JP2001354580A - Coccidiostat - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly safe coccidiostat free from any problems including side effects, causing e.g. no loss of its efficacy due to drug resistance acquirement, and having high prophylactic and therapeutic effect on coccidiosis, and to provide a method for preventing and treating coccidiosis by the use of the above coccidiostat. SOLUTION: This coccidiostat comprises, as the active ingredient, at least one kind selected from oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove. The other objective method for preventing and/or treating coccidiosis comprises administrating the above coccidiostat to animal(s) suffering therefrom.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an anticoccidial agent for preventing and treating coccidiosis in animals.
And a method for preventing or treating coccidiosis in animals using the anticoccidial agent.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Coccidiosis in poultry such as chickens, turkeys, quails and snarling birds, livestock such as rabbits, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, and pets such as dogs and cats is a type of parasitic protozoan. It is an infectious disease caused by infection, and it occurs frequently worldwide. Coccidiosis, for example, in chickens, is Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina (E. acervulina), Eimeria necatrix (E. necatrix), Eimeria brunettei (E. brunetii).
netti), Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mivati, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria Plecox (E. pre)
cox), E. hagani, and the like. In turkeys, E. meleagrimitis, E. adenoides, and E. galopabonis (E. gal)
lopovonis).

[0003] As is clear from the above, chickens and turkeys differ in the types of Eimeria parasites that parasitize. Eimeria parasites are host-specific, and those that infest chickens are other birds and animals. Does not parasitize, but its basic life cycle is almost the same. That is, when an animal ingests a mature oocyst from the outside together with food and the like, the oocyst wall is broken in the muscle stomach, and four sporocysts are excreted from one oocyst, and the sporocyst is sent to the intestine and is acted on by the action of enzymes. Two sporozoites are discharged from each sporocyst. Sporozoites invade intestinal mucosal cells and repeat division, becoming schizonts containing several to hundreds of merozoites in one to two days, and the merozoites in the schizont break out of the cell membrane of the schizont and migrate out, Invades the cells of the mucous membrane. In the cells of the intestinal mucosa, most of the merozoites undergo sexual reproduction to become microgamates (males) and macrogamates (females), which join and fertilize to become oocysts, fall off the intestinal mucosa and are excreted in feces. You. When excreted from the body, the oocysts are immature and infectious, but become mature infectious oocysts within a few days, and the above-described series of cycles are repeated thereafter.

[0004] Animals infected with coccidiosis protozoa such as Eimeria protozoa exhibit symptoms such as diarrhea and bloody stool.
If treatment is delayed or symptoms are severe, death often occurs, and growth is inhibited even without death. For this reason, coccidiosis is one of the most vulnerable animal diseases, and has become a serious problem particularly for poultry breeders (poultry farmers) who handle a large number of poultry.

Conventionally, in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in animals, biological preparations such as chemotherapeutic agents and vaccines comprising antibiotics (such as polyether antibiotics such as salinomycin) and synthetic antibacterial agents (such as sulfa drugs). Has been mainly used. However, antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents have problems such as the occurrence of side effects and the decrease in effects due to the acquisition of resistance to the drugs. In the case of vaccine, it was only for prevention and could not be used for treatment. Moreover, when humans consume the meat and eggs of animals to which these drugs have been administered, there is a problem of transfer of the drugs remaining in the animals to the human body, and strict restrictions are imposed on the amount of use and the administration period. Was needed. From such a point, there is a need for a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for coccidiosis that does not have the above-described problems in antibiotics, synthetic antibacterial agents, vaccines, and the like, is highly safe, and has an excellent anticoccidial effect.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a drug which is excellent in safety, free from problems such as side effects, does not cause a decrease in effects due to the acquisition of resistance to a drug, and has good prevention against coccidiosis. Another object of the present invention is to provide an anticoccidial agent exhibiting a therapeutic effect and a method for preventing or treating coccidiosis in animals using the anticoccidial agent.

[0007]

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, have found that oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, and ginger, which are substances derived from natural products and conventionally widely used as spices. It has been unexpectedly found that at least one substance selected from cinnamon and clove has an effect of preventing or treating coccidiosis. In addition, we have identified oregano,
As sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove, both solids and essential oils were found to be effective in preventing or treating coccidiosis, and the present invention was completed based on these findings. .

Accordingly, the present invention relates to (1) oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger,
An anticoccidial agent containing at least one selected from cinnamon and clove as an active ingredient. The present invention is (2) the anticoccidial agent according to (1), wherein a solid or an essential oil is used as at least one selected from oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and clove. Furthermore, the present invention is (3) a method for preventing and / or treating coccidiosis in an animal by administering the anticoccidial agent of the above (1) or (2) to the animal.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail. Oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove used in the present invention, as described above, are all substances derived from natural products and have been widely used as spices in the past, Excellent safety. The anticoccidial agent of the present invention may contain only one of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and clove, or may contain two or more thereof.

In the present invention, solid substances such as powders, granules, flakes and crushed materials, and corresponding plants are steam-distilled and pressed as oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove. Essential oils obtained by processing such as solvent extraction (oregano essential oil, sage essential oil, rosemary essential oil, nutmeg essential oil,
Ginger essential oil, cinnamon essential oil and clove essential oil) can be used. Oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove solids (especially powder) and essential oils have all been widely commercially available and can be easily obtained.
In the present invention, they can be obtained and used.

The dosage form of the anticoccidial agent of the present invention may be any of liquid, semi-solid (paste etc.) and solid. When it is solid, it can be in the form of powder, granules, tablets, capsules, pills and the like. In particular, when using oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and / or clove powder, the powder is used as it is in feed or drinking water or the like, or the powder is used as granules, tablets, capsules, It is convenient to use it in the form of a pill or the like. Also,
When using oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon or clove essential oils,
The essential oil may be used as it is in feed or drinking water, or may be used by dissolving the essential oil in a vegetable oil (for example, soybean oil, salad oil, rapeseed oil, etc.) and diluting the essential oil. It may be adsorbed on an agent (eg, silica, corn cob, corn flour, defatted rice bran, bran, etc.) and used in powder form.

[0012] The anticoccidial agent of the present invention may contain excipients, fillers, binders, disintegrants, sweeteners, seasonings, and so on, which are commonly used in pharmaceuticals, as long as they do not hinder the efficacy of the anticoccidial agent. Various ingredients such as spices can be included.

In administering the anticoccidial agent of the present invention to animals, either oral administration or parenteral administration can be employed, and among them, oral administration is preferred. When the anticoccidial agent of the present invention is orally administered to an animal, it may be directly administered to the animal as it is, may be added to a feed, or may be administered to drinking water. .

The dose of the anticoccidial agent of the present invention to an animal may vary depending on the dosage form of the anticoccidial agent, the type of animal, the age (month age), the symptoms, the administration method, and the like. For example,
The anticoccidial agent of the present invention containing at least one of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and clove powders (the total amount when two or more powders are contained) as an active ingredient is orally administered to chickens. When administered at a dose of at least one powder of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and clove, the dosage is typically about 0.1 mg / day.
It may be administered in an amount such that it becomes 0.5 to 20 g / kg of body weight over several days to several tens of days. The anticoccidial agent of the present invention containing as an active ingredient at least one of the essential oils of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and clove (when two or more essential oils are contained) is used as a chicken. When administered orally, the dosage of at least one of the essential oils of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove is usually about 0.0005-6 per day.
g / kg of body weight for several days to several tens of days. The administration of the anticoccidial agent of the present invention to an animal may be carried out over the entire breeding period or only during a part of the breeding period. The coccidial effect is obtained.

When the anticoccidial agent of the present invention is added to feed or drinking water and administered to animals, the anticoccidial agent may be oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg,
When at least one of ginger, cinnamon and clove powders is used as an active ingredient, at least one of the powders is added at a ratio of about 0.1 to 10% by mass relative to the mass of feed or drinking water. It is preferred to add.
Further, when the anticoccidial agent of the present invention is added to feed or drinking water and administered to an animal, the anticoccidial agent is
When at least one of the essential oils of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and clove is used as an active ingredient, at least one of the essential oils is used in an amount of about 0 to the mass of feed or drinking water. .0
It is preferable to add at a rate of 01 to 3% by mass.

The anticoccidial agent of the present invention can be used for poultry such as chickens, turkeys, quails, geese and moles, pigs,
Used for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, pets such as dogs and cats, and all other animals known to be infected with coccidiosis be able to.

[0017]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and the like, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1 (1) A mixed feed (basal feed) for broilers, which does not contain an antibiotic or a synthetic anticoccidial agent and has the composition shown in Table 1 below, was prepared.

[0019]

[Table 1]

(2) Chunky primal chicks (male) are transferred to each ward 3
Ten plots were prepared at a rate of 0 birds (divisions 1 to 10) (a total of 300 birds). (3) For the chicks in the first section (control), the basal feed shown in Table 1 above was fed as it was and allowed to freely ingest with drinking water without infecting Eimeria tenella up to 15 days of age. They were bred and dissected at 15 days of age. (4) For the chicks in Section 2 (Comparative Example), Sections 3 to 9 (Example), and Section 10 (Reference Example), whether to feed the basic feed shown in Table 1 above (Section 2) Alternatively, feeds shown in Table 2 below, which are obtained by adding the following components to the basic feed, are allowed to be fed freely with drinking water, and at the age of 7 days, 10,000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella at a rate of 10,000 / bird. They were orally infected and bred to 15 days of age and dissected at 15 days of age. In addition, the addition amount of each component in the following Table 2 is
It is a mass ratio (outside ratio) based on the mass of the basal feed.

[0021]

[Table 2]

(5) At the time of the above breeding,
The average body weight at the start of breeding, the average body weight at the end of breeding (15 days old), and the average underfeeding (average feed intake) per bird during the breeding period (15 days) were measured, and the average weight gain and average The weight gain ratio (the average weight gain ratio of each of the second to tenth sections when the average weight gain of the first section (control example) not infected with Eimeria tenella) was determined to be 100, was determined. And as shown in Table 6.

(6) On the day of dissection, feces were collected from the fecal plate for each section, and the number of oocysts of Eimeria tenella in 1 g of feces was measured. The results are as shown in Tables 5 and 6 below. (7) The presence or absence and condition of the lesion in the cecum portion of the dissected chicks were evaluated according to the criteria shown in Table 3 below. And Table 3
As shown in the above, the score is evaluated (converted into a score) by setting-to 0, + to 1, ++ to 2, +++ to 3, and ++++ to 4.
The total score for each section was determined, and the total score was divided by 30 to obtain an average lesion value. The results were as shown in Tables 5 and 6 below.

[0024]

[Table 3]

(8) The number of oocysts per gram of the cecum of the dissected chick was measured and evaluated according to the criteria shown in Table 4 below. The results are as shown in Tables 5 and 6 below.

[0026]

[Table 4]

[0027]

[Table 5]

[0028]

[Table 6]

From the results shown in Tables 5 and 6, oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger,
In the third to ninth sections to which cinnamon or clove was administered, the average lesion value in the cecum was lower than that in the second section (comparative example), indicating that infection to Eimeria tenella was suppressed to a low level. . In particular, in the sixth section to which nut meg was administered, the average lesion value was even lower.

Example 2 (1) Chunky newborn chicks (males) were prepared in 10 sections at a ratio of 30 birds in each section (sections 11 to 20) (300 in total).
wing). (2) For chicks in the 11th ward (control), see Table 1 above.
Was fed as it was, fed freely with drinking water without infecting Eimeria aserbrina, bred to 13 days of age, and dissected at 13 days of age. (3) The chicks in the twelfth section (comparative example), the thirteenth to nineteenth sections (example) and the twentieth section (reference example) were fed with each of the feeds shown in Table 2 above, 13 days after oral ingestion of oocysts of Eimeria aserbrina at the rate of 50,000 / bird at 7 days of age.
They were bred to day of age and dissected at 13 days of age.

(4) At the time of the above breeding,
The average body weight at the start of breeding, the average body weight at the end of breeding (13 days of age), and the average underfeeding (average feed intake) per bird during the breeding period (13 days) were measured, and the average weight gain and average Gain ratio [sections 12 to 2 when the average weight gain in section 11 (control) of non-infected Eimeria acerbrina was 100
The average weight gain ratios in the 0th section] were determined, and the results are as shown in Tables 8 and 9 below. Tables 8 and 9
As shown in, in all of the 11th to 20th wards,
The survival rate of the chicks at the age of 13 days was 100%.

(5) On the day of dissection, feces were collected from the fecal plate for each section, and the number of oocysts of Eimeria acerbrina in 1 g of feces was measured. The results are as shown in Tables 8 and 9 below. (6) The presence or absence and the state of the lesion in the small intestine of the dissected chick were evaluated according to the criteria shown in Table 7 below. And Table 7
As shown in the above, the score is evaluated (converted into a score) by setting-to 0, + to 1, ++ to 2, +++ to 3, and ++++ to 4.
The total score for each section was obtained, and the total score was divided by 30 to obtain an average lesion value. The results were as shown in Tables 8 and 9 below.

(7) The number of oocysts per gram of small intestine of the dissected chick was measured and evaluated according to the criteria shown in Table 4 above. The results are as shown in Tables 8 and 9 below.

[0034]

[Table 7]

[0035]

[Table 8]

[0036]

[Table 9]

From the results in Tables 8 and 9 above, it was found that oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger,
In sections 13 to 19 to which cinnamon or clove was administered, the average lesion value in the small intestine was lower than that in section 12 (comparative example), indicating that infection to Eimeria acerbrina was suppressed to a lower level. In particular, in the 13th section where oregano was administered, the 16th section where nutmeg was administered, and the 19th section where clove was administered, the average lesion value was even lower.

Example 3 (1) Chunky newborn chicks (male) were prepared in 10 sections at a ratio of 30 birds in each section (sections 21 to 30) (300 in total).
wing). (2) For chicks in the 21st ward (control), see Table 1 above.
The basic feed is fed as it is, and is allowed to freely ingest with drinking water without transmission of Eimeria tenella.
They were bred to day of age and dissected at 15 days of age. (3) The chicks in the 22nd section (comparative example), the 23rd to 29th sections (examples) and the 30th section (reference example) were fed with each of the feeds shown in Table 10 below, and At 7 days of age, oocysts of Eimeria tenella were orally infected at a rate of 40,000 per chick, reared up to 15 days of age, and dissected at 15 days of age. Table 10 below
The amount of each component added in the above is a mass ratio (outside ratio) based on the mass of the basic feed.

[0039]

[Table 10]

(4) At the time of the above rearing,
The average body weight at the start of breeding, the average body weight at the end of breeding (15 days old), and the average underfeeding (average feed intake) per bird during the breeding period (15 days) were measured, and the average weight gain and average The weight gain ratio [the average weight gain ratio of each of the 22nd to 30th sections when the average weight gain of the 21st section (control order) without Eimeria tenella infection] was 100 was determined. And Table 12. Table 11 and Table 1
As shown in FIG. 2, the survival rate of the chicks at 15 days of age was 100% in the 21st section and the 23rd to 30th sections,
In the 22nd section, the survival rate of the chicks at the age of 15 days was 90%.

(5) On the day of dissection, feces were collected from each feces plate and the number of oocysts of Eimeria tenella in 1 g of feces was measured. The results are shown in Tables 11 and 12 below. (6) The presence / absence and condition of the lesion in the cecum of the dissected chicks were evaluated according to the criteria shown in Table 3 above. And Table 3
As shown in the above, the score is evaluated (converted into a score) by setting-to 0, + to 1, ++ to 2, +++ to 3, and ++++ to 4.
The total score for each section was determined, and the total score was divided by 30 to obtain an average lesion value. The results were as shown in Tables 11 and 12 below.

(7) The number of oocysts per gram of the cecum of the dissected chick was measured and evaluated according to the criteria shown in Table 4 above. The results are as shown in Tables 11 and 12 below.

[0043]

[Table 11]

[0044]

[Table 12]

From the results shown in Tables 11 and 12, in the 23rd to 29th sections to which the essential oil of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon or clove was administered, the results were in the 22nd section (comparative example). In comparison, the average lesion value in the cecum was low, indicating that infection to Eimeria tenella was kept low. In particular, in the 24th section to which sage essential oil was administered and the 25th section to which rosemary essential oil was administered, the average lesion value was even lower.

[0046]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION The coccidium agent of the present invention comprising at least one of oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove as an active ingredient,
It can be used safely and effectively for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in various animals, without causing side effects such as antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents or diminishing effects due to acquisition of resistance to drugs. it can. When administered to an animal infected with coccidiosis, the symptoms can be reduced. The anticoccidial agent of the present invention is particularly effective against coccidiosis in poultry, and can reduce the burden on poultry farmers handling a large number of poultry.

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Nobuyuki Arai 1242-5 Oguchi, Nishinasuno-cho, Nasu-gun, Tochigi Prefecture F-term in the Nasu Research Laboratories of Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. 4C088 AB12 AB33 AB38 AB57 AB81 NA14 ZC64

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An anticoccidial agent comprising as an active ingredient at least one selected from oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove. 2. As oregano, sage, rosemary, nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and clove,
The anticoccidial agent according to claim 1, wherein a solid substance or an essential oil is used. 3. A method for preventing and / or treating coccidiosis in an animal by administering the anticoccidial agent according to claim 1 or 2 to the animal.