JP2001330823A - Liquid crystal display panel, view finder using the same and projection type display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display panel capable of display with high brightness and with high contrast without leaking of light from the peripheral part of a pixel and to provide a view finder and a projection type display device. SOLUTION: A color filter 612 is superposed on a pixel electrode 11. The color filters 612 of plural colors are superposed on source signal lines 14. A material for the color filter 612 is selected from materials having dielectric constant lower than that of a liquid crystal layer 24. No leaking of light is generated as a magnetic field shielding effect is exhibited and no magnetic field is generated in the liquid crystal layer of a peripheral part of the pixel electrode by coating the surface of the source signal line 14 with the color filter 612.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device for enlarging and projecting an image displayed on a small liquid crystal display panel onto a screen (hereinafter referred to as a "projection display device"), and a display used as a photographic monitor of a video camera. Device (hereinafter
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display panel used for the projection display device and the light valve of the viewfinder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display panel has many features such as light weight and thinness, and therefore has been actively researched and developed. But,
There are many problems such as difficulty in increasing the screen. Therefore, in recent years, a projection type display device that obtains a large-screen display image by enlarging and projecting a display image of a small-sized liquid crystal panel with a projection lens or the like has been attracting attention. At present, a commercially available projection display device uses a twisted nematic (hereinafter, referred to as TN) liquid crystal display panel utilizing the optical rotation characteristics of liquid crystal.

Hereinafter, a conventional liquid crystal display panel will be described. However, parts unnecessary for the description are omitted, and the drawings are modeled for easy understanding. The same applies to the following drawings.

FIG. 39 is a sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal layer 272 uses TN liquid crystal. T
Array substrate 22 on which FT 12 and the like are formed and counter electrode 23
Are held at intervals of 4 to 6 μm, and a TN liquid crystal 272 is injected between both substrates. The periphery of the display area is sealed with a sealing resin (not shown). Reference numeral 271 denotes a black matrix (hereinafter, referred to as BM) formed of a metal thin film such as chrome, and has a light shielding function. The counter electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 11 are formed of a transparent material such as ITO, and the alignment film 2 is formed on the electrode.
73 are formed.

[0005]

As is apparent from the above description, a liquid crystal display panel using a TN liquid crystal needs to use a polarizing plate to convert incident light into linearly polarized light. Further, it is necessary to arrange a polarizing plate on the emission side of the liquid crystal display panel in order to detect light modulated by the liquid crystal display panel. In other words, before and after the TN liquid crystal display panel, there are a polarizing plate (hereinafter referred to as a polarizer) for converting light into linearly polarized light and a polarizing plate (hereinafter referred to as an analyzer) for detecting modulated light. It is necessary to arrange two polarizing plates. Assuming that the pixel aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display panel is 100% and the light amount incident on the polarizer is 1, the light amount emitted from the polarizer is 40%, the transmittance of the liquid crystal display panel is 100%, and the transmittance of the analyzer is 80%. given that,
The overall transmittance is 0.4 × 0.8 = 32%,
Only about 30% of the light can be used effectively. Therefore TN
Only a low-luminance image display can be realized with a liquid crystal display panel.

[0006] Most of the light lost by the polarizing plate or the like is absorbed by the polarizing plate and converted into heat. Heat heats the liquid crystal display panel by the polarizing plate itself and radiant heat. In the case of a projection display device, the amount of light incident on the polarizing plate is tens of thousands lux or more. Therefore, when a TN liquid crystal display panel is used for a projection type display device, the polarizing plate, the panel, and the like are in a high temperature state, causing a significant deterioration in performance in a short period of time. The deterioration is particularly remarkable in the polarizer of the display panel.

Further, the TN liquid crystal display panel needs to apply an alignment film and perform a rubbing treatment. The rubbing treatment or the like increases the number of processes and causes an increase in manufacturing cost. Also,
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the number of pixels of a liquid crystal display panel used for a projection display device has become large, such as 300,000 pixels or more. Pixel miniaturization is signal line, TF
Naturally, a large number of irregularities of T are formed, and it is natural that the rubbing treatment cannot be properly performed due to the irregularities. In addition, miniaturization of the pixel size requires T
The area for forming the FT and the signal line is increased, and the pixel aperture ratio is reduced. For example, when 350,000 pixels are formed on a 3 inch diagonal liquid crystal display panel, the pixel aperture ratio is about 30%. In the case of forming TFT with amorphous silicon,
There is also a predicted value of just under 20% when 1.5 million pixels are formed. These reductions in the pixel aperture ratio are not limited to lowering the luminance of the display image, but the liquid crystal display panel is further heated by the light applied to the area other than the incident light aperture, thereby accelerating the above-described performance degradation.

The TN liquid crystal modulates the light by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal by a voltage applied to the pixel electrode. Polarizing plates are arranged on the incident side and the emitting side of the TN liquid crystal display panel, respectively, and the polarizing axes of the polarizing plates are orthogonal to each other. The polarization axis of the incident-side polarizing plate (hereinafter, referred to as a polarizer) and the orientation axis of the substrate on the light incident surface of the liquid crystal display panel coincide or are orthogonal to each other. Generally, a TN liquid crystal display panel is used in a mode in which black display can be performed with a voltage applied (hereinafter, referred to as an NW mode).

The display image of the NW mode liquid crystal display panel has good color reproducibility, but the problem is that light leaks from the pixel periphery of the pixel opening 411 (reverse domain region 412) as shown in FIG. There is. This is because the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a direction opposite to the normal alignment direction. This alignment state is called an inverted chilled domain. This occurs because the rising direction of the liquid crystal molecules is partially reversed by the electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the signal line. In the part where the rising direction of the liquid crystal molecules is reversed, the light passes through the analyzer on the emission surface even though the voltage is applied. That is, light leakage occurs. No light leakage occurs in a normal liquid crystal rising direction.

As a method of preventing light leakage, there is a method of increasing the width of the BM formed on the counter electrode. That is, the BM 271 is formed so as to cover the reverse domain region 412. This also reduces the pixel closed area, and reducing the display luminance is not an effective method.

In the liquid crystal display panel using the TN liquid crystal as described below, light leakage is likely to occur in the peripheral portion of the pixel, so that the black matrix must be thick.
Therefore, the light utilization is poor and the display luminance is low. The light applied to the black matrix heats the liquid crystal panel, raising the panel temperature and shortening the life of the panel.

Further, as a problem of the TN liquid crystal display panel,
That is, the incident angle of light and the display contrast depend on it. This occurs because the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 272 are inclined at a certain angle with respect to the normal to the pixel electrode 11. If the inclination of the liquid crystal molecules and the incident angle of light match, the display contrast is good. However, if they do not match, the display contrast is significantly deteriorated. This problem is serious for a projection display device using a TN liquid crystal display panel as a light valve. This is because, in the projection display device, it is difficult to make the principal ray of light incident on the light valve in a constant direction in the entire region of the light valve due to optical design. For example, as shown in FIG. 40, the principal ray of light incident on the light valve 401 (TN liquid crystal display panel) is different between the upper part and the lower part of the panel.

If the inclination of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 272 coincides with the principal ray c, the display contrast below the display area of the light valve becomes good. However, the upper chief ray “a” does not match, and the upper display contrast is significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the display contrast deteriorates from the lower part to the upper part of the screen. In other words, the image display at the bottom of the screen is good, but the image at the top of the screen is in a poor low-quality image display state. This phenomenon significantly reduces image display.

Another problem arises when arranging red, blue and green mosaic color filters on a TN liquid crystal display panel. This is because the color filter is formed of a resin, so that a phase difference is generated and the polarization state is broken. That is, the linearly polarized light that has passed through the polarizer is partially elliptically polarized by the color filter. This causes a reduction in display contrast. In the case of a direct-view panel, this effect is small, but when used as a light valve of a projection display device, the effect on display contrast is large.

[0015]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the display panel of the present invention mainly uses a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal as a light modulation layer. First, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal will be briefly described.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is roughly classified into two types according to the dispersion state of the liquid crystal and the polymer. One is a type in which a liquid crystal in the form of water droplets is dispersed in a polymer. The liquid crystal exists in a discontinuous state in the polymer. Hereinafter, such a liquid crystal is called a PDLC, and a liquid crystal display panel using the liquid crystal is called a PD liquid crystal display panel. The other type adopts a structure in which a polymer network is stretched around a liquid crystal layer. It looks just like a sponge with liquid crystal. Liquid crystals exist continuously without being in the form of water droplets. Hereinafter, such a liquid crystal is called a PNLC, and a liquid crystal display panel using the liquid crystal is called a PN liquid crystal display panel. In order to display an image on the two types of liquid crystal display panels, scattering and transmission of light are controlled.

PDLC utilizes the property that the refractive index varies in the direction in which the liquid crystal is oriented. In the state where no voltage is applied, the respective liquid crystal droplets are oriented in an irregular direction. In this state, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer and the liquid crystal, and the incident light is scattered. Here, when a voltage is applied, the alignment directions of the liquid crystals are aligned. If the refractive index when the liquid crystal is aligned in a certain direction is adjusted in advance to the refractive index of the polymer, incident light is transmitted without being scattered.

On the other hand, PNLC uses the irregularity of the alignment of liquid crystal molecules. In an irregular orientation state, that is, in a state where no voltage is applied, incident light is scattered.
On the other hand, when a voltage is applied to make the arrangement state regular, light is transmitted.

The above description of the movement of the liquid crystal of PDLC and PNLC is based on a model.
Although the present invention is not limited to one of the PD liquid crystal display panel and the PN liquid crystal display panel, the PD liquid crystal display panel will be described as an example for ease of explanation.
PDLC and PNLC are collectively called PD liquid crystal. In the following description, a PD liquid crystal will be described as an example of the light modulation layer.

FIGS. 37A and 37B are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the PD liquid crystal. A thin film transistor (not shown) or the like is connected to the pixel electrode 11, and a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 11 by turning on and off the TFT, thereby modulating light by changing a liquid crystal alignment direction on the pixel electrode 11. (FIG. 39
As shown in (a)), when no voltage is applied,
The liquid crystal molecules in each of the liquid crystal droplets 31 are oriented in an irregular direction. In this state, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer 32 and the liquid crystal 31 and the incident light is scattered. Here, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 14 as shown in FIG. 37B, the directions of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned. The refractive index when the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a certain direction is determined in advance by polymer 32.
If you leave together with the refractive index n _p, the incident light emitted from the array substrate 22 without scattering.

The PD liquid crystal is an alignment film 273 like the TN liquid crystal.
Is not required, so that the alignment defect does not occur naturally. Further, basically, light modulation can be performed without using a polarizing plate or the like, so that the light utilization rate is high and the display luminance can be increased. Note that the light modulation layer is described as a PD liquid crystal for ease of description, but is not limited thereto.

A display panel according to a second aspect of the present invention mainly comprises pixel electrodes 11 arranged in a matrix as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a switching element for applying a signal to the pixel electrodes 11. TFT 12 and the TF
A signal for setting T12 to an operation state (hereinafter, referred to as an ON signal)
And a signal for disabling operation (hereinafter referred to as an off signal)
Substrate 22 on which a gate signal line 13 for transmitting an image signal and a source signal line 14 for transmitting a video signal to be applied to the pixel electrode 11, a counter substrate 21 on which a counter electrode 23 is formed, PD that forms an optical image as a change in the state of light scattering held between substrate 22 and counter substrate 21
A liquid crystal layer 24, adjacent to the source signal line 14, and
A light-shielding film formed on the periphery of the pixel electrode; and the pixel electrode and the gate signal line are laminated via an insulating film.

If there is a potential difference between the pixel electrode 11 and the source signal line 14, etc., lines of electric force (lateral electric field) are generated, and liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the lines of electric force. Therefore, light leakage occurs in the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 11 adjacent to the signal line. In the present invention, since the light-shielding film 15 is formed around the pixel electrode 11, light leakage due to the orientation of the liquid crystal hardly occurs, and therefore, the display contrast can be improved.

The display panel according to the third aspect of the present invention mainly has a PD liquid crystal layer 24 sandwiched between an array substrate 22 and a counter substrate 21 as shown in FIGS. A part of the gate signal line 13 extends so as to be adjacent to the source signal line 14. Further, the pixel electrode 11, the gate signal line 13, and a part of the gate signal line 13 are stacked via an insulating film 25.

In the display panel according to the second aspect of the present invention, a light shielding film 15 is formed around the pixel electrode 11 to prevent light from leaking. In the display panel according to the third aspect of the present invention, a part of the gate signal line 13 is formed close to the source signal line 14, and a part of the gate signal line is a light shielding film. In addition, the pixel electrode 11 and the gate signal line 13 (including a part of the gate signal line) are stacked via an insulating film 25 (referred to as a former gate method (see FIG. 4)), whereby the pixel electrode is formed. An additional capacitor 44 is formed between the gate signal line 11 and the gate signal line 13.

The display panel according to a fourth aspect of the present invention has a PD liquid crystal layer 24 sandwiched between an array substrate 22 and a counter substrate 21 as shown in FIG. Is formed with a light-shielding film 15 in the peripheral portion. Further, a polarizing plate 71 or a polarizing beam splitter is arranged on at least one of the array substrate 22 side and the counter substrate 21 side. Preferably, a film 185 made of a material having a relative dielectric constant lower than the relative dielectric constant of the PD liquid crystal 24 is formed on the source signal line 14, and the electric field radiated from the source signal line 14 by the film 185. Shield the horizontal electric field. Further, it is preferable to adopt a pre-stage gate method.

In a transmissive PD liquid crystal display panel, the influence of light leakage due to a horizontal electric field generated between the pixel electrode 11 and the source signal line 14 is large. Since the horizontal electric field is composed of lines of electric force in a certain direction, polarization dependence occurs. Therefore, by properly arranging the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 in the direction in which polarization dependence occurs, light leakage can be prevented, and display contrast can be improved.

The display panel according to the fifth aspect of the present invention has a PD liquid crystal layer 24 sandwiched between an array substrate 22 and a counter substrate 21, and has a positive or negative potential with respect to the potential of the counter electrode 23. A driving unit (see FIG. 14) for sequentially applying signals of opposite polarity to the pixel electrodes 11 and a polarizing unit 71 disposed on at least one of the array substrate 22 side and the counter substrate 21 side are provided. The driving unit applies a signal to the pixel electrodes 11 such that the pixel electrodes 11 arranged in a matrix are in a first state in which the polarity is different for each row or a second state in which the polarity is different for each column. . Also, the first
In the state described above, the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing means 71 is made substantially coincident with the direction in which the first signal line is formed. In the second state, the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing means 71 is changed to the second signal line. Approximately match the direction of line formation.

In the display panel according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a signal having a different polarity is applied to the pixel electrode 11 for each row or each column by the driving means. Therefore, the direction in which the polarization dependence occurs in the liquid crystal display panel becomes one direction or increases. Therefore, by properly arranging the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 in the direction in which the polarization dependence occurs, light leakage can be greatly reduced.

The display panel according to the ninth aspect of the present invention is configured such that a PD is provided between an array substrate 22 on which reflective electrodes 182 arranged in a matrix and a TFT 12 for applying a signal to the reflective electrodes 182 are formed, and a counter substrate 21. The liquid crystal layer 24 is sandwiched. Further, a driving means for sequentially applying a signal of a positive polarity or a reverse polarity to the potential of the counter electrode 181 to the reflection electrode 182 and a polarizing means 7 on the counter substrate 21 side.
1 is arranged. The reflection electrode 182 is formed on the TFT 12.

The driving means applies a signal to the pixel electrode so that the reflective electrodes 182 arranged in a matrix form a first state in which the polarity differs for each row or a second state in which the polarity differs for each column. Apply. In the first state, the polarization axis 73 of the polarization means 71 is made substantially coincident with the direction in which the source signal line 13 is formed. In the second state, the polarization means 7 is polarized.
One polarization axis 73 substantially coincides with the direction in which the gate signal line 14 is formed.

Preferably, the opposite substrate 21 has an ITO thin film 181b serving as an opposite electrode and dielectric thin films 181a and 181a.
c, and the refractive index of the dielectric thin film is smaller than the refractive index of the ITO thin film 181b, larger than the refractive index of the PD liquid crystal layer 24, and the refractive index is 1.5. At least 1.8. Further, the optical film thickness of the dielectric thin film 181b is approximately λ / 4, where λ is the design main wavelength of light.
81b is approximately λ / 2.

Preferably, the dielectric thin film is made of dialuminum trioxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), yttrium trioxide (Y
₂ O ₃ ), silicon monoxide (SiO), tungsten trioxide (WO ₃ ), cerium trifluoride (CeF ₃ ), lanthanum trifluoride (LaF ₃ ), or neodymium trifluoride (NdF ₃ ) .

In the reflection type PD liquid crystal display panel according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the signal lines such as the source signal line 14 are connected to the reflection electrode 1.
82 is formed in the lower layer. Therefore, the horizontal electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer 24 is mainly generated between the reflective electrodes 182. Then, a signal of opposite polarity is applied to the reflective electrode 182 for each row or column by using the driving means, so that the direction in which the polarization dependence occurs is made one direction, and the direction in which the polarization dependence is generated and the polarization plate 71 are applied. If the polarization axis 73 is made appropriate,
The display (display noise) other than the regular display generated around the reflective electrode 181 can be significantly reduced.

The display panel according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention mainly has a PD liquid crystal layer 24 sandwiched between an array substrate 22 and a counter substrate 21 as shown in FIG.
Between the source signal line 14 and the pixel electrode 11 and between the pixel electrode 11
A light shielding film is formed in the peripheral portion of. Preferably, the light-shielding film 131 contains a dye that absorbs light modulated by the PD liquid crystal layer 24. The light-shielding film 131 prevents light from leaking out of the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 11 and absorbs light diffusely reflected in the liquid crystal layer 24, thereby preventing halation and improving display contrast.

Further, in the display panel according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 12, a light shielding film 121 is formed mainly at a position where light leakage occurs. Specifically, the BM formed on the counter electrode 23 in the TN liquid crystal display panel is formed on the array substrate 22. This configuration eliminates light leakage. Further, since no BM is formed on the counter electrode 23, a liquid (hereinafter, referred to as a mixed liquid) in which liquid crystal and uncured resin are mixed is injected between the array substrate 22 and the counter substrate 21, and then, ultraviolet rays are irradiated. When the resin is cured and the liquid crystal and the resin are phase-separated, ultraviolet rays are not shielded. Therefore, an unpolymerized resin component is not generated in the liquid crystal layer 24, and a liquid crystal display panel that is stable with time can be manufactured.

The display panel according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention mainly has a PD liquid crystal layer 24 sandwiched between an array substrate 22 and a counter substrate 21 as shown in FIG.
A first light-shielding film 15 is formed around the pixel electrode 11;
Further, a second light-shielding film 121 (BM) is formed on the counter substrate 23 facing the position between the pixel electrode 11 and the source signal line 14. Preferably, the light shielding films 15 and 121 are P
A dye that absorbs light modulated by the D liquid crystal layer 24 is contained.

Since the source signal line 14 is formed of a metal thin film, it does not transmit ultraviolet rays. When the liquid crystal and the resin are polymerized, the portions not irradiated with the ultraviolet light remain unpolymerized and have poor stability. Light leakage occurs between the pixel electrode 11 and the source signal line 14 due to the lateral electric field. Therefore, no BM is formed on the counter electrode 23 facing the source signal line 14.
However, the BM 121 is formed on the counter electrode facing between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line. Further, in order to prevent the influence of the misalignment between the opposing substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, a light-shielding film 15 is formed around the pixel electrode 11 so that light leakage does not occur even if some misalignment occurs. To do.

With the above configuration, the resin component remaining unpolymerized in the liquid crystal layer 24 is eliminated, and the stability (time-dependent change) of the panel is improved. In addition, light leakage around the pixel electrode 11 is eliminated, and the display contrast is improved. In addition, there is an advantage in manufacturing that the bonding between the counter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22 may be rough.

The display panel according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention mainly comprises a PD liquid crystal layer between an array substrate 22 on which pixel electrodes 11 arranged in a matrix are formed as shown in FIG. 24, and at least one of the gate signal line 13 and the source signal line 14 is formed of a dielectric column made of a dielectric material lower than the relative dielectric constant of the PD liquid crystal layer 24. 562 is formed on the dielectric column 562 or the dielectric column 5
BM 56 formed on opposing electrode 23 facing opposing 62
1 is provided.

The dielectric pillars 562 prevent lines of electric force generated from the source signal lines 14 and the like, and prevent the adjacent pixel electrodes 1
In order to prevent the occurrence of electromagnetic coupling between the pixel electrodes 11, the lateral electric field is eliminated, and light leakage from the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 11 is eliminated. The dielectric pillars function as spacers for keeping the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 24 constant. Further, BM561 shows a light-shielding effect.

A display panel according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention mainly comprises a PD liquid crystal layer between an array substrate 22 having pixel electrodes 11 arranged in a matrix and an opposing substrate 21 as shown in FIG. 24, and at least one of the gate signal line 13 and the source signal line 14 is provided with an insulating column 57 made of an insulating material.
And the insulating pillar 571 contains a dye that absorbs light modulated by the PD liquid crystal layer 24.

The insulating pillar 571 functions as a spacer for keeping the liquid crystal layer 24 at a constant thickness. Further, since the halation occurring in the liquid crystal layer 24 is prevented, the display contrast is kept good.

The display panel according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention mainly comprises a PD liquid crystal layer between an array substrate 22 on which reflective electrodes 182 arranged in a matrix are formed as shown in FIG. 24, and includes a color filter 612 formed on the reflective electrode 182 and a dielectric thin film 611 formed on the counter substrate 21. The dielectric thin film 611 is a reflective electrode. 1
It is patterned corresponding to 82.

The dielectric thin film 611 is made of TiO ₂ or SiO
Consists of and absorbs ultraviolet light. Therefore, when manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel, when irradiating ultraviolet rays to polymerize the polymer component of the liquid crystal layer 24, the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays can be made different for each pixel. If the irradiation amount (intensity) of the ultraviolet ray is different, the average particle diameter of the liquid droplet liquid crystal 31 is formed differently. When the strength is weak, it is large, and when it is strong, it is small. There is a correlation between the average particle diameter and the scattering characteristics with respect to the wavelength of the incident light. The shorter the wavelength, the smaller the average particle size is, the better the scattering characteristics are, and the longer the wavelength, the better the average particle size is, the better. In the display panel according to claim 15 of the present application, since the average particle diameter is optimally formed according to the color of the color filter, the display contrast is very good.

The display panel according to claim 16 of the present application mainly comprises an array substrate 22 on which transmissive pixel electrodes 11 arranged in a matrix are formed as shown in FIG.
, A PD liquid crystal layer 24 sandwiched between the pixel electrode 11 and the counter electrode 21, and a color filter 612 formed on the pixel electrode 11 or the counter electrode 23 and a color filter 61.
And a dielectric thin film 611 formed on the electrode on which the second electrode 2 is not formed. The dielectric thin film 611 is patterned corresponding to the pixel electrode.

The dielectric thin film 611 is made of TiO ₂ or SiO
Consists of and absorbs ultraviolet light. Therefore, when manufacturing the liquid crystal display panel, when irradiating ultraviolet rays to polymerize the polymer component of the liquid crystal layer 24, the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays can be made different for each pixel. If the irradiation amount (intensity) of the ultraviolet ray is different, the average particle diameter of the liquid droplet liquid crystal 31 is formed differently. When the strength is weak, it is large, and when it is strong, it is small. There is a correlation between the average particle diameter and the scattering characteristics with respect to the wavelength of the incident light. The shorter the wavelength, the smaller the average particle size is, the better the scattering characteristics are, and the longer the wavelength, the better the average particle size is, the better. In the display panel according to claim 15 of the present application, since the average particle diameter is optimally formed according to the color of the color filter, the display contrast is very good.

In the display panel according to the present invention, the dielectric thin film 611 absorbs ultraviolet light more than visible light, and the dielectric thin film 611 is a film corresponding to the color of the color filter 612. The thickness is specified. Further, the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal of the PD liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is formed to a predetermined diameter corresponding to the color of the color filter 612.

In the display panel of the present invention, TF
A light-shielding film is preferably formed on T12 in order to prevent light scattered in the liquid crystal layer from being incident on the TFT12 and causing a photoconductor phenomenon in the TFT12. The thickness of the PD liquid crystal layer is 5 μm or more and 25 μm or less, and the average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal 31 or the average pore diameter of the polymer network of the PD liquid crystal layer is 0.5 μm or more and 3 μm or less.

As described above, the display panel of the present invention prevents light from leaking from the periphery of the pixel electrode, secures optimum scattering characteristics, and improves display contrast.

The display device according to the twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention (FIG. 3)
As shown in 2), it is mainly used as a viewfinder of a video camera or the like. A bean-shaped light emitting lamp 251 as light generating means, a plano-convex lens 253 as light collecting means for converting light emitted from the lamp 251 into substantially parallel light, and a book for modulating light emitted from the plano-convex lens 253 The display panel 254 of the invention and the display panel 2
And a magnifying lens 256 for magnifying the optical image 54 and making the magnified optical image visible to an observer. Further, the light emitted from the lamp 251 and incident on the effective area of the plano-convex lens 253 and traveling straight through the display panel 254 reaches the pupil of the observer.

Preferably, the plane part of the plano-convex lens 253 is arranged facing the lamp.

In the viewfinder according to the present invention, since the size of the light source is small, the power consumption of the light source is smaller than that of the conventional surface light emission method using a fluorescent tube or the like. Also,
It is possible to reduce the size of the entire viewfinder.
In addition, if the light emitting device is configured without using the polarizing plate 71, the light utilization rate is increased, so that the power consumption can be further reduced.

A display device according to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention is a projection type display device such as a projection television, wherein a discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp as a light generating means, a display panel of the present invention, and a display panel modulated by the display panel. It is provided with a projection lens and the like as projection means for projecting light.

The projection display device of the present invention uses the display panel of the present invention as a light valve. A light source such as a metal halide lamp, an optical system such as a lens for guiding light emitted from the light source to the display panel, and a projection lens system for projecting light modulated by the display panel are provided.

In the display device according to the twenty-eighth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the display device according to the twenty-fifth aspect of the present invention, white light generated by the light source is converted into B light and R light by using a dichroic mirror or a dichroic prism. And a color separation optical system for separating light into three primary light paths of G light and G light, and the display panel of the present invention is arranged as a light valve in each light path. The optical images modulated by the three display panels are superimposed on a screen using a projection lens, and a color image is displayed.

The F-number of the projection lens for enlarging and projecting an optical image in the display device according to claim 25 or 28, is 5 or more, and the light converging angle of the projection lens and the spread angle of light incident on the display panel. Are preferably substantially the same.

The display device according to the twenty-eighth aspect of the present invention (FIG. 2)
As shown in 2), it can be configured using the reflective display panel of the present invention. In that case, a discharge lamp 201a such as a metal halide lamp as a light generating means, and a light reflection surface formed of a dielectric multilayer film that reflects light emitted from the discharge lamp 201a and separates the light into red, green, and blue light paths. Light reflecting element 223 having the light reflecting element 223
And a projection lens 221 for enlarging and projecting the light modulated by the display panel.

Since the PD liquid crystal display panel is of a reflection type,
A color combining / separating system can be composed of two or three light reflecting elements (specifically, dichroic mirrors). Therefore, the size of the optical system can be significantly reduced, and the cost can be reduced. In addition, the reflective PD liquid crystal display panel has a high pixel aperture ratio, so that high-luminance display can be performed. In addition, since there is no obstacle on the back surface of the PD liquid crystal display panel, panel cooling is easy. For example, forced air cooling and liquid cooling from the back surface can be easily performed, and a heat sink or the like can be attached to the back surface.

According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device, comprising: a light generating means having a discharge lamp; a first dichroic mirror or a dichroic prism for separating light radiated from the light generating means into optical paths of a plurality of wavelengths. A display panel of the present invention arranged on the plurality of separated optical paths, a second dichroic mirror or a dichroic prism for combining light modulated by the plurality of display panels into one optical path, A projection lens for enlarging and projecting light in the optical path. Further, the polarization axis of the display panel is substantially coincident with the P polarization axis.

On the light separating surface of the dichroic mirror or dichroic prism, transparent dielectric films having different refractive indices are laminated on the transparent plate or the prism surface with a thickness of about the wavelength of light. The laminated transparent dielectric thin film has a function of splitting light into a transmission wavelength region and a reflection wavelength region at an arbitrary wavelength by a light multiple interference phenomenon with little light absorption loss. In such an optical multilayer film, it is known that the difference in spectral characteristics corresponding to P-polarized light and S-polarized light becomes remarkable as the incident angle α of the incident light incident on the light separation surface increases from zero. Therefore, the display device of the present invention is configured so that a sharp color separation characteristic can be obtained by matching the polarization axis of the polarizing plate with the polarized light having a narrow band. Therefore, a good hue of the projected image is obtained.

The display device according to claim 30 of the present application is configured as shown in FIG.
3) a light generating means 201 for emitting light including three primary colors of red light, green light and blue light, and the light generating means 2
A dichroic prism 234 for separating the light emitted from the light source 01 into light paths of a plurality of wavelength bands, a display panel 226 of the present invention adhered to the dichroic prism,
A projection lens 221 for projecting the light modulated by the display panel 226.

The display panel 226 is arranged for each optical path, and the display panel 226 modulates the light on the optical path.
A light absorbing film 241 is formed on the inactive surface of the dichroic prism 234.

In the display device according to the thirtieth aspect of the present invention, the dichroic prism 234 for performing color separation color synthesis and the PD
The liquid crystal panel 226 is adhered, and a light absorbing film 241 is formed on an ineffective surface (a surface and a region not serving as a path of incident light and outgoing light) of the dichroic prism 234. Therefore, the light scattered by the PD liquid crystal panel 226 does not return to the liquid crystal layer again and does not cause secondary scattering, so that the display contrast can be improved and the system can be miniaturized.

The display device according to the thirty-first aspect of the present invention mainly comprises a light generating means 2 having a luminous body as shown in FIG.
06, a display panel 204 of the present invention, and a projection lens 251 for enlarging and projecting the light modulated by the display panel 204.
And a first disposed on the light incident side of the display panel 204.
Aperture means 256, a second aperture means 258 disposed on the light emission side of the display panel 204, an input part converging lens array 254 in which a plurality of input part converging lenses 259 are two-dimensionally arranged, The plurality of input section converging lenses 25
9. A central convergent lens array 255 in which a plurality of pairs of central convergent lenses 260 having the same number as 9 are arranged two-dimensionally.
And an output converging lens 257.

The light emitted from the light generating means 206 is
The light enters the display panel 204 via the input part convergent lens array 254, the central part convergent lens array 255, and the output part convergent lens 257, and the first aperture means 256 mainly passes through the effective area of the secondary light emitter. Has an aperture shape that allows light to pass through selectively.

Each of the input section converging lenses 254 forms a plurality of secondary illuminants near the main plane of each of the corresponding central section converging lenses 255, and each of the central section converging lenses 255 outputs the output light. Each of the image of the object near the main plane of each of the input unit converging lenses 254 corresponding to the unit converging lens 257 is formed as a superimposed form near the effective display area of the display panel 204, and the output unit converging lens 257 is The light emitted from the plurality of secondary light emitters effectively reaches the projection means 251.

Further, the first stop means 256 is arranged near the plurality of secondary luminous bodies, and the first stop means 256
56 and the second stop means 258 have a substantially conjugate relationship, and the first stop means 256 has an opening shape for selectively passing light passing through the substantially effective area of the secondary luminous body. The second stop means 258 has an opening shape for selectively passing the light passing through the first stop 256 when the light modulation layer of the display panel is in a light transmitting state.

Preferably, the first throttle means 256 and the second
Each of the aperture means 258 has an aperture of a substantially similar shape whose magnification is a conjugate ratio of each other.

Further, the display device according to claim 30 of the present application,
A plurality of secondary light emitters are formed discretely to illuminate the PD liquid crystal display panel 204. Therefore, even if the projection lens 251 having a large maximum light condensing angle is used, the PD liquid crystal display panel 2
It is possible to provide the minimum necessary aperture for the light emitted from the light emitting element 04. As a result, a bright and high-contrast projected image can be obtained.

Preferably, in the display device described in claim 30 of the present application, the outer shape of the input portion converging lens 254 and the center converging lens 255 is substantially similar to the shape of the effective display area of the display panel 204.

In the display device of the present invention, it is preferable that the thickness of the light modulating layer of the display panel of the display panel that modulates red light is larger than the thickness of the light modulating layer of another display panel.

First, before describing the operation of the display panel and display device of the present invention, P-polarized light, S-polarized light and the like will be defined using FIG. The P-polarized light includes the normal line 262 of the plane of the light source element such as the dichroic mirror 264 (in the case of a dichroic prism, the normal line of the light separating surface 266 (the surface on which the interference film is formed)) and the traveling direction of the incident light beam 261. Light 267 that vibrates on a surface. The “plane including the traveling direction of the light beam” is referred to as a P-polarized surface 268, and an axis on the surface and perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light beam is referred to as a P-polarized axis 265.
The S-polarized light refers to light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction 263 of the P-polarized light.
An axis on the plane and perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light beam is called an S-polarization axis. Therefore, the P polarization axis and the S polarization axis are orthogonal.

A dichroic prism or a dichroic mirror is mainly used as the color separating means and the color synthesizing means. Either of the above elements may be used in the projection display device of the present invention, but for the sake of simplicity, description will be made mainly with a dichroic mirror as an example.

It is known that the band of light reflected by the dichroic mirror is wider for S-polarized light than for P-polarized light. Conversely, the light transmitted through the dichroic mirror is wider for P-polarized light than for S-polarized light.

When an image is displayed on the PD liquid crystal display panel,
The cause of the deterioration of the display contrast is light leakage from the periphery of the pixel. This occurs because the liquid crystal molecules are aligned with the lines of electric force generated between the signal lines and the pixel electrodes. This is particularly noticeable when a white window is displayed as shown in FIG. This is because the upper and lower black display areas of the white display section are displayed in gray (hereinafter, this phenomenon is referred to as floating black). The luminance distribution is as shown in FIG. line b-b 'portion of the black float does not occur, in principle a constant intensity B ₁ from the top of the screen to the bottom of the screen. However, the portion of the line a-a ', the portion of the luminance B ₁ is a B _2.
When a natural image is displayed on the PD liquid crystal display panel, white lines are displayed above and below the white display portion (hereinafter, this phenomenon is referred to as tailing). This phenomenon greatly reduces the image display quality.

In order to prevent the above-mentioned black floating, the BM 271 is used.
May be formed. However, it is not preferable to form the BM 271 on the counter electrode 23 as in the TN liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG. When manufacturing a PD liquid crystal display panel, a mixture (mixed solution) of an uncured ultraviolet-curable resin and liquid crystal is injected between the counter electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 11, and the resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays, This is for the purpose of phase separation between the resin component and the liquid crystal component. Ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the counter substrate side. When the BM 271 is formed, the BM 2
The resin component below 71 does not cure, and the liquid crystal and the resin component do not phase separate. Therefore, the display panel has poor stability and changes with time, and it is practically difficult to use it as a light valve.

In the case where the BM 271 is formed on the counter electrode 23, the bonding accuracy between the counter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22 becomes important. B when misaligned during lamination
Light leakage occurs from the end of M271. Normally, the width of the BM 271 is made large in consideration of the bonding accuracy. Generally, the bonding accuracy is 5 μm to 10 μm
m. If the BM 271 is made thicker, the pixel aperture ratio decreases accordingly. Therefore, the display luminance decreases.

The display panel of the present invention mainly comprises the pixel electrode 1
On one side, a light shielding film 15 functioning as a BM or a component similar thereto is formed. Usually, B
M does not form. Therefore, at the time of manufacturing, if ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the counter electrode 21 side, uncured resin components do not occur,
No change over time occurs. If the BM is formed on the pixel electrode 11 side, it is not necessary to consider the bonding accuracy between the counter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22.

Light leakage mainly occurs at a position where the lines of electric force are perpendicular to the counter electrode. The locations are on the signal line and around the pixel electrode 11 adjacent to the signal line. Since the signal line is formed of a metal thin film, incident light is not transmitted. Therefore, it is only necessary to shield the periphery of the pixel electrode 11 from light. As described above, light leakage can be prevented by forming the light-shielding film 15 and the like in the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 11 and the like, due to an effect using characteristics peculiar to the PD liquid crystal.

Light shielding film 1 formed around pixel electrode 11 and the like
If 1 or the like is a light absorbing film, display contrast can be improved. The contrast of the PD liquid crystal display panel is improved by minimizing the emitted light in the scattering state. In the scattering state, light is randomly reflected in the liquid crystal layer. If the light is absorbed by the light absorbing film, the emitted light can be reduced, and
Light leakage from adjacent pixels due to halation can also be prevented.

When the light-shielding film 15 and the like are formed, the pixel aperture ratio is reduced by the light-shielding film 15. However, if the structure of the array substrate is formed by the pre-gate method, the rate of reduction is small. In the former gate method, an additional capacitance is formed between a gate signal line and a pixel electrode to accumulate charges. Therefore, a constant gate signal line width is required. According to the present invention, the additional capacitance is formed also at a portion where light leakage occurs at the periphery of the pixel. One of the electrodes of the additional capacitance is a gate signal line, and since the signal line is formed of a metal thin film, it serves as a light shielding film. If the additional capacitance 44 is formed at a location where light leakage occurs, the width of the gate signal line 13 can be reduced by the additional capacitance formed at the location. Adopting the pre-gate method also has the effect of shielding the lines of electric force generated from the gate signal line 13.

If the lines of electric force generated from the source signal line 14 are shielded, light leakage around the pixel electrode 11 can be reduced. This is because electromagnetic coupling between the source signal line 14 and the pixel electrode 11 can be prevented. For shielding, a low dielectric film may be formed on the source signal line 14. Low dielectric film 18
5 is a film made of a dielectric material having a lower dielectric constant than the liquid crystal layer 24.

In a material having a low dielectric constant, lines of electric force hardly pass. That is, the voltage drop is large. Therefore, the number of lines of electric force is reduced in the liquid crystal and no light leakage occurs.
As the thickness of the low dielectric film 185 increases, the effect of preventing light leakage increases. Note that the low dielectric film 185 is formed on the opposite electrode 23.
The structure (the low dielectric pillar 562 or the light shielding pillar 571) that completely fills the space between the gate and the source signal line 14 may be used. In addition, it is possible to prevent light leakage by covering the outer peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 11 largely.

As shown in FIG. 5, a voltage for aligning the liquid crystal molecules 51 on the pixel electrode 11 is applied to the pixel electrode 11, and a signal voltage to the TFT 12 is applied to the source signal line 14 and the like. Therefore, a potential difference occurs between the pixel electrode 11 and the source signal line 14 and the like. That is, the electric lines of force 52
Occurs. An electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer 24 in parallel with the substrate 22 is called a lateral electric field.

The liquid crystal molecules 51 are oriented along the lines of electric force 52 when the intensity of the lines of electric force 52 is greater than a predetermined value. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8B, the liquid crystal molecules 52 are oriented in the aa ′ direction. Note that the aa 'direction is the row direction (horizontal scanning line direction = gate signal line forming direction) in the liquid crystal display panel, and the bb' direction is the column direction (source signal line forming direction = vertical direction) in the liquid crystal display panel.

As shown in FIG. 6A, the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules having a positive dielectric constant in the major axis direction is _ne.
, And the refractive index of the short axis direction is n _o. Also, _ne > n
_{o There is} a relationship. The refractive index n _p of the polymer 32 is substantially equal to the refractive index n _o . Now, it is assumed that the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules 51 is oriented in the aa 'direction as shown in FIG. 6 (b).
Then, bb 'direction of the light component from the n _o ≒ n _p, the incident light substantially is transmitted through. Since aa 'direction is the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules is the refractive index of the polymer in n _e is n _p, a n _p ≠ n _e. Therefore, the incident light is scattered.

As described above, light in the bb 'direction is transmitted, and light in the aa' direction is scattered. That is, if horizontal electrolysis occurs and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned, 50% of light is theoretically transmitted. Actually, since the liquid crystal molecules 51 are not completely aligned in the horizontal electric field 52, they are considerably smaller. In any case, the light incident on the place where the horizontal electric field is generated is emitted with polarization dependency.

As described above, in the place where the horizontal electric field is generated, the polarized light in the bb 'direction is easily transmitted, and aa'
Polarized light in the direction is easily scattered. That is, (FIG. 6B)
In this state, if a polarizing plate having the polarization axis 73 in the aa 'direction is disposed on at least one of the incident side and the outgoing side of the PD liquid crystal display panel, it is possible to prevent light from leaking from the periphery of the pixel due to the lateral electric field. Therefore, display contrast can be improved. As described above, it is one technical idea of the display panel of the present invention to make the polarized light incident in the same direction as the direction in which the lateral electric field is generated.

When the polarizing plate 71 and the like are arranged on the PD liquid crystal display panel, the display luminance is reduced. However, in the TN liquid crystal display panel, in order to prevent light leakage due to the reverse tilt domain, the width of the BM 271 is increased and the pixel aperture ratio of the PD liquid crystal display panel can be higher than that of the case where the pixel aperture ratio is reduced. This is because light leakage in the PD liquid crystal display panel occurs only in the portion where the horizontal electric field is generated, whereas in the TN liquid crystal display panel, the reverse tilt domain occurs in the portion where the horizontal electric field is generated and further on the pixel center side, and the light leakage occurs. Is caused.

Further, the PD liquid crystal display panel does not require a rubbing process unlike the TN liquid crystal display panel, and thus has an advantage that the panel can be easily manufactured. No defect due to non-alignment as in a TN liquid crystal display panel does not occur. The present invention discloses a display panel in which a low dielectric film 185 or the like is formed on a source signal line to shield an electric field generated from the source signal line. This technical idea would not be feasible with a TN liquid crystal display panel. The reason for this is that the alignment process cannot be performed satisfactorily due to the steps of the low dielectric film 185 and the like.

As described in (Problem to be Solved), the TN liquid crystal display panel has a phenomenon that when a color filter is formed, the polarization state is lost due to the color filter. Originally, the PD liquid crystal display panel does not modulate the light with polarized light, so that the change in the polarization state due to the color filter does not matter.

The handling of P-polarized light and S-polarized light is also important. For light reflected by a dichroic mirror or the like, P-polarized light is narrower than S-polarized light (narrow band). When color display is performed using three liquid crystal display panels that modulate red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light, it is necessary that the bands of light incident on each liquid crystal display panel do not overlap. There is. Therefore, it is necessary to use a narrow band between the P-polarized light and the S-polarized light.
When a polarizing plate is used in the display panel of the present invention, the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate is set to narrow band polarized light (P-polarized light or S-polarized light).
To match.

There is a correlation between the wavelength of the incident light and the average particle diameter of the liquid droplet liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network. As the incident light has a longer wavelength, the average particle size needs to be increased. This is particularly important when a color filter is formed on the liquid crystal display panel. That is, it is necessary to set the average particle diameter to an optimum diameter for each pixel.

The TiO ₂ or SiO constituting the dielectric thin film 611 absorbs UV light. On the other hand, when the mixed solution is irradiated with UV light, if the energy per unit time is large, the average particle size of the droplet liquid crystal becomes small, and if the energy is small, the average particle size becomes large. In addition, when the average particle diameter is small, the driving voltage required to make the transmission state increases. Conversely, when the average particle diameter is large, the driving voltage becomes low. The same applies to the case where the average particle diameter of the liquid droplet liquid crystal is replaced with the average pore diameter of the polymer network. At the time of manufacturing, the voltage at which the liquid crystal layer is in a transmission state can be changed depending on the intensity of UV light to be irradiated.

When the light modulated by the liquid crystal display panel has a long wavelength (for example, red light), the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal droplet is preferably large in order to obtain good contrast. In the case where the light has a short wavelength (for example, blue light), the smaller the average particle diameter, the better to obtain good contrast. The dielectric thin film 611 absorbs UV light, and the absorption ratio can be changed depending on the film thickness. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 57 and the like, the liquid crystal display panel uses the opposite substrate 21 on which the dielectric thin films 611 having different film thicknesses are formed in accordance with the wavelength of the light modulated for each pixel, and the UV light has a constant intensity. By irradiation, a PD liquid crystal display panel having desired characteristics can be obtained for each pixel.

In the projection type display device of the present invention, since the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve, high brightness and high contrast display are realized. When the X-shaped dichroic prism 234 is used for color separation and synthesis,
As shown in FIG. 24, if the light absorbing film 241 is formed in the invalid area, the light scattered by the PD liquid crystal display panel is absorbed by the light absorbing film 241 so that the display contrast can be improved.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 25, a stop is arranged on the illumination light side 206 and the projection lens 251 side in the projection type display device of the present invention, and the two stops have a conjugate relationship. In addition, the apertures of the two apertures are made to have similar shapes according to the conjugate ratio. Thus, the aperture functions to make the irradiation angle of the illumination light coincide with the converging angle of the projection lens 251 over the entire area on the display area of the display panel 204.
That is, the effective F-number of the illumination light and the projection lens 251
Can be matched with the effective F number.

The stop 258 on the side of the projection lens 251 can provide a minimum necessary aperture for effective light emitted from the display panel 204. Therefore, P as a light valve
When a D liquid crystal display panel is used, a higher contrast is obtained by suppressing light loss. At the same time, the projection lens 258
As much as possible stray light generated due to unnecessary reflection in the interior can be blocked, and a display image with high contrast is obtained.

[0100]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (Example) Hereinafter, a display panel according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The plan view shown in FIG. 1 shows the counter substrate 2 of the display panel.
1 shows a plan view of the array substrate 22 when 1 is removed. In addition, each drawing shown below is drawn as a model diagram for easy understanding, and portions unnecessary for description are omitted. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ of FIG.

FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the display panel of the present invention. S ₁ to S _n is the source signal line 14, also, G ₁ ~G _m denotes a gate signal line 13. At the intersection of the source signal line 14 and the gate signal line 13, a TFT 12 as a switching element is formed.
One terminal is connected to the gate signal line 13, the other terminal is connected to the source signal line 14, and the other terminal is connected to the pixel electrode 11 which is a display pixel. Further, the terminal has a liquid crystal layer 2.
4 alone cannot accumulate the necessary charges during one field, so that the pixel electrode 11 and the gate signal line 13
An additional capacitance 44 is formed therebetween. Note that a region surrounded by a dotted line in FIG.

The gate drive circuit 41 outputs an ON voltage or an OFF voltage to the TFT 12 to the gate signal line 13 to control the ON / OFF state of the TFT 12. On the other hand, the source drive circuit 42 outputs the sampled video signal to the source signal line 14.

As shown in FIG. 1, a source signal line 14 and a gate signal line 13 are formed on a glass substrate 22. The TFT 12 is formed at the intersection of the source signal line 14 and the gate signal line 13.

On the opposite substrate 21, an opposite electrode 23 made of ITO is formed. No component having a light blocking function such as BM is formed on the counter electrode 23.
This is to prevent generation of an unpolymerized region of the resin component when manufacturing a PD liquid crystal display panel. In addition, when the opposing substrate 21 and the array substrate 22 are attached to each other, there is an effect that alignment is not required. Of course, if only the ITO film 23 is formed on the counter substrate 21, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

If a BM is formed on the counter electrode 23 side, when a mixture of an uncured UV-curable resin and liquid crystal is injected and subjected to phase separation by UV irradiation, the resin under the BM becomes uncured. Therefore, stability against a change with time is poor.

In the structure of the display panel of the present invention, since the light-shielding film 15 as the BM is formed on the pixel electrode 11, the cost can be reduced by the stability against the aging and the reduction of the equipment of the bonding apparatus. The light-shielding film 15 may be formed on the pixel electrode 11 or may be formed below the pixel electrode 11. Further, it may be formed in contact with the pixel electrode 11 via an insulating film. Further, it may be formed so as to overlap with the pixel electrode 11. The above is common to the display panel of the present invention.

The liquid crystal material used for the PD liquid crystal layer 24 of the present invention is preferably a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, or a cholesteric liquid crystal, and is a single or two or more liquid crystal compounds or a mixture containing a substance other than the liquid crystal compounds. There may be. Incidentally, nematic liquid crystals of a relatively large cyanobiphenyl or chloro system of the difference in the extraordinary refractive index n _e and ordinary index n _o of the liquid materials mentioned above are preferred. Among them, chloro-based liquid crystals are most preferable because of their good light resistance and the like.

As the polymer matrix material, a transparent polymer is preferable, and as the polymer, a thermoplastic resin,
Either a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin may be used, but it is preferable to use an ultraviolet-curable resin in view of easiness of the manufacturing process, separation from a liquid crystal phase, and the like. As a specific example, an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin is exemplified, and a resin containing an acrylic monomer or acrylic oligomer which is polymerized and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light is particularly preferable. Among them, a fluorine-based resin is preferable.

As such a polymer-forming monomer,
2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate, and the like.

Examples of the oligomer or prepolymer include polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate, and polyurethane acrylate.

Further, a polymerization initiator may be used in order to carry out the polymerization promptly. For example, 2-hydroxy-2-
Methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one (“Darocur 1173” manufactured by Merck), 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane-1-
ON ("Darocure 1116" manufactured by Merck Ltd.), 1-bidroxycyclohexylphenylketone ("Irgacure 184" manufactured by Ciba-Gaiky), benzyl methyl ketal ("Irgacure 651" manufactured by Ciba-Geigy) and the like are listed. In addition, a chain transfer agent, a photosensitizer, a dye, a cross-linking agent and the like can be appropriately used as optional components.

A liquid or viscous material obtained by uniformly dissolving a liquid crystal material in the ultraviolet curable compound is injected between two substrates, and then irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure only the ultraviolet curable compound. When only liquid crystal material is phase separated, PD
A liquid crystal layer 24 is formed.

Although the ratio of the liquid crystal material in the PD liquid crystal layer 24 is not specified here, it is generally preferably about 20 to 90% by weight, and more preferably about 50 to 80% by weight. If it is less than 20% by weight, the amount of liquid crystal droplets is small, and the effect of changing the refractive index is poor. On the other hand, when the content is 90% by weight or more, the polymer 32 and the liquid crystal 31 tend to be phase-separated into upper and lower layers, the ratio of the interface becomes smaller, and the scattering performance of the liquid crystal layer decreases. The structure of the PD liquid crystal layer 24 varies depending on the liquid crystal ratio. When the liquid crystal ratio is about 50% by weight or less, the liquid crystal droplets exist as independent droplets, that is, water-drop-shaped liquid crystals 31.
As a result, a continuous phase is formed in which the polymer 32 and the liquid crystal 31 are intricate.

As an example, a mixed solution consisting of the materials and the weight ratios shown in (Table 1) is used. The mixed solution is injected between the counter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22 by pressure injection.
Thereafter, the panel is heated to a temperature of 50 ° C., and in that state,
Ultraviolet light (irradiation intensity on the substrate surface: 30 mW / cm ² ) is applied to the mixed solution from the counter substrate 21 side using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp as a light source.
For 150 seconds to complete the PD liquid crystal display panel.

[0115]

[Table 1]

The material for forming the light shielding film 15 is chromium (C
r), whose film thickness is 500 in consideration of the light shielding effect.
Angstrom or higher. The width of the light-shielding film 15 must be determined in consideration of the voltage applied to the signal line 14 and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 24. When the distance between the counter electrode 23 and the signal line is short, the number of lines of electric force generated between the signal line 14 and the like and the pixel electrode 11 becomes relatively small. Further, even if the distance between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line 14 is large, the number of lines of electric force is relatively small. If the signal amplitude applied to the source signal line 14 is small, the width of the light shielding film 15 can be reduced.

The light-shielding film 15 is not limited to a metal thin film. The light shielding film 15 may be replaced with a light absorbing film. The light-absorbing material forming the light-absorbing film has a high electric insulating property and the liquid crystal layer 2
Any material that does not adversely affect No. 4 may be used. For example, a black pigment or pigment dispersed in a resin may be used, or gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acidic dye like a color filter. As an example of the black dye, a single fluoran dye which becomes black can be used by coloring, or a color scheme black obtained by mixing a green dye and a red dye can be used.

Although the above materials are all black materials,
The case where the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection display device is not limited to this. The projection display device uses three display panels. Each display panel receives and modulates one of the three colors of light of R, G, and B. The light absorbing film of the display panel that modulates the R light may absorb the R light. In other words, a light-absorbing material for a color filter, for example, may be modified so as to be capable of absorbing a specific wavelength and used so as to obtain desired light-absorbing characteristics. Basically, similarly to the above-described black absorbing material, a material obtained by dyeing a natural resin with a dye or dispersing a dye in a synthetic resin can be used. The range of choice of the dye is broader than the black dye, and is an appropriate one of azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, or two or more of them.
A combination of more than types may be used.

There are many materials for the black dye which have an adverse effect on the liquid crystal layer 24. Therefore, use is not preferable. Therefore, it is preferable to adopt a dye capable of absorbing a specific wavelength as the dye contained in the light absorbing thin film as described above.

It is easy to adopt a projection type display apparatus using three display panels for R light, B light and G light as light valves. In other words, a dye having a complementary color to the color of the light to be modulated may be contained in the light absorbing film.
The complementary color relationship is, for example, yellow for B light. The light absorbing film colored yellow absorbs the B light. Therefore, the display panel for modulating the B light may be formed with a yellow light absorbing film.

The effect of the formation of the light absorbing film is roughly classified into two. The effect will be described with reference to FIG.

The first effect is improvement in display contrast. The incident light A is scattered by the liquid crystal 31 and enters the pixel electrode 11. If the light absorbing film 15 is formed, the light is absorbed. If the light absorbing film 15 is not provided, the light enters the array substrate 22 and is emitted as shown by the dotted line, so that a black float occurs and the display contrast is reduced.

As a second effect, there is prevention of light from sneaking into adjacent pixels. The incident light B is reflected by the water-droplet liquid crystal 31, repeats the reflection between the counter electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 11, and enters the adjacent pixel (indicated by a dotted line). If the light absorbing film 15 is formed, the light is not absorbed by the light absorbing film and enters the adjacent pixels. Therefore, blurring of pixels is reduced. The structure in which the light absorbing film is formed in this manner is called a light absorbing film structure.

The array substrate 22 and the opposing substrate 21 are held at a predetermined interval, and the peripheral portions of both substrates are sealed with a sealing resin (not shown). The holding at a predetermined interval is performed using minute beads. Beads having a predetermined diameter according to the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 24 are used.

Preferably, black beads are used. The transparent beads transmit light. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 2
In the case where the transparent beads are used for No. 4, light leakage occurs at the positions of the transparent beads even when the liquid crystal layer 24 is in a cloudy state. Light leakage reduces display contrast. The black beads absorb light (incident light) modulated by the liquid crystal layer 24. Therefore, no light leakage occurs, and the display contrast is favorably maintained.

The beads are not limited to black. For example, it may be colored. It is sufficient that the coloration has a complementary color relationship with the color of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 24.
For example, when the incident light is blue, it is yellow. Note that such a configuration using black or complementary colored beads is called a complementary colored bead structure.

These items are preferable and should be applied to a projection display device using a display panel as a light valve. The projection display device has three display panels for modulating blue, green and red. Each display panel modulates one of blue, green or red. Therefore, if the beads used for each display panel have a complementary color relationship to the incident light, no light is transmitted through the beads.

The above-mentioned matter of coloring beads is also applied to the display panel in another embodiment of the present invention. Further, the present invention is also applied to a projection display device described later. This is because technical ideas are common.

The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 24 is preferably in the range of 5 to 25 μm, more preferably 8 to 20 μm. When the film thickness is small, the scattering characteristics are poor and contrast cannot be obtained. Conversely, if the thickness is large, high-voltage driving must be performed, and it becomes difficult to design the drive circuits 41 and 42.

It is preferable to form a light-shielding film on the TFT 12. S _i O ₂ on TFT12 the light shielding film,
The insulating film is formed by S _i N _x and the like, configured to form a metal thin film such as chromium (Cr), or components, etc., that form an organic thin film which is dispersed and carbon in the acrylic resin is exemplified thereon . The display panel of the present invention employs the latter configuration of forming an organic thin film. In addition, the same material as the light absorption film 15 described above may be used. Note that such a structure in which a light-shielding film is formed on a TFT is referred to as a TFT light-shielding structure.

Hereinafter, the effect of the light-shielding film 15 of the display panel of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 9. As shown in FIG. 5, when there is a potential difference between the pixel electrode 11 and the source signal line 14 or the like, a line of electric force 52 (lateral electric field) is generated, and the liquid crystal molecules 51 are aligned along the electric field. Since the liquid crystal molecules 51 are oriented in one direction, light leakage occurs around the pixel electrode 11, and polarization dependence occurs between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line 14.

In FIG. 9, for the sake of simplicity, the description will be made assuming that polarized light in the direction aa ′ in FIG. 5 is incident. In addition, in order to facilitate the description, the potential of the counter electrode is set to 0 (V) (represented as G in the drawing),
The potential of the positive polarity with respect to the potential of the counter electrode is defined as a positive voltage (represented as + in the drawing), and the potential of the negative polarity with respect to the potential of the counter electrode is defined as the negative voltage (represented as-).

In FIG. 9, (a), (b), and (c) show the state of lines of electric force generated in the liquid crystal layer 24, and (d) and (e).
In (f), the horizontal axis represents the position x of the array substrate 22, and the vertical axis represents the transmittance T. That is, the distribution of transmitted light is conceptually shown.

(A), (b), and (c) of FIG. 9 show a state where a positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 11 and a negative voltage is applied to the source signal line. The lines of electric force are between the opposing electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 11 (lines of electric force 52 a) and the pixel electrode 11.
And between the source signal lines 14 (the electric force lines 52b).
The electric field generated between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line is called a horizontal electric field. The liquid crystal molecules 51 are oriented along the lines of electric force 52 when the intensity of the lines of electric force (electric field intensity) is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (the rising voltage of the liquid crystal). Electric field lines 52
When the direction is vertical to the counter electrode 23, if the alignment is the liquid crystal molecules along the electric force lines, apparent refractive index of the liquid crystal layer becomes the ordinary refractive index n _o. refractive index n _p of n _o and the polymer 32
_Has a relationship of n _{o 、} n _p, so that the liquid crystal layer 24 is in a transparent state. On the other hand, when the direction of the electric field lines 52 are parallel to the counter electrode 23, if the alignment liquid crystal molecules along the electric force lines 52, the refractive indices n _x the apparent liquid crystal layer (n _o + n _e) / 2
Next, since it is n _x ≠ n _p, the liquid crystal layer 24 becomes a scattering state.

The liquid crystal layer between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line 14 is scattered by the horizontal electric field 52. The direction of the electric lines of force 52 at the periphery of the pixel electrode 11 is oblique with respect to the counter electrode 23, so that the pixel electrode 11 is in a semi-transmissive state. From this, the distribution of the transmitted light T is shown in FIG. 9 (d).

(FIG. 9B) shows that the potential of the pixel electrode 11 is G
This is the case of the potential. In this case, only the line of electric force 52 b is generated between the signal line 14 and the pixel electrode 11. Such a potential state occurs in the pixels in the display area above and below the white display section in FIG. 42 (a). Since the upper and lower display area pixels perform black display, there is no potential difference between the counter electrode 23 and the pixel electrode 11. However, since a signal to be applied to the pixels in the white display portion is applied to the source signal line 14, the electric field lines 52b are generated by the lateral electric field. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 2 around the pixel
4 is in a semi-transmissive state, and light leakage occurs. In the display panel of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
Are formed around the pixel electrode, so that good black display can be realized without light leakage.

According to the experiment, light leakage around the pixel electrode is large, but light leakage between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line 14 is relatively small. Therefore, in many cases, only the type of the light shielding film 15 is practically sufficient without disposing a polarizing plate on the PD liquid crystal display panel. Instead, high brightness display is often required.

When a polarizing plate is used, the polarization axis of the polarizing plate is made to coincide with the direction in which a horizontal electric field is generated. For example, when a horizontal electric field is generated between the source signal line 14 and the pixel electrode 11, the polarizing plate 71 and the display panel 72 are arranged as shown in FIG. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the solid arrows indicate the direction in which the lateral electric field is generated on the display panel, and the dotted arrows indicate the polarization axis (polarization direction) of the polarizing plate. The polarizing plate may be arranged on both the light incident side and the light emitting side of the PD liquid crystal display panel as shown in FIG. 7 (a), or only one of the polarizing plates may be arranged as shown in FIG. 7 (b) (c). May be. Although it is needless to say that the contrast display is good (FIG. 7A), the display luminance is reduced by the transmittance of the polarizing plate. Which of the methods shown in FIG. 7 is adopted may be determined in consideration of the light utilization rate, the cost, and the display contrast. Note that a configuration using such a polarizing plate 71 is referred to as a polarizing plate structure.

In the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the gate signal line 13 is shielded by the pixel electrode 11 because of the pre-stage gate system, so that a horizontal electric field hardly occurs between the pixel electrode 11 and the gate signal line 13. However, electromagnetic coupling may occur between the adjacent pixel electrodes 11a and 11c. In order to prevent this, in the display panel of FIG. 1, the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 11 is applied to each pixel column with a signal of the same polarity as shown in FIG. 17.

In FIG. 17, the polarity of the pixel electrode 11 is set to + and + with respect to the counter voltage without considering the magnitude of the write voltage.
The negative polarity is expressed as-. Unless it is actually a raster display, the voltages applied to each pixel cannot be the same. However, since signals of substantially the same level are applied between adjacent pixels, it can be considered that a signal (voltage) of the same level is written to a certain arbitrary pixel in the vicinity of a certain arbitrary pixel. Often it is not possible. That is, if the polarity of the voltage applied to each pixel is the same between adjacent pixels, no horizontal electric field is generated between the pixel electrodes. Conversely, if the polarities are different even if the absolute values of the voltages are equal between the pixel electrodes, a horizontal electric field is generated.

FIG. 17A shows the polarity of the signal applied to the pixel electrode in a certain field.
(B) shows the polarity of the signal applied to the pixel electrode in the next field. In other words, focusing on one pixel, signals having different polarities are applied to the pixel electrode for each field. The method of driving the liquid crystal display panel so that the polarity differs for each column as described above is referred to as 1 V inversion driving. Conversely, a method of driving the liquid crystal display panel such that the polarity differs for each row as shown in FIG. 16 is called 1H inversion driving.

When driving is performed as described above, the generation direction of the lateral electric field is mainly in the aa ′ direction. Therefore, the polarizing plate 71
If the polarization axis 73 is set in the aa ′ direction, light leakage can be effectively prevented, and a high-contrast display can be performed.

Here, the driving circuit of the display panel of the present invention will be briefly described. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the drive circuit. In FIG. 14, reference numeral 141 denotes an amplifier for adjusting the gain of an input video signal so as to match the electro-optical characteristics of the display panel. Amplifier 14
1 amplifies the video signal so that the pedestal level and the signal amplitude of the video signal become predetermined values. Next, the gain-adjusted video signal is input to the phase division circuit 142. The phase division circuit 142 outputs two video signals of a positive polarity and a negative polarity of the input video signal.

The two positive and negative video signals output from the phase division circuit 142 are input to the output switching circuit 143. The output switching circuit 143 performs one horizontal scanning period (1
H) or outputting a video signal so as to change the polarity of the signal applied to the pixel every one vertical scanning period (1 V);
This video signal is output to the source drive circuit 42.
The source drive circuit 42 performs a level shift of a video signal in accordance with a control signal from the drive control circuit 144, and applies the same to the display panel 72 in synchronization with the gate drive circuit 41.

If the output switching circuit 143 switches the polarity of the output signal every 1H, as shown in FIG.
Inversion driving can be realized. Also, if the polarity of the output signal is switched every 1 V, and signals having different polarities are applied to adjacent source signal lines, the 1 V inversion drive shown in FIG. 17 can be realized.

In 1H inversion driving, a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode as shown in FIG. In this case, a horizontal electric field is easily generated in the bb 'direction. It will not be necessary to explain that the polarizing plate 71 should be arranged as shown in FIG. 8 to prevent light leakage due to the lateral electric field. As described above, the technical idea of arranging the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 in consideration of the direction in which the horizontal electric field is generated is an important point in the polarizing plate structure.

Although the light-shielding film 15 (which may be a light-absorbing film) is formed on the pixel electrode 11, it may be formed on the counter electrode 23 as shown in FIG.
21). In manufacturing, when liquid crystal and resin component are phase separated,
The light-shielding film 121 generates an unpolymerized resin component, which can be solved by the following method. First, after an unpolymerized resin and liquid crystal are injected between the pixel electrode 11 and the counter electrode 23, ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the A direction. Since the resin in the lower layer of the light-shielding film 121 remains unpolymerized, the remaining unpolymerized resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays in the direction B. Light shielding film 1
The resin on the source 21 is cured from the B direction, and the resin on the source signal line 14 is cured from the A direction. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 24 can completely separate the liquid crystal from the resin component.

In order to ensure sufficient bonding accuracy between the opposing substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, as shown in FIG. 33, in addition to FIG.
Is formed. With this configuration, even if the bonding is slightly displaced, light leakage from the peripheral portion of the pixel does not occur. That is, the light-shielding film 15 and the BM 121 may be overlapped with each other by an amount corresponding to a bonding displacement when viewed from the direction A.

As shown in FIG. 39, if the configuration of the BM 271 of the TN liquid crystal panel is applied to the PD liquid crystal panel,
The resin on the source signal line 14 remains uncured. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 12 or FIG. 33, since the light-shielding film is removed on the source signal line 14, no uncured resin is generated. The light-shielding films 15 and 121 may be replaced with a light-absorbing film structure as described above.

Further, as shown in FIG. 13, a light-shielding film may be formed between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line 14, and further on the signal line 14 (light-shielding film 131). In this case, the light shielding film 131 must be formed of an insulating material. As the insulating material, the color scheme black exemplified above in the light absorbing film structure,
It is not necessary to explain that an acrylic resin containing carbon or the like can be used.

As a configuration for preventing light leakage due to the lateral electric field, there is a configuration in which the signal line 14 and the like are surrounded by a low dielectric constant material. This configuration is shown in FIG.

The signal line 14 is surrounded by the low dielectric film 185. The low dielectric means a material having a relative dielectric constant lower than that of the liquid crystal layer 24. The relative permittivity of the polymer 32 forming the liquid crystal layer 24 is around 5, and the relative permittivity of the liquid crystal is 1
5 to 30. Since the liquid crystal layer 24 is a mixture of the polymer 32 and the liquid crystal, its relative dielectric constant is 5 to 30.

As the material for the low dielectric film 185, the same material as the polymer 32, inorganic materials such as SiO ₂ and SiNx,
Alternatively, a resist material used in a semiconductor process is exemplified. Since the relatively low dielectric film 185 needs to be formed relatively thick, it is preferable to use an organic material such as the polymer 32 or a resist. Such a configuration is called a low dielectric film structure.

The low dielectric film is formed at a place where a horizontal electric field is generated. Thickness is better. Since the PD liquid crystal display panel does not require an alignment treatment such as rubbing, the low dielectric film 185 is required.
Therefore, there is no problem even if irregularities occur on the array substrate 22 or the like.
This is a great advantage of the PD liquid crystal display panel, which is different from the TN liquid crystal display panel. The present invention takes advantage of this difference in configuration.

Since the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 has a pre-stage gate configuration, a horizontal electric field is unlikely to be generated between the gate signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 11. Therefore,
By forming the low dielectric film 185 on the source signal line 14 and its vicinity, a horizontal electric field generated in the liquid crystal layer 24 can be substantially prevented. Therefore, in a case other than the former gate configuration, the low dielectric film 185 should be formed on the gate signal line 13 and in the vicinity thereof.

In a material having a low dielectric constant, lines of electric force hardly pass. That is, the voltage drop is large. Low dielectric film 185
The lines of electric force hardly occur inside, and the lines of electric force pass through the liquid crystal 24. The transverse electric field is weakened, and no light leakage occurs.

As the thickness of the low dielectric film 185 is larger, the effect of preventing a lateral electric field and preventing light leakage is greater. Therefore, the low dielectric film 185 may have a structure that completely fills the space between the counter electrode 23 and the signal line 14 (see FIG. 56).
In addition, it is possible to prevent light leakage by covering the outer peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 11 largely.

As shown in FIG. 56, the lines of electric force 563 are not generated at all because they are shielded by the low dielectric pillars.
Therefore, light leakage due to the lateral electric field is eliminated. The lines of electric force are generated directly on the pixel electrode 11 and the counter electrode 23 (lines of electric force 564). Further, the low dielectric columns 562 also have a function of defining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 24. That is, it serves as a bead for defining the liquid crystal film thickness. Therefore, there is no need to spray beads. Therefore, there is no light leakage around the beads and the display contrast is good.

The low dielectric film 185 may be colored as the light shielding pillar 571 as shown in FIG. The light shielding column is formed along the source signal line 14 and its vicinity. Also,
The light-shielding pillar 571 plays a role of a bead (not shown) for keeping the liquid crystal layer 24 at a predetermined film thickness similarly to the low dielectric pillar. That is, the height of the light shielding column 571 defines the liquid crystal film thickness 24. Since it is formed only along the source signal line 14, there is no obstacle to the injection of the mixed solution at the time of manufacturing the PD liquid crystal display panel. Note that such a configuration is called a light-shielding column structure. Needless to say, in the configuration of FIG. 57, it is not necessary to scatter beads on the pixel electrode 11, and thus there is an effect that there is no light leakage due to the beads. Another advantage is that alignment is not required when the opposing substrate 21 and the array substrate 22 are attached to each other.

A configuration in which the BM is formed on the low dielectric pillar 562 as shown in FIG. 56 is also conceivable. In this case, the BM is formed on the low dielectric pillar 562. With this configuration, in addition to the above-mentioned effect (FIG. 57), only the ITO as the counter electrode 23 may be formed on the counter substrate 21. Therefore, cost reduction can be expected. Also, B
With M, light leakage between the signal line 14 and the pixel electrode 11 can be prevented. The BM may use a mask formed when patterning the low dielectric pillar as it is.

The image quality can be improved by coloring the low dielectric film 185 or the light-shielding pillars 571 and absorbing light diffusely reflected in the liquid crystal layer 24. As described in the light-absorbing film structure, for example, a black pigment or pigment dispersed in a resin may be used, or, like a color filter, gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acid dye. Good. As an example of the black dye, a single fluoran dye which becomes black can be used by coloring, or a color scheme black obtained by mixing a green dye and a red dye can be used.

The above materials are all black materials,
The case where the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection display device is not limited to this. The low dielectric film 185 or the light shielding column 571 of the display panel that modulates the R light absorbs the R light. Just do it. Therefore, a natural resin can be dyed using a dye, or a material in which the dye is dispersed in a synthetic resin can be used. For example,
Azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes,
One suitable type of triphenylmethane dye or the like, or a combination of two or more types thereof may be used.

When the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection display device, the following problems may occur. It is a ghost or a decrease in display contrast due to reflection on the metal thin film on the back surface of the panel.

As shown in FIG. 54, the incident light 551 is scattered by the liquid crystal 31 in the liquid crystal layer 24. The scattered light 552 becomes transmitted light 554a, and a part thereof is reflected light 5
53a. The reflected light 553a is supplied to the source signal line 14
The light is reflected by a metal thin film such as the above, becomes reflected light 553b, and further becomes transmitted light 554b. The transmitted light 554b becomes a ghost when projected on the screen. Further, the light is irregularly reflected by a projection lens or the like, and lowers the display contrast.

In the PD liquid crystal display panel, incident light is applied to the liquid crystal layer 2.
4 becomes scattered light. Therefore, much light enters the interface 555 at a critical angle or more. Light above the critical angle is totally reflected. Therefore, the proportion of light reflected at the interface and incident on the source signal line 14 or the gate signal line 13 is larger than that of a TN liquid crystal display panel or the like. Therefore, it is important to eliminate the cause of the ghost.

As a first measure against the ghost, in the liquid crystal display panel of the present invention, the interface 55 between the panel and air is used.
5, an anti-reflection film is formed. The antireflection film is formed by laminating three or two thin films. In the case of three layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a wide wavelength band of visible light, and this is called a multi-coat. In the case of two layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a specific visible light wavelength band, and this is called a V coat.

Aluminum oxide for multi-coating
(Al_TwoO_Three) Has an optical thickness of nd = λ / 4, zirconium
(ZrO_Two) Is nd = λ / 2, magnesium fluoride
(MgF_Two) Is formed by stacking nd = λ / 4. Normal,
In the case of G light, λ is 520 nm or a value in the vicinity thereof.
As a result, a thin film is formed. For V coat, silicon monoxide
Con (SiO) with optical thickness nd = λ / 4 and fluorinated mag
Nesium (MgF_Two) Is nd = λ / 4, or
Thorium (Y_TwoO_Three) And magnesium fluoride (Mg)
F _Two) Is formed by stacking nd = λ / 4. SiO is blue
Y to modulate blue light because there is an absorption band on the side_TwoO_Three
It is better to use Y from the stability of the substance_TwoO_ThreeIs cheaper
It is preferable because it is specified. Note that λ here is modulation
This is the peak wavelength of the emitted light, that is, the center wavelength. n is the thin film
The refractive index, d, is the physical film thickness.

However, a multi-coat or V-coat antireflection film is not sufficient. Because interface 55
This is because it is impossible to prevent the light incident on the surface 5 at a critical angle or more from being reflected at the interface 555. Therefore, it is preferable to adopt the configuration of FIG. 47 or FIG. 49 as a second measure.

The structure shown in FIG. 47 is a structure in which unevenness is formed on a metal thin film (the source signal line 14 and the like). Such a configuration is called a convex structure. (FIG. 47) is E in FIG.
It is sectional drawing in the E 'line. At the position where the metal thin film is formed on the array substrate 22, first, the convex portion 471 is formed. Examples of the material for forming the protrusion 471 include inorganic materials such as SiO ₂ and SiNx. A metal thin film such as the source signal line 14 is formed so as to be positioned on the protrusion 471. Note that the convex portions 471 may be formed periodically to have a diffraction effect.

The traveling direction of the light 553 a reflected at the interface 555 and returned to the source signal line 14 is changed by the convex portion 471. Therefore, no transmitted light 554b is generated and no ghost or the like is generated.

As shown in FIG. 49, a configuration in which a light-shielding film 492 is formed on the array substrate 22 and the source signal lines 14 and the like are formed on the light-shielding film 492 is also conceivable. Such a configuration is referred to as a lower light-shielding film structure. Needless to say, the light-shielding film 492 preferably has a light-absorbing film structure.

As a constituent material of the light-shielding film 492, a material for forming the light-shielding film 15 in FIG. 1 or the light-shielding column 571 in FIG.
An insulating film 491 is formed on the light-shielding film 492, and the peripheral portions of the source signal line 14 and the pixel electrode 11 are overlapped on the insulating film 491. The light-shielding film 4 under the pixel electrode 11
Reference numeral 92 corresponds to the light shielding film 15 of FIG.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 49, since the light-shielding film 492 is also formed below the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line 14, no light leaks from between the pixel electrode 11 and the signal line 14. . In addition, since the reflected light 553a can be absorbed by the light shielding film 492, no ghost or the like occurs.

For light of a specific wavelength, there are an average particle diameter of a droplet-shaped liquid crystal and an average pore diameter of a polymer network at which the scattering characteristic of the PD liquid crystal is optimized. In general, the longer the wavelength of light (red light), the larger the average particle diameter and the like of the liquid crystal droplets. Conversely, as the wavelength of the light is shorter (blue light), the scattering characteristics are improved by reducing the average particle diameter and the like of the liquid droplets. Therefore, it is preferable that the average particle diameter and the like of the display panel that modulates red light be larger than the average particle diameter and the like of the display panel that modulates blue light. The average particle diameter can be changed by changing the intensity of the ultraviolet light when irradiating the mixed solution with the ultraviolet light. When strong ultraviolet rays are irradiated in a short time, the average particle diameter and the like of the water-drop liquid crystal become small. Conversely, when the particles are irradiated with weak ultraviolet rays for a long time, the average particle size of the liquid droplets becomes large.

In the projection display apparatus of the present invention, three display panels of the present invention for modulating red, blue and green light are mainly used as light valves. As described above, when the resin component of the mixed solution is polymerized, the display panel changes the irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet light so that the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter is optimal for each wavelength of the light to be modulated.

The problem is that one display panel is red,
This is a case where three colors of blue and green are modulated. Specifically, this is a case where a mosaic color filter corresponding to the pixel is provided. Good display contrast cannot be expected unless the average particle diameter and the like are optimum for each pixel electrode. Therefore, it is difficult to uniformly irradiate ultraviolet rays to polymerize the resin component of the mixed solution.

The structure that solves the above problem is the structure of the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. A color filter 612 is arranged on the pixel electrode 11. For ease of explanation, in the transmissive display panel, the color filter 612a is described as red, 612b as green, and 612c as blue.

On the opposite substrate 23, a dielectric thin film 611 is formed by patterning. The formation of the thin film 611 substantially matches the shape of the pixel electrode 11.

As the material of the dielectric thin film 611, TiO
_TwoAlternatively, SiO is exemplified. TiO_TwoThe refractive index n of
2.3, the refractive index n of SiO is 1.7. Both materials are purple
It absorbs light of the wavelength in the outside line region and transmits visible light. However
The absorption wavelength band and the absorptance vary depending on the deposition conditions.
It is necessary to repeat the experiment and make settings.
You. As an example, experiments have shown that TiO_TwoIn the case of the membrane
Is 0.075 μm, the light absorptance is 350
40% for light having a wavelength of nm, 37% for light having a wavelength of 360 nm.
% At 370 nm, 16% at 380 nm
And hardly any visible light was absorbed. SiO is somewhat
Since it absorbs visible light, TiO _TwoIs better
Good.

The dielectric thin film 6 on the red filter 612a
11a is the thickest, the dielectric thin film 611b on the green filter 612b is thinner, and the blue filter 612 is thinner.
No dielectric thin film is formed on c. Therefore, when the mixed solution is polymerized, if ultraviolet rays are irradiated from the direction A, the intensity of the ultraviolet rays incident on the liquid crystal layer 24c is the strongest, then the liquid crystal layer 24b, and the liquid crystal layer 24a is the weakest. The weaker the ultraviolet light, the larger the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal 31 becomes.
This is the same as increasing the average pore size of the polymer network.

Due to the difference in the absorptivity of the ultraviolet light of the dielectric thin film 611, the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal 31 in the liquid crystal layer 24 is as follows: liquid crystal layer 24a> liquid crystal layer 24b> liquid crystal layer 24c. The wavelength of the light that is optimally scattered and modulated with respect to the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal layer is substantially proportional to the wavelength. (FIG. 58)
By setting the average particle diameter to the optimum for the light of the color filter as described above, good display contrast can be obtained.

The average pore diameter of the polymer network or the average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal is 1.5 to 2.0 μm when the light to be modulated is red light, and 1.3 to 2.0 μm when the light to be modulated is green light.
When the thickness is 1.7 μm, and in the case of blue light, 1.0 to 1.5 μm, the display contrast is good. The average particle diameter is controlled by the thickness of the dielectric thin film 611.
Further, the film thickness is determined after sufficient experiments. Note that a configuration in which the average particle diameter of the water-droplet liquid crystal is changed for each pixel by the dielectric thin film 611 or the like as described above is referred to as a particle diameter changing structure.

In FIG. 58, the low dielectric film 185 is formed on the source signal line 14 and the like. However, as shown in FIG. 61, the low dielectric film 185 may be formed. Needless to say, the light shielding column 571 may be used. In addition, a light absorbing film structure, an auxiliary bead structure, a TFT light shielding structure, a polarizing plate structure using a polarizing plate 71, a convex structure, and a lower light shielding film structure as shown in FIG. Needless to say, the effect can be enjoyed.

In FIG. 58, a low dielectric film 185 is formed to prevent a lateral electric field.
As shown in FIG. 59, the source signal line 14 and the like may be covered with the color filter 612 to perform electromagnetic shielding.
When forming the color filters 612, the source signal lines 14
Etc. are simultaneously coated, so that it is easy to manufacture. The color filter is a resin material and has a relatively low relative dielectric constant, and can have the same effect as the low dielectric film 185.

When irradiating the mixed solution with ultraviolet rays, if extremely intense light is radiated, the average particle size of the liquid crystal droplets becomes very small. If the voltage is extremely small, it will not be in a transmission state even when a voltage is applied. For example, the average particle size is 0.8 μm
In the following cases, the voltage at which the light enters the transmission state approaches 10 (V).

The liquid crystal layer on the pixel electrode 11 is normally set to a transparent state at a voltage of 6 (V) or less. 10 (V)
If the specification is such that the transmission state occurs at 6 (V), the state is the scattering state. In the scattering state, the display is black. Therefore, an effect similar to the presence of the BM is obtained.

The structure shown in FIG. 60 employs a structure in which the liquid crystal layer 24 of the source signal line 14 and the like is always in a scattering state as described above, and the pseudo BM is employed. The dielectric thin film 611 is not formed on the counter electrode 23 facing the source signal line 14, but is formed on the counter electrode 23 facing the pixel electrode 612. The dielectric thin film 611a corresponding to the red color filter 612a is the thickest,
Dielectric thin film 6 facing green color filter 612b
11b is the next thinnest, and the dielectric thin film 611c corresponding to the blue color filter 612c is the thinnest. Therefore, when irradiating the ultraviolet rays, the energy of the ultraviolet rays incident on the liquid crystal layer 24 is: liquid crystal layer 24a <liquid crystal layer 24b <liquid crystal layer 24c <liquid crystal layer 2
4d. Due to this difference in the energy of the ultraviolet light, the size of the liquid crystal layer such as the water-drop liquid crystal and the like is as follows: liquid crystal layer 24a> liquid crystal layer 24b> liquid crystal layer 24c> liquid crystal layer
4d. At this time, the liquid crystal layers 24a, 24b and 24c are made to be transparent at a voltage of 6 (V), and the liquid crystal layer 24d is
Unless the voltage is close to 0 (V), a transparent state is prevented.
Such a configuration in which the liquid crystal layer 24d other than the pixel electrode does not respond to the voltage is called a pseudo BM structure.

As described above (FIG. 60), if the average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal on the source signal line or the like is made very small, the liquid crystal will not respond to voltage application. The same effect as when the low dielectric pillar 562 is formed on the source signal line or the like can be obtained. In other words, if the average particle size is very small, no response is made to the lateral electric field. Therefore, light leakage from the periphery of the pixel or the like is eliminated. In addition, since it is always in a scattering state,
The same effect as when the BM is formed can be obtained.

In the structure shown in FIGS. 58 to 61, the color filter 612 is formed on the pixel electrode 11 and the dielectric thin film 611 is formed on the counter electrode 23. Needless to say, a configuration may be adopted in which a dielectric thin film 611 is formed on or below the pixel electrode 11 and a color filter 612 is formed on or below the counter electrode 23. In that case, when polymerizing the resin component of the mixed solution, ultraviolet rays may be irradiated from the direction B in FIG. 58.

A problem arises when arranging red, blue and green mosaic color filters on a TN liquid crystal display panel.
This is because the color filter is formed of a resin, so that a phase difference is generated and the polarization state is broken. That is, the linearly polarized light that has passed through the polarizer is partially elliptically polarized by the color filter. This causes a reduction in display contrast. In the case of a direct-view panel, this effect is small, but when used as a light valve of a projection display device, the effect on display contrast is large.

In the display panel of the present invention shown in FIGS. 58 to 61, a PD liquid crystal is used as a light modulation layer.
Since the PD liquid crystal does not modulate linearly polarized light, it is not affected that the liquid crystal becomes elliptically polarized light by the color filter.
Therefore, good image display can be realized even when used as a light valve.

Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the display panel of the present invention will be described. The description focuses on matters that are different from the first embodiment. Therefore, the auxiliary bead structure, the TFT light shielding, the low dielectric film structure, the convex structure, the light shielding film structure, the lower light shielding film structure, the lower light shielding film structure (FIGS. 5), (FIG. 7) and (FIG. 8) described in the first embodiment. The structure using the polarizing plate 71 shown, the particle diameter changing structure, the pseudo BM structure, the low dielectric pillar structure (FIG. 56), the light shielding pillar structure (FIG. 57), and the like can be adopted in the second embodiment.

(FIG. 10) is a plan view of the display panel of the present invention, and (FIG. 11 (a)) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of (FIG. 10).
A cross-sectional view taken along a line, (FIG. 11B) is D- in FIG.
It is sectional drawing in the D 'line.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, an additional capacitance (capacitor) 44 is formed between the pixel electrode 11 and the gate signal line 13. The additional capacitor 44 forms an insulating film 25 on the gate signal line 13, and the pixel electrode 1 on the insulating film 25.
It is produced by stacking 1. The gate signal line 13 branches along the source signal line 14. The pixel electrode 11 is preferably formed so as to shield the gate signal line 13 as much as possible.

The position where the additional capacitor 44 is formed is around the gate signal line and the pixel electrode 11, and is formed around the same position as the light shielding film 15 in FIG. Since the gate signal line 13 is usually formed of a metal thin film, the branched gate signal line has a function as the light shielding film 15.

The display panel of the second embodiment is of a front gate type. In the former gate method, the width of the gate signal line 13 is formed large, and the gate signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 11 are overlapped to obtain a predetermined capacitance. However, if the width of the gate signal line 13 is increased, the pixel aperture ratio decreases. In the present invention, the charge can be accumulated between the branched gate signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 11, so that the gate signal line width can be made narrower than in the case where there is no branch for the charge.
Further, the function of the light shielding film 15 is provided in the branched gate signal line portion. Therefore, the aperture ratio of the display panel of the present invention can be made equal to that of the conventional front gate type display panel.

Light leakage from the periphery of the pixel due to the lateral electric field between the source signal line 14 and the pixel electrode 11 can be prevented by the branched gate signal line 13. That is, in FIG. 1, the light shielding film 15 may be replaced with the gate signal line.

In the second embodiment, when a polarizing plate is used (FIG. 7), 1H inversion driving is performed when the polarizing plate 71 is arranged. When performing 1V inversion driving (FIG. 8)
Since the arrangement of the polarizing plate 71 as described above is the same as that described above, the description is omitted.

The above configuration relates to the transmission type liquid crystal display panel. However, the technical idea of the present invention described for the transmissive liquid crystal display panel can also be applied to the reflective PD liquid crystal display panel. It should be noted that also in the reflective display panel,
As in the first embodiment of the transmission type, the auxiliary bead structure, TF
T light shielding structure, low dielectric film structure, particle size change structure, pseudo B
If the M structure, the low dielectric pillar structure, and the light-shielding pillar structure are adopted, it goes without saying that the effects of the respective structures can be obtained.

FIG. 18 is a structural view of a reflective PD liquid crystal display panel of the present invention. The thickness of the glass substrate 22 as the opposing substrate is 0.6 to 1.1 mm.
The TFT 12 and the like are formed on the array substrate 22.
The reflective electrode 182 is provided on the TFT 12 via an insulating film 184.
Are formed. The reflection electrode 182 and the TFT 12 are electrically connected by a connection terminal 183. Insulating film 184
As the material, an organic material represented by polyimide or the like, or an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ or SiNx is used. The reflective electrode 182 has a surface formed of a thin film of Al.
Although it may be formed by using Cr or the like, the reflectivity is lower than that of Al, and the periphery of the reflective electrode 182 is easily broken due to its hardness.

Although the connection terminal portion 183 has a depression of 0.5 to 1 μm, the PD liquid crystal 24 does not need to be subjected to a treatment such as alignment, so that there is no problem. The aperture ratio is 10 pixels.
80% or more for 0 μm square, 70 even for 50 μm square
% Or more. However, irregularities occur on the TFT 12 and the like, and the reflection efficiency is somewhat reduced. In order to eliminate the irregularities, the surface of the reflective electrode 182 may be polished.
Polishing can achieve a reflectance of 90% or more.

Source signal line 14 and gate signal line 13
Although not shown, it is formed on the array substrate 22. Since the reflective electrode 182 covers the signal line and the TFT 12, the liquid crystal 24 is oriented by the electric field generated from the signal line and the TFT 12, so that image noise does not occur.

In the transmissive display panel, the generation of the horizontal electric field mainly occurs between the signal line and the pixel electrode. In the reflective display panel, since the signal lines 14 and the like are formed below the reflective electrode 182, almost no horizontal electric field is generated between the signal lines 14 and the pixel electrodes 182. However, a horizontal electric field is generated between adjacent pixels. That is, as shown in FIG. 19, when a positive voltage is applied to the reflective electrode 182a and a negative voltage is applied to the reflective electrode 182b, a line of electric force (lateral electric field) 52 is generated between the two reflective electrodes. The liquid crystal molecules 51 are aligned along the horizontal electric field 52.

As shown in FIG. 19, when the major axes of the liquid crystal molecules 51 are arranged in the direction of the horizontal electric field 52, the polarized light in the bb 'direction is transmitted, and the polarized light in the aa' direction is scattered. . In order to prevent light leakage due to a lateral electric field by using a polarizing plate, the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate 71 may be set in the aa ′ direction.

However, in the reflection type liquid crystal display panel, the phenomenon that light is transmitted through the periphery of the pixel electrode as in the transmission type liquid crystal display panel does not occur. In the reflection type, it appears as a phenomenon in which the liquid crystal around the reflection electrode causes a display (hereinafter, referred to as image noise) which is not related to the image display. That is, the horizontal electric field 5
1 causes the liquid crystal layer to be in a transmissive state, and the light incident on the transmissive portion is reflected by the reflective electrode and projected on the screen.

In order to further prevent the lateral electric field generated between the pixel electrodes, a low dielectric film 185 may be formed between the reflective electrodes 182. The low dielectric film 185 is formed between the reflective electrodes and at the peripheral portion of the reflective electrode. Low dielectric film 185
Since the material and the effect of the above have been described with reference to FIG. 34, etc., they are omitted. Also, if the low dielectric film 185 is colored,
It has already been described that halation between the liquid crystal layers 24 can be prevented. Further, the low dielectric film 185 may be a light shielding column 571 as shown in FIG.
It is clear that the low dielectric pillar 561 may be used as in 6).

A structure as shown in FIG. 62 may be employed to obtain a particle size changing structure in a reflection type PD liquid crystal display panel. Since the structure of the transmissive display panel shown in FIG. 61 and the like is employed for the reflective type, no particular description will be required. Irradiation of ultraviolet rays may be performed from the A direction.

Further, FIG. 19 shows the 1V shown in FIG.
This is the case of inversion driving. A positive (+) potential is applied to the reflective electrode 182a, and a negative (-) potential is applied to the reflective electrode 182d. 1
In the case of H inversion driving (see FIG. 16), the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 may be arranged in the bb 'direction. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 24 is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 μm, more preferably 8 to 15 μm.
The range of μm is preferred. If the film thickness is small, the scattering characteristics are poor and contrast cannot be obtained. Conversely, if the film thickness is large, high voltage driving must be performed, making it difficult to design a drive IC.

The anti-reflection film 181 is formed of a first dielectric thin film 181a and an ITO thin film 181 in this order from the counter substrate 172 side.
b, a three-layer structure composed of the second dielectric thin film 181c. Transparent dielectric thin films 181a and 181c are formed before and after the ITO thin film serving as the counter electrode 181b to form a three-layer structure, and have an antireflection function. ITO thin film 181b
Has an optical thickness (nd) of λ / 2, and the first and second thin films 181a and 181c have an optical thickness of λ / 4, respectively.
It is. Here, n is the refractive index, d is the physical film thickness, and λ is the wavelength of light.

An example of the specific structure is shown in Table 2 and its spectral reflectance is shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 43, according to the configuration of Table 2, the wavelength bandwidth 2
A property of a reflectance of 0.1% or less can be realized over 00 nm or more, and an extremely high antireflection effect can be obtained. In the table of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer 24 in the scattering state was used.
Has a refractive index of 1.6, but this value changes if the liquid crystal material and the polymer material change. When the refractive index of the liquid crystal scattering state n _x, the refractive index of the refractive index n _1, ITO thin film of the first and second dielectric thin film was n _2, n _x <n ₁
The condition of <n ₂ may be satisfied.

[0211]

[Table 2]

The first thin film 181a and the second thin film 18
The refractive index of 1c is desirably from 1.60 to 1.80.
In each of the examples shown in Table 2, SiO was used. However, one or both of the thin films were used instead of Al ₂ O ₃ and Y.
Any of ₂ O ₃ , MgO, CeF ₃ , WO ₃ and PbF ₂ may be used.

Table 3 shows the case where the first thin film 181a and the second thin film 181c are made of Y ₂ O ₃ . The spectral reflectance is shown in FIG.

[0214]

[Table 3]

The spectral reflectance of (FIG. 44) tends to be slightly higher for the B light and the R light than in the case of (FIG. 43).

Similarly (Table 4) shows that the first thin film 181a
The case where the second thin film 181c is made of Y ₂ O ₃ in iO is shown. The spectral reflectance is shown in FIG. An extremely excellent antireflection effect of 0.1% or less is realized over the entire visible light region.

[0217]

[Table 4]

Table 5 shows that the first thin film 181a is made of Al ₂ O ₃
FIG. 7 shows a case where the second thin film 181c is made of SiO. The spectral reflectance is shown in FIG. R light and B
In the light region, the reflectance exceeds 0.5%, which is not appropriate.

[0219]

[Table 5]

As described above, by forming the dielectric thin films 181a and 181c in three layers on both sides of the ITO thin film 181b, it is possible to provide an effect of preventing reflected light. Note that the spectral reflectance shown in FIG. 43 to FIG.
This changes when the refractive index of the liquid crystal 24 changes. That is, it depends on the PD liquid crystal material and the like, so that the optimization design is important.

If the PD liquid crystal 24 is in direct contact with the ITO thin film 181b, the PD liquid crystal 24 tends to deteriorate. This is probably because impurities in the ITO thin film 181b elute into the liquid crystal layer 24. As in the three-layer configuration described above, ITO
Dielectric thin film 181c between thin film 181b and liquid crystal layer 24
Is formed, the liquid crystal layer 24 does not deteriorate. It is particularly good when the dielectric thin film 181c is made of Al ₂ O ₃ or Y ₂ O ₃ .

When the dielectric thin film 181c is SiO, SiO
Tends to decrease. This is presumably because SiO is linked to oxygen atoms such as H ₂ O and O ₂ contained in the liquid crystal 24 in a small amount, and SiO is changed to SiO ₂ . In that sense, the configurations of (Table 1) and (Table 5) are not suitable. However, SiO does not change to SiO ₂ in a short period of time, and can often be used practically.

In FIG. 18, the anti-reflection film 181 has a three-layer structure, but practically sufficient anti-reflection performance can be obtained with two layers. The two layers refer to the dielectric thin film 181 in FIG.
a is removed. That is, a dielectric thin film 181c having a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the counter electrode substrate 21 and lower than the refractive index of the ITO thin film 181b serving as the counter electrode;
It has a two-layer structure with an ITO thin film 181b serving as a counter electrode. The optical thickness of the ITO thin film 181b is λ / 2, and the optical thickness of the dielectric thin film 181c is λ / 4. Further, the refractive index of the dielectric thin film is set higher than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 24 in a state where no voltage is applied.

An example of the specific structure is shown in (Table 6).

[0225]

[Table 6]

The refractive index of the thin film 181c is 1.50 or more.
70 or less, more preferably 1.6 or more and 1.
7 or less is desirable. In the example of (Table 6), Al ₂ O ₃ was used, but other than CeF ₃ , SiO, WO ₃ , LaF ₃ , and Nd
Any of F ₃ may be used.

Further, Table 7 shows an example in which Al ₂ O ₃ is changed to SiO.

[0228]

[Table 7]

If SiO is used, 400 nm to 700 n
A spectral reflectance of 1% or less can be realized over a wavelength band of m.

The liquid crystal layer 24 is formed by forming the anti-reflection film 181.
Since the light that is reflected without entering the light can be prevented, the display contrast can be greatly improved. Other configurations and the like are the same as or similar to the transmissive display panel of the present invention, and a description thereof will be omitted.

[0231] The reflection type display panel can perform high-luminance display as compared with the transmissive type display panel, because the liquid crystal 24 has a thinner film thickness, the contrast is better, and the pixel aperture ratio is higher. In addition, since there is no obstacle on the back surface of the display panel, panel cooling is easy. For example, forced air cooling and liquid cooling from the back surface can be easily performed, and a heat sink or the like can be attached to the back surface.

In the display panel of the present invention, the light reflected at the interface 555 is scattered or absorbed by the convex structure or the lower light-shielding film structure to prevent ghost and the like. The ghost or the like can be prevented by adopting a configuration in which a concave lens or a transparent substrate (hereinafter, generically referred to as a transparent member) is adhered to the light input / output surface of the display panel (hereinafter, referred to as a transparent member structure). The display contrast can be improved. When the transparent member structure is used alone, a specific effect of improving the display contrast and the like can be exerted, and the effect is further enhanced by combining with the lower light-shielding film structure and the convex structure. Hereinafter, the transparent member structure will be described.

FIG. 50 shows a configuration in which a transparent member or the like is attached to the display panel 72 of the present invention. A transparent substrate 501 is attached to the surface of the display panel 72. Transparent substrate 50
1 is attached to the surface of the display panel 72 via an optical coupling agent 502. An anti-reflection film (not shown) for preventing light reflected at the interface with air is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate. For example, the aforementioned V coat. As the optical binder, an ultraviolet curable adhesive is exemplified. In many cases, the adhesive is close to the refractive index of the glass substrate constituting the display panel, and is suitable for use as an optical coupling agent. Further, the present invention is not limited to the UV-curable adhesive, and a transparent silicone resin or the like can be used. In addition, a liquid such as an epoxy-based transparent adhesive or ethylene glycol can be used. It should be noted that air should not be mixed with the counter substrate 21 of the display panel. The presence of air causes image quality abnormality due to the difference in refractive index. Transparent substrate 50
Numeral 1 is formed of a transparent material such as glass or acrylic resin, and a light-absorbing film 511 made of black paint or the like is formed in a non-display area (referred to as an ineffective surface) other than the effective display area.

The reason why the display contrast and the like can be improved by attaching the transparent substrate 179 to the display panel 15 is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-145277.

There are many possible configurations in which a transparent member is attached to the display panel 72 of the present invention. For example, (FIG. 51)
(A) As shown in FIG.
51, a configuration in which it is bonded to a concave lens 512 as shown in FIG. 51 (b), a configuration in which a concave lens 512 is bonded as shown in FIG. A configuration in which a transparent substrate 501 or a concave lens 512 is attached to both the entrance surface and the exit surface of the display panel 72 as shown in FIG. 51D is exemplified.

By attaching the transparent substrate 501 or the concave lens 512 to the display panel 72, the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 24 is reflected at the interface 555 and scattered again by the liquid crystal layer (2
(Display scattering or secondary light source) does not occur, so that the display contrast can be improved. The fact that the light reflected at the interface 555 does not return to the liquid crystal layer 24 again means that the light 553b reflected at the source signal line 14 or the like also disappears. That is, as shown in FIG. 55, the incident light 551 is scattered by the liquid crystal layer 24 and becomes scattered light 552, but the light is reflected at the interface 555, and all enters the light absorbing film 511 and is absorbed. It is.

When the polarizing plate 71 is attached to the display panel 72, it may be held between the transparent member 501 and the display panel 72 as shown in FIG. A polarizing plate may be attached to the surface of the transparent member 501 that comes into contact with air, but it is difficult to form an antireflection film on the resin film surface because the polarizing plate 71 is usually a resin film. Without the anti-reflection film, the light reflected at the interface 555 increases, resulting in light loss.
By sandwiching between the transparent member 501 and the display panel as shown in FIG. 50, no reflection of light occurs on the polarizing plate 71, and an antireflection film can be formed on the interface of the transparent member 501 to reduce the light utilization efficiency. Improvement can be expected. The polarization axis of the polarizing plate 71 is shown in FIG.
As described above, the setting is made in consideration of the direction in which the horizontal electric field is generated.

The structure of the transparent member can be applied to the reflective display panel of the present invention. (FIG. 52) is a configuration diagram thereof.
On the surface of the transparent member 501, a multi-coat antireflection film 5
21 are formed. Of course, a V coat may be used.

The configuration of the reflection type display panel can be varied in many ways as in the case of FIG. 51. For example (FIG. 53
FIG. 53A shows a configuration in which a transparent substrate 501 is attached to the opposite substrate 21 of the reflective display panel 72 as shown in FIG.
This is a configuration in which a concave lens 512 is attached as in (b)), or a configuration in which the counter substrate 511 is sufficiently thick as shown in FIG. 53 (c). These effects were also discussed earlier (FIG. 5).
This is the same as the effect of the transmission type display panel shown in FIG. Also, the matter relating to the polarizing plate 71 in (FIG. 52) is the same as that described in (FIG. 50).

The display panel of the present invention may have a combination of various technical ideas shown in this specification. For example,
A light shielding film 15 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.
(FIG. 47), the combination of the convex structure of FIG. 47 or the lower light-shielding film of FIG. 47 and the polarization configuration shown in FIG. 7, and the combination of the convex structure of FIG. Such a combination with the transparent member structure shown in FIG. 57 and a combination of the light shielding column structure shown in FIG. 57 and the polarization configuration shown in FIG. 7 are all included in the technical idea of the display panel of the present invention.

Although the polarizing plate 71 is disposed on the display panel 72 of the present invention as shown in FIG. 7, the present invention is not limited to the polarizing plate 71. For example, as shown in FIG. 38, when the polarization beam splitter 381 separates incident light into P-polarized light and S-polarized light on the light separation surface 382, and either one of them is incident on the display panel 204 of the present invention. No polarizing plate is required. However, by matching the direction of generation of the horizontal electric field 52 with the direction of polarization, light leakage or the like can be prevented, and the effect of improving display contrast can be realized.

As described above, the technical idea of the present invention is that a configuration is adopted in which orthogonally polarized light is incident or orthogonally polarized light is detected in the direction of polarization in which the liquid crystal layer 24 is in a transmission state according to the main direction of generation of the transverse electric field. It is. Therefore, it is not limited to a polarizing plate. This technical idea is also applied to a projection display device using a display panel of the present invention for modulating polarization as a light valve.

Hereinafter, the projection display device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the projection display device of the present invention, the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve.
FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram of the projection display device of the present invention.
However, components unnecessary for the description are omitted. (Figure 2
In 0), reference numeral 201 denotes a light source, inside of which the concave mirror 20 is provided.
1b and a metal halide lamp or a xenon lamp as the light generating means 201a are arranged.

A UVIR cut filter 201c is arranged on the front surface of the concave mirror 201b. The lamp 201
For a, an arc length of 3 (mm) or more and 6 (mm) or less is used. The metal halide lamp is of the 250 W class and has an arc length of approximately 6.5 (mm), and the 150 W class is of the arc length of approximately 5 (mm). The curvature and the like of the concave mirror 201b are designed to be appropriate values in accordance with the arc length of the lamp.
An elliptical mirror or a parabolic mirror is used as the concave mirror 201b.
The UVIR cut filter 201c reflects infrared light (IR) and ultraviolet light (UV) and transmits visible light.

Reference numeral 203a denotes a BD for reflecting B light.
M and 203b are GDMs that reflect G light, and 203c is an RDM.
An RDM that reflects light. The arrangement of the BDM 203a to the RDM 203c is not limited to the order shown in FIG. Needless to say, the last RDM 203c may be replaced with a total reflection mirror. The relay lens 202 corrects a difference between an optical path length from the light source 201 to the display panel 204c for modulating R light and an optical path length to the display panel 204a for modulating B light.

Reference numeral 204 denotes a display panel of the present invention. The display panel is used as a light valve. When a PD liquid crystal is used for the light modulating layer, the light modulating layer for modulating the R light has a larger droplet-shaped liquid crystal particle diameter than the light modulating layer for modulating the other G and B lights, Is made thicker. This is because the longer the wavelength of the light, the lower the scattering characteristics and the lower the contrast. The particle size of the water-droplet liquid crystal can be realized by controlling ultraviolet light at the time of polymerization, by changing the material used, or by adopting the particle size changing structure described in FIG. 57 and the like. The liquid crystal film thickness can be adjusted by changing the bead diameter of the liquid crystal layer. 205 is a projection lens, 206, 2
08 is a lens, and 207 is an aperture as an aperture. The aperture 207 is illustrated for explaining the operation of the projection display device. Since the aperture 207 defines the converging angle of the projection lens, it can be considered as being included in the function of the projection lens. That is, if the F-number of the projection lens is large, aperture 2
The hole diameter of 07 can be considered small. In order to obtain a high contrast display, the larger the F-number of the projection lens, the better. However, as the F value increases, the luminance of white display, that is, the screen luminance decreases. Conversely, when the F-number is reduced, the screen brightness increases and high brightness display is possible, but the display contrast decreases. When a metal halide lamp having an arc length of 5 mm is used, the F value is set to 5 or more and 9 or less. Preferably, the F value is around 7. If it is around 7, the display contrast becomes good and a sufficient display luminance can be obtained.

Hereinafter, the operation of the projection display device of the present invention will be described. The R, G, and B light modulation systems have almost the same operation, and therefore the B light modulation system will be described as an example.

[0248] White light is emitted from the condensing optical system 201,
The B light component of the white light is reflected by the BDM 203a. This B light is incident on the display panel 204a. The display panel a modulates the light by controlling the scattering and transmission state of the incident light by a signal applied to the pixel electrode 11 as shown in FIGS. 37 (a) and 37 (b).

The scattered light is shielded by the aperture 207a, while the parallel light or light within a predetermined angle is
Pass through 7a. The modulated light is enlarged and projected on a screen (not shown) by the projection lens 205a. As described above, the B light component of the image is displayed on the screen. Similarly, the display panel 204b modulates the light of the G light component, and the display panel 204c modulates the light of the R light component, so that a color image is displayed on the screen.

A driving circuit and a driving method of a projection display device when three light valves for modulating red, green and blue light are used will be described. FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a drive circuit in one embodiment of the projection display apparatus of the present invention. In FIG. 15, reference numeral 72a denotes a display panel that modulates R light, 72b denotes a display panel that modulates G light, 72c denotes a display panel that modulates B light, and R ₁ and R ₂ and a transistor Q are connected to a base. A phase division circuit for producing a positive and negative video signal of the input video signal is configured, and corresponds to 142 in FIG. 14. 143 is one horizontal scanning period (1H) or one vertical scanning period (1V)
This is an output switching circuit that outputs an AC video signal, the polarity of which is inverted every time, to a display panel.

After the gain of the video signal is adjusted to a predetermined value,
The light is divided into signals corresponding to the R, G, and B lights. The divided video signals are referred to as a video signal (R), a video signal (G), and a video signal (B), respectively. Video signal (R)
(G) and (B) are respectively input to the phase division circuit, and two positive and negative video signals are generated by this circuit. Next, these two video signals are input to respective output switching circuits 143a, 143b, 143c, and the output switching circuit switches the polarity of the output signal every 1H or 1V. Next, the video signal from each output switching circuit 143 is input to the source drive circuit 42 shown in FIG. The drive control circuit 144 synchronizes the source drive circuit 42 with the gate drive circuit 41 and causes the display panel 72 to display an image.

Next, the visibility of the human eye will be described.
The human eye has the highest sensitivity near the wavelength of 550 nm. Of the three primary colors of light, green is the highest, red is the next, and blue is the least sensitive. In order to obtain a luminance signal proportional to this sensitivity, it is sufficient to add 30% of red, 60% of green and 10% of blue. Therefore, in order to obtain white color in a television image, it is only necessary to add R: B: G = 3: 6: 1. Further, as described above, the liquid crystal needs to be driven by an alternating current. This AC driving is performed by alternately applying a positive polarity signal and a negative polarity signal to a voltage (hereinafter, referred to as a common voltage) applied to a counter electrode of the display panel. In this embodiment, the state where the signal of the positive polarity is applied to the display panel to modulate the light having the luminosity n is + n, and the signal of the negative polarity is applied to modulate the light having the luminosity n. -State
It represents n.

For example, light of R: G: B = 3: 6: 1 is applied to the display panel, and the R and B display panels (72
a, 72c), a positive signal is applied to the G display panel 72b, and + 3 · −
6 + 1. Note that R: G: B =
3: 6: 1 is the case of NTSC television images. In a projection display device, the above ratio varies depending on the lamp of the light source, the spectral characteristics of the dichroic mirror, and the like. (Figure 1
In 5), it is indicated as + 3−−6 · + 1. This is because when attention is paid to an arbitrary image of each display panel superimposed on the same position on the screen, R: G: B =
Light of 3: 6: 1 is applied, and a positive signal is applied to pixels of the R and B display panels, and a negative signal is applied to pixels of the G display panel. . After one field, each pixel is in a signal applied state expressed as −3 + 6−1.

Normally, even if the same signal is applied to the liquid crystal display panel 72, a slight difference occurs in the voltage held in the pixel between the even field and the odd field. This is T
The on-current and off-current of the FT 12 are different depending on the video signal, or are caused by the difference in the holding characteristics between the positive electric field and the negative electric field of the alignment film or the like. This difference causes a phenomenon called flicker.

However, in the projection type display device of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 15, by setting the polarity of the G light modulation signal to be opposite to that of the RB light modulation signal, flicker can be visually recognized. Can be prevented. The reason why the G light modulation signal has the opposite polarity to the other light is that the light intensity is R: G: B = 3: 6:
In consideration of the polarity of the signal and the human vision, (R + B): G = (3 + 1): 6 = 4: 6, which is almost 4: 6 (ideally 1: 1 is preferable). In order to

For the above reasons, the projection type display apparatus according to the present invention can display good images without flicker being visually recognized.

Hereinafter, other projection type display devices of the present invention will be described, but mainly the differences from the first embodiment will be described. Therefore, the items related to the display panel, the items related to the drive circuit, and the items related to the optical system described in FIG. 20 are also applied to other projection display devices of the present invention as needed.

[0258] Fig. 20 shows a method of enlarging and projecting the image on the screen by using three projection lenses 205, but there is also a method of enlarging and projecting the image with one projection lens. FIG.
Shown in 1). Here, for ease of explanation, 217G
Is a display panel for displaying an image of G light, 217R is a display panel for displaying an image of R light, and 217B is a display panel for displaying an image of B light. Accordingly, the dichroic mirror 215a reflects the R light and transmits the G light and the B light with respect to the wavelength transmitted and reflected by each dichroic mirror. The dichroic mirror 215b reflects the G light,
Transmit light. The dichroic mirror 215c transmits the B light and reflects the G light. The dichroic mirror 215d reflects the B light and transmits the G light and the R light.

Light emitted from a metal halide lamp (not shown) is reflected by a total reflection mirror 213a to change the traveling direction of the light. The light is separated by the dichroic mirrors 215a and 215b into optical paths of three primary colors of R, G, and B light, and the R light is separated by a field lens 216R.
The G light enters the field lens 216G, and the B light enters the field lens 216B. Each field lens 216 collects each light. The display panel 217 modulates light by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal in response to the video signal. The R, G, and B lights thus modulated are combined by the dichroic mirrors 215c and 215d, and are enlarged and projected on a screen (not shown) by the projection lens 218.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention using the reflective display panel of the present invention as a light valve will be described with reference to FIG.

The light source 201 has red (R), green (G),
Emits light containing three primary color components of blue (B). As described above, the concave mirror 201b is made of glass, and has a reflective surface on which a multilayer film that reflects visible light and transmits infrared light is deposited. Part of the visible light included in the light emitted from the lamp 201a is reflected by the reflecting surface of the concave mirror 201b. The reflected light emitted from the concave mirror 201b is
01c removes infrared rays and ultraviolet rays and emits.

The projection lens 221 has a first lens group 221b on the liquid crystal display panel side and a second lens group 22 on the screen side.
1a, and a plane mirror 222 is disposed between the first lens group 221b and the second lens group 221a. After transmitting the first lens group 221b, about half of the scattered light emitted from the pixel at the center of the screen of the display panel 226 is incident on the plane mirror 222, and the rest is incident on the plane mirror 22.
The light does not enter the second lens group 2 but enters the second lens group 221a. The normal to the reflection surface of the plane mirror 222 is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the optical axis 224 of the projection lens 221. The light from the light source 201 is reflected by the plane mirror 222 and the first lens group 221b
And enters the display panel 227. 227
Is a display panel of the present invention shown by (FIG. 18) and the like.

The reflected light from the display panel 226 passes through the first lens group 221b and the second lens group 221a in this order, and reaches the screen 228. Light rays that exit from the center of the stop of the projection lens 221 and travel toward the display panel 226 are made to enter the liquid crystal layer 24 almost perpendicularly, that is, telecentric. A polarizing plate 227a transmits P-polarized light. In addition, a driving method of 1H inversion or 1V inversion of the display panel is selected so that the direction of generation of the horizontal electric field of the display panel becomes the direction of P polarization.

Note that here, for ease of explanation,
226 is a display panel for modulating R light, 226c is a display panel for modulating B light, and 226b is a display panel for modulating G light.

As shown in FIG. 22, a dichroic prism or a dichroic mirror is mainly used as the color separating means and the color synthesizing means. In the present invention, either of the above elements may be used, but for ease of explanation,
The description is mainly given of a dichroic mirror as an example.

It is known that the band of the light reflected by the dichroic mirror is wider for S-polarized light than for P-polarized light. Conversely, the light transmitted through the dichroic mirror is wider for P-polarized light than for S-polarized light.

For example, when the dichroic mirror is R
In the case of a dichroic mirror that reflects light, the S-polarized component of the R light reflects light of a wide band, and the P-polarized component of the R light transmits light of a wide band. Therefore, the S-polarized R light also reflects light near the G light band, and the P-polarized R light also transmits light near the G light band. That is, it means that the dichroic mirror cannot separate the R light satisfactorily. This is a factor that deteriorates hue. Deterioration of hue can be replaced with deterioration of color reproducibility. For example, a display panel that modulates only R light,
Since the G light is mixed with the light incident on the panel, the G light is also modulated as the R light, and the color of the original image cannot be reproduced. In the present invention, a narrow band of polarized light is modulated by the display panel.

Therefore, in order to improve the color reproducibility in the structure shown in FIG. 22, the polarizing plates 227a and 227b
The polarizer 227c may transmit S-polarized light so that P can be transmitted. Therefore, each liquid crystal panel 226 determines the structure (low dielectric pillar structure, light absorbing film structure, etc.) and the driving method (1H inversion, 1V inversion driving) in consideration of the direction of generation of the horizontal electric field.

The dichroic mirror 223 serves both as a color synthesizing system and a color separating system. UVIR cut filter 20
The band of 1c is 430 nm to 690 nm as a half value. Hereinafter, when describing the band of light, it is expressed by a half value. The dichroic mirror 223a reflects the R light and transmits the G light and the B light. G light is a dichroic mirror 22
The light is reflected by 3b and enters the display panel 226b. The band of R light is 600 nm to 690 nm, and the band of G light is 510 to
570 nm. Also, dichroic mirror 223
b transmits B light. The B light is incident on the display panel 226c. The band of the incident B light is 430 nm to 490 nm. Each display panel forms an optical image as a change in the scattering state according to each video signal. The optical system formed by each display panel is color-combined by the dichroic mirror 223, enters the projection lens 221, and is enlarged and projected on the screen 228.

[0270] As shown in FIG.
Has reflective electrodes 182 arranged in a matrix,
The incident light is modulated according to the voltage applied between the reflective electrode 182 and the counter electrode 181b. The liquid crystal layer 24 on a pixel to which a voltage is applied to the reflective electrode 182 is in a transmission state, and a pixel to which no voltage is applied is in a scattering state. When the liquid crystal layer 24 is in the transmission state, light incident from the counter substrate 21 is reflected by the reflection electrode 182.
And is emitted from the opposite substrate 21 again.

Although FIG. 22 shows an apparatus for performing color separation and color synthesis using a dichroic mirror, color separation and color synthesis can also be performed using a dichroic prism. The configuration diagram is shown in FIG. The dichroic prism has two light separating surfaces 232a and 232b, and the white light 225a is separated by the light separating surface 232 into RGB light.
B is separated into three primary colors. Each display panel 226 is attached to a dichroic prism 234 via an optical coupling agent 231. 233 is an auxiliary lens.

On the surface of the dichroic prism 234, as shown in FIG.
1 is applied. The same material as the light absorbing film 511 shown in FIG. 51 and the like is used. The light absorbing film 511 has a function of absorbing light scattered by the display panel 226.

The display panel 226 is attached to the dichroic prism 234, and the light absorbing film 2 is formed on the invalid area (the surface where light does not input / output) of the dichroic prism 231.
41 is applied. This configuration is functionally similar to that shown in FIG. 52 or the like in which the transparent substrate 501 is optically coupled to the display panel 72 and the light absorbing film 511 is applied to an ineffective area of the transparent substrate 501. . That is, the transparent substrate 501 may be replaced with the dichroic prism 234.

For example, if the display panel 226a is considered as the center and the display panel 226a modulates the R light, the incident light 225a is converted to the dichroic prism 234.
From the light incident / exit surface 242 of the light splitting surface 232, and R
Light is reflected. The display panel 226a has a reflective electrode 182.
The degree of scattering of the light modulation layer 24 is changed according to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the light modulation layer 24. Among these, the component of the transmitted light is reflected again by the light separating surface 232b, and is emitted from the light input / output surface 242. Most of the scattered light enters the light absorption film 242 and is absorbed, and returns to the light modulation layer 24 again, without causing secondary scattering.

From the above description (FIG. 23), it can be understood that the dichroic prism 234 has not only the function of color separation and color synthesis but also the function of preventing the generation of secondary scattered light. In the configuration of the present invention shown in FIG. 23, the color separation / color synthesis system is very simple and small. Also, it has a function of preventing secondary scattering.

The above device is a projection type display device using a display panel which forms an optical image as a change in light scattering state as a light valve (light modulation means). However, the technical idea of converting the P-polarized light and the S-polarized light with the phase plate of the present invention, narrowing the light bandwidth in the color separation / color combining system, and improving the hue of the projection display device is another random idea. The present invention is also applied to a projection display device using a display panel that modulates light.

In order to display a color image on one liquid crystal display panel, a configuration as shown in FIG. 63 may be employed.
In FIG. 63, what is the display panel 401 (FIG. 58)
(FIG. 61). The polarizing plate 71 may or may not be added. Needless to say, the display contrast becomes better with the addition. When the polarizing plate 71 is added, the direction of the polarization axis 73 is determined in consideration of the direction of generation of the transverse electric field as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 62, an optical image modulated by one liquid crystal display panel 401 is projected on a screen by a projection lens 218 to display a color image.

Next, a description will be given of a projection type display device which further improves the projection optical system, ensures good color reproducibility, and realizes high brightness display and high contrast display.

A projection display device using a PD liquid crystal display panel as a light valve has an advantage that a bright projection image can be obtained. However, when a projection lens having a small effective F-number is used, most of the light scattered in a black display state is reduced. The light is condensed by the projection lens, causing black floating. As a result, the contrast of the projected image decreases. High contrast can be obtained by using a projection lens with a large effective f-number.
In the white display state, light that cannot be collected is generated, so that light loss occurs. In order to suppress light loss, it is necessary to increase the effective F number of the illumination light in accordance with the effective F number of the projection lens.

When illuminating light having a large effective F-number, that is, good parallelism, is formed, it is difficult to obtain high light use efficiency due to an increase in light loss unless a light source close to a point light source is used. On the other hand, the luminous body of a metal halide lamp generally known as a short arc type is 5 to 10 mm.
The xenon lamp luminous body, which is about as long as a point light source, is about 2-4 mm long. When light emitted from these illuminants is efficiently condensed to form light for illuminating the light valve, in any case,
Since it has a certain illumination angle, it is necessary to match the effective F-number of the projection lens to this.

If an attempt is made to reduce the size of the luminous body in order to increase the effective F-number of the illumination light without increasing the light loss, general lamps have extremely deteriorated light emission characteristics such as life characteristics. There's a problem. Although it is effective to use a light valve having a display area that is relatively large with respect to the light-emitting body, it is difficult to configure a compact projection display device, and there is a problem in that the cost increases.

Therefore, in order to construct a projection type display device with small light loss using a PD liquid crystal display panel and obtain a bright and high-contrast projection image, match the effective F number of the illumination light with the effective F number of the projection lens. Need to be done. Since the projection lens provides a minimum necessary aperture for the light emitted from the light valve, stray light in the projection lens can be reduced, and a projection image with high contrast can be obtained.

It is preferable that the effective F-number of the illumination light and the effective F-number of the projection lens are well matched at every point on the display area of the light valve.
In particular, when a PD liquid crystal display panel is used as a light valve, it is important to make the contrast in the entire area of the projected image uniform. For that purpose, it is necessary to be able to satisfactorily restrict the irradiation angle of the illumination light and the converging angle of the projection lens not only on the on-axis point on the light valve but also on all off-axis points. Conventionally, it is difficult to control the effective F number of the illumination light and the effective F number of the projection lens in this way,
As a result, there is a problem that the image quality of the projected image is reduced.

FIG. 25 shows a configuration diagram of a projection display apparatus of the present invention which has solved the above-mentioned problems. The projection display device according to the present invention includes a light-emitting body 252 as light-generating means, a light-collecting means for condensing light emitted from the light-emitting body, a light transmitting means for receiving light emitted from the light-condensing means, A display panel (light valve 204) of the present invention as light modulation means illuminated by light emitted from the transmission means; a projection lens 251 as projection means for projecting an optical image on the light valve 204 onto a screen; It has a first aperture stop 256 arranged on the entrance side of the valve 204 and a second aperture stop 258 arranged on the exit side of the light valve.

The light transmitting means is an input part converging lens array 25.
4; a central convergent lens array 255; and an output convergent lens 257. The input convergent lens array 254 includes a plurality of input convergent lenses 259 arranged two-dimensionally.
The central convergent lens array 255 includes a plurality of central convergent lenses 26 paired with the same number of input convergent lenses 259.
0 are arranged two-dimensionally.

Each of the input convergent lenses 259 forms a plurality of secondary luminous bodies near the respective main planes of the corresponding central convergent lenses 260, and each of the central convergent lenses 260 is combined with the output convergent lens 257. Each of the images of the object near the main plane of each of the corresponding input section converging lenses 259 is formed near the effective display area of the light valve 204 as a superimposed form, and the output section converging lens 257 emits light from a plurality of secondary light emitters. The light effectively reaches the projection lens 251.

The first aperture stop 256 is disposed near a plurality of secondary luminous bodies, and is moved from the first aperture stop 256 to the second aperture stop 2.
The optical element interposed in the optical path to 58 is the first aperture stop 25
6 and the second aperture stop 258 are made to have a substantially conjugate relationship, and the first aperture stop 256 has an aperture shape for selectively transmitting light mainly passing through the effective area of the secondary luminous body.
The aperture stop 258 has an aperture shape for selectively passing the light that has passed through the first aperture stop 256 in the light-white display state of the light valve.

First, the basic configuration of the optical system of the projection display apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The projection display device mainly includes a metal halide lamp 256a as a light generating means, a parabolic mirror 206b, and a UV-light source.
Light source 206 including IR cut filter 201c, input section converging lens array 254, central section converging lens array 2
54, an aperture 256, an output section converging lens, a PD liquid crystal display panel 204 as a display panel of the present invention, a projection lens 251 as a projection unit, and an aperture 258. The projection lens 251 includes a front lens group 251a and a rear lens group 25.
1b. The output section converging lens 257 and the rear group lens 251b make the stop 256 and the stop 258 conjugate with each other.

The input section converging lens array 254 is configured by arranging a plurality of input section converging lenses 259 in a two-dimensional manner. An example of the configuration is shown in FIG. Ten input portion converging lenses 259 having a rectangular opening are arranged so as to be inscribed in a region of a perfect circle. The ten input section converging lenses 259 are plano-convex lenses having the same aperture shape, and the ratio of the long side to the short side of the rectangular aperture is 4: 3. That is, PD
The screen shape is the effective display area of the liquid crystal display panel 204. If the screen shape is 16: 9, the input section converging lens 259 is also set to 16: 9.

The central convergent lens array is constituted by arranging a plurality of central convergent lenses 260 two-dimensionally. The central convergent lenses 260 having the same number and the same aperture as the input convergent lenses 259 are arranged in the same manner as the input convergent lens array 254.

An illumination procedure in the projection display device will be described. Light emitted from the light emitter 252 of the metal halide lamp 206a is reflected by the parabolic mirror 206b, travels approximately parallel to the optical axis 264, and enters the input part converging lens array 254. Since the cross-sectional shape of the light emitted from the parabolic mirror 206b is generally a perfect circle, the input unit convergent lens array 254 is configured so that the sum of the apertures of the input unit convergent lens 259 is inscribed therein. The light passing through the input unit convergent lens array 254 is divided into the same number of partial light beams as the input unit convergent lens 259, and each partial light beam illuminates the effective display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 204.

The light that has passed through the input section converging lens 259 is
Each is guided and converged by the opening of the corresponding central converging lens 260. A secondary luminous body, for example, 261A, 261B is formed on each opening of the central converging lens 260. An example of the plurality of secondary light emitters 261 formed on the central convergent lens array 255 is schematically shown in FIG. The central converging lenses 260 each effectively transmit corresponding light onto the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 204. Specifically, the real image 26 of the object on the main plane of the corresponding input portion convergent lens 259, for example, 262A, 262B,
3 is formed near the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 204. However, each central converging lens 260 is appropriately decentered, and a plurality of images are superimposed to form one real image 263.
To form

According to the above configuration, the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 204 and the respective apertures of the input section converging lens 259 have an approximately conjugate relationship with each other. Accordingly, the opening of the input unit converging lens 259 is
If the shape is similar to the display area, the cross section of the illumination light and the shape of the display area can be matched to suppress the light loss. Therefore,
The input convergent lens array 254 shown in FIG.
It may be used in combination with a PD liquid crystal display panel 204 that displays an image having an aspect ratio of 4: 3 corresponding to NTSC.

Generally, light emitted from a concave mirror such as a parabolic mirror has relatively large brightness unevenness. The PD display liquid crystal panel 20 transmits the light with large uneven brightness as it is
When illuminating 4, the uniformity of the brightness of the projected image is reduced. When the illumination is performed using only the region having relatively uniform brightness, the unusable light increases, so that the light use efficiency decreases. On the other hand, the projection display device of the present invention has the advantages of obtaining high light use efficiency and obtaining a projection image with excellent brightness uniformity. The reason is described below.

The input section converging lens array 254 divides light having large uneven brightness into a plurality of partial light beams. The brightness unevenness of each partial light beam on the opening of the input unit converging lens 259 is smaller than the brightness unevenness of the light beam cross section before division. Each of the central converging lenses 260 enlarges a partial light beam with less brightness unevenness to an appropriate size and superimposes it on the display area of the PD liquid crystal display panel 204. Therefore, illumination with good uniformity of brightness can be realized.

Since the sum of the apertures of the input section converging lens 259 is inscribed in the cross section of the incident light beam, light loss in the input section converging lens array 254 is small. Further, since each of the apertures of the central convergent lens 260 is made sufficiently large with respect to the secondary luminous body 261, the central convergent lens array 2
Light loss at 55 is low. Further, since the cross section of light incident on the PD liquid crystal display panel 204 is matched to the shape of the display area, light loss in the PD liquid crystal display panel 204 is small. Therefore, most of the light emitted from the light emitter 252 is reflected by the parabolic mirror 206b, and the input portion convergent lens array 254, the central convergent lens array 255,
The light passes through the output section converging lens 257 and the PD liquid crystal display panel 204 and reaches the projection lens 251. Therefore, if the light loss in the projection lens 251 is suppressed, high light use efficiency is realized, and a bright and bright projected image with excellent uniformity of brightness is obtained.

Incidentally, the central convergent lens array 255
Since a plurality of secondary luminous bodies 261 are discretely formed on the upper side, the effective F number of the illumination light in this case is determined from the irradiation angle equivalently converted from the total area of the secondary luminous bodies 261. There is a need. On the other hand, the condensing angle of light emitted from the PD liquid crystal display panel 204 at the most angle with the optical axis 264 is a value larger than this equivalent irradiation angle. Therefore, in order to suppress light loss, the effective F number of the projection lens 251 needs to be smaller than the effective effective F number of the illumination light. This is PD liquid crystal display panel 2
In the case of 04, there is a problem because the contrast of the projected image is reduced.

On the other hand, in the projection type display device of the present embodiment, the apertures on the illumination light side and the projection lens side can be minimized by the functions of the stop 256 and the stop 258 without increasing the light loss. Therefore, a decrease in contrast can be suppressed. Specifically, the aperture of the stop 256 on the illumination light side is formed in a shape as shown in FIG. 29 in accordance with the effective area of the secondary light emitter 261 formed discretely. The broken lines correspond to the respective apertures of the central converging lens 260 (FIG. 29). Further, since a real image of the secondary luminous body 261 is formed on the opening of the stop 258 on the projection lens side, the stop 2
The shape of the opening 58 is the same as the shape of the opening of the stop 256. As a result, the light that has passed through the stop 256 is
, High light use efficiency can be realized. At the same time, the projection lens 251 provides the minimum necessary aperture required by the illumination light, so that a display image with high contrast can be realized. As a result, a bright and high-quality projected image can be provided, and a very large effect can be obtained.

The input part convergent lens array 254 and the central part convergent lens array 25 used in the projection display apparatus of the present invention
5, the stop 256, and the stop 258 are more preferably configured as follows. FIG. 30 shows the configuration of the central convergent lens array 255 in this case. Generally, the secondary illuminant 26
1 is the size of the input part converging lens 2 located near the optical axis.
59 are larger as they are formed. Therefore, the apertures of the central converging lens 260 do not necessarily have to be the same, and may be of a size sufficient for each of the secondary luminous bodies 261. If a plurality of central convergent lenses 260 having effectively different apertures are aggregated and arranged to form a central convergent lens array 255, there is an advantage that the total sum of the aperture regions can be reduced. The input convergent lens array 254 combined with the central convergent lens array 255 is constructed in the same manner as that shown in FIG. 28, and each of the input convergent lenses is appropriately decentered so that the corresponding central convergent lens 260 The secondary light-emitting body 261 may be formed at the center of the opening.

In this case, it is preferable to use a stop 256 having an aperture shape shown in FIG. 31 instead of the stop 256 on the illumination light side. The same applies to the stop 258 on the projection lens side.
Thus, the aperture diameter of the central convergent lens array can be reduced without causing light loss, and the projection lens 25
1 has the advantage that the lens diameter can be reduced.

As described above, the projection type display apparatus of this embodiment provides a greater effect when a plurality of secondary light emitters are discretely formed to illuminate a light valve. Even if a projection lens having a large maximum converging angle is used, the provision of a diaphragm having a plurality of apertures discretely provides a minimum necessary aperture for light emitted from the light valve. As a result, a bright and high-contrast projected image can be obtained.

[0303] Fig. 26 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device which can display a color image using three display panels 204 of the present invention based on Fig. 25 as a basic configuration.
In order to display a color image in FIG. 25, a display panel of the present invention with a color filter shown in FIG. 57 and the like may be used as a light valve.

[0304] The metal halide lamp 206a forms a luminous body 252 that emits light containing three primary colors. (Figure 2
The display areas of the PD liquid crystal display panels 204a, 204b, and 204c are illuminated by the same procedure as that described in 5). However, dichroic mirrors 266a, 266
b and the function of the plane mirror 265b, the illuminating light is decomposed into three primary colors of light, and guided onto the corresponding display areas of the PD liquid crystal display panels 204a, 204b and 204c.

In the PD liquid crystal display panel 204, an optical image corresponding to three primary colors is formed on each display area according to a video signal supplied from the outside. Projection lens 251
Is composed of a front lens group 251a and a rear lens group 251b, and enlarges and projects an optical image of three primary colors on a screen.
Light emitted from the PD liquid crystal display panel 204 is divided into dichroic mirrors 266c and 266d and a plane mirror 265.
Since one optical path is synthesized by the function of a, a full-color projected image is obtained.

As the stop 256 on the illumination light side and the stop 258 on the projection lens side, those similar to those shown in FIG. 29 or FIG. 31 are used for the same purpose. The output unit converging lens 257 and the rear group lens 251a are appropriately configured so that the stop 256 and the stop 258 have a conjugate relationship with each other.
With the above-described configuration, it is possible to realize a projection type display device that does not have color reproducibility and has high luminance and high contrast. The other points have been described with reference to FIG.

A viewfinder used as a reproduced image display device such as a video camera can be constituted by using the display panel of the present invention. Note that a viewfinder refers to a device including a light emitting source, a liquid crystal display panel, and a lens for enlarging an image of the liquid crystal display panel, and the like. A viewfinder for a video camera described below, The configuration of the image display unit and the like correspond. FIG. 32A is an external view of the viewfinder of the present invention. Reference numeral 258 denotes an eyepiece cover, and reference numeral 259 denotes a mounting bracket for a video camera. Reference numeral 257 denotes a body in which a lens, a transmission type display panel 254 of the present invention, and the like are stored.

FIG. 32 (b) shows the internal structure of the body 257 shown in FIG. 32 (a). 251 is a light emitting element, 253 is a condenser lens, 254 is a display panel of the present invention, and 256 is a magnifying lens.

As an example, the diagonal length of the display area of the display panel 254 is 28 mm, and the condenser lens 253 has an effective diameter of 30 mm and a focal length of 15 mm. The light emitting element 251 is arranged near the focal point of the condenser lens 253. The condenser lens 253 is a plano-convex lens, and its plane faces the light emitting element 251 side. An eyepiece ring 255 is attached to an end of the body 257. The magnifying lens 166 is mounted on the eyepiece ring 255. Body 257
The inner surface is black or dark for absorbing unnecessary light.

Reference numeral 252 denotes a light shielding plate having a circular hole at the center. The light emitting element 251 has a function of reducing a region from which light is emitted to a small region. As the hole area increases, the display image on the display panel becomes brighter, but the contrast decreases. This is because the amount of light incident on the condenser lens 252 increases, but the directivity of the incident light deteriorates. When the diagonal length of the display area of the display panel as described above is 28 mm, the area for emitting light should be 15 mm ² or less. This corresponds to the diameter of a pinhole having a diameter of almost 4 mm or more. Preferably it should be less than 10 mm ² . However, if the diameter of the hole is too small, the directivity of light will be narrower than necessary, and when viewing the viewfinder,
Even if the viewpoint is slightly shifted, the display screen becomes extremely dark.
Therefore, the area of the hole should be at least 2 mm ² or more. As an example, when the hole diameter is a straight line of 3 mm, the brightness of the display screen is equivalent to that of a viewfinder using a conventional surface light source, and the contrast at that time is also good. Light emitting area, that is, hole diameter is 0.5m
It should be considered in the range from m to 5 mm or less. However, this is a case where the diagonal length of the display screen is 28 mm, and if the diagonal length increases, the optimum hole diameter also changes according to the diagonal length.

The light emitted from the light emitting element 251 at a wide solid angle is converted by the condenser lens 253 into light that is nearly parallel and narrow in directivity, and is incident from the counter electrode (not shown) side of the display panel 254. . The observer brings the eye into close contact with the eyepiece ring 255 or the eyepiece cover 258 to view the display image on the display panel 254. That is, the position of the observer's pupil is substantially fixed. Assuming that all the pixels of the display panel 254 make light go straight, the condenser lens 253 is radiated from the light emitting element 251,
All the light that enters the effective area of the condenser lens 253 passes through the magnifying lens 256 and then enters the pupil of the observer. Since the lens 255 functions as a magnifying lens, the observer can magnify and view a small display image on the display panel 254.

In the viewfinder, since the position of the pupil of the observer is substantially fixed by the eyepiece cover 258, the directivity of the light source disposed behind it may be small. In a conventional viewfinder using a light box using a fluorescent tube as a light source, only light that travels within a small solid angle in a certain direction from an area approximately the same size as the display area of the display panel is used, and travels in other directions. No light is used. That is, the light use efficiency is very poor.

In the present invention, a light source having a small luminous body is used.
Light radiated from the light emitter at a wide solid angle is converted by the condenser lens 253 into light close to parallel. In this case, the light emitted from the condenser lens 253 has a narrow directivity. If the observer's viewpoint is fixed, the light having the narrow directivity described above is sufficient for use in a viewfinder. If the size of the luminous body is small, the power consumption is naturally small. As described above, the viewfinder of the present invention utilizes the fact that the observer views the displayed image while fixing the viewpoint. A normal direct-view liquid crystal display device requires a certain viewing angle, but a viewfinder is sufficient for use if it can observe a display image from a predetermined direction.

The condensing lens 253 has no aberration and the transmittance is 1
In the case of 00%, the luminance of the light emitter viewed through the condenser lens is equal to the luminance of the light emitter itself. Color filters, polarizing plates,
The maximum transmittance of the display panel, including the aperture ratio of the image, is 3
%, The transmittance of the condenser lens 163 is 90%, and the luminance required for the viewfinder is 15 [ft-L], the luminance required for the light source is about 560 [ft-L]. Light-emitting devices that satisfy these requirements include cathode-ray tubes, fluorescent tubes, and other light-emitting devices using the light-emitting principle, fluorescent light-emitting devices, xenon lamps,
Halogen lamp, tungsten lamp, metal halide lamp, LED, EL (Electro Lumine)
element that emits light by the action of electrons such as
PDP (Plasma Display Panel)
And those that emit light by themselves, such as those that emit light by discharge. Any of these light emitting elements may be used as the light generating means, but among them, the arc tube, the LED, and the fluorescent light emitting element are most suitable in terms of low power consumption, small size, and white light emission. Among them, Luna Pastel 07 series (arc tube with a diameter of 7 mm) manufactured by Mini Pyro Electric Co., Ltd. is most suitable because it consumes less power.

In the display panel 254, when the voltage applied to each pixel is changed, the degree of light scattering of the pixel changes. When no voltage is applied, the degree of light scattering is highest, and when the applied voltage is increased, the degree of light scattering decreases. When light with narrow directivity is incident on the display panel 254 and the degree of light scattering is changed, the amount of light incident on the pupil of the observer from the pixel changes. That is, since the brightness of the pixel as viewed from the observer changes, an image is displayed using this.

The display panel 254 is provided with a mosaic color filter (not shown). The pixel arrangement is a delta arrangement, and the number of pixels is about 100,000 pixels. The color filter transmits any one of red, green, and blue. The thickness of each color may be controlled by the components of the color filter. The film thickness of the color filter is adjusted when forming the color filter. That is, the thickness of the color filter is changed between red, green, and blue. The thickness of the liquid crystal on each pixel can be adjusted according to the color of each color filter by the thickness of the color filter. In particular, the PD liquid crystal display panel has poor scattering characteristics with respect to long-wavelength light (red light). Therefore, if the liquid crystal layer thickness of the red pixel is made larger than that of the other blue and green pixels, the scattering characteristics can be improved, and the red, green, and blue gradations can be uniformed. That is, the display panel of the present invention having the configuration shown in FIGS. 57 to 60 may be used.

[0317] A part of the light emitted from the display panel 254 enters the pupil of the observer, but the other light becomes stray light, which causes a reduction in the contrast of the displayed image. In order to avoid this problem, the inner surfaces of the body 257 and the eyepiece ring 258 are made black or dark in order to prevent reflection of light.

The condenser lens 253 has a flat surface, that is, a surface having a large radius of curvature directed toward the light emitting body 251. This is because the sine condition is easily satisfied, and the luminance uniformity of the display image on the display panel 254 is improved. However, it goes without saying that the condenser lens 253 is not limited to the above-described plano-convex lens, but may be a normal positive lens.

[0319] By adjusting the degree of insertion of the eyepiece ring 255 into the body 257, the focus can be adjusted in accordance with the eyesight of the observer. The eyepiece cover 25
8, the eye position of the observer is fixed, so that the viewpoint position hardly shifts during use of the viewfinder. If the viewpoint is fixed, even if the directivity of the light to the display panel 254 is narrow, the observer can see a good image. To make the image look better, the light emitting element 251
What is necessary is just to move the radiation direction of the light from the optimal direction.
For this reason, it is preferable that the light emitting element 251 be provided with a position adjusting mechanism so that the light emitting element 251 can slightly move back and forth or right and left.

As described above, the view finder of the present invention efficiently condenses the light radiated from the small luminous body of the light emitting element 251 at a wide solid angle by the condenser lens 253, so that the surface light source using the fluorescent tube is used. Power consumption of the light source can be significantly reduced as compared with the case where the backlight is used.

Although the display panel 24 of the present invention has been described as being a PD liquid crystal from the viewpoint of facilitating the description, the present invention is not limited to this. It may be replaced with a device that modulates light by scattering-transmission such as a dynamic scattering mode (DSM) liquid crystal. Further, it is known that a ferroelectric liquid crystal also causes a scattering phenomenon when the film thickness is relatively large. Therefore, a ferroelectric liquid crystal may be used. In addition, PLZT is known to form an optical image (perform light modulation) as a change in the light scattering state. The display panel of the present invention and the display device using the same include these.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the configuration of the array substrate used for the display panel of the present invention is a pre-stage gate type, but is not limited to this. For example, the pixel electrode 11 and the gate signal line 13 are not stacked, and an additional capacitor 44 is provided between the pixel electrode 11 and an electrode formed on another layer.
May be used as the common electrode type. In this case, the electric lines of force emitted from the gate signal line 13 are not shielded. Therefore, it is important to take measures against a lateral electric field between the gate signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 11. As a countermeasure, a low dielectric film 185, a low dielectric grain 562, or a light shielding column 571 may be formed in and near the gate signal line 13.

In the projection display device of the present invention (FIG. 22), when a polarizing plate 277 is added to the display panel of the present invention used as a light valve, the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 277 is determined by the band of the incident light. In the direction of narrow polarized light (P-polarized light or S-polarized light). Preferably, the driving method is determined in consideration of the direction of generation of the lateral electric field shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.

[0324] These technical ideas are shown in FIG.
1) The present invention is also applicable to the projection type display device of the present invention using the transmission type display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 26 as a light valve. For example, in the projection display device of FIG. 20, when the polarizing plate 71 is disposed on the light incident side of each display panel, the direction of P-polarized light and the polarizing axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 may be matched. This is because the P-polarized light has a narrower light band. In FIG. 26, the display panels 204a and 204a
The polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 disposed on the incident side of 4b is in the direction of P-polarized light, and the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 disposed on the incident side of the display panel 204c is in the direction of S-polarized light. (Figure 2
1) The projection display device shown in FIG. 23 may be similarly configured.

[0325]

The main effect of the display panel of the present invention is that light is prevented from leaking from the periphery of the pixel electrode and the display contrast is greatly improved.

In the display panel of the present invention, since the light-shielding film 15 is formed on the periphery of the pixel electrode 11 and the like, no light leaks from the periphery of the electrode 11 and a good image display can be realized. Further, since only the ITO electrode 23 is formed on the opposing substrate 21, when the opposing substrate 21 and the array substrate 22 are bonded to each other, alignment of a black matrix or the like is not required, and manufacturing is easy. Cost reduction can be expected. Further, since no black matrix shift occurs, the width of the light-shielding film 15 can be significantly reduced, and the pixel aperture ratio can be improved to realize high-luminance display. In addition, light leakage around the pixel due to the lateral electric field does not occur.

When the light shielding film 15 is a light absorbing film, the liquid crystal layer 2
4 can be prevented from being caused by halation and pixel bleeding, and the sharpness of an image can be improved. Further, since the light shielding film 16 is formed directly on the switching element such as the TFT 12, the light scattered from the liquid crystal layer 24 does not enter the TFT 12, and the photoconductor phenomenon of the TFT 12 does not occur.

The opposing substrate 21 as in the display panel of the present invention
If the black matrix is not formed, the resin component can be completely polymerized when the mixed solution of the uncured resin and the liquid crystal injected between the array substrate 22 and the counter substrate 21 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Uncured resin does not remain in the liquid crystal layer 24 under the black matrix unlike a conventional PD display panel, and it is stable against aging and has good reliability.

Further, by shielding the gate signal line 13 with a pixel electrode, the gate signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 1 are shielded.
No lateral electric field is generated between the two, and light leakage can be largely prevented. Further, by providing a region where the gate signal line 13 and the pixel electrode 11 overlap with each other at a position where the pixel electrode 11 and the source signal line 14 are adjacent to each other, the gate signal line 13 can have a function of a light shielding film. The aperture ratio can also be improved.

Further, the use of the PD liquid crystal eliminates the need for a polarizing plate, does not cause reverse tilt domains, and can realize a high brightness display twice or more as compared with a conventional TN liquid crystal display panel. . Not only can the light use efficiency be improved, but also the conversion of light into heat can be greatly reduced, and the performance of the panel is not deteriorated by heating. This is very effective when the intensity of light incident on the display panel is as large as tens of thousands lux as in a projection display device.

By covering the signal line 14 and the like with the low dielectric film 185 as shown in FIG. 34, an electric field generated from the signal line and the like can be shielded, and a horizontal electric field can be prevented. Light leakage around the electrode 11 can be prevented.
Therefore, display contrast can be improved.

Also, by forming the low dielectric pillars 562 as shown in FIG. 56, the electric field from the signal line is almost completely shielded, so that no light leakage occurs. The low dielectric pillar 562 also has a function of defining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 24. That is, it serves as a bead for defining the liquid crystal film thickness. Therefore, there is no need to spray beads. Therefore, there is no light leakage around the beads and the display contrast is good. Since there is no need to disperse beads on the pixel electrode 11, there is an effect that there is no light leakage due to the beads. As shown in (57), the low dielectric pillar 5
If the light-shielding columns 571 are colored by coloring 62, halation occurring in the liquid crystal layer 24 or the like can be prevented.

If a convex structure is used as shown in FIG.
The light 5 reflected at the interface 555 and returned to the source signal line 14
The traveling direction of 53 a is changed by the convex portion 471. Therefore, no transmitted light 554b is generated and no ghost or the like is generated.
Also, as shown in FIG. 49, the same effect can be obtained with a lower light-shielding film structure.

In the display panel of the present invention, the light reflected at the interface 555 is scattered or absorbed by the convex structure or the lower light-shielding film structure to prevent ghost and the like. The concave lens 512 or the transparent substrate 50 is provided on the light entrance / exit surface of the display panel.
By attaching 1, the ghost or the like can be prevented, and the display contrast can be further improved.

As shown in FIG. 58, by adopting the particle diameter changing structure, a good display contrast can be obtained by setting the optimum average particle diameter for the light of the color filter as described above. Further, as shown in FIG. 59, if the source signal line 14 and the like are covered with the color filter 612 and electromagnetic shielding is performed, the source signal line 14 and the like are simply covered at the same time when the color filter 612 is formed. It's easy too. The color filter is a resin material and has a relatively low relative dielectric constant, and can have the same effect as the low dielectric film 185.

As shown in FIG. 60, if the average particle diameter and the like of the liquid crystal droplets on the source signal line 14 and the like are made very small, the liquid crystal will not respond to the voltage application. The same effect as when the low dielectric pillar 562 is formed on the source signal line or the like can be obtained. In other words, if the average particle size is very small, no response is made to the lateral electric field. Therefore, light leakage from the periphery of the pixel or the like is eliminated. Further, since the light is always in the scattering state, the same effect as when the BM is formed can be obtained.

The reflection type display panel shown in FIG. 18 has a smaller liquid crystal 24 film thickness and a better contrast and a higher pixel aperture ratio than the transmission type display panel, so that high-luminance display can be performed. Can be. In addition, since there is no obstacle on the back surface of the display panel, panel cooling is easy. For example, forced air cooling and liquid cooling from the back surface can be easily performed, and a heat sink or the like can be attached to the back surface.

In the display panel of the present invention, light reflected at the interface 555 is scattered or absorbed by the convex structure or the lower light-shielding film structure to prevent ghost and the like. The ghost or the like can be prevented by adopting a configuration in which a concave lens or a transparent substrate (hereinafter, generically referred to as a transparent member) is adhered to the light input / output surface of the display panel (hereinafter, referred to as a transparent member structure). The display contrast can be improved. When the transparent member structure is used alone, a specific effect of improving the display contrast and the like can be exerted, and the effect is further enhanced by combining with the lower light-shielding film structure and the convex structure. Hereinafter, the transparent member structure will be described.

When the polarizing plate 71 is used, the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 is made to coincide with the direction in which a horizontal electric field is generated. Further, the generation direction of the lateral electric field is controlled in consideration of the driving method. By aligning the polarization axis 73 of the polarizing plate 71 with the direction in which the horizontal electric field is generated, light leakage from the periphery of the pixel electrode 11 can be completely prevented, and a high-contrast display can be performed.

In the projection type display device of the present invention, since the display panel of the present invention is employed as a light valve, a high-luminance display can be realized and a large screen of 200 inches or more can be handled. In addition, since the liquid crystal film thickness of each display panel is made thicker and / or the radius particle diameter of the water droplet liquid crystal is optimized according to the wavelength of R, G, and B light, an image display with good display contrast is realized. are doing. In addition, there is no light leakage from the periphery of the pixel, and white window display and the like are excellent.

The viewfinder of the present invention converts light radiated from a light-emitting element having a small light-emitting element into a wide solid angle into light which is close to parallel and narrow in directivity by a condenser lens, and modulates the light by a display panel to convert an image. Since the display is performed, power consumption is reduced and luminance unevenness is reduced. Good image display can be realized without light leakage from the periphery of the pixel.

In the projection display device of the present invention, when the polarizing plate 71 is used for the display panel, the polarization direction 73 of the polarizing plate 71 is made to coincide with the direction of the polarized light having a narrow band of the incident light. Therefore, the color reproducibility (color purity) of the projected image is practically sufficient.

In the projection type display device of the present invention shown in FIG. 25 or FIG. 26, the illumination light and the effective F-number of the projection lens can be beneficially and easily matched. The contrast of the projected image can be improved by reducing stray light. In particular, when a PD liquid crystal panel is used, a projected image having excellent contrast can be provided without increasing light loss. Further, it is possible to provide a projection display device that can easily adjust the brightness and white balance of a projected image without lowering the image quality.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a drive circuit of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a display panel drive circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a display panel driving method of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a display panel driving method of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the projection display apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a configuration diagram in another embodiment of the projection display apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the projection display apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an external view and a sectional view of a viewfinder according to the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of a PD liquid crystal.

FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional display panel.

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional display panel.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional display panel.

FIG. 42 is an explanatory view of a problem of a conventional display panel.

FIG. 43 is a characteristic diagram of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a characteristic diagram of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a characteristic diagram of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a characteristic diagram of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is a partial plan view of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is an explanatory diagram of a modification of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is an explanatory diagram of a modification of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 54 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 60 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 61 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is a configuration diagram of another embodiment of the projection display apparatus of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e Pixel electrode 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d TFT 13a, 13b Gate signal line 14a, 14b Source signal line 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e Light shielding film 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d BM DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Counter substrate 22 Array substrate 23 Counter electrode 24 Liquid crystal layer 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 25e, 25f Insulating film 31 Droplet liquid crystal 32 Polymer 41 Gate drive circuit 42 Source drive circuit 43 Pixel 44 Additional capacitor 51 Liquid crystal molecule 52 Electric force Lines 71a, 71b, 227a, 227b, 227c Polarizer 72 Liquid crystal display panel 73 Polarization axis 74 Lateral electric field generation direction 121 Shielding film 141 Amplifier 142 Phase division circuit 143 Output switching circuit 144 Drive control circuit 181a, 18 c dielectric film 181b opposing electrode 182,182a, 182b, 182c reflective electrode 183 connecting portions 184 insulating film 185 low dielectric film 201 light source 201a Lamp 201b concave mirror 201c UVIR cut filter 202 relay lens 203a, 203b, 203c, 223a, 223b,
223c, 266a, 266b, 266c, 266d
Dichroic mirrors 215a, 215b, 215c, 215d, 204a,
204b, 204c liquid crystal display panels 217R, 217G, 217B, 205a, 205b,
205c, 218, 221, 251 Projection lenses 206a, 206b, 206c, 208a, 208b,
208c lens group 207a, 207b, 207c aperture 213a, 213b, 213c, 222, 265a, 2
65b mirror 216R, 216G, 216B field lens 224 optical axis 225a incident light 225b outgoing light 226a, 226b, 226c display panel 228 screen 231 light coupling agent 232a, 232b light separation surface 233 auxiliary lens 234 dichroic prism 242 light input / output surface 241a, 241b, 241c Light absorbing film 252 Light emitting body 254 Input part converging lens array 255 Center converging lens array 256, 258 Aperture 257 Output part converging lens array 259 Input part converging lens 260 Central part converging lens 261 Secondary light emitter 263 Real image 264 Light Axis 267a, 267b, 267c Auxiliary lens 251 Light-emitting lamp 252 Aperture 253 Condensing lens 254 Display panel 255 Eyepiece ring 256 Eyepiece 257 Body -258 Eyepiece rubber 259 Mounting bracket 261 Incident light 262 Normal line 263 Vibration direction 264 Dichroic mirror 265 P polarization axis 266 Light separation plane 267 P polarization 268 P polarization plane 269 Polarization axis of polarizing plate 381 Polarization beam splitter 382 Light separation plane 271 BM 272 TN liquid crystal layer 273a, 273b Alignment film 401 Light valve 411 Pixel opening 412 Reverse domain region 471 Convex portion 472 Source signal line 491 Shielding film 492 Insulating film 501a, 501b Transparent substrate 502a, 502b Optical binder 511 Light absorbing film 512 Concave lens 513 Convex lens 521 Antireflection film 551 Incident light 552 Scattered light 553 Reflected light 554 Transmitted light 555 Interface 561 BM 562 Low dielectric column 563,564 Line of electric force 611a, 611b Dielectric thin film (ultraviolet ray) Absorbing film) 612a, 612b, 612c Color filter 24a, 24b, 24c Liquid crystal layer

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G02F 1/1343 G02F 1/1343 H04N 5/66 102 H04N 5/66 102A

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A first substrate on which a transmissive pixel electrode arranged in a matrix is formed; a second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed; and between the first substrate and the second substrate. A sandwiched liquid crystal layer, a color filter formed so as to overlap with the pixel electrode, and a dielectric pillar substantially matching the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and defining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer. Characteristic liquid crystal display panel. 2. A first substrate on which a transmissive pixel electrode arranged in a matrix is formed; a second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed; and between the first substrate and the second substrate. A sandwiched liquid crystal layer, a color filter formed so as to overlap the pixel electrode, a dielectric pillar substantially matching the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and defining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and a source signal line. A source driver circuit for applying a video signal, wherein the source driver circuit applies a video signal of opposite polarity to an adjacent source signal line. 3. A first substrate on which a transmissive pixel electrode arranged in a matrix is formed; a second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed; and between the first substrate and the second substrate. A sandwiched liquid crystal layer, a color filter formed so as to overlap the pixel electrode, a dielectric pillar substantially matching the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and defining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and a source signal line. A source driver circuit for applying a video signal, wherein the source driver circuit applies a video signal of opposite polarity to an adjacent source signal line, and the color filter is superimposed on the source signal line. Liquid crystal display panel. 4. A first substrate on which a transmission type pixel electrode arranged in a matrix is formed; a second substrate on which an ITO thin film serving as a counter electrode and a dielectric thin film are stacked; A liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; a color filter formed so as to overlap the pixel electrode; and a film thickness of the liquid crystal layer substantially matching the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer. A defining dielectric pillar, and a source driver circuit for applying a video signal to a source signal line, wherein the source driver circuit applies a video signal of an opposite polarity to an adjacent source signal line; The dielectric thin film is made of a material having a dielectric constant lower than the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer. The optical film thickness of the dielectric thin film is approximately λ / 4, where λ is the dominant design wavelength of light. Liquid crystal display, characterized in that the target film thickness is approximately λ / 2. Panel. 5. A first substrate on which a transmissive pixel electrode arranged in a matrix is formed; a second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed; and between the first substrate and the second substrate. A light modulating layer made of a resin material and a liquid crystal material held therebetween, a color filter formed on the pixel electrode or the counter electrode, and a dielectric thin film formed on the electrode on which the color filter is not formed. A liquid crystal display panel, wherein the dielectric thin film is patterned corresponding to each pixel electrode. 6. A first pixel that modulates light of a first color,
A first pixel in which a second pixel that modulates light of a second color and a third pixel that modulates light of a third color are formed in a matrix
A second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed; a pixel electrode of the first pixel; a first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the counter electrodes; and a second pixel A second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the counter electrodes, a third polymer-dispersed liquid crystal sandwiched between the pixel electrode of the third pixel, and the counter electrode A first polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, a second polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, and a third polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal display panel having a thickness different from that of a liquid crystal display panel. 7. A reflective electrode arranged in a matrix, a switching element for applying a signal to the reflective electrode, a first signal line for transmitting a signal for turning the switching element on and off, and a voltage applied to the pixel electrode. A first substrate on which a second signal line for transmitting a signal is formed; a second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed; a resin material sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate; A light modulating layer made of a liquid crystal material, a color filter formed on the reflective electrode and corresponding to the shape of the reflective electrode, and a dielectric thin film formed on the second substrate; A liquid crystal display panel, wherein a dielectric thin film is patterned corresponding to each reflective electrode. 8. A light modulating layer sandwiched between a reflective electrode or a pixel electrode and a dielectric thin film is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, and the average particle diameter of the liquid crystal of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is reduced. 8. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein the display panel has a predetermined diameter corresponding to the color of the color filter. 9. A liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, further comprising: a light generating unit; and a projection unit configured to project light modulated by the liquid crystal display panel. Projection display device. 10. A liquid crystal display panel according to claim 1, which modulates light emitted from the light generation means, an optical image of the liquid crystal display panel, And a magnifying display means for making the magnified optical image visible to an observer.