notified. If the number of recalls is not exceeded in step 206, the SRU, for example, in step 204, changes some of the communication parameters to improve communication with the called device. Thereafter, in step 202, one is added to the executed number of recalls. When the response is received, the SRU analyzes the quality of the received response at step 211,
If the quality is accepted, a response process is performed at step 212. Also,
The SRU modifies some of the communication parameters, for example in step 210, and a new paging message is sent. For example, as described above, received messages at different frequencies are analyzed, and communication parameters are modified according to previous and current analysis results. The quality threshold is applied to, for example, actual communication quality.
After the response processing in step 212, the acquisition processing is completed in step 213. Since this flowchart is for describing the processing, it does not describe all the processing for the other embodiments in detail.

In addition to the basic distance measurement and direction detection functions, the system described in the present invention is widely applicable to essentially any application or usage. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the same communication channel used for distance measurement is (
Two devices in various combinations (MSU-MSU, SRU-SRU and MSU-SRU) may be used for two-way communication. The following table describes the main message types used by the system, according to particular embodiments of the present invention.

[0079]

[Table 1]

All messages include, for example, a description of the direction and the sender and the error correction code applied to the channel used. All uncommunicated messages should also be acknowledged to ensure that the message is properly received. Desired or missed messages should be retransmitted. In addition to the automatic acknowledgment system, some messages require a manual acknowledgment by the user. For example, manual acknowledgment is performed by pressing a panic button or other specific button for the purpose of the box. This feature allows the message sender to prove that the message transmission has been received by the user. The message is, for example, a message that was recorded only when the message code was sent, and for many applications the message may be an encrypted or unencrypted free text message (eg, ASCII code) Use to increase confidentiality and security). When set up in advance, the message may be sent after the MSU is turned off (the message is sent before the device is turned off) or when the device is turned on.

The message is displayed in alphanumeric display. For example, the audible form (audi
Other forms such as ble form) are also possible. While the device receives the message code, the message code is transmitted, the complete message is displayed or the audiovisual indicator is activated. A mechanical vibrator is used to notify a user that a message has been received.

In another embodiment, the message code uses an internal voice synthesizer that is used to generate the voice message). This voice message is useful when a small child, the elderly, the disabled, or a user in a situation where they cannot read the message freely carries the device. In another embodiment, a voice recognition function is added so that an emergency message or other message can be sent to a person without pressing a button.

The setup of each device in the system is based on pre-programmed default parameters during or after manufacture. The user can change some of the parameters to be applied to the device as needed. Because the MSU is easy to set up, the SRU allows the user to specify parameters for monitoring, tracking, searching and messages. Also, each SRU (in connection with the function of the SRU) may be set up to operate as an MSU. The SRU uses the setup / configuration message to
The SU can be set up remotely.

One of the important tasks to perform during setup is to add a new MSU to the watch list. This process involves placing the SRU device in login mode and entering
This is done very easily by activating U. By this login process, M
The SU address is read and collated with the communication parameters. Also,
The address of the SRU is held in the MSU and is being monitored (active monitor in).
g) Marked as SRU. As described above, one MSU may be monitored by multiple SRUs, where the MSU has a list of active SRUs. Upon completion of the login process to a particular MSU, both devices
Enter monitoring mode as pre-programmed. The MSU sends a user identifier (name, location, etc.) in addition to the MSU address so that the SRU can easily recognize the user of each MSU.

After no communication between the two devices and a pre-programmed time has elapsed, logout of the unmonitored device may be performed manually or automatically.

During unit setup and normal operation, testing of the system is performed as a routine operation. Also, the user can test his device or the complete system at any time, subject to system limitations. The test may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: -H / W performance-Battery status-Communication with other devices-Validity of recorded data SRUs and MSUs are designed to have some fault tolerance depending on application and cost constraints.

Also, according to embodiments of the present invention, a user of an SRU may be programmed to refine the monitoring, tracking and searching functions by combining all of the system and device functions. Users can store different applications or different programs for different situations. These programs are
You can easily select using the control panel. For example, SRU:
Depending on the date and time clock, programmed inputs, etc., different monitoring functions may be automatically started or messages may be sent to one or a group of people.

FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the following functions enhance the monitoring, tracking, and searching functions of the system by the network operation. One MSU 183 may be monitored and searched for by a plurality of SRUs 180-181. SRUs 180-181 can share monitoring, tracking and search data, either directly or via wireless communication channel 186, by transmitting monitoring, tracking and search information to each other. -Transfer monitoring, tracking and search information from a plurality of SRUs to a center 187 with graphic functions. This feature allows approximate location to be determined by analyzing the distance from each SRU (at the reference point) to the MSU being searched. -Perform monitoring, tracking or search operations when requested by another SRU. With this feature, one SRU that is no longer able to contact the MSU being monitored for a reason (such as distance) makes a request to perform a monitoring, message transfer or search operation from an adjacent SRU, and the result is requested. Can be forwarded to the SRU. With this relay function, the range in which the operation can be monitored and searched becomes wide, and the reliability of the system also increases.

In network operation, depending on its configuration, each SRU may function as a master SRU or a slave SRU and perform different system functions. Also, the MSU or SRU may be used for notification information to other devices, which can widen the viewing area of the system and increase the reliability of message transfer.

For a more sophisticated application, in network operation, with a ground positioning system (GPS) receiver, each SRU can locate itself with high accuracy and use a common and synchronized clock. You may make it hold | maintain. As mentioned above, a mechanical or electrical compass may be integrated, which improves the SRU to have the ability to perform azimuth calculations.

In this network operation, multiple SRs with GPS receivers
U is calculated using the measured range from the SRU to the MSU and their absolute positions (
(Calculated using GPS), the actual location of the device being sought can be calculated (location is more accurate in proportion to the number of SRUs used).

FIG. 7 to FIG. As described with reference to FIG. 9, the devices of the system are:
It has multiple indicators to alert that a special event has occurred or to indicate the result of a function of the device. The alphanumeric display is used to display alphanumeric data required for the operation of the device. The items to be displayed are listed below. -Sent messages-Received messages-Measured distances-Errors and test results-Setup parameters-Menu choices-Battery status-Advertising information FIG. 7 and FIG. The display shown in FIG. 9 includes, for example, 2 to 4 columns of 20 characters. This display is provided in, for example, the SRU. MSUs are displayed, for example, in one less column.

Some devices have a function of displaying a color display or a special icon on a display.
Examples of display are listed below, but this example does not limit the embodiment. -Malfunction of the equipment-Battery exhaustion-MSU being searched-Measuring distance is shorter than the last measuring distance-Measuring distance is longer than the last measuring distance-No communication link with SRU Audio indication to user, unexpected event Warnings or provide information in a manner that does not require visual attention (very useful during exploration). Examples of audio warnings or examples to be displayed are listed below, but these examples do not limit the embodiments. -Malfunction of equipment-Dead battery-MSU being searched-Measuring distance is shorter than immediately preceding measuring distance-Measuring distance is longer than immediately preceding measuring distance-Programmable out of service area-No communication link with SRU Audio indicator , A buzzer that sounds with a chirp, a speaker, headphones, or the like.

The function of the device is controlled by one function key or menu operation key. In another embodiment, a device having an alphanumeric keyboard can have more sophisticated functions.

FIG. 1 to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the devices of all systems may be used in a stand-alone mode without the need to attach external devices. If external devices (such as personal computers, portable computers, wireless communication devices, various types of alarms, toys, etc.) are attached to or integrated with the MSU or SRU, FI
G. FIG. As shown in the fifth example, the capability of the system can be added or enhanced. Any interface can be used, and the use of the interface depends on the specific application and device used, so the interfaces supported by each device are not specifically described herein, and such interfaces are easily understood by those skilled in the art. Will.

The above-described embodiment describes an embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to this. Within the scope of the present invention, various modifications may be made in the configuration of various devices, any interface may be provided, and various functions may be provided in the device of the present invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a monitored and / or searched device to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied (
FIG.

FIG. 2 is a monitoring and / or searching device (SR) to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied.
It is a figure which shows the outline of U).

FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an outline of a monitoring and / or searching device (SRU) including a directional antenna array to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an outline of a monitoring and / or searching device (SRU) including a smart card reader to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of a PCMCIA interface monitoring, tracking and / or searching device (SRU) to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a configuration of an MSU correlator to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a configuration of an SRU correlator to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of an MSU or SRU to which another embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an MSU to which another embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an SRU to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an antenna direction display to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing transmission / reception timing.

FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating frequency hopping of a message to which another embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a network operation to which another embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an acquisition process to which another embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a search process to which the embodiment of the present invention has been applied.

[Procedural Amendment] Submission of translation of Article 34 Amendment of the Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] April 10, 2000 (2000.4.10)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 62

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE ), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, SD, SZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP , KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZW. And measuring an elapsed time from the start of transmission of the first sequence to the start of reception of one or more sequences from the monitored and / or search device in response to the transmission of the first sequence. For measuring delay.

Claims (65)

[Claims] 1. A portable monitoring system having a monitoring, tracking and searching function, comprising: one or more monitored and / or searched devices; and one or more monitored and / or searched devices; And / or the searched device receives the processing means, the memory, the display and / or sound output means, the transmission / reception antenna, the modulated spread spectrum data, and converts the spread spectrum data into baseband data. Receiver, spread-spectrum transmitter, data spreader, synthesizer or frequency oscillator, and correlation means for correlating spread-spectrum data received by the spread-spectrum receiver with a known pseudo-random noise sequence. The monitoring and / or searching device comprises a processing means, a memory, a display and / or audio output means. An omnidirectional transmitting / receiving antenna, a directional transmitting / receiving antenna, a spread spectrum receiver for receiving modulated spread spectrum data and converting the spread spectrum data to baseband data, a spread spectrum transmitter, and a data spreading apparatus. A synthesizer or frequency oscillator, correlation means for correlating spread spectrum data received by the spread spectrum receiver with a known pseudo-random noise sequence, and a first sequence from the start of transmission of the first sequence. A portable monitoring system comprising a delay measuring means for measuring an elapsed time until the start of receiving one or more sequences from the monitored and / or searching device in response to the transmission of the sequence. 2. The monitoring and / or searching device according to claim 1, further comprising means for recognizing each of the monitored and / or searched devices and logging in to the portable monitoring system. Mobile monitoring system. 3. The portable monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein one monitoring and / or searching device monitors a plurality of monitored and / or searched devices. 4. A plurality of monitoring and / or searching devices are installed in the portable monitoring system, and each monitored and / or searched device logs in to the plurality of monitoring and / or searching devices. The mobile monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 5. The portable monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein each monitoring and / or searching device includes one directional antenna. 6. Each monitoring and / or searching device includes an omni-directional antenna and a directional antenna, and each monitoring and / or searching device includes a means for selecting an antenna to be operated at a predetermined time. The portable monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein 7. Each monitoring and / or searching device includes an array of a plurality of directional antennas, and includes means for selecting a combination of a plurality of directional antennas to be operated at a predetermined time. The mobile monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 8. The portable monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device includes a diversity antenna. system. 9. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or each monitored and / or searched device transmits and receives a message to and from each other.
The mobile monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. The portable monitoring system according to claim 9, further comprising means for encrypting a message to be transmitted and decrypting the received message. 11. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device comprises means for generating a message for remotely activating and / or remotely controlling another device. The portable monitoring system according to claim 9 or 10, wherein 12. The portable surveillance system according to claim 9, further comprising an error correction means for protecting the message with an error correction code. 13. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or monitored device
The portable monitoring system according to claim 9, wherein the searched device includes a unit that generates a voice message synthesized using the received message. 14. The mobile phone according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device includes a voice recognition unit. Monitoring system. 15. The portable monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device includes a barcode reader, that is, a barcode reader interface. 16. The portable device according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device includes a smart card reader. Monitoring system. 17. The device according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device includes a PCMCIA interface and / or a serial interface. A mobile monitoring system according to item 1. 18. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device may be an analog or external device that searches for external events or interfaces with external sensors and / or activates external devices or circuits. 18. The portable monitoring system according to claim 1, further comprising a digital input / output line. 19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device comprises a global positioning system receiver. Mobile monitoring system. 20. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device comprises mechanical or electrical compass means. A mobile monitoring system according to item 1. 21. An apparatus in a portable monitoring system having monitoring, tracking and searching functions, comprising: a processing unit, a memory, a display and / or audio output unit, a transmitting / receiving antenna, and receiving modulated spread spectrum data; A spread spectrum receiver for converting the spread spectrum data into baseband data; a spread spectrum transmitter; a data spreader; a synthesizer; and a spread spectrum receiver received by the spread spectrum receiver having a known pseudo-random noise sequence. A correlation means for correlating the data. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, further comprising: means for storing a predetermined message; and means for notifying one or more apparatuses of a message selected from the predetermined message. 23. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the message is displayed on a display. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the message is a voice message. 25. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising means for operating a remote device using the content of the message. 26. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising means for activating a vibrator stored in the apparatus using the content of the message. 27. The system according to claim 1, further comprising logic means for selecting a message to be notified in response to a message received from another device.
The apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 10. 28. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a monitored and / or detected device. 29. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is a monitoring and / or detection device. 30. A processing means, a memory, a display and / or audio output means, a transmitting / receiving antenna, a directional transmitting / receiving antenna, and receiving modulated spread spectrum data, and converting the spread spectrum data into baseband data. A spread spectrum receiver to be converted, a spread spectrum transmitter, a synthesizer or a frequency oscillator, and a correlation means for correlating the spread spectrum data received by the spread spectrum receiver having a known pseudo-random noise sequence, Delay measuring means for measuring an elapsed time from the start of transmission of one sequence to the start of reception of one or more sequences from the monitored and / or search device in response to the transmission of the first sequence. apparatus. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna are interchangeable. 32. The directional antenna according to claim 30, wherein the omni-directional antenna and the directional antenna are integrated into the device, and further comprising switching means for switching between the omni-directional antenna and the directional antenna. Equipment. 33. A method of monitoring and / or searching and / or detecting a position of an object applied to the monitoring and / or searching device according to claim 5, comprising a directional antenna, and determining a direction of the searched device. Monitoring comprising determining the distance to one or more monitored devices using a spread spectrum ranging method and / or a logical method of performing a pre-programmed activity as a function of the measured distance And / or a search and / or position detection method. 34. The method of claim 21, wherein the measured distance is used to activate a visual and / or audio display, and wherein the user has the option of: A search and position detection method, characterized in that it is possible to recognize whether the distance to a searched device has been increased or decreased. 35. The monitoring and / or exploration and / or location according to claim 33 or 34, wherein the measured distance is displayed on a numerical and / or alphanumeric and / or analog display. Detection method. 36. Logic for transmitting the measured distance to the monitored device and displaying the measured distance on the monitored device and / or performing a pre-programmed activity as a function of the measured distance. Monitoring and / or searching and / or position detecting method according to any one of claims 33 to 35, comprising using a method. 37. A method for monitoring and / or searching and / or locating an object as applied to the apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the measured distance is used to activate a visual display, and Can detect the direction of a signal received from the searched device, and / or a search and / or position detection method. 38. Monitoring and / or searching and / or locating according to claim 33, wherein the measured direction is displayed in a graphic and / or analog display. Method. 39. The monitoring and / or searching and / or position detecting method according to claim 38, further comprising a step of relaying the distance, direction, and other information of the searched device to the added device. 40. A method for monitoring, tracking, and searching for an object, a person, or an animal, comprising: one or more monitored and / or searched devices; and one or more monitored and / or searched devices; And / or the searched device includes a processing unit, a memory, a display and / or audio output unit, a transmission / reception antenna, and a spectrum that receives the modulated spread spectrum data and converts the spread spectrum data into baseband data. Spreading receiver, spread-spectrum transmitter, data spreader, synthesizer or frequency oscillator, and correlation means for correlating the spread-spectrum data received by the spread-spectrum receiver with a known pseudo-random noise sequence. The monitoring and / or searching device comprises a processing unit, a memory, a display and / or a sound output unit. An omnidirectional transmission / reception antenna, a directional transmission / reception antenna, a spread spectrum receiver that receives modulated spread spectrum data and converts the spread spectrum data to baseband data, a spread spectrum transmitter, and a data spreader. , A synthesizer or frequency oscillator, correlation means for correlating spread spectrum data received by said spread spectrum receiver with a known pseudo-random noise sequence, and said first sequence from the start of transmission of the first sequence Delay measuring means for measuring the elapsed time until the start of receiving one or more sequences from the monitored and / or searched device in response to the transmission of the one or more monitored and / or searched devices. , The distance and / or direction of each monitored and / or searched device Monitoring, tracking and the search method having the step of monitoring. 41. The monitoring and / or searching device according to claim 40, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device includes means for recognizing each monitored and / or searched device and logging in to the portable monitoring system. Monitoring, tracking and searching methods. 42. The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to claim 40 or 41, wherein one monitoring and / or searching device monitors a plurality of monitored and / or searched devices. 43. A plurality of monitoring and / or searching devices are installed in the portable monitoring system, and each monitored and / or searched device logs in to the plurality of monitoring and / or searching devices. The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to any one of claims 40 to 42. 44. The monitoring, tracking, and searching method according to claim 40, wherein each monitoring and / or searching device includes one directional antenna. 45. The monitoring, tracking, and searching method according to claim 40, wherein each monitoring and / or searching device includes an omni-directional antenna and a directional antenna. 46. Each monitoring and / or searching device includes an omni-directional antenna and a directional antenna, and each monitoring and / or searching device has a step of selecting an antenna to be operated at a predetermined time. The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to any one of claims 40 to 43. 47. Each monitoring and / or searching device comprises an array of a plurality of directional antennas and comprises the step of selecting a combination of a plurality of directional antennas to be activated at a predetermined time. 44. The monitoring, tracking, and searching method according to any one of 40 to 43. 48. The monitoring system according to claim 40, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device includes a diversity antenna. Tracking and search methods. 49. Each monitoring and / or searching device and / or each monitored and / or
49. The monitoring, tracking, and searching method according to claim 40, wherein the searched devices mutually transmit and receive messages. 50. The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to claim 49, further comprising means for encrypting a message to be transmitted and decrypting the received message. 51. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device generates a message for remotely activating and / or remotely controlling another device. Item 50. The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to Item 49 or 50. 52. The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to claim 49, further comprising the step of protecting the message with an error correction code. 53. The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to any one of claims 49 to 52, further comprising the step of generating a voice message synthesized using the received message. 54. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device includes voice recognition means.
54. The monitoring, tracking, and searching method according to any one of Items 53 to 53. 55. The monitoring and / or searching device according to claim 40, further comprising a bar code reader, that is, a bar code reader interface.
The monitoring, tracking and searching method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 56. The monitoring according to claim 40, wherein the monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device comprises a smart card reader. , Tracking and search methods. 57. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device comprises a PCMCIA interface and / or a serial interface. The monitoring, tracking and searching method described in the above. 58. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the pessimistic and / or searched device may be an analog or digital device that searches for external events or interfaces with external sensors and / or activates external devices or circuits. 58. The monitoring, tracking, and searching method according to claim 40, further comprising an input / output line. 59. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device comprises a global positioning system receiver, according to claim 40. Monitoring, tracking and search methods. 60. The monitoring and / or searching device provided with a global positioning system receiver is used for locating the monitored and / or searched device. Monitoring according to any one of the preceding claims,
Tracking and search methods. 61. The monitoring and / or searching device and / or the monitored and / or searched device includes a mechanical or electrical compass means. The monitoring, tracking and searching method described in the above. 62. A monitor comprising the steps of monitoring, tracking and searching for said monitoring and / or searching device by means of the monitored and / or searching device based on information received from the monitoring and / or searching device. , Tracking and search methods. 63. A portable surveillance system according to claim 1, further comprising means for allowing three or more devices to exchange data with one another. 64. The monitoring system according to claim 33, wherein the plurality of devices work together in monitoring and / or searching and / or locating the third device. Tracking and search methods. 65. A method for monitoring, tracking, and searching for an object, a person, or an animal, which is described with reference to the drawings.