JPH08304606A - Reflected light absorption plate and display panel and display device formed by using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enable high-luminance and high-contrast display with a projection type display device for which a high polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel is mainly used as a light valve. CONSTITUTION: A reflected light absorption plate 23 is discriminated to plural regions by light absorption walls 20. The width (d) of one segment defined as (d), the thickness thereof as (t) and the refractive index of the absorption plate as (n) are so set as to attain the relation t>=(d/8)√(n<2> -1). The reflected light absorption plate 23 is stuck via an optical coupling layer 14 to the display panel 134 having high polymer dispersed liquid crystals as an optical modulation layer 16. The reflected light absorption plate 23 and the optical modulation layer 16 are parted a prescribed spacing (h) by taking MTF into consideration. The light 17a scattered in microregions A is reflected at the boundary 21 with the air but the light is absorbed or attenuated by a light absorption film 20 and does not return again to the optical modulation layer 16.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In a display panel in which light scattering occurs in a light modulating layer and an antireflection structure or a reflected light absorbing plate that prevents diffuse reflection of incident light in a substrate or reduces reflected light, The present invention relates to a display panel adopting a prevention structure, a projection type display device using the display panel as a light valve, a display device using the display panel as a monitor of a captured image of a video camera (hereinafter referred to as a viewfinder), and the like. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since a liquid crystal display panel has many features such as light weight and thinness as compared with a CRT, research and development have been actively conducted. Further, in recent years, it has been used as a display portion of a viewfinder of a pocket television or a video camera. However, there are many problems such as difficulty in increasing the screen. Therefore, in recent years, attention has been focused on a projection type display device which obtains a large-screen display image by enlarging and projecting a display image on a small display panel using a projection lens or the like. Incidentally, a twisted nematic (hereinafter referred to as TN) display panel utilizing the optical rotation characteristic of liquid crystal is currently used in a projection type display device and a viewfinder which are commercialized.

In a display panel using TN liquid crystal, incident light needs to be linearly polarized by using a polarizing plate (polarizer). In addition, a polarizing plate (analyzer) is required to be arranged on the emission side of the display panel to detect the light modulated by the liquid crystal display panel. That is, it is necessary to dispose two polarizing plates in front of and behind the TN display panel: a polarizer for converting light into linearly polarized light and an analyzer for detecting modulated light.
Assuming that the pixel aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display panel is 100% and the amount of light incident on the polarizer is 100, the amount of light emitted from the polarizer is 40%, the transmittance of the display panel is 80%, and the transmittance of the analyzer is 80%. Therefore, the total transmittance is 0.4.
× 0.8 × 0.8 = about 25%, and only 25% of light can be effectively used. Therefore, the TN display panel can realize only low-luminance image display.

[0004]

Most of the light lost in a polarizing plate or the like is absorbed by the polarizing plate and converted into heat. The heat heats the display panel by the polarizing plate itself and radiant heat. In the case of a projection display device, the amount of light incident on the polarizing plate is tens of thousands of lux or more. Therefore, when the TN display panel is used as the light valve of the projection type display device, the polarizing plate, the panel and the like are in a high temperature state, which causes remarkable performance deterioration in a short period of time.

Also, the TN display panel is coated with an alignment film,
Rubbing process is required. The rubbing process or the like increases the number of steps and causes an increase in manufacturing cost. In recent years, the number of pixels of a display panel used in a projection display device is 30.
It has a large capacity of over 10,000 pixels, and the pixel size tends to be miniaturized. The miniaturization of pixels means that a large number of irregularities due to signal lines, TFTs 14 and the like are formed per unit area. Obviously, the rubbing treatment cannot be performed well due to the unevenness. Further, the miniaturization of the pixel size increases the formation area of the TFT and the signal line occupying one pixel and reduces the pixel aperture ratio. As an example, when 350,000 pixels are formed on a 3-inch diagonal display panel, the pixel aperture ratio is about 30%.
Is. There is a predicted value of less than 10% when 1.5 million pixels are formed. The reduction of the pixel aperture ratio is not limited to the reduction of the brightness of the display image, and the display panel is further heated by the light emitted to the area other than the incident light opening portion.
Accelerate the performance deterioration of the display panel.

The TN liquid crystal performs optical modulation by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal by the voltage applied to the pixel electrode. Polarizing plates are respectively arranged on the incident side and the emitting side of the TN display panel, and the polarization axes of the polarizer and the analyzer are orthogonal to each other. Generally, the TN display panel is used in a mode (NW mode) in which black display can be performed in a voltage applied state.

The image displayed on the display panel in the NW mode has good color reproducibility, but a problem is light leakage from the peripheral portion of the pixel. This is because the liquid crystal molecules are not oriented in the regular direction but are oriented in the opposite direction. This orientation state is called an inverted chilled domain. This occurs because the rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules are partially reversed due to the electric field generated between the pixel electrode and the source signal line. In the portion where the rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules are reversed, the light passes through the analyzer on the light emitting surface of the panel, although the voltage is applied.
That is, light leakage occurs. Light leakage does not occur in the normal rising direction of the liquid crystal.

As a method of preventing light leakage, there is a method of widening the width of the black matrix (BM) formed on the counter electrode, but this also reduces the pixel closing area and lowers the display brightness. Therefore, it is not an effective method.

A display panel using TN liquid crystal as described below needs to use a polarizing plate. Further, since light leakage is likely to occur in the pixel peripheral portion, the BM must be thickened. Therefore, the light utilization rate is poor and the display brightness is low. B
The light applied to M will heat the display panel,
Increases panel temperature and shortens panel life.

Similarly, the projection type display device using the TN display panel as a light valve also has a low light utilization rate and the screen brightness of the projected image is low. Therefore, a projection display device using a polymer dispersed (PD) display panel that does not use a polarizing plate has been proposed. As an example, JP-A-3-94225
The ones described in Japanese Patent Publication are listed. A PD display panel as a light valve used in a projection display device performs light modulation by scattering or transmitting incident light.

Operation of PD display panel (see FIG. 70)
A brief description will be given using (a) and (b). (Fig. 70
(A) (b) is explanatory drawing of operation | movement of PD display panel. In FIG. 70 (a) (b), the polymer 692
Water-drop-shaped liquid crystal inside (hereinafter referred to as water-drop liquid crystal 691)
Are distributed. A TFT (not shown) or the like is connected to the pixel electrode 101, and a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 101 by turning the TFT on and off to change the liquid crystal alignment direction on the pixel electrode 101 to modulate light. As shown in FIG. 70 (a), in the state in which no voltage is applied, each water droplet liquid crystal 691 is oriented in an irregular direction. In this state, a difference in refractive index occurs between the polymer 692 and the water droplet liquid crystal 691, and the incident light is scattered.

Here, as shown in FIG. 70B, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 101, the directions of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned. If the refractive index when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a certain direction is matched with the refractive index of the polymer 692 in advance, incident light is emitted from the array substrate 12 without being scattered.

The PD display panel also has a problem. Liquid crystal layer 1
The light scattered by 6 is reflected at the interface between the array substrate 12 and the air and at the interface between the counter substrate 11 and the air, and diffusely reflected between the liquid crystal layer 16 and the substrates 11 and 12 to lower the display contrast.

A method for preventing the display contrast from being lowered due to the irregular reflection is described in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277. By attaching a thick transparent substrate or the like to the display panel and forming a light absorbing film on the side surface of the transparent substrate, irregular reflection is prevented.

However, according to the technical idea disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the transparent substrate or the like. Especially in a large-sized display panel having a large display area, the thickness of the transparent substrate must be extremely increased. This is because the thickness of the transparent substrate is proportional to the facing length of the effective display area.

The thicker the transparent substrate, the heavier the display device becomes. Therefore, it is inconvenient to carry. Further, when a display panel having the transparent substrate mounted as a light valve is used in a projection type display device, it is too large to be arranged in the optical block. This is because it is necessary to arrange the light valve in a limited space (between the dichroic mirror for color separation and the dichroic mirror for color composition), and the space is limited by the back focus of the projection lens and the like. In order to increase the back focus of the projection lens, usually the number of projection lenses used increases. This directly leads to increased costs. Further, in order to obtain a sufficient transparent substrate space, the optical block becomes large, which directly leads to an increase in system size and weight.

[0017]

The display device of the present invention has a structure in which an antireflection film is attached to the light incident / emission surface of the display panel as a substrate. The reflected light absorbing plate and the display panel are attached to each other with a transparent medium (for example, silicon gel) having a refractive index equal to that of the substrate forming the display panel.

In the reflected light absorbing plate, a member having a light transmitting property is divided into a plurality of regions by a light absorbing film formed in the thickness direction. When the maximum width of the region divided by the light absorbing film is d, the height of the light absorbing film is t, and the refractive index of the member is n, the following conditions are satisfied.

[0019]

[Equation 10]

Preferably, the reflected light absorbing plate has a two-layer structure including a region where a light absorbing film is formed and a region of a transparent plate. Therefore, the display panel has a structure in which the transparent plate region and the region where the light absorbing film is formed are sequentially stacked. In addition, black paint or the like is applied to the ineffective area (area where light does not enter or exit) of the reflected light absorbing plate.

The projection type display device and the viewfinder of the present invention use the display device of the present invention as a light valve. As the light separating means, a dichroic prism or a polarization beam splitter (hereinafter, P
When a prism such as BS) is used, a display panel is attached to the prism. Further, a black paint or the like is applied to the invalid area of the prism.

Further, in order to improve the display contrast, the first diaphragm is arranged on the exit side of the illumination optical system and the second diaphragm is arranged in the projection lens. The first diaphragm and the second diaphragm are conjugated with each other.

[0023]

[Operation] The light scattered by the liquid crystal layer enters the reflected light absorbing plate,
Light incident on the interface between the reflected light absorbing plate and the air at an angle equal to or greater than the critical angle is totally reflected. A light absorbing film is formed in a vertical shape in the reflected light absorbing plate. The height of the vertical attachment and the diagonal length of the area surrounded by the vertical attachment (Equation 10)
When the relationship of is maintained, the reflected light is absorbed by the light absorbing film. Therefore, the light returning to the liquid crystal layer is reduced or eliminated again.

When the display device of the present invention is used as a light valve in a projection type display device, the light absorbing film in the reflected light absorbing plate of the display device also blocks light emitted from the liquid crystal layer. When the distance from the liquid crystal layer to the region where the light absorbing film is formed is set to a certain value or more, the light absorbing film is less likely to appear in the projected image. That is, the modulation transfer function (modul
ation transfer function (MTF) decreases. M
When the TF is 20% or less, the light absorption film is hardly visible in the projected image. As described above, in order to make the light absorbing film difficult to see, the transparent substrate is arranged in the display panel and the reflected light absorbing plate.

[0025]

[Example] As described in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277, one of the causes for lowering display contrast in a PD display panel is generation of secondary scattered light. What is secondary scattered light?
The light scattered by the liquid crystal layer is reflected at the interface between the counter substrate and the air and the reflected light is again incident on the liquid crystal layer and scattered (secondary scattering). The secondary scattered light significantly reduces the display contrast of the PD display panel.

For the problem that the display contrast is reduced by the secondary scattering, a reflected light absorbing plate having a light absorbing film formed in a predetermined relationship is used.

First, for ease of understanding, a model of the display device of the present invention will be described. An explanatory view of a display device which is an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. It is assumed that the light modulation layer 16 is sandwiched between the entrance-side substrate 11 and the exit-side substrate 12. The emitting side substrate 14 may be considered to be an array substrate in which a transparent plate (such as a glass substrate) is optically coupled. The term "optically coupled" means that the substrates are adhered or joined with a transparent material having a refractive index substantially equal to that of the substrates. In other words, it is a condition that the reflected light at the substrate interface is almost eliminated.

In FIG. 1, no voltage is applied to the light modulation layer 16, and a minute region 1 around the point A in the display region is used.
Consider a case in which only thin parallel light is irradiated to only three. The light incident on the minute region 13 becomes scattered light 17a and is scattered. The scattered light 17a reaches the emission surface 21. When the angle θ ₀ between the exit surface 21 and the scattered light 17a is less than or equal to the critical angle, it becomes a transmitted light ray 18. When the angle is equal to or greater than the critical angle, it becomes the reflected light ray 19. When the reflected light beam 19 is incident on the light modulation layer 16 again, the light 1
9 is scattered again and becomes scattered light 17b, which is emitted forward.
This corresponds to the formation of the secondary light source in the light modulation layer 16. In this way, the reflected light ray 19 again enters the light modulation layer 16 and is scattered, which is called secondary scattering, and the light is called secondary scattered light.

When the incident angle θ ₀ is equal to or larger than the total reflection angle, the light is totally reflected at the interface 21. The angle θ of total reflection is represented by the following equation.

[0030]

[Equation 11]

However, n is the refractive index of the substrate 12 or the reflected light absorbing plate 23. Assuming that the refractive index n of the plate is 1.52, which is the refractive index of general glass, the total reflection angle θ = 42 degrees according to (Equation 11). If there is no light absorption film 20 as shown in (FIG. 1), the brightness distribution of the angular emission light from the light modulation layer 16 becomes the optical ring 43 of (FIG. 3) of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-145277. Also, a luminance distribution is generated as shown in (FIG. 2) of the publication.

When the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is arranged, the reflected light 19 enters the light absorbing film 20 and is absorbed. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is specifically exemplified by the shape of (FIG. 2) or (FIG. 3). In FIG. 2, the light absorbing film 20 is applied to the periphery of the transparent column 15. Examples of the transparent column 15 include glass, acrylic, and polycarbonate, and examples of the light absorbing film include black paint. As the application form of the black paint, a state in which it is formed by a vapor deposition technique, a thick film technique or the like is illustrated. The light absorbing film is not limited to black only, and may be any film as long as it absorbs the light modulated by the display panel 134. For example, when the display panel modulates blue light, a resin mixed with a dye that absorbs blue light can be used.

As shown in FIG. 3, a light absorbing film 20 having a hexagonal shape may be previously formed, and the hole may be filled with a transparent material such as silicon gel, acrylic resin or glass.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the thickness S of the light absorption film 20 is made as thin as possible. This is because when the film thickness S is large, the area where light enters and exits is reduced (aperture ratio), and the display brightness is reduced. However, the light absorption efficiency of the light absorption film must be kept high. When the reflected light 19 enters the light absorption film and is emitted, the emitted light must be 20% or less with respect to the intensity of the incident light. This is because the emitted light causes secondary scattered light and reduces the display contrast.

The display device of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277 is
The array substrate or the like is configured to be thick (or a thick transparent substrate is attached to the array substrate to be thick), and a light absorbing film is formed in an ineffective region of the transparent substrate or the like. On the other hand, the display device of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
2 has a configuration in which a reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is divided into small regions by the light absorbing film 20 as shown in FIG. When the diagonal length of the small region is d, the height of the light absorption film 20 is t, and the refractive index of the transparent body 15 is n, the following relationship is satisfied.

[0036]

(Equation 12)

The formula (12) is expressed in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-14527.
It is the same as (Equation 29) in No. 7. That is, the thickness t of the transparent substrate of (FIG. 1) or (FIG. 5A) of the above publication,
Effective diagonal length d of display area, refractive index n of transparent substrate, light absorbing film 46, height t of transparent body 15 of the present invention (FIG. 2), diagonal length d of transparent body 15, refraction of transparent body It may be considered that the light absorption film 20 is replaced with the rate n.

As can be understood from Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277 (Equation 29), t and d have a proportional relationship. Therefore, if the diagonal length d is small, the height d can also be small. In the present invention, in order to reduce the thickness of the transparent substrate, the substrate is divided into small regions, and a light absorption film is formed in each small region. That is, the smaller the area is, the smaller the diagonal length d of the small area becomes, so that the height t of the transparent body 15 can be made smaller, and the reflected light absorbing plate 23 can also be made thinner.

From the above, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277
The content described in FIG. 1 (FIG. 1) can be considered by replacing it with the description of the transparent body 15 in (FIG. 2) of this specification. Therefore, the theory, contents, effects, etc. of the above publication can be applied to the present invention as they are.

The reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the light modulation layer 16 must be separated by a certain distance. This is because the light absorption film shields part of the light modulation layer 16. This problem is important when the display device of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device. This is because when the light absorption film 20 is close to the light modulation layer 16 (that is, the image plane), it appears as a shadow in the projected image.

The degree of appearance of the shadow is MTF (modula
transfer function). In other words, it depends on the design of the projection lens. (Fig. 4) shows vertical axis MT
F (%) and the horizontal axis indicate the position from the optimum image forming point.
The optimum coupling point has the highest resolution, and the MTF decreases with each departure from the point (each time defocus occurs).

The projection lens used in the projection type display device is
A design in which the MTF is high as shown in (a) of FIG. 4 and the MTF sharply decreases when the focus is slightly deviated (for example, a projection lens compatible with high-definition) may be provided even if the focus position is slightly deviated as shown in b. A design in which the MTF does not change much is also possible.

In the present invention, the reflected light absorbing plate 23 can be made thin by dividing the transparent substrate into small areas by the light absorbing film 20. However, if the light absorption film 20 appears as a shadow on the projected image, the image quality is degraded. Therefore, the light absorption film 20
And the light modulation layer 16 (image plane) are separated by a certain distance. The distance is h shown in (Fig. 1) (Fig. 4)
Is. The distance h is an indication that the MTF is 20% or less. It is preferably 10% or less. When the MTF is 20% or less, it is considered that the region is usually difficult to be visually recognized.

As described above, the distance h is a value that changes depending on the design of the projection lens. In other words, the MTF required for the projection lens is determined by the pixel pitch of the display device of the present invention or the required resolution, and the distance h from the MTF is determined. The distance h is set to a predetermined value by forming the thickness of the array substrate 12 or a glass substrate attached to the array substrate to be thick.

When the light absorbing wall 20 of the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the pixel electrode 101 of the display panel 134 are too close to each other, moire occurs due to interference between the pixel electrode 101 of the display panel or the signal line 103 and the periodic structure of the light absorbing film 20. , Display quality is degraded.

Regarding the moire, when the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal display panel 43 is P _d and the louver pitch is P _r , the generated moire pitch P is

[0047]

(Equation 13)

It is expressed as follows. The maximum moire pitch is the minimum

[0049]

[Equation 14]

In this case, the larger the value of n, the smaller the degree of moire modulation. P _r / P to satisfy (Equation 14)
_You should decide _d .

As a matter of course, the influence of moire can also be reduced by separating the position where the light absorption wall 20 is formed and the light modulation layer 16.

At least one of the reflected light absorbing plate 23, the counter substrate 11 and the array substrate 12 is optically coupled with the optical coupling layer 14. An example of the material for the optical coupling layer is an ultraviolet curable adhesive. Many of the adhesives have a refractive index close to that of the glass forming the counter substrate 11 and the like, and are sufficient for this purpose. Further, it is not limited to the ultraviolet curable adhesive, and transparent silicone resin or the like can be used. Besides, an epoxy-based transparent adhesive, a liquid such as ethylene glycol, or the like can be used. It should be noted that air is not mixed into the optical coupling layer 14 when the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is bonded to the counter substrate 11 or the like. If there is an air layer, the image quality becomes abnormal due to the difference in refractive index. The optical coupling between the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the counter substrate 11 or the like is called optical coupling.

Although the plate having the light absorbing film 20 formed thereon is the reflected light absorbing plate 23, the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the transparent substrate 24 are used.
The one in which and are bonded together, or the one having an integrated structure is referred to as a reflected light absorbing plate 23. This is because the transparent substrate 24 functions as a means for keeping a constant distance from the light modulation layer 16, and further, one transparent substrate 24 is processed to a certain depth, and the light absorption film 20 is formed by the processing. This is also possible.

Now, in (Equation 12), the refractive index of the transparent body 15 is 1.
Substituting 52 results in t / d≈0.3.

The result of actually confirming the effect of the light absorption film 20 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the panel is irradiated with parallel rays, and the brightness of the light modulation layer is measured from the emission side. The brightness B means that the thickness t of the emission side substrate 12 is extremely thin with respect to the diagonal length of the effective display area, and the light absorption film 2
It is the luminance measured when there is no zero. Specifically, d = 50
The thickness of the emission side substrate is 1 (mm) (t =
0, h = 1). Be is the luminance when the thickness M of the MTF is 10% or less and the thickness t of the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is changed. In FIG. 5B, the vertical axis represents the luminance ratio (Be / B).
And the horizontal axis is the relative substrate thickness (t / d). (Fig. 5
From (b)), t / d = 0.3 is constant and t / d <
It can be seen that when 0.3, the rate of decrease in the brightness ratio (Be / B) is large.

A small luminance ratio means a high display contrast. According to FIG. 5 (b), t / d = 0.
It can be seen that the contrast improvement effect is sufficient at 25 to 0.3 or more, and that t / d = 0.15, which is 1/2 of the above t / d, is in the practical range. Therefore, the refractive index n of the substrate
= 1.52, t / d is preferably 0.15 or more, and more preferably (t / d) is 0.3 or more. From the above, there is no practical problem even if it is 1/2 of the condition of (Equation 12). Therefore, the relationship between the thickness t of the reflected light absorbing plate and the diagonal length d of the transparent body may satisfy the following (Equation 15).

[0057]

(Equation 15)

It should be noted that in the ineffective areas (areas which are not paths of incident / emitted light to / from the display panel) such as the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the array substrate, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277 (FIG. 5) is used.
The light absorption film 46 shown in FIG.
It is preferable to form the light absorption film 51) of (a)). This is because the generation of secondary scattered light can be suppressed more reliably.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the relative substrate thickness t / d and the luminance ratio Be / B have a predetermined relationship (Equation 1).
It is practically sufficient to satisfy the relationship of 5), and it is more preferable to satisfy the relationship of (Equation 12). If the thickness of the reflected light absorbing plate 23 becomes large, the reflected light absorbing plate 23 cannot fit inside the optical block. If the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is made too thin, 2
The effect of preventing secondary scattered light is reduced. Further, the light absorption film 20 approaches the light modulation layer 16, and the image of the light absorption film 20 is projected on the projection image. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a certain distance from the light modulation layer 16 to the formation position of the light absorption film 20 by the transparent substrate 24, and the distance is determined by MTF. The MTF is 20% or less, preferably 10% or less. More preferably, it is 5% or less. If it is 5% or less, it will not normally be recognized that the image of the light absorbing film 20 is formed on the projected image.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the display area 61 is illustrated as being subdivided into the minute areas by the light absorption film 20, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example,
As shown in (FIG. 6A), the display region 61 is divided into two, the display region 61 is divided into four as shown in FIG. 6B, or the circular light absorption as shown in FIG. 6C. A configuration in which the film 20 is divided into two regions is also conceivable. Whether or not the display area 61 is subdivided by the light absorption film 20 is determined by setting the effect of the brightness ratio Be / B in (FIG. 5B) and the thickness of the reflected light absorption plate 23. It depends on how much is acceptable. When the thickness of the reflected light absorbing film 23 is sufficiently allowable, the light absorbing film 20 is divided in order to prevent the light absorbing film 20 from being projected as a shadow and to obtain a sufficient effect of the brightness ratio Be / B. A lower number would be preferable. On the contrary, when the light absorbing film 20 can be projected as a shadow and projected, and the space for arranging the light valve in the optical block is limited, the number of divisions by the light absorbing film 20 should be increased.

FIG. 1 illustrates the display panel that displays an image on the light modulation layer 16 as a change in the light scattering state of polymer dispersed liquid crystal or the like. However, the technical idea of the present invention is that the reflected light absorbing plate 23 absorbs the light reflected at the interface with the air and prevents the light from entering the modulation layer again. Therefore, the light modulation layer 16 should not be limited to one that displays an image as a change in the light scattering state. For example, an optical image may be formed as a change in the diffraction state. Display panels for forming an optical image as a change in the diffraction state are disclosed in JP-A-48-22047, JP-A-54-157643, and JP-A-60-16502.
No. 9, JP 61-13223, and JP 61
For example, JP-A-86727, JP-A-62-235925, US Pat. No. 5,299,289 and the like are exemplified.
Generally, the display panel has a structure in which a diffraction grating is formed on one of two electrode substrates and liquid crystal is filled between the two substrates.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a light valve in which the reflected light absorbing film 23 is arranged on the display panel 134 which performs light modulation by diffraction. Transparent electrode 72b on glass substrate 75b
A diffraction grating 74 is formed on the top. Only the transparent electrode 72a is formed on one glass substrate 75b. A twisted nematic liquid crystal or polymer dispersed liquid crystal 73 is sandwiched between the transparent electrodes 72a and 72b. Liquid crystal layer 7
The refractive index of 3 is n when the voltage is applied between the electrodes 72a and 72b and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically.
_o and the refractive index when no voltage is applied is nx. Further, the refractive index of the diffraction grating is n _p, and n _o ≈n _p . When a strong voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 73, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 73 is a n _o next n _o ≒ n _p, the refractive index distribution in the liquid crystal layer 16 is eliminated. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 73 is n _x and n _x ≠ n _p , so that a periodic refractive index distribution is generated in the liquid crystal layer 16 and the incident light 22 is Be diffracted. The intensity of the diffracted light can be changed by changing the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 16. As described above, the diffraction state of the incident light 22 can be changed and an optical image can be formed.

There are two types of diffraction grating 74, a one-dimensional diffraction grating and a two-dimensional diffraction grating. The one-dimensional diffraction grating is a diffraction grating formed in a stripe shape, and the two-dimensional diffraction grating is a dot-shaped diffraction grating formed in a matrix shape. As shown in FIG. 8A, in the one-dimensional diffraction grating, when the light spot 81a is irradiated, multi-dimensional light spots 81b, 81c, 81d ... Appear in the left and right directions. When the two-dimensional diffraction grating irradiates the light spot 81a as shown in FIG. 8B, the multi-dimensional light spots 81b, 81c, 81d.
..., 81e, 81f, 81g ..

As shown in FIG. 7, multi-order diffracted light 71
Is reflected at the interface 21 with the air and tries to return to the modulation layer 16 again. However, since the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is arranged, the diffracted light 71 enters the light absorbing film 20 and is absorbed and disappeared. In this case, it should be considered that the reflected light absorbing plate 23 does not suppress the secondary scattered light, but suppresses the phenomenon in which the diffracted light enters the light modulation layer 16 and is diffracted again (re-diffracted light). As for other matters, the contents described in (FIG. 1) are applied as they are. Further, the effects shown in (FIG. 5) or the relationships of (Equation 12) and (Equation 15) are directly applied to the configuration of (FIG. 7).

As shown in FIG. 8A, the one-dimensional diffraction grating diffracts light only in the horizontal direction (or the vertical direction).
Only one direction is required as shown in (a)). Therefore,
The display region 61 may be divided into stripes by the light absorption film 20 formed on the reflected light absorption plate 23, as shown in FIG. 9A. However, in the case of the two-dimensional diffraction grating shown in (FIG. 8B), the light absorption film 20 should be formed in a matrix as shown in (FIG. 9B).

The reflected light absorbing film 23 is not limited to the plate-like one as shown in FIG. 14 and may be a concave lens-like one as shown in FIG. 15 for example. The effect of forming a concave lens shape is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277 (Fig. 4).
Explained in. The configuration of a projection type display device using a light valve to which the concave lens is attached is also shown in (FIG. 8) (FIG. 9) of the publication. Furthermore, the counter substrate 12
The transparent substrate 24 and the transparent substrate 24 may be integrated (FIG. 16). It should be noted that the antireflection film 14 is formed on the interface 21 in order to prevent reflected light from the surface in contact with the reflected light absorbing film 23 and air.
1 is formed. Further, as a matter of course, as shown in FIG. 17, the transparent substrate 24 is attached to the display panel 134 with the optical coupling layer 14a, and the reflected light absorption film 23 is attached to the transparent substrate 24 with the optical coupling layer 24b. The configuration may be different.

The antireflection film 141 has a three-layer structure or two layers.
There is a layer structure. In the case of three layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a wide wavelength band of visible light, and this is called a multi-coat. In the case of two layers, it is used to prevent reflection in a specific visible light wavelength band, and this is called a V coat. The multi coat and the V coat are used properly according to the use of the display panel. Usually, the V-coat is used when the display panel is used as a light valve of the projection type display device, and the multi-coat is used when the display panel is used as the direct-view type panel.

Aluminum oxide in the case of multi-coat
(Al₂O₃) Has an optical film thickness of nd = λ / 4, zirconium
Mu (ZrO₂) Is nd₁= Λ / 2, magnesium fluoride
(MgF ₂) Is nd₁= Λ / 4 stacked layers. Normal,
As λ is 520 nm or its value is
It is formed. In the case of V coat, silicon monoxide (Si
O) is the optical film thickness nd₁= Λ / 4 and magnesium fluoride
(MgF₂) Is nd₁= Λ / 4 or yttrium oxide
Mu (Y₂O₃) And magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) Is nd₁
= Λ / 4 stacked layers. Note that SiO is absorbed on the blue side.
Y when modulating blue light because there is a convergence band₂O₃Using
It's better. Also, from the stability of the substance, Y₂O₃Is cheaper
It is preferable because it has been set. Also, n is the refraction of each thin film.
Rate, d₁Is the physical thickness of the thin film, and λ is the design dominant wavelength.
It

(FIG. 14) (FIG. 15), etc. are displayed on the display panel 13.
The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to or arranged on the No. 4 structure. Further, as shown in FIG. 18, the light absorption film 20 may be directly formed on the counter substrate 12 or the array substrate 11 of the display panel 134. (FIG. 18A) shows an embodiment in which the light absorption film 20a is formed only on the counter substrate 20 (FIG. 18B) shows the array substrate 11 and the counter substrate 12.
This is an example in which the light absorption film 20 is formed on both sides.

With the structure as shown in FIG. 18, the reflected light absorbing film 23 is not necessary. The counter substrate 12 or the like is the reflected light absorbing plate 2
This is because it functions as 3. However, there is a problem that the light modulation layer 16 is blocked by the light absorption film 20 depending on the direction of the field of view. However, it has many uses. This is because there is a display device whose view direction is fixed. For example later (Fig. 6
It is the viewfinder shown in 1).

The position where the light absorbing film 20 is formed is not limited to the interface 21 with the air in the reflected light absorbing plate 23. For example (FIG. 19), not only the position a close to the interface 21 with air, but also the intermediate position b, or the position c close to the counter substrate 12 or the like. This is because these positions may be determined in consideration of the ease of forming the light absorption film 20 and the relationship with the MTF shown in FIG.

Further, in the display panel of the present invention (FIG. 20)
Various modifications are possible as shown in FIG. This description is given in the description of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277 (FIG. 11), so refer to the contents of the above-mentioned application.

Hereinafter, the display layer of the present invention will be described focusing on the one using the polymer dispersed liquid crystal as the modulation layer 16 (see FIG. 1).
Further description will be given with reference to 3) and the like.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the display panel of the present invention. The counter substrate 11 and the array substrate 12 are glass substrates, have a thickness of 1.1 mm, and the glass substrate has a refractive index n of 1.52. ITO on the array substrate 12
The pixel electrode 101 made of, a TFT 131 as a switching element for applying a signal to the pixel electrode 101, various signal lines (not shown), and the like are formed. As the switching element, in addition to the TFT, a ring diode, a two-terminal element such as MIM, or a varicap,
A thyristor element or the like may be used.

In the present specification and claims, the substrates (for example, substrates 11, 12, 23, 24) are not limited to glass substrates. For example, a plate made of a resin such as acrylic or polycarbonate may be used. Further, a film or sheet made of the above resin or the like may be used.

A light shielding film 132 is formed on the TFT 131. The light shielding film 132 mainly prevents the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 16 from entering the semiconductor layer of the TFT 131. When light enters the semiconductor layer, a photoconductor phenomenon (hereinafter referred to as photocon) occurs in which the TFT 131 is not turned off or the off resistance of the TFT 131 is reduced. As a material for forming the light shielding film 132, an acrylic resin in which carbon is dispersed is exemplified. In addition, an optimal mixture of various primary color pigments (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow pigments), Si on the TFT 131
A method of forming an insulating thin film with O ₂ or the like and patterning a metal thin film as a light shielding film on the insulating thin film is also exemplified. There is also a method in which amorphous silicon is vapor-deposited thickly to form a light-shielding film. Further, the TFT 131 preferably employs an inverted stagger structure in which a semiconductor layer is formed under the gate.

In the PD display panel, the TFT 131
Is preferably formed by polysilicon technology so that photocon is less likely to occur. What is polysilicon technology?
High temperature polysilicon technology, which is a semiconductor technology for producing C,
It also includes low-temperature polysilicon technology for forming an amorphous silicon film, which has been actively developed in recent years, and crystallizing the film. In particular, it is preferable to form the TFT 131 by a low-temperature polysilicon technology that can incorporate a drive circuit and can manufacture a panel at low cost. In the TFT 131 formed by the above technique, the occurrence of the photoconductor phenomenon is much less likely to occur as compared with the TFT formed by the amorphous silicon technique currently put into practical use in pocket televisions and the like. Therefore, it is most suitable for a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel that performs light modulation by scattering-transmission.

When the light-shielding film 132 is made of resin, any light-absorbing material contained in the resin may be used as long as it has a high electric insulating property and does not adversely affect the liquid crystal layer 16. For example, a black dye or pigment dispersed in resin may be used, or gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acid dye like a color filter. As an example of the black dye, it is possible to use a single fluoran dye that turns black, or to use a color-arranged black in which a green dye and a red dye are mixed.

Although the above materials are all black materials,
When the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device, it is not limited to this. The projection type display device is a device in which three display panels modulate light of three colors of R, G and B, respectively. The light shielding film 132 of the display panel that modulates the R light may absorb the R light.
That is, in order to absorb a specific wavelength, for example, a light absorbing material for a color filter may be used after being improved so as to obtain a desired light absorbing characteristic. Basically, similarly to the above-mentioned black absorbing material, it is possible to use a material in which a natural resin is dyed with a dye or a dye is dispersed in a synthetic resin. The range of selection of the dye is wider than that of the black dye, and an appropriate one selected from azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, and the like, or a combination of two or more thereof may be used. Further, as a measure against impurities in the light absorption film, it is possible to remove the alkali metal in the dye (pigment).

Many black pigments such as carbon adversely affect the liquid crystal layer 16. Therefore, its use is not preferable. Therefore, it is preferable to employ a dye capable of absorbing a specific wavelength as a dye contained in the light absorbing thin film as described above.

It is easy to adopt in a projection type display device using three display panels for R light, B light and G light as light valves. In other words, for the color of the modulated light,
A dye having a complementary color relationship may be contained in the light shielding film 132. The complementary color relationship is, for example, yellow for B light. The light absorption thin film colored in yellow absorbs B light. Therefore, the display panel that modulates the B light forms the yellow light shielding film 132.

If the light shielding film 132 is made of resin, the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer 16 and the array substrate 11 is improved. This is because the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 16 contains a resin component. Peeling easily occurs between the liquid crystal layer 16 and especially the ITO forming the pixel electrode 101 and the like. When the light shielding film 132 made of resin is formed on the TFT 131 or the like, the light shielding film 132 does not serve as a buffer layer and is not peeled off. From this point, it is preferable to employ a light-shielding film made of resin.

P is placed between the counter electrode 102 and the pixel electrode 101.
The D liquid crystal 16 is sandwiched. The liquid crystal material used for the display panel of the present invention is preferably a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, or a cholesteric liquid crystal, and may be a single liquid crystal compound or a mixture of two or more liquid crystal compounds or a mixture containing a substance other than the liquid crystal compound.

Among the above-mentioned liquid crystal materials, a cyanobiphenyl nematic liquid crystal having a relatively large difference between the extraordinary light refractive index n _e and the ordinary light refractive index n _o , or a fluorine-based or chlorinated compound which is stable with time. System nematic liquid crystals are preferred,
Among them, the chloro nematic liquid crystal is the most preferable because it has good scattering characteristics and hardly changes with time.

A transparent polymer is preferable as the polymer matrix material, and as the polymer, a photo-curing type resin is used in terms of easiness of manufacturing process, separation from the liquid crystal phase and the like. As a specific example, an ultraviolet curable acrylic resin is exemplified, and a resin containing an acrylic monomer or an acrylic oligomer which is polymerized and cured by ultraviolet irradiation is particularly preferable. Among them, a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group is preferable because it can form the light modulation layer 16 having good scattering characteristics and is less likely to change over time.

It is preferable that the liquid crystal material has an ordinary light refractive index n ₀ of 1.49 to 1.54, and particularly, an ordinary light refractive index n ₀ of 1.50 to 1.53. Is preferable to use. Further, it is preferable to use one having a refractive index difference Δn of 0.15 or more and 0.30 or less. As n ₀ and Δn increase, heat resistance and light resistance deteriorate. When n ₀ and Δn are small, heat resistance and light resistance are improved, but scattering characteristics are lowered and display contrast is not sufficient.

From the above, as a constituent material of the light modulation layer 16, a chloro nematic liquid crystal having an ordinary refractive index n ₀ of 1.50 to 1.53 and Δn of 0.20 or more and 0.30 or less. It is preferable to use a photocurable acrylic resin having a fluorine group as the resin material.

As such a polymer-forming monomer,
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol acrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate and the like.

Examples of the oligomer or prepolymer include polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate and polyurethane acrylate.

A polymerization initiator may be used in order to carry out the polymerization rapidly, and as an example, 2-hydroxy-2 is used.
-Methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one ("Darocur 1173" manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.), 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1
-ON (“Darocur 1116” manufactured by Merck), 1-vidroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (“Irgacure 184” manufactured by Ciba-Gaiki), benzyl methyl ketal (“Irgacure 651” manufactured by Ciba-Geigy), and the like. In addition, a chain transfer agent, a photosensitizer, a dye, a cross-linking agent and the like can be appropriately used in combination as optional components.

The refractive index n _p when the resin material is cured
And the ordinary refractive index n _o of the liquid crystal are made to substantially match.
When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in one direction, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer becomes n _o . Therefore, the refractive index n _{p of the} resin matches, and the liquid crystal layer is in a light transmitting state. If the difference between the refractive indexes n _p and n _o is large, the liquid crystal layer does not become completely transparent even when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, and the display brightness decreases. Refractive index difference between the refractive index n _p and n _o is preferably within 0.1, more within 0.05 are preferred.

The proportion of the liquid crystal material in the PD liquid crystal layer is not specified here, but is generally about 30 to 90% by weight, preferably about 60 to 90% by weight. When it is 30% by weight or less, the amount of liquid crystal droplets is small and the scattering effect is poor. On the other hand, when it is 90% by weight or more, the polymer and the liquid crystal tend to be phase-separated into upper and lower two layers, the ratio of the interface becomes small, and the scattering property is deteriorated. The structure of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer changes depending on the liquid crystal fraction, and at about 50% by weight or less, the liquid crystal droplets exist as independent droplets.
When it is 50% by weight or more, the polymer and the liquid crystal form a continuous layer intricately intermingled with each other.

The average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is 0.5 μm or more and 3.0 μm or more.
The following is preferable. Above all, 0.8 μm or more 2
μm or less is preferable. When the light modulated by the PD display panel has a short wavelength (for example, B light), it is small, and when it has a long wavelength (for example, R light), it is large. If the average particle size of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore size of the polymer network is large, the voltage for making the liquid crystal in a transparent state is low, but the scattering property is low. When it is small, the scattering property is improved, but the voltage for making it in the transmissive state is high.

When a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is used for the display panel of the present invention, the average particle size of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore size of the polymer network of the display panel for modulating blue light is a display panel for modulating red light. It is smaller than that.

The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal referred to in the present invention is a liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal is dispersed in a resin (see FIG. 70), the resin has a sponge shape (polymer network), and the liquid crystal is filled between the sponge shapes. And the like, and the other applications filed by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. are JP-A-6-208126, JP-A-6-202085, and JP-A-6-34.
It also includes that the resin as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 7818 is layered. Further, it also includes one in which liquid crystal is enclosed in a capsule-shaped accommodating medium as in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-52843. Further, a liquid crystal or resin 692 containing a dichroic or polychromatic dye is also included. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-347765 discloses a similar structure.

An example of the PD liquid crystal display panel adopted in the present invention is described in JP-A-4-213874, which is to be referred to.

The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 16 is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 μm, more preferably 8 to 15 μm. If the film thickness is thin, the scattering characteristics are poor and the contrast cannot be obtained. On the contrary, if it is thick, high voltage driving must be performed, and a gate drive circuit that generates a signal for turning on and off the TFT 131 on the gate signal line and a video signal on the source signal line. It becomes difficult to design a source drive circuit that applies a voltage.

To control the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer 16, black glass beads 121 or black glass fibers, or black resin beads 121 or black resin fibers are used. In particular, black glass beads or black glass fibers are preferable because they have a very high light absorption property and are hard so that the number of them scattered on the liquid crystal layer 16 can be small.

Although the beads and fibers are black in the above description, the present invention is not limited to this when the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection type display device. The projection type display device has three display panels R,
The light of three colors of G and B is modulated respectively. The beads 121 and the like used for the display panel that modulates R light are R
It should absorb light. That is, the beads 121 containing a dye having a complementary color relationship with the color of light to be modulated may be used.

The liquid crystal layer 16 scatters incident light (displays black) when no voltage is applied. When transparent beads are used, light is leaked from the beads even in black display, and the display contrast is lowered. Like the display panel of the present invention, if black glass beads or black glass fibers are used, light leakage does not occur and good display contrast can be realized.

It is effective to form the insulating film 123 on at least one of the pixel electrode 101 and the counter electrode 102 as shown in FIG. TN as the insulating film 123
Alignment film such as polyimide used for liquid crystal display panels,
Organic substances such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), SiO
Inorganic substances such as ₂ are exemplified. Organic substances such as polyimide are preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion and the like.

The polymer dispersed liquid crystal 16 has a relatively low specific resistance. Therefore, the electric charge applied to the pixel electrode 101 may not be completely retained during the time of one field (1/30 or 1/60 seconds). Liquid crystal layer 1 if not held
6 is not completely transparent, and the display brightness is reduced. A thin film made of an organic material such as polyimide has a very high specific resistance. Therefore, the charge retention rate can be improved by forming a thin film made of an organic material on the electrode. Therefore, high brightness display and high contrast display can be realized.

The insulating film 123 also has an effect of preventing the liquid crystal layer 16 from being separated from the electrodes. This is because nearly half of the material forming the liquid crystal layer 16 is an organic substance made of resin. Therefore, the insulating film 123 serves as an adhesive layer, and peeling between the substrates 11 and 12 and the liquid crystal layer 16 is less likely to occur.

Further, when the insulating film 123 made of an organic material is formed, there is also an effect that the pore diameter of the polymer network of the liquid crystal layer 16 or the particle diameter of the water droplet liquid crystal becomes substantially uniform. It is considered that even if the organic residue remains on the counter electrode 102, it is covered with the insulating film 123. The effect of PVA is better than that of polyimide. It is considered that this is because PVA has higher wettability than polyimide. However, according to the result of the reliability (light resistance, heat resistance, etc.) test performed by manufacturing various insulating films 123 on the panel,
The polyimide used for the alignment film of the TN liquid crystal is good because it hardly changes with time. Therefore, it is preferable to use polyimide as the insulating film 123.

When the insulating film is formed of an organic substance, its thickness is preferably 0.02 μm or more and 0.1 μm, and more preferably 0.03 μm or more and 0.08 μm or less.

In the PD liquid crystal display panel, it is important to prevent electromagnetic coupling between the signal line and the pixel electrode. An explanatory view is shown in (FIG. 10). An alternating current is constantly applied to the source signal line 103. Therefore, lines of electric force are generated between the pixel electrode 101 and the source signal line 103, liquid crystal molecules are aligned with the lines of electric force, and “light leakage” occurs from the peripheral portion of the pixel electrode 101.

As a countermeasure, a material on the source signal line 103 and the gate signal line, and in the vicinity of the signal line is lower than the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 16 (hereinafter referred to as a low dielectric material).
Shield with. Low dielectric materials are SiO ₂ and SiNx
Examples thereof include an inorganic material, a polymer 692 of the liquid crystal layer 16, a resist, an organic material such as PVA. By forming the low dielectric material into a thick film as shown in FIG. 10, electromagnetic coupling between the signal line 103 and the pixel electrode 101 can be prevented. Of course, the electromagnetic coupling between the signal line 103 and the counter electrode 102 can be prevented, so that the liquid crystal layer 16 on the low dielectric film 104 is always in a scattering state.

In FIG. 10, the relative dielectric constant of the low dielectric film 104 is ε ₂ , the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 16 is ε ₁ , the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer 16 is d ₁ , and the low dielectric film 104 is The voltage E applied to d _{1 of the} liquid crystal layer 16 is represented by the following (Equation 16), where d ₂ is the film thickness of the liquid crystal and V is the voltage applied between the counter electrode 102 and the source signal line 103. It

[0109]

[Equation 16]

The voltage E applied to d _{1 of the} liquid crystal layer 16 is
In order not to exceed the rising voltage of the liquid crystal (the voltage at which the liquid crystal is oriented by the voltage and the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer begins to change),
It is most preferable to set the thickness of the low dielectric film 104 so that light leakage does not occur. However, in practical use, there are many cases in which the liquid crystal may be slightly aligned. Generally, when the liquid crystal layer 16 is completely in the transmissive state, the transmission amount of 30% is acceptable when the transmission amount is 100%. That is, the film thickness of the low dielectric film 104 is regulated so that the voltage E applied to the liquid crystal layer 16 has a transmittance of 30% or less.

Although the low dielectric material is formed into a film shape in FIG. 10, the invention is not limited to this.
It may be formed in a columnar shape as shown in 1). The low-dielectric material columnarly formed as shown in FIG. 11 is called a low-dielectric material column 111.

The low dielectric pillar 111 is preferably formed on the counter substrate 11 side. The counter substrate 11 side is the counter electrode 1
No other than 02 is formed, and the substrate surface has smoothness,
Moreover, there is no possibility that the TFT 131 or the like will be damaged by static electricity.

By forming a pillar shape like the low dielectric pillar 111, the pillar can keep the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer 16 constant. Therefore, it is not necessary to spray the black beads 121.
Therefore, the manufacturing process of the display panel is simplified. Further, since there is no obstacle such as the black beads 121 on the pixel electrode 101, good image display can be realized.

As described above, the low dielectric pillar 111 and the low dielectric film 104 can be easily formed in the PD display panel by the T
This is because an alignment treatment called rubbing is not required unlike the N display panel. If the low dielectric column 111 and the low dielectric film 104 are formed, the alignment treatment called rubbing is impossible. This is because the rubbing cloth is caught on the low dielectric column 111 or the low dielectric film 104 and the surfaces of the substrates 11 and 12 are not rubbed well.

Low dielectric film 104 and low dielectric pillar 111
May be colored. By coloring, the light diffusely reflected in the liquid crystal layer 16 can be absorbed and the image quality is improved. Light-shielding film 132
However, as described above, for example, a black pigment or pigment dispersed in resin may be used, or gelatin or casein may be dyed with a black acid dye like a color filter. As an example of the black dye, it is possible to use a single fluoran dye that turns black, or to use a color-arranged black in which a green dye and a red dye are mixed.

Although the above materials are all black materials,
When the display panel of the present invention is used as a light valve of a projection display device, the present invention is not limited to this, and the low dielectric pillar 111 of the display panel that modulates R light may absorb R light. Therefore, a natural resin can be dyed with a dye, or a material in which a dye is dispersed in a synthetic resin can be used. For example, an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a triphenylmethane dye or the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more of them.

FIG. 13 is a diagram specifically showing the effect of the reflected light absorbing plate 23. Incident light C is scattered in the liquid crystal layer 16. The scattered light becomes scattered light A or scattered light B.
The scattered lights A2 and B2 are an example when there is no reflected light absorbing plate. The scattered light A2 is multiply reflected between the surface 21a where the counter electrode 102 and the substrate 11 are in contact with air. A part of the multiple-reflected light A2 is again incident on the peripheral pixels and scattered (secondary scattering). A phenomenon occurs when the image outline is blurred due to the occurrence of the secondary scattering. Of course, the display contrast of the entire screen is also reduced. The scattered light B2 is reflected at the interface 21b with the air of the array substrate 12, and a part of the reflected light is reflected by the TFT 13
It is incident on the first semiconductor layer and causes a photoconductor phenomenon. The TFT 131 in which the photoconductor phenomenon has occurred has a poor off characteristic, and cannot hold the charge charged in the pixel electrode 101 for one field period (1F). Therefore, the display brightness is lowered.

When the reflected light absorbing plates 23b and 23a are attached to the display panel 134, the scattered lights A2 and B2 are not generated and they become the scattered lights A1 and B1. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to the display panel 134 with the optical coupling layer 14. The scattered light A1 is reflected at the interface 21c between the reflected light absorbing plate 23b and the air, and the reflected light is the light absorbing film 20.
absorbed in b. The scattered light B1 is reflected by the reflected light absorbing plate 23.
Although it is reflected by the interface 21d between a and air, the reflected light is absorbed by the light absorption film 20a. Therefore, secondary scattering, image bleeding, and photoconductor phenomenon do not occur at all. It is desirable that the light absorption film 50 is formed in the ineffective region of the reflected light absorption plate 23. The invalid area is an effective display area (area that modulates light = pixel electrode 101
Is a part that collectively refers to a path through which light does not enter or exit. Therefore, it is desirable that the light absorption film 51 is formed not only on the side surface of the reflected light absorption plate 23 but also on the side surface of the display panel 134 and the like.

(FIG. 13) and the like had the structure of a transmissive display panel. The technical idea of the present invention can be applied to a reflective display panel. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the reflective display panel of the present invention.

A reflective electrode 273 is formed on the TFT 131 via an insulating film 275. Reflective electrode 273 and T
The FT 131 is electrically connected to the FT 131 via a connection portion 274. As the material of the insulating film 275, an organic material typified by polyimide or the like or an inorganic material such as SiO ₂ or SiNx is used. The surface of the reflective electrode 273 is formed of an Al thin film. Although it may be formed by using Cr or the like, the reflectance is lower than that of Al, and since it is hard, the peripheral portion of the reflective electrode 273 is easily broken.

In the display panel of the present invention shown in FIG. 27, etc., the TFT 131 is formed below the reflective electrode 273. That is, the reflective electrode 131 functions as a light-shielding film (BM) that prevents incident light scattered by the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 16 from entering the semiconductor layer of the TFT 131, and as an electrode that applies a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 16. Also has
Since the reflective electrode 273 is formed of a metal material, has a sufficient light-shielding effect, and has a simple structure, cost reduction can be realized.

Source signal lines and the like (not shown) are formed on the array substrate 12. The reflective electrode 273 also has a function of shielding the electric force lines emitted from the signal lines from reaching the liquid crystal layer 16. Therefore, image noise due to the lines of electric force from the source signal line does not occur.

The reflective electrode 273 and the TFT 131 are electrically connected to each other at the connection portion 274. In order to make the connection, it is necessary to vapor-deposit the metal thin film (reflection electrode) 273 to a thickness equal to or larger than the insulating film 275. The thickness of the insulating film 275 is about 1 μm. Therefore, a step difference of 1 μm occurs at the connection portion 274. Further, since the thickness of the reflective electrode 273 is 1 μm,
A valley of 1 μm is formed between adjacent reflective electrodes. Since the display panel of the present invention uses the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, it does not require rubbing, so that there is no obstacle even if there is the step, and the liquid crystal display panel can be manufactured with a high manufacturing yield.

A step difference of 1 μm is formed in the connection terminal portion 274. Further, the shape of the TFT 131 is patterned on the reflective electrode 273, and irregularities of about 1 μm are formed. Since the display panel of the present invention uses the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, light modulation is performed as a change in the scattering state. Therefore, a change in the liquid crystal film thickness of about 1 μm due to the step and the unevenness of the TFT 131 has almost no effect on the light modulation. In a display panel such as a TN liquid crystal in which the optical rotation characteristic is applied to the light modulation, the unevenness would be a fatal damage to the light modulation. In addition, the fact that the liquid crystal layer thickness of the present invention is as thick as 8 μm or more also has a positive effect on the uneven thickness of the liquid crystal layer 16 (the liquid crystal layer thickness of the TN liquid crystal display panel is slightly less than 5 μm).

The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is connected to the counter substrate 11 via the optical coupling layer 14. Further, an antireflection film 141 is formed on the surface of the reflected light absorbing plate 23 that comes into contact with air.

The counter electrode 125 has a three-layer structure composed of a first dielectric thin film 271a, an ITO thin film 271b, and a second dielectric thin film 271c in order from the counter substrate 11 side.
The ITO thin film 271b has an optical film thickness of λ / 2, and the first thin film 271a and the second thin film 271c each have an optical film thickness of λ / 4. The ITO thin film 271b functions as a "counter electrode".

First thin film 271a and second thin film 27
The refractive index of 1c is preferably 1.60 or more and 1.80 or less.
As an example, SiO, Al ₂ O ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ , MgO, CeF
₃ , WO ₃ and PbF ₂ are exemplified.

An example of a concrete structure is shown in (Table 1), and its spectral reflectance is shown in (FIG. 28). As can be seen from (FIG. 28), according to the configuration of (Table 1), the wavelength bandwidth 2
A characteristic with a reflectance of 0.1% or less can be realized over 00 nm or more, and an extremely high antireflection effect can be obtained. Although the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 16 in the scattering state is 1.6 in the name table of the present invention, this value changes if the liquid crystal material and the polymer material change. When the refractive index of the liquid crystal in the scattering state is n _x , the refractive indices of the first and second dielectric thin films are n ₁ and the refractive index of the ITO thin film is n ₂ , then n _x <n ₁ <
It suffices to satisfy the condition of n ₂ .

[0129]

[Table 1]

First thin film 271a and second thin film 27
The refractive index of 1c is preferably 1.60 or more and 1.80 or less.
Although SiO was used in each of the examples of (Table 1), one or both thin films were used, and Al ₂ O ₃ and Y were used.
Any of ₂ O ₃ , MgO, CeF ₃ , WO ₃ and PbF ₂ may be used.

Table 2 shows a case where the first thin film 271a and the second thin film 271c are Y ₂ O ₃ . The spectral reflectance thereof is shown in (FIG. 29).

[0132]

[Table 2]

The spectral reflectance of (FIG. 29) tends to be somewhat higher for B light and R light than in the case of (FIG. 28).

Similarly, as shown in (Table 3), the first thin film 271a is S
The case where Y ₂ O _{3 is used} as the _second thin film 271c for iO is shown.
The spectral reflectance thereof is shown in (FIG. 30). It realizes an extremely excellent antireflection effect of 0.1% or less over the entire visible light region.

[0135]

[Table 3]

The first thin film 271a is shown in Table 4 as Al ₂ O ₃
Shows the case where the second thin film 271c is made of SiO 2. The spectral reflectance thereof is shown in (FIG. 31). R light and B
In the light region, the reflectance exceeds 0.5% and cannot be said to be appropriate.

[0137]

[Table 4]

As described above, by forming the dielectric thin films 271a and 271c in three layers on both surfaces of the ITO thin film 271b, a reflected light preventing effect can be provided. The spectral reflectances shown in (FIG. 28) to (FIG. 31) change as the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 16 changes. In other words, the optimum design is important because it depends on the liquid crystal material and the like.

If the liquid crystal layer 16 and the ITO thin film 271b are in direct contact with each other, the deterioration of the liquid crystal layer 16 is likely to proceed. This is IT
It is considered that impurities and the like in the O thin film 271b are eluted into the liquid crystal layer 16. When the dielectric thin film 271c is formed between the ITO thin film 271b and the liquid crystal layer 16 as in the above-described three-layer structure, the liquid crystal layer 16 is not deteriorated. In particular, when the dielectric thin film 271c is Al ₂ O ₃ or Y ₂ O ₃ , it is good.

When the dielectric thin film 271c is SiO, SiO
There is a tendency that the refractive index of is decreased. It is considered that this is because oxygen atoms such as H ₂ O and O ₂ contained in the liquid crystal 16 in a trace amount are bonded to SiO, and SiO is changed to SiO ₂ . In that sense, the configurations of (Table 1) and (Table 4) are not suitable. However, SiO does not change to SiO ₂ in a short period of time and can be practically used in many cases.

The counter electrode 271 is made up of the first and second electrodes.
The optical film thickness of the dielectric thin film is λ / 4, and the optical film thickness of the ITO thin film is λ / 2. However, the optical film thicknesses of the first and second dielectric thin films are λ / 4, and the ITO thin film is The optical film thickness of 271b may be λ / 4.

Further, in terms of the theory of the antireflection film, N
Is an odd number of 1 or more, and M is an integer of 1 or more, the optical thicknesses of the first and second dielectric thin films are (N · λ) / 4,
The optical film thickness of the ITO thin film 271b may be (N · λ) / 4. Alternatively, the optical thickness of the first and second dielectric thin films may be (N · λ) / 4, and the optical thickness of the ITO thin film may be (M · λ) / 2.

Furthermore, one of the first and second dielectric thin films can be omitted. In that case, although the performance as antireflection is somewhat lowered, it is often practically sufficient. In this case as well, the theory of antireflection as described above can be applied.

By forming the counter electrode 271, the reflected light can be prevented without entering the liquid crystal layer 16, so that the display contrast can be greatly improved.

Further, as shown in FIG. 32, if the heat dissipation plate 322 is attached to the back surface of the display panel with the adhesive 323 made of a silicon material or the like, good heat dissipation can be achieved.
This is a matter peculiar to the reflection type display panel.

It is natural that the reflection type display panel can have various configurations as in the case of the transmission type display panel as shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 33 (a), a configuration in which the reflected light absorbing plate 23a is attached to the display panel 134, and as shown in FIG. 33 (c), the display panel 134 is shown.
A configuration in which a concave lens-like reflected light absorbing plate 23b is attached to
Further, as shown in FIG. 33 (b), a positive lens 201 is added to the configuration shown in FIG. 33 (c), or as shown in FIG. 33 (d), the counter substrate is provided with the reflected light absorbing plate 23.
c is the configuration and the like.

The above embodiments have been described focusing on the structure in which the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to the display panel or the like, or the structure in which the light absorbing wall 20 is formed or arranged inside the display panel or the like. However, in practice, it is often not necessary to absorb the reflected light to complete it. In that case, the following configuration may be adopted.

First, in FIG. 77 (a), the light absorbing wall 20 is not formed in the transparent member 771, but a light absorbing agent is added to the entire transparent member 771 itself (coloring the transparent member 771).
It is a configuration. For example, colored acrylic resin, colored glass, etc. may be assumed. The mechanism of absorbing reflected light in the configuration of FIG. 77 (a) will be described below.

The light 22 incident on the light modulation layer 16 of the display panel 134 is scattered and becomes scattered light 17a or diffracted light. Part of the scattered light or diffracted light becomes transmitted light 18 a and is emitted from the panel 134, but part of the light becomes reflected light 19. When the angle between the reflected light 19 and the normal line of the emission surface 21 is equal to or greater than the critical angle, it is totally reflected. If the thickness of the transparent substrate 771 satisfies (Equation 29) of Japanese Patent Application No. 4-145277, the reflected light 19 will not return to the liquid crystal layer 16 again. Secondary scattering occurs.

As described above, increasing the thickness of the transparent substrate 771 in the optical design means that the projection lens 21
The back focus of 4 and the like must be lengthened, and the restrictions on the optical design of the projection lens 214 and the like are increased. In addition, it also hinders the realization of downsizing of the projection display device. Therefore, the system design intends to reduce the thickness of the transparent substrate 771 and obtain a practically sufficient display contrast. However, if the transparent substrate 771 is thinned too much (FIG. 77 (a)), it is incident on one end of the effective display area, the incident light is scattered, and a part of the scattered light becomes reflected light. The rate of incidence on the other end of the effective display region is increased. Therefore, the display contrast is reduced.

As can be seen from FIG. 77 (a), the optical path required for the reflected light 19 to enter the liquid crystal layer 16 again is longer than the transmitted light 18a emitted without being reflected by the emission surface 21. .

Assuming that the critical angle is about 45 degrees, the optical path of the reflected light 19 is about three times the optical path of the transmitted light 18a. Therefore, by utilizing the fact that the optical path of the reflected light 19 is long, the proportion of the secondary scattered light is reduced by attenuating the reflected light 19 before it enters the liquid crystal layer 16 again, and the display contrast can be improved. For example, when emitted from the liquid crystal layer 16, transmitted light 1
Assuming that the intensity of 9 is 1 and the transmitted light is attenuated to 0.9 (transmittance η = 0.9) when it exits the emission surface 21, the reflected light 19 has an optical path three times that of the transmitted light 18a. Therefore, when the light enters the liquid crystal layer 16 again, 0.9 cubed = 0.7. Similarly, when η = 0.8, it becomes 0.5. Furthermore, if the optical path required for the secondary scattered light to become the transmitted light 18b is taken into consideration, it becomes even smaller.

As described above, by coloring the transparent substrate 771 itself to have the function of absorbing scattered light or diffracted light, the rate of generation of secondary scattered light can be reduced, and the display contrast is improved.

The transparent substrate 771 having the absorbing function can be easily realized by adding a coloring agent or the like to the transparent substrate 771. For example, colored acrylic resin, carbonate resin, and the like. The coloring color may preferably have a relationship of complementary color with the light color modulated by the light modulation layer 16. For example, when the light color modulated by the light modulation layer is blue, it is yellow. Of course, the coloring may be black, but the selection range of the coloring material is narrowed. By appropriately selecting the coloring color, it is possible to provide a function of a color filter that transmits light having a wavelength in a predetermined range. This is (Fig. 81)
This is an important point because it has an effect as a measure against the PS dependency of the dichroic mirror and the like described in Section 2. Although the transparent substrate 771 is colored, it is needless to say that the above effect can be obtained by directly coloring the array substrate 12 or the counter substrate 11. That is, the colored portion may be present between the light modulation layer 16 and the emission surface 21.

The above embodiment (FIG. 77 (a)) has a structure in which the entire transparent substrate 771 is colored. As another example, there is a method of optically adhering a light absorbing substrate 772 to a transparent substrate 771 shown in FIG. 77 (b). Light absorbing substrate 77
An example of 2 is a color filter. Many color filters are commercially available and need no further explanation. Also in this case, similar to the previous embodiment, the optical path passing through the light absorbing substrate 772 is different from the transmitted light 18a and the reflected light 19, so that the same effect can be obtained.

In this case, the color filter is the light modulation layer 1.
This means a filter that absorbs a part of the light modulated by 6, but this may be applied as a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, or a band-pass filter. For example, a filter having a configuration in which only the light of a certain band has the effect of a narrow band filter and the effect of absorbing a part of the light that is modulated by the light modulation layer to prevent secondary scattering can be considered.

The embodiment of FIG. 77 has been described as a transparent substrate, but the same effect can be obtained even if the transparent substrate is replaced with a plano-concave lens. However, in the case of FIG. 77 (b), it goes without saying that the light absorption substrate 772 needs to be optically coupled and sandwiched between the plano-concave lens and the array substrate.

Although the structure shown in FIG. 1 and the like forms the light absorbing wall 20, the light absorbing wall 20 is not limited to one that completely absorbs light. For example, it may be one that attenuates light. For example, as in (FIG. 2A), a plurality of transparent columns 15 are used, and the light absorbing material 78 is provided between the transparent columns 15.
A configuration in which 1 is filled may be used. An example of the configuration is shown in FIG. 78. A plurality of transparent columns 15 constitutes a'transparent substrate '. Examples of the material of the transparent column 15 include resin such as glass and acrylic, and examples of the light absorbing material 781 include colored adhesive. In addition, a colored liquid such as ethylene glycol may be used. However, it does not completely absorb light. It absorbs or attenuates part of the light.

The incident light 22 is scattered or diffracted by the light modulation layer 16, and a part of the diffracted or scattered light becomes the reflected light 19. By the time the reflected light 19 emitted from the light modulation layer 16 returns to the light modulation layer 16, the walls 781i, 781h,
Pass through the five walls of 781g, 781f, and 781e. If each transmittance is 0.9, the reflected light 19 is 0.9
To the fifth power = 0.6. If the light transmittance is 0.8, the power of 0.8 is attenuated to 0.32. Therefore, the ratio of the secondary scattered light can be reduced. With this structure, the height of the transparent pillar 15 (the thickness of the transparent substrate)
Even if is low, the generation rate of secondary scattered light can be sufficiently reduced.

FIG. 78 (b) shows an embodiment in which the transparent column 15 is optically coupled to the transparent substrate 24. Other configurations and the like are the same as (FIG. 78 (a)). Light absorber 7
Since 81 has a function of absorbing light, when it is arranged in a position close to the light modulation layer 16 (image forming surface), the light absorbing agent 781 is provided.
Pattern may be projected on the screen. With the configuration as shown in FIG. 78 (b), the light absorbing material 781 can be separated from the image forming surface, and the above-mentioned adverse effect does not occur.

Although a square transparent column is used in (FIG. 78), the present invention is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a hexagonal column or a column. As an example, a configuration in which glass fibers are bundled and a light absorbing agent 781 is filled between the fibers is illustrated. For example, a fiber plate (MC-1000) sold by Asahi Kasei Corporation may be applied.

Although the colored substrate 772 is attached to the transparent substrate 24 in the configuration shown in FIG. 77 (b), it is not limited to the colored substrate 772. For example, the colored substrate may be a colored sheet, or the transparent substrate 24 may be coated with paint or the like.

A display panel used for a light modulator such as a projection type display device or a viewfinder is called a light valve 135. The light valve may be referred to as a display panel = light valve (for example, the configuration of (FIG. 18)), (FIG. 13) (FIG. 1) or (FIG. 2).
The display panel 134 to which the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached as in 0) may be referred to as a light valve 135.
The configuration of (FIG. 77) (FIG. 78) can also be used.

The projection type display device of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, specifications common to the projection type display device of the present invention will be described. The following values or range of values are important matters especially for a projection display device using a display panel having a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal as a light modulation layer as a light valve.

In the projection type display device of the present invention, from the viewpoint of improving the light utilization rate, the F number of the illumination light needs to be increased as the panel effective display size (display area of the panel) is reduced. If the panel effective display size d is increased, the F number of the illumination light can be decreased, and as a result, a bright large screen display can be realized. However, if the panel effective display size becomes large, the system size of the projection type display device becomes large, which is not preferable. Further, if the effective display size of the panel is reduced, the luminous flux per unit area incident on the display area of the panel is increased, which is not preferable because the panel is heated.

Further, the luminance of the light-emitting body is set to 1.2 × 10 ⁸ (nt) which is constant in consideration of the life of the lamp. Further, it is considered that the arc length and the power consumption of the lamp are approximately proportional. The efficiency of the metal halide lamp is 80 (lm / W).
The total luminous flux of a 50 (W) lamp is 4000 (lm), 10
The total luminous flux of a 0 (W) lamp is 8000 (lm), 150
The total luminous flux of the (W) lamp is 12000 (lm).
The lamp arc length and the lamp power consumption are correlated, and the arc length and the F number are correlated.

In the projection type display device, the projected image has a screen size of 40 inches or more, and a luminous flux of 300 to 400 (lm) or more is required to obtain a viewing angle and image brightness in a practical range. Therefore, if the light utilization rate of the lamp is about 4%, a lamp of 100 (W) or more must be used.

If the panel effective display size is also small, sufficient display brightness cannot be obtained. Assuming that the arc length is 5 (mm) and the effective F value of the illumination light is 7, the panel effective display size needs to be about 3.5 inches. When the arc length is about 5 (mm) and the panel effective display size is more than 2 inches, the effective F value of the illumination light is less than 5. In this case, the display brightness is in the practical range, but good display contrast (CR) cannot be expected.

As a result of various experiments and examinations, effective F of illumination light
When the value is 5 or more, display brightness in a practical range can be obtained. However, in order to obtain good display brightness, display contrast, proper power consumption and lamp life, the effective F value of the illumination light (= effective F value of the projected light) is around 7, and the arc length of the lamp is 5 (mm). As a result, it was necessary to use a front and rear W of about 150 W.

When the F number of the projection lens is lowered, the screen light flux reaching the screen becomes higher. Along with that, the power consumption of the lamp must be increased. Further, when the power consumption of the lamp is increased from the viewpoint of extending the life of the lamp, the arc luminance becomes long when the arc brightness is considered to be constant. Naturally, the display contrast (CR) becomes worse as the F number becomes smaller. On the contrary, when the F number of the projection optical system is increased, the display contrast is increased, but the screen light flux is decreased.

As a result of various experiments and examinations, the arc length of the lamp is set to be 2. in order to obtain a good display contrast.
It must be 5 (mm) or more and 6 (mm) or less. Further, it should be 250 (W) or less in terms of power consumption. And 100 (W) to get the screen brightness
The above metal harad lamp must be used.

The diagonal length of the effective display area of the panel must be 5 inches or less in terms of system size. Further, it must be 2 inches or more in terms of light utilization efficiency. Above all, in order to obtain sufficient light condensing efficiency and to be compact, it is preferable that the size is 3 inches or more and 4.5 inches or less.

The F number of the projection lens, in a broad sense, the F number of the projection optical system must be 5 or more in order to obtain a good contrast (CR). Further, it must be 10 or less to obtain a sufficient screen brightness.
Further, in consideration of the arc length of the above-mentioned lamp, the F number must be 6 or more and 9 or less.

Further, unless the divergence angle (F number) of the illumination light and the converging angle (F number) of the projection lens are substantially matched, the light utilization rate is lowered. This is because the F number is restricted to the larger one. The F-number of the illumination light of the projection type display device of the present invention and the F-number of the projection lens are matched.

In the above description, for example, the arc length of the lamp being 5 mm means "substantially 5 mm". Substantially 5 mm means an arc length of 8 m
Even if the length is m, if the projection lens can collect only the light emitted from about 5 mm in the center of the arc among the light emitted from the arc, the arc length is substantially 5 mm. Similarly, the F number means a valid F number.
Even if the physical F number is 4, if the light passes only near the center of the pupil of the projection lens, the F number is naturally 4 or more.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram of the projection type display device of the present invention in the first embodiment. However, components that are unnecessary for the description are omitted. Inside the light source 211, a concave mirror 211b and a metal halide lamp or a xenon lamp as the light generating means 211a are arranged. In addition, ultraviolet rays (UV) and infrared rays (I
A UVIR cut filter 211c for cutting R) is arranged. The concave mirror 211b is designed to have an appropriate value according to the arc length of the lamp 211a. An ellipsoidal mirror or a parabolic mirror is used as the concave mirror 211b. Also, 213a is B
Dichroic mirror (BDM) that reflects light, 21
3b is a dichroic mirror (GD that reflects G light)
M) and 213c are dichroic mirrors (RDM) that reflect R light. Note that from BDM 213a to RDM
The arrangement of 213c is not limited to the order shown in FIG.
It goes without saying that the last RDM 213c may be replaced with a total reflection mirror.

The film thickness 16 of the liquid crystal layer of the display panel 134c for modulating the R light is made thicker than the film thickness 16 of the liquid crystal layer of the display panels 134a, 134b for modulating the other G and B lights. Further, the average particle diameter of the water-drop liquid crystal or the average pore diameter of the polymer network is changed according to the wavelength of the modulated light. The longer the wavelength of the modulated light, the larger the average particle diameter or the average pore diameter.
This is because the longer the wavelength of light, the lower the scattering characteristics and the lower the contrast. 215,216
Is a lens, 214 is a projection lens, and 217 is an aperture as a diaphragm. The aperture 217 is illustrated for the purpose of explaining the operation of the projection type display device. Since the aperture 217 regulates the converging angle of the projection optical system, it may be considered to be included in the function of the projection optical system. That is, if the F value of the projection optical system is large, it can be considered that the hole diameter of the aperture 217 is small. In order to obtain a high-contrast display, the larger the F value of the projection optical system, the better. However, the larger the brightness, the lower the brightness of white display. Specifically, the projection lens 214 is used without using the aperture.
The function of A includes the function of aperture. Reference numeral 212 is a relay lens.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing (FIG. 21) more specifically. However, the components such as the relay lens 212 that are unnecessary for the description are omitted.
Further, FIG. 23 shows a configuration of a cabinet 232 of a projection type display device using the projector 231 shown in FIG. A transparent screen 253 is arranged on the upper front side of the cabinet 232, and a projector 231 is arranged on the lower rear side.
The plane mirror 241a is arranged in the lower front, and the screen 2
A plane mirror 241b is arranged behind 53. The cabinet 232 can be made compact by shortening the projection distance (optical path length from the projection lens to the center of the screen) and making the projector 231 small.

The operation of the projection type display device of the present invention will be described below. Since the R, G, and B light modulation systems have almost the same operation, the B light modulation system will be described as an example.

White light is emitted from the light source 211, and the B light component of this white light is reflected by the BDM 213a. This B light is incident on the display panel 134a. Display panel 1
Reference numeral 34a modulates the light by controlling the scattering and transmission states of the incident light by the signal applied to the pixel electrode 101 as shown in (FIGS. 70 (a) and (b)).

The scattered light is blocked by the aperture 217a, while the parallel light or the light within a predetermined angle is reflected by the aperture 21a.
Pass 7a. The modulated light is enlarged and projected on a screen (not shown) by the projection lens 214a. As described above, the B light component of the image is displayed on the screen. Similarly, the display panel 134b modulates the G light component light, and the display panel 134c modulates the R light component light, so that a color image is displayed on the screen.

21 (FIG. 21) is a system for enlarging and projecting onto the screen by three projection lenses 214, but there is also a system for enlarging and projecting with one projection lens. Its configuration diagram (Fig. 2
4). As the display panel 134, the display panel of the present invention described above is used.

Here, in order to facilitate the explanation, 134b
Is a display panel for displaying an image of G light, 134a is a display panel for displaying an image of R light, and 134c is a display panel for displaying an image of B light. Therefore, regarding the wavelengths that are transmitted and reflected by each dichroic mirror 213, the dichroic mirror 213a reflects R light and transmits G light and B light. The dichroic mirror 213b reflects G light and transmits B light. Dichroic mirror 213c
Transmits R light and reflects G light. The dichroic mirror 213d transmits R and G lights and reflects B lights.

The light emitted from the metal halide lamp 211a is reflected by the total reflection mirror 241a, and the direction of the light is changed. The light is a dichroic mirror 2
The R, G, and B light beams are separated into three primary color optical paths by 13a and 213b, and the R light beam enters the field lens 222a, the G light beam enters the field lens 222b, and the B light beam enters the field lens 222c. Each field lens 222 collects each light, and the display panel 134 changes the orientation of the liquid crystal corresponding to each video signal to modulate the light. The R, G, B lights modulated in this way are dichroic mirror 213.
c, 213d, and the projected image is enlarged and projected on a screen (not shown) by the projection lens 214.

In constructing the projection type display device of the present invention, it is necessary to consider the MTF so that the image of the light absorbing wall (film) 20 is not projected on the screen or the like (FIG. 4). Therefore, it is necessary to separate the light absorption wall 20 and the light modulation layer 16 by a constant distance h. Display panel B4 is N
When displaying a TSC signal, it is relatively easy to keep the MTF below a certain value. When the display panel 134 displays a high-definition signal, it is difficult to set the MTF to a certain value or less. However, the design of the projection lens 204 can handle this.

The distance h that keeps the MTF below a certain value is determined. The first guideline for MTF is 20% or less. It is preferably 10% or less. More preferably, the distance h is set so as to be 5% or less. Therefore, it is necessary to divide the region by the light absorbing wall 20 formed on the reflected light absorbing plate 23 into small pieces and to increase the distance h. Needless to say, it is necessary to take care so that the division of the region by the light absorbing wall 20 does not interfere with the pixel pitch of the display panel 134 to cause moire.

Needless to say, the simple matrix type display panel can also be used as a light valve in the projection type display device of the present invention. For example, a configuration in which the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to a simple matrix type display panel is exemplified. Further, if the configuration shown in (FIG. 24) is arranged in the cabinet 232 as the projector 231, (FIG.
The rear projection type display device shown in 3) can be constructed.

In FIG. 22, the light valves 135 (display panel 134) are arranged in a row. However, as shown in (FIG. 75), the display panels 135 may be arranged in a vertical line. The effective display screen of the display panel is 4: 3
Alternatively, since it is 16: 9, it is horizontally long. Therefore, as shown in (FIG. 75), the space required for arranging the display panels becomes smaller by arranging them in a vertical line. Therefore, the set size (cabinet size) can be reduced in the rear projection display device shown in FIG. 23.

In the case of the arrangement of (FIG. 75), the light source 211 is arranged at the upper position or the lower position as shown in (FIG. 76),
The white light emitted from the light source 211 is converted into R using a dichroic mirror (dichroic prism) 213,
Separated into three primary colors of G and B. Each light is a display panel 134
Is projected on the screen 253 by the projection lens 214 after being modulated by the display panel 134. The display panel 134 is preferably a PD display panel, and the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is preferably arranged on the light emitting surface of the display panel.

Further, in the configuration of FIG. 76, light unevenness does not occur in the lateral direction of the projected image. Dichroic mirror 213
If the light incident on is telecentric, the color unevenness does not occur. However, it is often difficult to realize the telecentricity because of the design of the projection lens 214. Usually, the light incident on the dichroic mirror 213 is convergent light. That is, the light incident on the display screen (see FIG. 75) is vertical at point C but oblique at points A and B. Of course, the points D and E are also oblique. At points D and E, the spectral distribution of light reflected by the dichroic mirror changes, whereas points A and B do not change. But D,
Since the point E has a short distance from the midpoint C, and the angle with respect to the normal line of the light separation surface is small, light unevenness occurs but is slight. At points A and B, the incident angle is large, but no light unevenness occurs. As described above (FIG. 76), the light unevenness is taken into consideration.

The structure of the projection type display device of the present invention using the reflection type display panel shown in (FIG. 27) as a light valve will be described below. FIG. 25 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a reflection type projection display device.

The projection lens 214 includes a first lens group 215b on the display panel side and a second lens group 215a on the screen side.
And a first lens group 215a and a second lens group 2
A plane mirror 241 is arranged between the plane mirror 15b and 15b.
The scattered light emitted from the pixel at the center of the screen of the display panel 134 passes through the first lens group 215b, and then about half of the light is incident on the plane mirror 241 and the rest is not incident on the plane mirror 241 and the second lens group is not incident. It is incident on 215a. The normal line of the reflecting surface of the plane mirror 241 is the optical axis 25 of the projection lens 214.
It is inclined at 45 ° with respect to 1. The light from the light source 211 is reflected by the plane mirror 241, passes through the first lens group 215b, and enters the display panel 134. Display panel 134
The reflected light from (1) passes through the first lens group 215b and the second lens group 215a in this order and reaches the screen. A light beam that exits from the center of the aperture of the projection lens 214 and travels toward the display panel 134 enters the liquid crystal layer 16 almost vertically.
In other words, it is telecentric.

Here, in order to facilitate the explanation,
It is assumed that a is a display panel that modulates R light, 134b is a display panel that modulates G light, and 134c is a display panel that modulates B light.

In FIG. 25, the dichroic mirror 213 serves both as a color composition system and a color separation system. The white light emitted from the light source is reflected by the plane mirror 241 and enters the first group 215b of the projection lens 214.
The band of the filter 211c is a half value of 430 nm to 69.
It is 0 nm. Hereinafter, when describing the band of light, it is expressed by half value. The dichroic mirror 213a reflects R light and transmits B light and G light. The R light is band-limited by the dichroic mirror 213c and enters the display panel 134a. The band of R light is 600 to 690 nm. On the other hand, the dichroic mirror 213b reflects B light and G
Allows light to pass through. The B light is incident on the display panel 134b and the R light is incident on the display panel 264a. The band of incident B light is 430 nm to 490 nm, and the band of G light is 510 nm to 5
70 nm. The bands of these lights are the same for other projection type display devices of the present invention. Each display panel 134
An optical image is formed as a change in the scattering state according to each image signal. The optical system formed by each display panel 134 is color-synthesized by the dichroic mirror 213, enters the projection lens 214, and is enlarged and projected on the screen 253.

The light incident on the display panel 134 is
The liquid crystal layer 16 is passed twice from the counter electrode 271 to the reflection electrode 273 (incident path) and from the reflection electrode 273 to the counter electrode 271 (emission path). Therefore, the liquid crystal film thickness is apparently equivalent to that of the transmissive display panel. Therefore, compared with the transmissive display panel, the scattering performance is improved, and high contrast display can be realized.

The dichroic mirror 213 functions as a filter that reflects (transmits) light of a specific wavelength.
For example, the dichroic mirror 213b uses the light source 21
When the light from No. 1 enters the display panel 134b, it reflects light of a specific wavelength. Further, when the light reflected by the display panel 134b enters the projection lens 214, it reflects light of a specific wavelength.

One dichroic mirror 213 reflects light twice when it enters the display panel and when it exits the display panel. In the configuration of FIG. 25, one dichroic mirror limits the wavelength band of light twice. That is, the dichroic mirror functions as a secondary filter. As compared with the dichroic mirror 213 of FIG. 24, the cutoff characteristic for band limitation becomes steeper. Therefore, no overlap occurs in the band of the light that enters each display panel 134. Therefore, color reproducibility is improved, and high-quality image display can be realized.

Further, by using the dichroic mirror 213 for both the color separation function and the color combination function, the system size of the projection type display device can be reduced.

Further, in order to make the color separation and color combining optical system compact by using the dichroic mirror, the structure as shown in FIG. 26 may be used. Note that (Fig. 26)
Reference numeral 222 denotes an auxiliary lens. The three dichroic mirrors 213a, 213b, and 213c are arranged so as to be combined in an X shape. The incident light 252a is 3
Two dichroic mirrors 213a, 213b and 2
13c separates the light into three primary colors of R, G, and B. For example, the dichroic mirror 213a reflects R light and the dichroic mirrors 213b and 213c.
Reflects B light. The G light passes through the three dichroic mirrors and reaches the display panel 134b. Each separated light is modulated by the display panels 134a, 134b and 134c of the present invention. The modulated light is the emitted light 2
52b, which is projected by the projection lens 214.

The dichroic prism 342 is exemplified by one made entirely of glass or resin.
In addition, a frame (container) is made of glass or the like, and a plate or the like having a light separating surface 341 is inserted into the frame, and the space of the frame is approximately equal to the refractive index of the material of the frame such as ethylene glycol. It may be filled with a liquid or the like. Other than ethylene glycol, a gel such as a silicone resin may be used.
The difference in refractive index between the frame and the liquid or gel is 0.1.
5 or less, and the range of refractive index is 1.38 or more and 1.55
The following is desirable.

As shown in FIG. 35, a light absorbing film (black paint or the like) 351 is applied to the invalid area of the dichroic prism 342 (area other than the surface on which the light incident / exiting surface 352 and the display panel 134 are attached). Has been done. As the material, the same material as the light absorption film 51 shown in FIG. 13 and the like is used. The light absorbing film 351 is formed on the display panel 134.
It has the function of absorbing the light scattered by. That is, as long as it has a function of absorbing the light scattered by the display panel 134, it is not limited to black. For example, a paint having a complementary color to the light color modulated by the light modulation layer 16 may be used.

Furthermore, the term light absorbing film should be understood to include other light absorbing means. For example, a thin film is formed on the invalid area of the prism 342 by a vapor deposition technique to form the light absorbing film 351, a plate or a film that absorbs light is attached to the invalid area of the prism 342, and the invalid area of the prism 342 is polished and scattered. The configuration in the state is illustrated.

Examples of the optical coupling layer 14 include an adhesive such as an acrylic resin, a gel containing a silicone resin, a liquid such as ethylene glycol, and the like. Many of these optical coupling layers 14 have a refractive index close to that of the substrate of the display panel, and are practically sufficient. Specifically, it is a transparent silicone resin KE1051 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., having a thickness of 1 mm or less and a refractive index of 1.40. This is 2
They are supplied as liquids of various types, and when the two liquids are mixed and left at room temperature or heated, they cure into a gel by an addition polymerization reaction.

In addition, liquids such as ethylene glycol,
It is possible to use an epoxy-based transparent adhesive, a transparent silicone resin that cures into a gel when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, or the like. In either case, if there is an air layer between the counter substrate 11 and the object to be attached, image quality abnormality will occur there, so it is necessary to exclude the air layer.

FIG. 34 shows the dichroic prism 34.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device that can perform color separation and color synthesis by using 2; The dichroic prism 342 has two light separating surfaces 341a and 341b, and the light separating surface 341 separates the white light 252a into three primary color lights of R, G and B. Each display panel 134 is attached to the dichroic prism 342 via the reflected light absorbing plate 23. That is, the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is optically coupled to the dichroic prism 342 by the optical coupling layer 14, and the display panel 134 is optically coupled to the reflected light absorbing plate 23 by the optical coupling layer 14 and attached. There is.

The display panel 134 is attached to the prism 342 via the reflected light absorbing plate 23. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the prism 342 are attached by the optical coupling layer 14. The light absorbing film 35 is formed on the ineffective region of the prism 342.
1 is applied.

For example, in (FIG. 42), it is assumed that the display panel 134c modulates R light and the light separation surface 341a reflects R light. The incident light 252a is reflected by the light reflecting surface 341a, passes through the reflected light absorbing plate 23, and is transmitted to the display panel 134c.
Is incident on the light modulation layer 16. The light incident on the light modulation layer 16 is scattered according to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the reflective electrode 273. The light that has not been scattered passes through the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and is reflected again by the light separation surface 341a to become emitted light.
On the other hand, a part of the scattered light is absorbed by the light absorbing wall 20 of the reflected light absorbing plate 23 when passing through the reflected light absorbing plate 23. A part of the scattered light passes through the reflected light absorbing plate 23, but most of the light is incident on and absorbed by the light absorbing film 351 formed in the ineffective region of the prism 342. In addition, a part of the scattered light may be reflected by the light separation surface 341a and may try to enter the liquid crystal layer 16 again. However, it is absorbed by the reflected light absorbing plate 23. Most of the light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 16 as described above is absorbed by the light absorption film 351 and the light absorption wall 20. Therefore, the scattered light does not become the emitted light 252b.

Various configurations are conceivable for the configuration in which the scattered light is absorbed by the prism or the like. The configuration example will be briefly described below.

First, the configuration shown in FIG. 36 can be considered. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is not arranged between the display panel 134 and the prism 342. Instead, the light entrance / exit surface 35
A concave lens 361 is attached to the second lens 2 via the light absorption layer 14. A light absorbing film 51 is formed on the ineffective region of the concave lens 361. The positive lens 2 is placed close to the concave lens 361.
01 is arranged. Therefore, (Fig. 33 (b))
In the above configuration, the concave lens-shaped reflected light absorbing plate 23b is replaced with a normal concave lens, and a prism 342 is arranged between the concave lens 361 and the display panel 134. The prism 342 can be regarded as the transparent substrate 24 relatively. That is, the display panel 134 has a thick transparent substrate 24 (prism).
Is attached, and a concave lens 361 is arranged on the transparent substrate 24. The light scattered in the liquid crystal layer 16 of the display panel 134 is absorbed by the light absorption film 351 formed in the ineffective region of the prism 342, and further, the light absorption formed in the ineffective region of the concave lens arranged on the light incident / exiting surface 352. Membrane 5
It is absorbed by 1. Therefore, no secondary scattering occurs,
A very good display contrast can be realized.

FIG. 37 shows a structure in which the light absorbing wall (film) 20 is formed in the prism 342. The light absorbing wall is formed at least at a position where the display panel 134 is attached. It may be considered that the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is embedded in the prism 342. The effects and the like are similar to those described in (FIG. 42).

In FIG. 38, the display panel is attached to the prism 342, and the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to the light incident / exiting surface 352. In other words, each of the display panels 134 uses one reflected light absorbing plate 23 for the prism 134. Therefore, in FIG. 42, the reflected light absorbing plate 34 is
Although 2 is used three, (Fig. 38) requires only one, so low cost can be expected. The light scattered by each display panel 134 is a light absorption film 351 formed in the ineffective region of the prism 134.
The light is absorbed by the light absorbing wall 20 of the concave or plate-like reflected light absorbing plate 23b.

(FIG. 39) differs from (FIG. 38) in that the concave lens-shaped reflected light absorbing plate 23b is converted into a plate-like reflected light absorbing plate 23, and a positive lens or a flat lens is provided on the front surface of the reflected light absorbing plate 23. This is a configuration in which a convex lens 201 is arranged. Lens 20
Reference numeral 1 is light that has passed straight through the liquid crystal layer of the display panel 134 (transmitted light)
Has a function of guiding the light to the projection lens 214. The function of the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is similar to that in the case of (FIG. 38). Further, in the configuration of (FIG. 38) (FIG. 39), there is a distance between the light modulation layer 16 of the display panel 134 and the reflected light absorbing plate 23 (FIG. 4).
The effect of the MTF described in 1. becomes easy. In other words, the light absorption wall 20 is not increased in the projected image, and good image quality can be reproduced.

Further, the configuration of (FIG. 40) may be considered. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the display panel 134 are arranged in a cubic container 402. A light absorbing film 351 as a light absorbing means is formed on the inner surface or the outer surface of the container 402. The space of the container 402 is filled with a liquid such as ethylene glycol or a gel 403.

With the above configuration, the reflected light absorption film 23
The optical coupling between the display panel 134 and the display panel 134 is not necessary (the optical coupling layer 14 is unnecessary). The light absorption film 351 of (FIG. 40) functions as the light absorption film 351 shown in (FIG. 35). Also, liquid or gel 403
Has a function of liquid-cooling the display panel 134, it is easy to cool the display panel 134.

(FIG. 25), (FIG. 26), (FIG. 27),
The configuration of (FIG. 33) to (FIG. 40) was a reflection type projection display device or display panel. However, the technical idea of the present invention can be applied to not only the reflection type but also the transmission type display device.

FIG. 41 is a block diagram of a transmission type projection display apparatus of the present invention. Dichroic prism 342a
The three display panels 134 are optically connected to each other by the optical coupling layer 14. It is preferable that the optical coupling layer 14 has a gel shape. This is because it is necessary to perform the alignment so that the three display panels 134 exactly overlap each other on the screen (not shown). If the position of the display panel 134 is completely fixed, the alignment is impossible. If it is a gel, the position can be changed to some extent. In the projection type display device of the present invention, when the structure in which the display panel is attached to the prism is adopted, a position changing mechanism of the display panel is added.

The white light emitted from the metal halide lamp is the light separation surface 341 of the dichroic prism 142a.
a and 341b separate the light paths of the three primary color lights of R, G, and B. The R light is modulated by the display panel 134c, and the modulated light is reflected by the mirrors 241c and 241d and enters the dichroic prism 342b. At this time, the scattered light is absorbed by the reflected light absorbing plate 23, and the generation of secondary scattered light is prevented. G light goes straight, and the display panel 134b
Incident on. On the other hand, the B light is reflected by the light splitting surface 341a, enters the display panel 134a, is then reflected by the mirrors 241a and 241b, and is dichroic prism 342.
incident on b. Since the optical path lengths of the R and B lights are longer than the optical path length of the G light, it is preferable to arrange the relay lens 212 in the optical paths of the R and B lights. The light splitting surface 341c of the prism 342b reflects R light, and the light splitting surface 341d is B.
Reflects light. The light combined by the light separating surface 341 is incident on the projection lens 214 and projected. Note that (Fig. 41)
The light separating surface 442d is not limited to the above structure.
For example, the light separating surface 442c may reflect G light and the light separating surface 442c may reflect G light (the display panel 134a displays B light and 13
4b is not limited to the configuration for modulating G light).

The light absorbing film 3 is formed on the ineffective surface of the prism 342a.
Since 51 is applied and the light scattered by the display panel 134 is absorbed by the light absorbing film 351 and the reflected light absorbing plate 23, generation of secondary scattered light is suppressed, and good display contrast is realized. it can.

In FIG. 41, the prism 342 is used.
Although the display panel 134 is attached to a, the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the display panel 134 may be attached to the prism 342b that synthesizes light.

Further, in the configuration of (FIG. 41) or (FIG. 36) to (FIG. 39), the display panel is attached to the prism 342 via the optical coupling layer 14, but the invention is not limited to this. That is, there may be an air layer between the display panel 134 and the prism 342 without using the optical coupling layer 14. Even with this configuration, the light absorbing film 351 absorbs light diffusedly reflected in the prism 342 to improve the display contrast, and the reflected light absorbing plate 23 absorbs the reflected light. Because there is no. Also, in FIG.
However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, an air layer may be provided between the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the prism 342 without using the optical coupling layer 14. This is because even in this case, the reflected light absorbing plate 23 absorbs scattered light and the secondary scattered light can be prevented.

In the projection type display device of the present invention,
Although the PD display panel is used, the present invention is not limited to this, and a diffraction type display panel as shown in FIG. 7 may be used. This is because the technical idea of absorbing scattered light with a reflected light absorbing plate or the like has the same effect. This is
The same applies to the projection type display device of 3).

The above is the configuration of the projection type display device which combines and separates light using the dichroic prism 342. However, the technical idea of the present invention is that the reflected light absorbing plate 2
3 is connected to a display panel to prevent the occurrence of secondary scattering and improve the display contrast. Therefore, the dichroic prism 342 should not be limited to the dichroic prism 342.
It may be a prism (hereinafter referred to as PBS) that separates polarized light. The projection type display device of the present invention using the PBS 431 will be described below.

FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the projection type display device of the present invention using the PBS 431. Visible light from the lamp 211a is reflected by the mirror 241a and enters the PBS 431a. The PBS 431 is a cube-shaped polarizer in which the slopes of a pair of right-angle prisms are adhered to each other, and the dielectric multilayer film (light separation surface 341) is formed on the slope.
Are formed. The incident light on the light splitting surface 341 is split into P-polarized light and S-polarized light. Two display panels 134a and 134b are attached to the PBS 431.

A color filter 461 is formed on the pixel electrode 101 as shown in FIG. 46 and the like. The color filter 461 has three primary color types of R, G, and B, and is a mosaic color filter corresponding to each pixel 452. It may be formed on the counter electrode 102 like a conventional TN liquid crystal display panel, but in that case, it is difficult to phase-separate the liquid crystal and the resin component at the time of manufacturing the PD display panel.

As the resin 692, an ultraviolet curable resin (hereinafter referred to as UV resin) is generally used. At the time of manufacturing, a mixture of uncured UV resin 692 and liquid crystal 691 is sandwiched between the counter electrode 102 and the pixel electrode 101, and then ultraviolet rays are irradiated. However, the color filter 461 does not transmit ultraviolet rays. Therefore, when the color filter 461 is formed on the counter electrode 102, the liquid crystal 691 and the resin 69 may be generated if ultraviolet rays are made incident from the counter electrode 102 side.
2 cannot be phase separated. Therefore, ultraviolet rays are made to enter from the array substrate 12 side. But T
Since the FT 131, the signal line 103, and the like block ultraviolet rays,
The resin 692 on the TFT 131 and the signal line 103 is not cured. If the uncured resin remains, the stability of the panel deteriorates and the reliability decreases. Therefore, the color filter 46
1 is formed on the pixel electrode 101, a light shield is not formed on the counter electrode 102, and ultraviolet rays are emitted from the counter electrode 102 side. By doing so, the entire resin 692 can be cured.

The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is coupled to the emission side of the display panel 134 via the optical coupling layer 14. A spacer (not shown) is provided around the array substrate 12 and the reflected light absorbing plate 23, and the thickness of the optical coupling layer 16 is regulated by the spacer. Similarly to (FIG. 13), black paint 51 is applied to the ineffective surface of the reflection / absorption plate 23, and the antireflection film 141 is applied to the effective region 21 of the emission surface of the reflection / light absorption plate 23.

As a configuration in which the display panel 134 is attached to the PBS 431, the configuration of (FIG. 14) is conceivable.
5) A structure using a concave lens 23b as shown in FIG.
As described above, a configuration in which the array substrate 12 or the counter substrate 11 is the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is exemplified.

Dichroic prism 342 and PBS4
Since the function is different from that of 31, the effect of attaching the display panel 134 to the PBS 431 will be described with reference to (FIG. 44).

It is assumed that S-polarized light is incident on the display panel 134a and P-polarized light is incident on the display panel 134b. The S-polarized light incident on the display panel 134a is scattered by the liquid crystal layer 16. When scattered, a P-polarized component is generated.
The scattered and reflected light (S-polarized and P-polarized) is
It again enters the counter substrate 11 and returns to the PBS 431. The S-polarized light of the returned light is again separated by the light separation surface 34.
It reflects at 1a and returns to the a direction. In other words, it goes back to the light source side. The P-polarized light passes through the light separation surface 341a and is emitted in the b direction. This has the same effect as connecting the transparent substrate 24 to the counter substrate 11 side. A light absorption film 351 as shown in FIG. 35 is formed in the ineffective area of the PBS.

If the PBS 431 and the counter substrate 11 are not optically coupled, the scattered light is reflected at the interface between the counter substrate 11 and the air and returns to the liquid crystal layer 16 again to cause secondary scattering. Since the PBS 431 can be regarded as a thick transparent substrate, it hardly causes reflected light, and therefore 2
Since the secondary scattering hardly occurs, the display contrast is improved.

The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to the emission side of the display panel 134 via the optical coupling layer 14. The light scattered by the liquid crystal layer 16 and reflected at the interface 21 with the air is absorbed by the reflected light absorbing plate 23, and therefore the emitted light is
Secondary scattering does not occur. As described above, most of the scattered light (emitted light, reflected light) is absorbed, so that the display contrast is improved and a good image can be displayed.

The light transmitted through the two display panels 134a and 134b is combined by the PBS 341b and projected onto the projection lens 214.
The image is displayed by enlarging and projecting it at substantially the same position.

As described above, in the projection type display device of the embodiment of the present invention, the light emitted from the light source 211 is reflected by the PBS 43.
1a separates the optical paths of P-polarized light and S-polarized light, and the display panel 134 is arranged in each of the optical paths. That is, two display panels 134 are used. Further, the projection lens 214 is provided, and the projection lens 214 magnifies and projects the light modulated by the display panel 134 onto the screen. The images on the two display panels 134a and 134b are superimposed and projected. However, it is preferable that the images are overlapped by shifting by one pixel row or more or one image column or more. Because each display panel 13
4 has a color filter of three primary colors of R, G, and B, and by shifting one pixel, two colors are additively mixed on the screen and the definition is improved.

The display panels 134a and 134b are projected on a screen (not shown) in an overlapping manner, and the overlapping method is as shown in (FIG. 45). (FIG. 45 (a)) shows a case where the projection images 451a and 451b are shifted by one pixel row and overlapped. Assuming that the arrangement of the color filters of the projected images 451a and 451b is as shown in FIG. 46, pixel A
Indicates that the R color and the G color are overlapped, the pixel B indicates the G color and the B color overlap, and the pixel C indicates the B color and the R color overlap. Naturally, the display panels 134a and 134
In the case of b, it is necessary to sample the video signal by shifting it by one pixel column.

If the images are superimposed and projected as described above, the resolution of the projected image is higher than that of the projected image of the projection type display device (see (FIG. 49)) using one display panel 134. The screen brightness is also improved. Further, even if one of the two display panels 134 has a pixel defect, it is difficult to recognize the pixel defect. For example, even if the pixel A of the projected image 451b is a point defect,
It is extremely rare that the pixel of the display panel that is overlapped with the pixel A of the projected image 451a is defective. Therefore, if the pixels of one of the display panels are normal, the image is displayed normally, and therefore it cannot be considered as a defect. However, the pixel defect must be a black defect (a pixel defect that always displays black). To this end, process control must be performed so that white defects (pixel defects that constantly produce white display) are less likely to occur during the TFT formation process. In addition, defect correction may be performed using laser light or the like so that a white defect becomes a black defect.

As a matter of course, as shown in (FIG. 45 (b)), there is also a method in which the projected images 451a and 451b are shifted by one pixel and are superimposed and projected. If the pixel color filter is installed as shown in FIG. 46, the R and G colors are overlapped at the pixel D position, the G and B colors are overlapped at the E position, and the B and R colors are overlapped at the F position. It will be displayed. The effect and the like are the same as those described above, and therefore will be omitted.

In the above embodiment, the projected images are overlapped by shifting by one pixel row or one pixel column, but the invention is not limited to this, and the projected images may be overlapped by shifting by two pixels. It should be noted that the projection images in the regions that are not overlapped may be shielded from light by using a means such as a mask so as not to be displayed.

There is also a method of shifting by one half pixel instead of one pixel. If the pixels are shifted by half a pixel, the image of the pixel of the display panel 134b is projected between the pixels of the display panel 134a. Therefore, the contour of the pixel is inconspicuous, and a smooth projected image can be obtained.

Further, the above is the two display panels 134a.
And 134b, the same color filter 461 is attached. However, the color filter 461
If measures are taken, the images may be superimposed without shifting the pixels. That is, the display panels 134a and 134
You may match and project the projection image of b. For example,
This is a case where the upper left pixel of the color filter 461 of the display panel 134b is the R color filter 461 and the upper left pixel of the color filter 461 of the display panel 134a is the G color. That is, the color filters 461 are formed in different color arrangements on the display panels 134a and 134b. In this case, the two projected images are perfectly matched. Of course, the color filter 461 must be formed so that two different colors are additively mixed such that the R color of the display panel 134a is the display panel G color when they are matched. Also, the sampling of video signals is 2
The display panels 134 may have the same timing. Therefore, the projection of the pixel of the present invention with a shift should be considered including a case where the RGB color of the color filter 461 is formed with a shift.

In the projection type display device of the present invention, in order to prevent the occurrence of flicker, signals having different polarities are applied to the display panel for each row or column. The explanation is shown in (FIG. 47) and (FIG. 48).

FIG. 48 shows a driving method called 1-column inversion driving. In the figure, a pixel in which a positive polarity signal is written is displayed as “+”, and a pixel in which a negative polarity signal is written is displayed as “−”. (FIG. 48A) shows the polarities of the signals written in the pixels in the field at a certain time. Signals of opposite polarities are written in adjacent pixel columns. In the next field, the polarities are as shown in FIG. 48 (b).
That is, a pixel having a positive polarity signal written therein has a negative polarity signal written in the next field, and a pixel having a negative polarity signal written therein has a positive polarity signal written in the next field.

FIG. 47 shows a driving method called 1H inversion driving. FIG. 47A shows the state of signals written in the field pixels at a certain time, and the positive and negative signals are written for each row. The next field is as shown in FIG. 47 (b). That is, the polarity of the signal is inverted as in the previous driving method.

In the projection type display device of the present invention, the positive and negative polarities are overlapped in the overlapped pixels. In FIG. 45, if the pixel A of the projection image 451b is optically modulated by the positive polarity signal, the pixels of the projection image 451a overlapping the pixel A are optically modulated by the negative polarity signal. By performing the driving as described above, flicker can be significantly reduced.

As is clear from the above, (Fig. 45
When the projected images are overlapped as shown in (a)), the one-column inversion drive is performed. Further, as shown in FIG. 45 (b), 1H inversion drive is performed when overlapping projected images. Although any combination of the above may be used, in many cases the system performance will be better if one column inversion is performed and one pixel shift is adopted due to problems such as the drive capability of the source drive IC.

In addition to the driving method shown in FIGS. 47 and 48, there is a method called a pseudo interlaced driving method. The method is similar to the 1H inversion driving method shown in FIG. 47, but is a method of writing signals of the same polarity every two pixel rows. More precisely, the same image display is performed on two pixel rows. To reduce flicker (Fig. 45 (b))
The pixel rows are shifted as shown in. However, the pixels are overlapped by shifting by two pixel rows.

Incidentally, as shown in (FIG. 45), the technical idea of superposing two pixels, or the technical idea of shifting and projecting by approximately half a pixel, (FIG. 47) and FIG. The technical idea of making the signal polarities of the superimposed pixels opposite to each other is (FIG. 21) (FIG. 24) (FIG. 2).
5) (FIG. 26) (FIG. 34) (FIG. 41) and the projection type display device of the present invention described later (FIG. 57) can be applied with some modifications.
For example, each of these projection type display devices is provided with three display panels, and the above technical idea may be applied to two of them.

Further, (FIG. 43) (FIG. 34) or (FIG. 2)
If the configuration of 4) is housed in the cabinet 232 shown in FIG. 23, a rear projection type display device can be constructed.

It is needless to say that the PBS 431 may have a light separating surface 341 in the liquid 403 as shown in FIG. 40.

Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 43, the display panel is expressed as a transmissive display panel, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a reflective display panel may be used. . In that case, the pixel electrode 101 may be configured as a reflective electrode using a metal such as aluminum. The configuration of the projection type display device may be obtained by making some design changes to the configuration of (FIG. 34). (For example, in FIG. 34, the prism 342 is the PBS 431 and the display panel is two plates.) Further, the color filter has three primary colors of R, G, and B, but is not limited to this. It may be two colors. Further, the color filter may be omitted. Invention 2
By projecting two images in an overlapping manner, it is possible to obtain the effects of improving resolution, reducing flicker, and improving screen brightness. This effect is not affected by the presence or absence of color filters.

Further, in order to realize color display using one display panel 134 of the present invention, it is sufficient to configure as shown in (FIG. 49) (FIG. 50). (FIG. 49) is a configuration including a color filter. (FIG. 50) is a configuration that realizes full-color display without a color filter. (FIG. 49) may be self-explanatory from the illustration and the previous description. Here, (FIG. 50) will be described.

In FIG. 50, the microlens array 501 is attached to the counter substrate 11 of the display panel 134 with an ultraviolet curable adhesive. The microlens array 501 has a matrix of microlenses 502.
Are formed. Array substrate 12 of display panel 134
A reflected light absorbing plate 23 is optically adhered to the side through the optical coupling layer 14.

The white light emitted from the lamp 211a is separated by the dichroic mirror 213 into three primary colors of R, G and B. That is, the R light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 213c, the G light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 213b, and the B light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 213a, and enters the display panel 134.

On the display panel 134, microlenses are arranged at positions corresponding to the respective pixel electrodes 101. The lens 502 collects light of the three primary colors to a specific pixel of the display panel 134 to form an image. The light passing through each pixel enters the projection lens 214 and is projected on the screen. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 has a function of preventing the occurrence of secondary scattering as described with reference to FIG.

With the above arrangement, the light utilization rate is improved and high brightness display can be realized. Also, in the PD display panel, it is necessary to irradiate the liquid crystal layer 16 with ultraviolet rays to separate the liquid crystal component and the resin component into phases when the panel is manufactured. At this time, if the color filter 461 is formed on the display panel, the color filter 461 does not transmit ultraviolet rays and it is difficult to find conditions for phase separation. With the configuration of FIG. 50, the color filter 461 is not formed, and the PD display panel 134 can be easily manufactured. In addition, the color filter 4
Since 61 is not required, cost reduction of the display panel 134 can be expected.

In addition, in order to realize color display using a single reflection type display panel, an optical system for modulating light of one color of RGB in (FIG. 25) is taken out and as a light valve (FIG. 27). It is needless to say that the reflection type display panel of the present invention shown in)) to which the color filter 461 is attached may be used.

Next, a method of increasing the display contrast while maintaining high-luminance display in the projection type display device will be described. (FIG. 51) is a first embodiment for realizing the above method. The projection lens 214 includes a front lens group 511a and a rear lens group 511b.
The output convergence lens 517 and the rear lens group 511b make the diaphragm 516 and the diaphragm 518 conjugate with each other.

The input section converging lens array 514 comprises a plurality of input section converging lenses 519 arranged two-dimensionally. An example of the configuration is shown in FIG. 52. Ten input-portion converging lenses 519 having rectangular openings are arranged so as to be inscribed in the area of the perfect circle. The ten input-portion converging lenses 519 are plano-convex lenses having the same aperture shape, and the ratio of the long side to the short side of the rectangular aperture is 4: 3.

Similarly, the central converging lens array 515 is
A plurality of central converging lenses 520 are two-dimensionally arranged and configured. A central converging lens 520 having the same number and the same aperture as the input converging lens 519 is arranged similarly to the input converging lens array 514.

Illumination procedures in the projection display device will be described. The light emitted from the light emitting body 512 of the metal halide lamp 211a is reflected by the parabolic mirror 211b, travels approximately parallel to the optical axis 524, and enters the input section converging lens array 514. Since the cross-sectional shape of the light emitted from the parabolic mirror 211b is generally a perfect circle, the input section converging lens array 514 is configured so that the total sum of the apertures of the input section converging lens 519 is inscribed therein. The light that has passed through the input unit converging lens array 514 is divided into the same number of partial light beams as the input unit converging lens 519, and each partial light beam illuminates the display area of the PD display panel 134.

The light that has passed through the input section converging lens 519 is
Each is guided to and converged in the corresponding aperture of the central converging lens 520. Secondary light emitters, for example, 521A and 521B are formed on the respective openings of the central converging lens 520. An example of the plurality of secondary light emitters 521 formed on the central converging lens array 515 is schematically shown in (FIG. 53). The central converging lenses 520 each effectively transmit corresponding light onto the display area of the PD display panel 134.
Specifically, a real image 513 of an object on the principal plane of the corresponding input unit converging lens 519, for example, 522A, 522B is formed in the vicinity of the display area of the PD display panel 134. However, each central-portion converging lens 520 is appropriately decentered, and a plurality of images are superimposed to form one real image 513.

According to the above configuration, the PD display panel 13
The display area of No. 4 and the respective openings of the input-portion converging lens 519 have a substantially conjugate relationship with each other. Therefore, if the opening of the input-portion converging lens 519 has a similar shape to the display area of the PD display panel 134, the cross section of the illumination light and the shape of the display area can be matched to each other to suppress light loss. Therefore, (Fig.
The input part converging lens array 514 shown in 2) is an NTS.
P that displays an image with an aspect ratio of 4: 3 corresponding to C
It may be used in combination with the D display panel 134.

Generally, the light emitted from a concave mirror such as a parabolic mirror has a relatively large brightness unevenness. When the PD display panel 134 is illuminated by transmitting light with large brightness unevenness as it is, the uniformity of the brightness of the projected image deteriorates. Illumination using only a region with relatively uniform brightness results in an increase in the amount of light that cannot be used, resulting in a decrease in light utilization efficiency. On the other hand, the projection-type display device of the present invention has advantages that it is possible to obtain high light utilization efficiency and obtain a projection image with excellent brightness uniformity. The reason is described below.

The input-portion converging lens array 514 splits light having large brightness unevenness into a plurality of partial light beams. The brightness unevenness of each partial light beam on the opening of the input-portion converging lens 519 is smaller than the brightness unevenness of the light beam cross section before division. Each of the central converging lenses 515 enlarges the partial luminous flux with less uneven brightness to an appropriate size and superimposes it on the display area of the PD display panel 134. Therefore, it is possible to realize illumination with good brightness uniformity.

Since the sum of the apertures of the input-portion converging lens 519 is inscribed in the cross section of the incident light beam, the optical loss in the input-portion converging lens array 514 is small. Further, since each of the apertures of the central converging lens 520 has a sufficient size with respect to the secondary light emitter 521, the central converging lens array 5
The light loss at 15 is small. Further, since the cross section of the light incident on the PD display panel 134 is matched with the shape of the display area, the light loss in the PD display panel 134 is small. Therefore, most of the light emitted from the light emitter 512 is reflected by the parabolic mirror 211b, and the input converging lens array 514, the central converging lens array 515, the output converging lens 517, and the PD display panel 134 are reflected. It passes through and reaches the projection lens 214. Therefore, the projection lens 2
If the light loss in 14 is suppressed, a high light utilization efficiency is realized, and a bright projected image with excellent brightness uniformity is obtained.

By the way, the central part converging lens array 515
Since a plurality of secondary light emitters 521 are discretely formed on the upper side, the effective F number of the illumination light in this case is determined from the irradiation angle equivalently converted from the total area of the secondary light emitters 521. There is a need. On the other hand, the converging angle of the light emitted from the PD display panel 134 at the most angle with the optical axis 524 is a value larger than this equivalent irradiation angle. Therefore, in order to suppress light loss, it is necessary to make the effective F number of the projection lens 214 smaller than the effective effective F number of the illumination light. This is a problem because it lowers the contrast of the projected image in the case of a PD display panel.

On the other hand, in the projection type display device of this embodiment, the apertures on the illumination light side and the projection lens side are both of the minimum necessary size without increasing light loss due to the functions of the apertures 516 and 518. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the contrast. Specifically, the aperture of the diaphragm 516 on the illumination light side is shaped as shown in (FIG. 54) in accordance with the effective area of the secondary light emitters 521 formed discretely. The broken line corresponds to each aperture of the central converging lens 520 (FIG. 53). Further, since a real image of the secondary light emitter 521 is formed on the aperture of the diaphragm 518 on the projection lens side, the diaphragm 5
The aperture shape of 18 is also the same as the aperture shape of the diaphragm 516. As a result, the light that has passed through the aperture stop 516 will not pass through the aperture stop 518.
Since it passes through, high light utilization efficiency can be realized. At the same time, the projection lens 214 provides the minimum necessary aperture required by the illumination light, so that a display image with high contrast can be realized. As a result, a bright and high-quality projected image can be provided, and a very large effect can be obtained.

The input part converging lens array 514 and the central part converging lens array 51 used in the projection type display device of the present invention.
5, the diaphragm 516, and the diaphragm 518 are more preferably configured as follows. FIG. 55 shows the configuration of the central converging lens array 515 in this case. Generally, the secondary light emitter 52
The size of 1 corresponds to the input section converging lens 5 located near the optical axis.
The larger the number of formations of 19, the larger. Therefore, the apertures of the central-portion converging lens 520 do not necessarily have to be the same, and may be set to the necessary and sufficient size for each of the secondary light emitters 521. If a plurality of central converging lenses 520 with effectively different apertures are aggregated and arranged to form the central converging lens array 515, there is an advantage that the total sum of the aperture regions can be reduced. The input-portion converging lens array combined with the central-portion converging lens array 515 is constructed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 54, and each of the input-portion converging lenses is appropriately decentered so that the corresponding central-portion converging lens 520 has an aperture. The secondary light emitter 521 may be formed in the center.

In this case, it is preferable to use an aperture stop 518 shown in FIG. 56 instead of the illumination light side stop 516. The same applies to the diaphragm 518 on the projection lens side.
This has the advantage that the aperture diameter of the central converging lens array 515 can be reduced and the lens diameter of the projection lens 214 can be reduced without causing light loss.

The projection type display device of the present embodiment obtains a greater effect when the plurality of secondary light emitters are discretely formed to illuminate the light valve 135 as described above. Even if the projection lens 214 having a large maximum collection angle is used,
By providing the diaphragm having a plurality of apertures discretely, it is possible to provide the minimum aperture required for the light emitted from the light valve 135. As a result, a bright and high-contrast projection image can be obtained.

If a color filter 461 having a mosaic shape is attached to the PD display panel 134, a single display panel can display a color image.

FIG. 57 is a block diagram of a projection type display device which develops the projection type display device of FIG. 51 and performs full color display using three display panels. It should be noted that the following embodiments will be described mainly focusing on the differences from the first embodiment. Three PD display panels corresponding to the three primary colors are used. The parabolic mirror 211b, the input part converging lens array 514, the central part converging lens array 515, and the output part converging lens 517 are the same as those shown in (FIG. 51), and have been described in (FIG. 51). PD display panels 134a, 134b, 134c by the same procedure as
Illuminate each display area of. However, due to the functions of the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b and the plane mirror 241b, the illumination light is separated into color lights of the three primary colors and guided to the corresponding display areas of the PD display panel 134.

On the PD display panel 134, an optical image corresponding to the three primary colors is formed on each display area in accordance with a video signal supplied from the outside. The projection lens 214 includes a front lens group 511a and a rear lens group 511b,
An optical image of the three primary colors is enlarged and projected on the screen. The light emitted from the PD display panel 134 has one optical path combined by the functions of the dichroic mirrors 213c and 213d and the plane mirror 241a, so that a full-color projection image is obtained.

The diaphragm 516 on the illumination light side and the diaphragm 518 on the projection lens side are the same as those shown in (FIG. 51).
Used for the same purpose. The output-side converging lens 517 and the rear group lens 511b are appropriately configured so that the diaphragm 518 and the diaphragm 516 have a conjugate relationship with each other.

A transparent adhesive is used on the emission side of the PD display panel 134, and a plano-concave lens-like reflected light absorbing plate 23 is joined with the concave surface facing the emission side.
1 is applied, and an antireflection film 141 is vapor-deposited on the concave surface. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is made of acrylic resin by molding. Since the same lens can be formed by using a mold for molding, mass productivity is good.

On the emission side of the reflected light absorbing plate 23, a positive lens 201 is arranged close to it. The radius of curvature of the convex surface of the positive lens 201 is equal to the radius of curvature of the concave surface of the reflected light absorbing plate 23. A thin air gap is provided between the convex surfaces of both lenses. An antireflection film 141 is vapor-deposited on both surfaces of the positive lens 201 similarly to the plano-concave lens. In addition, the projection lens 214
In the state where the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the positive lens 201 are combined, the optical image on the liquid crystal layer 16 is formed on the screen. Focus adjustment of the projected image is performed by moving the projection lens along the optical axis 514.
Also, in this design, we must not forget to consider the MTF described in (Fig. 4).

The PD display panel 134 is not so strongly dependent on the incident angle of the optical characteristics as the TN display panel, but if the incident angle of the incident light is too large, the optical path length when passing through the liquid crystal layer 16 becomes long. Therefore, the scattering characteristics change. That is, if the incident angle of the light beam incident on the PD display panel 134 varies depending on the place, the image quality of the projected image becomes non-uniform. On the other hand, in order to reduce the radius of curvature of the concave surface of the reflected light absorbing plate 23, it is necessary to make convergent light having a large converging angle incident on the PD display panel 134 or to increase the effective diameter of the projection lens 214. The former has a problem that the image quality of the projected image becomes non-uniform because the image quality is not uniform depending on the location on the PD display panel 134, and the latter causes a problem that the projection lens 214 becomes large and the cost becomes high. PD display panel 134
When the scattering angle dependency of the incident light is large, as shown in (FIG. 57), by combining the concave lens 23 and the positive lens 201, the projection lens 214 does not have to be upsized.
Since light that is nearly parallel to the PD display panel 134 can be made incident, it is easy to ensure the image quality uniformity of the projected image.

Although the transmission type display panel 134 is used as the light valve 135 in FIGS. 51 and 57, it is technical that the display contrast is improved by using the diaphragm 516 of FIG. The idea can also be applied to a reflective projection display device.

(FIG. 58) is an embodiment in which the configuration of (FIG. 51) is applied to the configuration of (FIG. 25). In addition,
In FIG. 58, the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is not limited to the concave lens shape, but may be a plate shape as shown in FIG. 1, for example.

In the reflection type projection display device, the projection lens 2 is used.
The diaphragm 518 is placed in the upper position of 14 (in FIG. 58). This is because the lower position is the path of incident light. Since the description of the other configurations has been given in (FIG. 25) and (FIG. 51), the explanation is omitted.

In FIG. 58, the light valve 135
As an example, an example using an optical writing type display panel is shown. As the optical writing type display panel, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-9
There is one exemplified in Japanese Patent No. 3519. The photo-writing type display panel has a structure in which a PD liquid crystal is sandwiched between a substrate in which a substrate electrode, a photoexcitation layer, a light shielding film, and a dielectric mirror are sequentially laminated, and a substrate in which a counter electrode is formed. The image of the CRT 581 is transferred to the display panel 134, and the transferred image is enlarged and projected.

FIG. 58 shows a structure using a dichroic mirror 213 in the color separation / color combining optical system, and FIG. 59 shows a structure using a prism 591. The structure of the prism shown in FIG. 59 is adopted in the CCD section of a commercial video camera and is a structure of the invention of Philips Corporation, so it will not be necessary to explain it. The display panel 134 and the reflected light absorbing plate 23 are arranged on the three prisms 591 shown in FIG. 59. It is preferable that the reflected light absorbing plate 23 and the prism 591 are attached to each other with the optical coupling layer 14.
This is because halation reflected by the plate 23 or the like can be prevented.

Although the PD liquid crystal is used as the light modulation layer 16, it may be possible to form an optical image by changing the light scattering state. For example, PN liquid crystal, dynamic scattering mode (DSM), PLZT or the like may be used.

The reflection type projection type display device ((FIG. 25), (FIG. 26), (FIG. 34), (FIG. 58), (FIG. 5) of the present invention.
In 9)), it is necessary to pay attention to the incident direction and the emission direction of the light incident on the light separation surface. Specifically, (FIG. 25) must be as shown in (FIG. 71). (FIG. 25), (FIG. 2
6) and the like are shown only for ease of illustration and description. Hereinafter, the reason for doing (FIG. 71) will be described.

In the case of the structure shown in FIG. 25, the light source 21
The light axis 251a of the illumination light that illuminates the display panel 134 with the light emitted from 1 and the light axis 252b of the projection light that is reflected by the display panel 134 and reaches the screen 253 through the projection lens 214 are the dichroic mirror 213.
The angles of incidence on are different from each other. As the dichroic mirror 213, generally used is one in which a dielectric multilayer film is vapor-deposited on a transparent substrate and which transmits or reflects light in a specific wavelength band. This type of dichroic mirror has a characteristic that the spectral performance shifts depending on the incident angle of light rays, and when the optical axis 252a and the optical axis 252b are incident at different angles as shown in FIG. Since the characteristics and the spectral characteristics for color combination are different from each other, it is difficult to obtain a projected image with a desired color purity.

In the configuration of the projection type display device of FIG. 71,
The optical axis 252a of the illumination light and the optical axis 252b of the projection light reflected by the display panel 134 and projected by the projection lens 214 are the center normal of the display panel and the center normal of the light separating surface such as a dichroic mirror. Can be symmetric with respect to the plane containing. Therefore, the angles of incidence on the light splitting surfaces can be made equal to each other. Therefore, the spectral performance after color separation matches the spectral performance after color combination, and the projection image displayed on the screen 253 can obtain a desired color purity.

As described above, the advantages of the projection type display device of FIG. 71 are clear, and when the reflection type liquid crystal display panel utilizing natural light is used, the color purity is good and the color uniformity is excellent. That is, it is possible to easily realize the display of the projected image.

Dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b
Is a glass substrate on which a dielectric multilayer film in which low-refractive index layers and high-refractive index layers are alternately laminated is vapor-deposited, and the color separation / synthesis surface (light separation surface 341) is provided on each of the display panels 134a, 1a.
The light modulating layers 16 of 34b and 134c are arranged at an angle of 45 °.

The light emitted from the lamp 211a passes through the cold mirror 211b and the mirror 241 and sequentially enters the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b. The light incident on the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b is R, G, B.
The three primary color lights are incident on the three corresponding display panels 134a, 134b, and 134c, and the reflected light is incident on the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b again. The R, G, and B primary color lights are combined by the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b, transmitted through the aperture stop, and then enlarged and projected onto a screen (not shown) by the projection lens 214.

Display panels 134a, 134b, 134c
Of the light that has entered the pixel in the scattered state and is reflected as scattered light.
Alternatively, most of the light is blocked by the inner wall of the lens barrel (not shown) to provide black display. On the other hand, the light that enters the pixel in the non-scattering state, is specularly reflected, and travels is projected by the projection lens 214.
Of the aperture stop and the lens group forming the projection lens 214, and reaches the screen 253 as a white display.
In this way, the display panels 134a, 134b, 134
An optical image modulated as a scattering mode or a non-scattering mode on c is displayed as a projection image on the screen.

In the structure shown in FIG. 71, the plane including the optical axis 252a of the illumination light emitted from the light source 211 and the optical axis 252b of the projection light reflected by the display panel 134 is the center normal line of the display panel 134. And the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b are arranged perpendicularly to the plane including the center normals of the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b.
The surface including b is a dichroic mirror 213a, 213b.
It makes an angle of 45 ° with the color separation composite surface. Therefore,
Both the illumination light and the projection light can be incident on the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b at the same incident angle of 45 °.

Dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b
The spectral transmittance of is shown in FIGS. 72 (a) and 72 (b). (Fig. 7
2 (a) shows the spectral transmittance when the incident angle of light on the dichroic mirror 213a is 45 °. The dichroic mirror 213a reflects R light and transmits G light and B light. It is a type. Further, (FIG. 72 (b)) shows the spectral transmittance when the incident angle of the light beam on the dichroic mirror 213b is 45 °.
13b is a type that reflects B light and transmits G light.

According to the structure of this embodiment, the spectral performances in the case of color separation and the spectral performances in the case of color combination are the same, so that the spectral performances shown in FIGS. 72 (a) and 72 (b) remain unchanged. It can be reflected in the projected image.

For comparison, a case will be described below in which the same dichroic mirror as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 71 is used and the structure shown in FIG. The optical axis 252a of the illumination light is displayed on the display panels 134a, 134b, 13
If the optical axis 252a of the illuminating light and the optical axis 252b of the projected light form an angle of 10 ° if the light is incident on 4c at 5 °, the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b of the illuminating light are formed.
The incident angle of 40 ° on the dichroic meer 2
The incident angle on 13a and 213b is 50 °. The spectral transmittances when the incident angle is 40 ° and when the incident angle is 50 ° are shown in FIGS. 73 (a) and 73 (b). (FIG. 73 (a)) shows the spectral transmittance of the dichroic mirror 213a, and (FIG. 73 (b)) shows the spectral transmittance of the dichroic mirror 213b. The solid line in the figure indicates the incident angle of light rays of 40 °, and the dotted line indicates The case where the incident angle of the light beam is 50 ° is shown. (Fig. 73
From (a) and (b), the spectral performance of the illumination light and the spectral performance of the projected light are significantly different due to the wavelength shift depending on the incident angle, and it is possible to obtain a desired color purity without lowering the light utilization efficiency. It turns out to be difficult.

Similarly, the technical idea of considering the incident angles of the projection light and the illumination light on the dichroic mirror 213 can be applied to (FIG. 26) (FIG. 58) as it is (FIG. 3).
4) and (Fig. 59), dichroic mirror 213
It goes without saying that the same can be applied even if the is replaced with the dichroic prism 591.

If the display panel of the present invention of FIG. 77 is used as a light valve, a desired color purity can be obtained (in the arrangement of FIG. 25) without adopting the configuration of FIG. 71. it can. Hereinafter, this method will be described with reference to FIG. 81.

(A) to (e) in FIG. 81 are shown in FIG.
5) shows the spectral distribution of light in the optical arrangement state of 5), the dotted line indicates the P-polarized component, and the solid line indicates the S-polarized component. However, in order to facilitate understanding of the spectral distribution, wavelength bands and the like are illustrated as models.

First, P-polarized light and S-polarized light will be defined. P
Polarized light refers to light that oscillates on a plane that includes the plane normal to the dichroic mirror (in the case of a dichroic prism, the normal to the light splitting surface) and the traveling direction of the light ray. S-polarized light refers to light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the vibrating direction of the P light.

It is known that the light reflected by the dichroic mirror has a wider band for S-polarized light than for P-polarized light. On the contrary, the light passing through the dichroic mirror is wider in the P polarized light than in the S polarized light band.

For example, if the dichroic mirror is R
In the case of a dichroic mirror that reflects light, the S-polarized component of the R light reflects light with a wide band wavelength, and the P-polarized component of R light transmits light with a wide band wavelength. Therefore, the S-polarized R light also reflects light close to the G light band, and the P-polarized R light also transmits light close to the G light band. That is, it means that the dichroic mirror cannot properly separate the R light. As shown in the conventional example, this is a factor that deteriorates the hue. In a TN liquid crystal display panel or the like, there is no problem because a polarizing plate is used and light modulation is performed using only one of P-polarized light and S-polarized light, but it is a problem in a display panel that does not use polarized light.

The light reflected from the lamp 211a is reflected by the mirror 2
It is reflected at 41. The spectral distribution of the light (Fig. 81
(A)). (FIG. 81 (a)) to (FIG. 81 (e))
The horizontal axis of the graph is the wavelength of light (nm). The dichroic mirror 213a reflects the R light, and its spectral distribution is shown in FIG. 81 (b). Dichroic mirror 21
3b reflects the B light and transmits the G light. The spectral distribution of the reflected B light is shown in FIG.
The spectral distribution of light is shown in FIG. 81 (d). The dichroic mirror 213c narrows the band of R light to improve color purity.

As shown in (FIG. 81), when the dichroic mirror is arranged at an angle of about 45 ° with respect to the optical axis 251, the spectral distribution of reflected light theoretically has a wider band for S-axis light, P-polarized light becomes narrower. If the incident angle becomes smaller, the bands of P-polarized light and S-polarized light will match, but the optical system for color separation / color synthesis will become larger. One method of coping with this phenomenon was the configuration of (FIG. 71).

When the liquid crystal layer 16 of the liquid crystal display panel 134 is in the transmissive state, the light (FIGS. 81 (b) (c) (d)) color-separated by the dichroic mirrors 213a, 213b is reflected by the reflective electrode 273 of the liquid crystal display panel 134. Is reflected by, and is again incident on the dichroic mirrors 213a and 213b, and color combination is performed. That is, the spectral distributions of FIGS. 81 (b) (c) (d) are maintained as they are. The spectral distribution of the light combined by the dichroic mirror is shown in FIG. 81 (e).
The light having the spectral distribution enters the projection lens 214 and is projected on the screen.

As can be seen from FIG. 81 (e), R,
It can be seen that the wavelength bands of the G and B lights overlap. This occurs because the band of light reflected by the dichroic mirror differs between P-polarized light and S-polarized light. Of the light incident on the display panel 134c that modulates the G light, the S-polarized light includes light in the R light and B light bands. Therefore, the display panel 134c originally needs to modulate only G light, but also modulates R light and B light.
Therefore, the hue of the projection type image is lowered.

In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, the transparent substrate 771 has a light band limiting function as described in (FIG. 77). That is, the light incident on the transparent substrate 771 (when the transparent substrate has the function of a light absorption filter)
Is modulated by the liquid crystal layer 16 and limits the band of light when emitted from the transparent substrate 771 again. The transparent substrate 771
When an interference film made of a dielectric thin film is formed on the above to form an interference filter, a part of the incident light is reflected and band-limited before the light enters the liquid crystal layer 16. The band limitation limits the narrower one of the P-polarized light and the S-polarized light incident on the light valve 135 as the bandwidth. With this configuration, the overlapping of the light bands as shown in FIG. 81 (e) is eliminated, and a display image with good color purity can be realized.

Further, (FIG. 80) has a configuration in which a plano-concave lens 801 is optically coupled to the incident side of the display panel 134. Further, a positive lens 802 is arranged close to the plano-concave lens 801. And the plano-concave lens 801
And the positive lens 802 function as a convex lens as a whole, and the convex lens 802 functions as an output unit converging lens 517. That is, in the configuration of (FIG. 80), the plano-concave lens 801, the positive lens, and the rear group lens 511a do not use the output-portion converging lens 517 shown in (FIG. 57), and the stop 516 and the stop 518 have a conjugate relationship with each other. There is.

The plano-concave lenses 801 and 802 have a function of preventing secondary scattered light and improve the display contrast. Further, since the positive lens 802 is fitted close to the plano-concave lens 801, and the two lenses function as the output part converging lens 517, no space is required. Therefore, it is not necessary to lengthen the back focus of the projection lens or the illumination optical system, and the optical design becomes easy. The above applies also to other embodiments of the present invention. Of course, the plano-concave lens may have the configuration of the reflected light absorbing plate 23a as shown in (FIG. 15), or the transparent substrate 24 may be colored as shown in (FIG. 77) or (FIG. 7).
A configuration having the light absorbing portion 781 of 8) may be used.

Further, the structure using the lens array 514 and the like can be applied to a projection type display device having three projection lenses 214 as shown in FIG. Its configuration diagram (Fig. 7
9). It may be considered that there are three systems (Fig. 52). Therefore, the description is omitted.

The technical idea of the reflected light absorbing plate 23 of the present invention can be applied not only to a light valve of a projection type display device but also to a display device (called a viewfinder) used for a video camera, for example. Embodiments in which the display panel of the present invention is adopted as a light valve of a viewfinder will be described below.

(FIG. 60) is an external view of the viewfinder of the present invention, and (FIG. 61) and (FIG. 62) are (FIG. 6).
It is sectional drawing of 0). Inside the body 601, an attachment holder 617 to which the condenser lens 614 and the display panel 134 are attached is arranged. Further, an eyepiece ring 616 having a magnifying lens 615 is arranged inside the mounting holder 617. Reference numeral 611 denotes a fluorescent light emitting tube, and the light emitted by the fluorescent light emitting tube 611 is emitted from a hole 613 in the central portion of the light shielding plate 612. The body 601 and the mounting holder 617 have their inner surfaces painted black or dark in order to absorb unnecessary light. The fluorescent light emitting tube 611 includes a light emitting diode (LED) and a fluorescent light emitting element (V
FD) or the like may be used. Alternatively, a surface generation source or the like can be used.

By pulling the mounting holder 618 toward the observer, the mounting holder 617 is pulled and the arrangement shown in FIG. 62 is obtained. (FIG. 61) shows a state in which the viewfinder is not used, that is, a stored state. In the state of (FIG. 62), the focal position of the condenser lens 614 is set to be the light emitting surface of the light emitting element 611. By moving the mounting holder 617, it is possible to reduce the volume of the viewfinder during storage and reduce the total length.

As an example, the diagonal length of the display area of the display panel 134 is 28 mm, the effective diameter of the condenser lens 614 is 30 mm, and the focal length is 15 mm. The condenser lens 614 is a plano-convex lens, and the plane thereof faces the light emitting element 611 side. The condenser lens 614 and the magnifying lens 61
5 may be replaced with a Fresnel lens. If a Fresnel lens is used, the viewfinder volume can be reduced and the weight can be reduced. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to the display panel 134. Reference numeral 612 is a light shielding plate having a circular hole 613 in the center. It has a function of reducing a region where light is emitted from the light emitting element 611 to a small region. Hole 6
When the area of 13 becomes large, the display image on the display panel 134 becomes bright, but the contrast is lowered. This is because the amount of light incident on the condenser lens 614 increases, but the directivity of the incident light deteriorates.

The light emitted from the light-emitting element 611 in a wide solid angle is converted into light having a narrow directivity by being nearly parallel by the condenser lens 614, and is incident from the counter electrode (not shown) side of the display panel 134. . The observer brings his or her eyes into close contact with the eyepiece cover 602 to see the display image on the display panel 134. That is, the position of the observer's pupil is almost fixed. Assuming that all pixels of the display panel 134 allow light to go straight, the condenser lens 614 is emitted from the light emitting element 611, and all the light incident on the effective area of the condenser lens 614 is observed after passing through the magnifying lens 615. Incident on the eyes of the person. In this way, the viewer can magnify and see the small display image on the display panel 134. In other words, you can see the enlarged virtual image.

Since the position of the observer's pupil in the viewfinder is substantially fixed by the eyepiece cover 602, the light source arranged behind it may have a narrow directivity. In a conventional viewfinder that uses a light box that uses a fluorescent tube as a light source, only light that travels within a small solid angle in one direction from a region that is substantially the same size as the display region of the display panel 134 is used, and the other direction. The light traveling to is not used. That is,
The light utilization efficiency is very poor.

In the present invention, a light source having a small luminous body is used,
The light emitted from the light-emitting body in a wide solid angle is converted into nearly parallel light by the condenser lens 614. In this way, the directivity of the light emitted from the condenser lens 614 becomes narrow. If the observer's viewpoint is fixed, the above-mentioned narrow directional light is sufficient for the viewfinder. If the size of the luminous body is small, naturally, the power consumption is also small. As described above, the viewfinder of the present invention utilizes that the observer views the displayed image with the viewpoint fixed. A normal direct-view display panel requires a certain viewing angle, but the viewfinder is sufficient as an application if the displayed image can be observed well from a predetermined direction. Both the viewfinder and the video camera of the present invention are fixed to the video camera by the mounting bracket 603.

As shown in FIG. 46, a color filter 461 is attached to the display panel 134. The pixel arrangement is a so-called square arrangement. A delta arrangement may be used. The color filter 461 transmits any one of R, G, and B colors. The film thickness of each color may be controlled by the components of the color filter 461. The film thickness of the color filter 461 is adjusted and formed when the color filter is manufactured.
That is, the thickness of the color filter 461 is changed by R, G, and B. Depending on the film thickness of the color filter 461, the film thickness 16 of the liquid crystal on each pixel is
It can be adjusted according to the color. For the R pixel, the film thickness 16 of the liquid crystal layer is increased. This is because the PD display panel has poor R light scattering characteristics.

By adjusting the degree of insertion of the eyepiece ring 616 into the body 601, the focus can be adjusted according to the visual acuity of the observer. The eyepiece cover 60
Since the position of the observer's eyes is fixed by 2, the viewpoint position hardly changes during use of the viewfinder. If the viewpoint is fixed, the observer can see a good image even if the directivity of light to the display panel 134 is narrow. In order to make it look better, the light emitting element 6
The emission direction of the light from 11 may be moved to the optimum direction.

FIG. 63 is a sectional view of a fluorescent light emitting tube as an embodiment of the light emitting device 611 used in the viewfinder of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 63, the fluorescent light emitting tube has a miniature bulb-like shape in appearance. 631 is a case made of glass and has a diameter of 5 mm to 20 mm.
633 is a filament. The filament 633 is heated by applying a voltage of about 4 V to 8 V DC. Reference numeral 634 is an anode, and the applied voltage is DC 15 to
It is about 25V. The anode voltage accelerates the electrons emitted by heating the filament 633. Mercury molecules (not shown) are enclosed in the case 631, and the accelerated electrons emit ultraviolet rays by colliding with the mercury molecules. This ultraviolet ray excites the phosphor 632 to generate visible light. As such a light emitting element 611, there is a fluorescent light emitting tube (Lunalite 07 series) manufactured by Mini Pyro Electric Co., Ltd. The arc tube has a diameter of 7 mm, and is used by applying a direct current with a heater voltage of 5 V and an anode voltage of 23 V.

The amount of radiated light can be adjusted by pulse driving. The pulse period is 30 hertz or more, preferably 60 hertz or more. By making the voltage applied to the anode a pulse signal, the amount of emitted light can be varied in proportion to the pulse width.

As shown in FIG. 63 (b), if a light-shielding film 635 is formed on the case 631 to reduce the emission area of the light emitted from the light emitting element, the light-shielding film shown in FIG. 61 is produced. The plate 612 is no longer needed.

As described above, in the viewfinder of the present invention, the light emitted from the small light-emitting body of the light-emitting element 611 in a wide solid angle is efficiently condensed by the condenser lens 614. The power consumption of the light source can be significantly reduced as compared with the case of using the backlight of the light source. Further, since the reflected light absorbing plate 23 is also very thin, a sufficient halation prevention effect can be obtained, and the light valve 135 does not become large, and high contrast display can be realized.

Further, the condenser lens 614 and the light emitting element 611.
Since the distance between and can be changed, the volume and the total length of the viewfinder can be shortened when the viewfinder is used. A video camera is desired to be compact, and by using the viewfinder of the present invention, both low power consumption and compactness can be realized.

The technical idea of the present invention can be applied to not only the viewfinder. For example, there is a direct-view monitor shown in (FIG. 64). The magnifying lens 615 and the like are removed from FIG. 62, and the condenser lens 614 is replaced by the Fresnel lens 6
The one set to 41 is applicable. The Fresnel lens is used because the size of the display panel is relatively large such as 3 inches or more, and the convex lens 614 increases the size and weight. If the Fresnel lens 641 is used, a large-diameter lens can be easily manufactured and the weight can be reduced. However, the pitch of the Fresnel lens and the pixels of the display panel 134 may interfere with each other to cause moire. The effect of moire can be reduced to a practically sufficient level by considering (Equation 18) and (Equation 19).

The light emitted from the light emitting element 611 is reflected by the mirror 241 and enters the display panel 641. The display panel 134 modulates the white light according to a video signal. The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is attached to the display panel 134 via the optical coupling layer 14. The reflected light absorbing plate 2
3 prevents the light scattered by the display panel 134 from becoming secondary scattered light.

In FIG. 64, the point light source 611 is used. The light source may be a surface light source. For example (Fig. 6
5) is illustrated. A rod-shaped fluorescent tube 651 is attached to one end of the light guide plate 652, and the light emitted from the fluorescent tube 651 is diffusely reflected inside the light guide plate 652, so that the light guide plate 65 is provided.
2 is a surface light source.

The prism plate 653 controls the light emitted from the light guide plate 652 in all directions so that only the light within a certain angle range is applied to the display panel 134. The display panel 134 forms an optical image as a change in the scattering state according to the video signal. The prism plate 653 is arranged so that the apex angle of the prism faces the display panel 134 side.

The manner in which the directivity of diffused light is controlled by the prism 661 will be described with reference to FIG. 66 (a).
In FIG. 66 (a), the traveling direction of light is indicated by an arrow.
When the diffused light enters from the plane side of the prism 661, the light enters into the point A on the plane of the prism 661 from all angles. When incident on the prism 661, the light beam bends according to the refractive index difference between air and glass according to Snell's law. Since the refractive index of glass is larger than that of air, the bending angle is small in glass. Prism 66
The light beam emitted from the No. 1 is bent and emitted from the side surface of the prism 661 according to Snell's law as in the case of being incident. On the contrary, when the light is emitted, the angle of bending is increased when the light is emitted into the air, but since the side surface of the prism 661 is inclined, the angle is small and the directivity is high when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the prism plate. Furthermore, this prism 66
The larger the angle of the vertex angle of 1, that is, the larger the inclination of the side surface, the higher the directivity of the emitted light beam.

A perspective view of the prism plate 653 in FIG. 65 is shown in FIG. 66 (b). The prism plate 653 is a sheet having a structure in which prisms 661 are arranged in a stripe shape. The prism plate 653 as shown in FIG. 66 (b) can enhance the directivity of light in the direction in which the prisms are arranged, but has no effect in the direction orthogonal thereto.
In order to increase the directivity of light in both directions, it is preferable to use a prism plate 671 having a structure in which quadrangular pyramids are arranged as shown in FIG. 67.

It goes without saying that the display device shown in (FIG. 61) (FIG. 65) can be applied to a pocket television, a monitor of a portable terminal, a display monitor of a laptop personal computer, an image display monitor of a videophone, a head mounted display and the like. Yes.

The light modulating means 134 is not limited to the PD display panel or the diffraction display panel shown in FIG. 7 or the like. For example, a plasma display (PDP) 751 as shown in FIG. 74 may be used. PDP
A data electrode 749, a white dielectric layer 748, a white partition wall 747, and a phosphor layer (R, G, B) are formed on the back glass substrate 750. The surface discharge electrode 7 is formed on the front glass substrate 741.
42, the transparent dielectric layer 743, and the black partition wall 745 are formed and laminated.

The PDP 751 has two types, a direct current system (DC) and an alternating current system (AC), but either one may be used. PD
P751 has a phosphor layer 746, and the phosphor layer 746 scatters light when emitting light. In the present invention, PDP
The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is arranged on the front glass substrate 741 of 751. The reflection plate 23 can prevent halation due to scattered light.

Besides, the technical idea of the present invention can be applied to a cathode ray tube (CRT) 681 of a normal direct-view television or a projection television. The CRT 681 also has a fluorescent screen 683, and the fluorescent screen 683 emits light when hit by an electron beam 682, and the light generated by the light emission is scattered light 6
It becomes 85.

A concave lens 686 is arranged on the light emitting surface of the CRT 681 of the projection television. Unnecessary scattered light can be absorbed by disposing the reflected light absorbing plate 23 in the concave lens 686 or by forming a configuration similar to the reflected light absorbing plate 23. Therefore, the display contrast, especially the window contrast, can be improved.
In a direct-view television, the reflected light absorbing plate 23 may be arranged or attached on the face glass surface.

It can also be applied to a screen 253 used in a projection type television as shown in (FIG. 23). An explanatory diagram of the applied configuration is shown in (FIG. 69). Generally, the screen 253 includes a lenticular plate 701 and a Fresnel lens 70.
2 is a structure in which they are pasted together. By disposing the reflected light absorbing plate 23 on the lenticular plate, unnecessary reflected light can be prevented.

The reflected light absorbing plate 23 is the lenticular plate 70.
It may be attached to the flat surface portion 1 or the flat surface portion of the Fresnel lens 702. Similarly, it is possible to exert the effect of preventing unnecessary reflected light.

It is preferable to form a light shielding film 703 between the lenses of the Fresnel lens 702.
This is because the lenses do not contribute to the collection or diffusion of light between the lenses, and the light passing through the spaces adversely affects the displayed image. By forming the light-shielding film 703, the light passing between the lenses can be absorbed or reflected, and it is possible to prevent the display image from being adversely affected.

[0336]

As described above, according to the present invention, the transparent plate is divided by the light absorbing wall 20 into a plurality of regions so as to have a predetermined relationship, so that the transparent plate is reflected at the interface with the air to cause halation or It is possible to prevent light that becomes secondary scattering. Further, by using this transparent plate (reflected light absorption plate) for a display panel or the like, a projection display device having high display contrast and high brightness can be constructed.

Further, by providing the transparent substrate 24 or the like with the function of a color filter, the generation ratio of secondary scattering can be prevented and the display contrast can be improved. In addition, the transparent substrate 2
By giving 4 etc. the function of optical band limitation (Fig. 8
As described in 1), it is possible to prevent the overlap of each color and realize an image display with high color purity. It goes without saying that good image display can be performed by using these display devices of the present invention in the projection display device of the present invention. If a plano-concave lens 802 and a positive lens 803 are combined and function as a field lens as shown in (FIG. 80), it is easy to perform the layout design of the color combining dichroic mirror and the conjugate design of the diaphragms 516 and 518. There is also the effect of becoming. Further, as shown in FIG. 32, if the plano-concave lens 801 and the positive lens 802 are combined instead of the output-portion converging lens 517, the optical design becomes easier.
As a whole, the number of optical components can be reduced and cost reduction can be realized.

As described above, in the projection display apparatus of the present invention, the illumination light and the effective F-number of the projection lens can be beneficially and easily matched, so that the stray light in the projection lens is reduced and the projected image is reduced. The contrast of can be improved.
In particular, when a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel is used, it is possible to provide a projected image with excellent contrast without increasing light loss. Further, it is possible to provide a projection display device capable of easily adjusting the brightness and white balance of a projected image without deteriorating the image quality.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a reflected light absorbing plate and a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a reflected light absorbing plate of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a reflected light absorbing plate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of MTF.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an effect of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a reflected light absorbing plate and a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a configuration diagram of a rear projection type display device.

FIG. 24 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device using a transmissive display panel as a light valve.

FIG. 25 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device using a reflection type display panel as a light valve.

FIG. 26 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device using the display panel of the present invention as a light valve.

FIG. 27 is a sectional view of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a characteristic diagram of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a characteristic diagram of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a characteristic diagram of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a characteristic diagram of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a sectional view of a reflective display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a configuration diagram of a reflective projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a light separating (combining) element used in the projection display apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a configuration diagram of a light separating (combining) element used in the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a configuration diagram of a light separating (combining) element used in the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a configuration diagram of a light separating (combining) element used in the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a configuration diagram of a light separating (combining) element used in the projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a configuration diagram of a light separating (combining) element used in the projection display apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a configuration diagram of a light separating (combining) element used in the projection display apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

42 is an explanatory view of the projection type display device of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 43 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention using polarized light.

FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram of the projection type display device of FIG. 43.

FIG. 45 is an explanatory view of the projection type display device of FIG. 43.

FIG. 46 is an explanatory diagram of a color filter

FIG. 47 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel driving method of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is an explanatory diagram of a display panel driving method of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device that displays a color image on a single display panel.

FIG. 50 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device that displays a color image on a single display panel.

FIG. 51 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

52 is an explanatory view of optical components of the projection type display device of FIG. 51. FIG.

FIG. 53 is an explanatory diagram of optical components of the projection type display device of FIG. 51.

FIG. 54 is an explanatory view of optical components of the projection type display device of FIG. 51.

FIG. 55 is an explanatory view of optical parts of the projection type display device of FIG. 51.

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram of optical components of the projection type display device of FIG. 51.

FIG. 57 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device capable of color display with the basic configuration of FIG. 51.

FIG. 58 is a configuration diagram of a projection display device using an optical writing display panel as a light valve.

FIG. 59 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device using a prism.

FIG. 60 is an external view of the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 61 is a sectional view of the viewfinder of the present invention (when not in use)

FIG. 62 is a sectional view of the viewfinder of the present invention (when in use)

FIG. 63 is a configuration diagram of a light emitting element used in the viewfinder of the present invention.

FIG. 64 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of the present invention.

FIG. 65 is a cross-sectional view of a direct-viewing type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 66 is an explanatory diagram of a prism used in the display device of the present invention.

FIG. 67 is an explanatory diagram of a prism plate

FIG. 68 is a configuration diagram when the reflected light absorbing plate of the present invention is applied to a CRT.

FIG. 69 is a configuration diagram when the reflected light absorbing plate of the present invention is applied to a screen.

FIG. 70 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal.

FIG. 71 is a perspective view of a reflective projection display device of the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a spectral characteristic diagram of a dichroic mirror.

FIG. 73 is a spectral characteristic diagram of a dichroic mirror.

FIG. 74 is an explanatory diagram of a PDP display panel of the present invention.

FIG. 75 is an explanatory diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 76 is an explanatory diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 77 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of the present invention.

FIG. 78 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of the present invention.

FIG. 79 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 80 is a configuration diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

FIG. 81 is an explanatory diagram of a projection type display device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Counter Substrate 12 Array Substrate 13 Micro Area 14 Optical Coupling Layer 15 Transparent Member 16 Light Modulating Layer 17 Scattered Light 18 Transmitted Light 19 Reflected Light Ray 20 Light Absorption Film (Wall) 21 Light Emission Surface 22 Incident Light Ray 23 Reflected Light Absorption Plate 24 Transparent Substrate 51 Light absorption film 61 Display area 71 Diffracted light 72 Transparent electrode 73 Liquid crystal 74 Diffraction grating 75 Glass substrate 81 Light spot 101 Pixel electrode 102 Counter electrode 103 Source signal line 104 Low dielectric film 105 Electric flux line 111 Low dielectric column 121 Black beads 122 BM 123 Insulating film 131 TFT 132 Light-shielding film 133 Sealing resin 134 Display panel 135 Light valve 141 Antireflection film 201 Positive lens 211 Light source 211a Lamp 211b Concave mirror 211c UVIR cut filter 212 Relay lens 213 Dichroic Lens 215, 216 lens 214 projection lens 217 aperture 222 field lens 231 optical system block 232 cabinet 241 mirror 251 optical axis 252a incident ray (illumination optical axis) 252b emitted ray (projection optical axis) 275 insulating film 271 counter electrode 272 low dielectric constant Body film 273 Reflective electrode 274 Connection part 322 Heat sink 323 Adhesive 341 Light separation surface 342 Dichroic prism 351 Light absorption film 352 Light entrance / exit surface 361 Concave lens 402 Container 403 Ethylene glycol liquid 431 Polarized beam splitter (PBS) 451 Projection screen 452 Pixel 461 Color filter 501 Micro lens array 502 Micro lens 511a Rear group lens 511b Front group lens 512 Light emitter 513 Real image 514 Convergence lens input A 515 Central converging lens array 516 Aperture (illumination light side) 517 Output converging lens 518 Aperture (projection lens side) 519 Input converging lens 520 Central converging lens 521 Secondary light emitter 524 Optical axis 581 CRT 591 Prism 601 Body 602 Eyepiece cover 603 Mounting bracket 611 Fluorescent arc tube 612 Shading plate 613 Hole 614 Condensing lens 615 Magnifying lens 616 Lens mounting holder 617 Mounting holder 631 Case 632 Phosphor 633 Filament 634 Anode 635 Shielding film 641 Fresnel lens 2 642 Fluorescent light tube Light guide plate 653, 671 Prism plate 661 Prism 681 CRT 682 Electron beam 683 Fluorescent surface 684 Light emission surface 685 Scattered light 686 Concave lens 691 Water droplet liquid crystal 692 Polymer 701 Lenticular plate 702 Fresnel lens 703 Light-shielding film 741 Front glass substrate 742 Surface discharge electrode (transparent electrode with bus electrode) 743 Transparent dielectric layer 745 Black partition 746 Fluorescent material layer (R, G, B) 747 White partition 748 White dielectric Body layer 749 Data electrode 750 Back glass substrate 771 Coloring substrate 772 Light absorbing substrate 781 Light reducing wall 801 Concave lens 802, 803 Convex lens

Claims (41)

[Claims] 1. A first member having a first electrode, a second member having a second electrode, and a light modulation layer sandwiched between the first member and the second member. Then, in at least one of the first and second members, a light absorbing unit that absorbs the light modulated by the light modulating layer is arranged or formed between the surface of the member in contact with air and the light modulating layer. A display panel characterized by being. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the light modulation layer scatters or diffracts incident light to form an optical image. 3. The light absorbing means is provided at a position facing the light modulating layer,
The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the display panel is formed or arranged over substantially the entire area. 4. A first member having a first electrode, a second member having a second electrode, and a light modulation layer sandwiched between the first member and the second member. In at least one of the first member and the second member, the member is divided into a plurality of regions, and absorbs light between the regions and in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member. A display panel, characterized in that the means are arranged or filled. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the light modulation layer scatters or diffracts incident light to form an optical image. 6. A light-transmissive member is divided into a plurality of regions by a light absorbing means, and the light absorbing means is formed or arranged in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member. The reflected light absorbing plate is characterized by satisfying the following conditions, where d is the maximum width of the region divided by the means, t is the height of the light absorbing means, and n is the refractive index of the member. [Equation 1] 7. The member comprises a region having a light absorbing film or a light absorbing means formed in the thickness direction and a region not having the light absorbing film.
Claim 1 or Claim 6 having a layered structure.
The reflected light absorbing plate described. 8. A light modulating means in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a first substrate having a first electrode formed thereon and a second substrate having a second electrode formed thereon, The member having is divided into a plurality of areas by the light absorbing means, the light absorbing means is formed or arranged in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member, and the maximum width of the area divided by the light absorbing means. Where d is the height of the light absorbing means and n is the refractive index of the member, the antireflection means is characterized by satisfying the following conditions: A display device, wherein the antireflection means is disposed on at least one of a first substrate and a second substrate of the light modulating means. 9. A display device according to claim 8, wherein an antireflection means is connected to at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate through an optical coupling layer. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the antireflection means has a two-layer structure of a region where the light absorbing unit is formed and a region where the light absorbing unit is not formed in the thickness direction. 11. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the light modulation means performs light modulation as a change in a light scattering state. 12. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the light modulation means performs light modulation as a change in the diffraction state. 13. A CRT, wherein an antireflection means is formed or arranged between a fluorescent surface and a light emitting surface of the CRT, and the antireflection means is formed or arranged substantially perpendicular to the fluorescent surface. The light-absorbing means is divided into a plurality of regions, the maximum width of the region divided by the light-absorbing means is d, the height of the light-absorbing means is t, and the refractive index of the member is n. In some cases, the reflected light absorbing plate is characterized by satisfying the following conditions. (Equation 3) 14. A first substrate provided with pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a second substrate provided with a counter electrode, and sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer and a member having a light-transmitting property, wherein the member is divided into a plurality of regions by a light absorbing means, and the light absorbing means is formed in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member or The antireflection means is disposed and the optical coupling layer is provided, and the antireflection means is disposed on at least one of the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer via the optical coupling layer. A display device characterized by being. 15. The following conditions are satisfied, where d is the maximum width of the region divided by the light absorbing means, t is the height of the light absorbing means, and n is the refractive index of the member. The display device according to claim 14. [Equation 4] 16. A light generating means, a condensing means for converting light emitted from the light generating means into substantially parallel light, and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display panel for modulating light emitted from the condensing means. Antireflection means, and an enlarged display means for enlarging the optical image of the display panel and for making the enlarged optical image visible to an observer, wherein the antireflection means is a member having light transmittance. The member is divided into a plurality of regions by the light absorbing means, the light absorbing means is formed or arranged in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member, the maximum width of the region divided by the light absorbing means d, When the height of the light absorbing means is t and the refractive index of the member is n,
A viewfinder characterized by satisfying the following conditions. (Equation 5) 17. The viewfinder according to claim 16, wherein the condensing means is a Fresnel lens. 18. The viewfinder according to claim 16, wherein the distance between the light collecting means and the light generating means can be changed. 19. A light-transmissive member is divided into a plurality of regions by a light absorbing means, and the light absorbing means is formed or arranged in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member,
When the maximum width of the region divided by the light absorbing means is d, the height of the light absorbing means is t, and the refractive index of the member is n, antireflection means satisfying the following conditions: ] A display device comprising a Fresnel lens and a lenticular. 20. A light generating means, a light modulating means for modulating the light emitted from the light generating means, and a member having a light transmitting property, wherein the member is divided into a plurality of regions by a light absorbing means, The light absorbing means includes antireflection means formed or arranged in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member, and projection means for projecting the light modulated by the light modulating means. The projection display device is characterized in that the distance between the antireflection means and the light modulating means is defined so that the modulation transfer function of the projected optical image of the light modulating means is 20% or less. . 21. A light generating means, a light modulating means for modulating light emitted from the light generating means, and a member having a light transmitting property, the member being divided into a plurality of regions by a light absorbing means, The light absorbing means is an antireflection means formed or arranged in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member, a projection means for projecting light modulated by the light modulating means, the light modulating means and the reflecting means. An optical coupling material that optically couples the prevention means, and the maximum width of the region divided by the absorption means is d, the height of the light absorption means is t, and the refractive index of the member is n. In some cases, the projection type display is characterized by satisfying the following conditions. (Equation 7) 22. The projection type display device according to claim 21, wherein the light modulation means is a display panel which performs light modulation as a change in a light scattering state. 23. The projection type display device according to claim 21, wherein the light modulation means is a display panel which performs light modulation as a change in a diffraction state. 24. A reflected light absorbing plate in which a member having a light transmitting property is divided into a plurality of regions by a light absorbing unit, and the light absorbing unit is formed or arranged in a substantially wall shape in the thickness direction of the member. And a display means for displaying an image when the fluorescent plate emits light, and the reflected light absorbing plate is arranged on the light emitting surface of the display means, or is connected to the light emitting surface via an optical coupling layer. A display device characterized by. 25. The display device according to claim 24, wherein the display means is a plasma display device. 26. In the antireflection means, the following conditions are satisfied, where d is the maximum width of the region divided by the absorbing means, t is the height of the light absorbing means, and n is the refractive index of the member. 25. The display device according to claim 24, wherein: (Equation 8) 27. A first electrode substrate formed with pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix, a second electrode substrate formed with a counter electrode, and sandwiched between the first and second substrates. A light modulating layer that forms an optical image as a change in the light scattering state; an optical filter that limits the band of light incident on the light modulating layer; and a transparent member. At least one of the electrode substrates,
The display device is characterized in that the electrode substrate and the optical filter are optically connected, and the optical filter and the transparent member are optically connected. 28. The display device according to claim 27, wherein the transparent member is a plano-concave lens, and the plano-concave lens has a function of absorbing a part of light emitted from the light modulation layer. 29. A light generating means having a light emitting body, a light modulating means for forming an optical image as a change of a light scattering state, and light emitted from the light emitting body is condensed and converged to form a secondary light emitting body. Secondary illuminant forming means, projection means for projecting an optical image formed by the light modulating means, first diaphragm means arranged on the light incident side of the light modulating means, and light of the light modulating means. A second diaphragm means arranged on the exit side, wherein the light modulating means is illuminated by light emitted from the secondary light emitter, and the first diaphragm means and the second diaphragm means are substantially the same. The first diaphragm means has an opening shape that selectively allows light passing through the effective region of the secondary light emitter to be selectively passed therethrough, and the second diaphragm means has a shape similar to that of the light modulation means. The light modulating layer passed through the first diaphragm in a light transmitting state. It has selectively passing allowed to aperture shape and a projection display device, wherein the light emitting body length of the light emitter is 2.5mm or more 5.0mm or less. 30. A light modulating means, in which a light modulating layer for forming an optical image as a change of a light scattering state is sandwiched between a first electrode substrate and a second electrode substrate, a transparent substrate, and a light emitting body. Light generating means, light modulating means having a light modulating layer for forming an optical image as a change of light scattering state, and secondary light emission for condensing and converging light emitted from the light emitting body to form a secondary light emitting body. Body forming means, projection means for projecting an optical image formed by the light modulating means, first diaphragm means arranged on the light incident side of the light modulating means, and light emitting side of the light modulating means. A second diaphragm means, the transparent substrate is optically connected to at least one of a first substrate and a second electrode substrate, and the light modulating means emits light from the secondary light emitter. Illuminated by light, the first diaphragm means and the second diaphragm means Is a substantially conjugate relationship, the first diaphragm means has an opening shape that selectively allows light passing mainly through the effective region of the secondary light emitter, and the second diaphragm means is the light modulator. A projection display device, wherein the light modulation layer of the means has an opening shape that selectively allows light that has passed through the first diaphragm in the light transmitting state. 31. The projection display device according to claim 30, wherein the first diaphragm means is arranged in the vicinity of the secondary light emitter. 32. The secondary luminous body forming means forms a plurality of secondary luminous bodies which are discretely positioned, and at least one of the first diaphragm means and the second diaphragm means is discretely positioned. 31. The projection display device according to claim 30, having a plurality of openings. 33. The projection display apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the F number of the projection means is approximately 5 or more and 9 or less. 34. The projection display device according to claim 30, wherein the transparent substrate absorbs a part of the light emitted from the light modulation layer. 35. When the refractive index of the transparent substrate is n, the maximum diameter of the effective display area of the light modulating layer is d, and the distance from the light modulating layer to the surface of the transparent substrate in contact with air is t, the following equation is obtained. 31. The projection display device according to claim 30, which is satisfied. [Equation 9] 36. A light modulating means in which a light modulating layer for forming an optical image as a change of a light scattering state is sandwiched between a first electrode substrate and a second electrode substrate, a plano-concave lens, and a light emitting body. Light generating means, light modulating means having a light modulating layer for forming an optical image as a change of light scattering state, and secondary light emission for condensing and converging light emitted from the light emitting body to form a secondary light emitting body. Body forming means, projection means for projecting an optical image formed by the light modulating means, first diaphragm means arranged on the light incident side of the light modulating means, and light emitting side of the light modulating means. The second diaphragm means is provided, and the electrode substrate and the flat surface of the plano-concave lens are optically connected to at least one of the first substrate and the second electrode substrate, and the light modulator is Illuminated by the light emitted by the secondary illuminant, the first diaphragm The second diaphragm means and the second diaphragm means have a substantially conjugate relationship, and the first diaphragm means has an opening shape that selectively allows light passing mainly through the effective region of the secondary light emitter to be selectively passed, The projection display device according to claim 2, wherein the second diaphragm means has an opening shape that selectively allows light passing through the first diaphragm to pass while the light modulation layer of the light modulating means is in a light transmitting state. 37. The secondary light emitter forming means forms a plurality of secondary light emitters that are discretely positioned, and at least one of the first diaphragm means and the second diaphragm means is discretely positioned. 36. The projection display device according to claim 35, which has a plurality of openings. 38. The projection display device according to claim 36, wherein a positive lens is arranged close to the plano-concave lens. 39. The projection display device according to claim 36, wherein a light absorbing means is formed on the ineffective surface of the plano-concave lens. 40. Optical change as a light scattering state between a first substrate on which an electrode, a photoexcitation layer, a light shielding layer, and a dielectric reflection mirror are sequentially laminated, and a second substrate on which a counter electrode is formed. An optical modulation means in which an optical modulation layer for forming an image is sandwiched; a light generating means having a light emitting body; a condensing means for condensing light emitted from the light emitting body; and an optical system formed by the light modulating means. Projecting means for projecting an image, first diaphragm means arranged on the light incident side of the light modulating means, second diaphragm means arranged on the light emitting side of the light modulating means, and a plurality of input sections An input part converging lens array formed by arranging converging lenses in a two-dimensional array, and a central part converging lens formed by arranging a plurality of central part converging lenses in the same number as the plurality of input part converging lenses in a two-dimensional array. An array and an output unit converging lens are provided, and the light is emitted from the condensing means. The incident light is incident on the light modulating means via the input-portion converging lens array, the central-portion converging lens array, and the output-portion converging lens array, and the first diaphragm means passes mainly through the effective area of the secondary light emitter. Each of the input-portion converging lenses has a plurality of secondary light emitters formed in the vicinity of the main plane of the corresponding central-portion converging lens. Each of the lenses forms, in the vicinity of the effective display area of the light valve, an image of an object in the vicinity of the principal plane of each of the input convergence lenses corresponding to the output convergence lens, in the vicinity of the effective display area of the light valve. The lens effectively allows the light emitted from the plurality of secondary light emitters to reach the projection means, and the first diaphragm means is arranged in the vicinity of the plurality of secondary light emitters, and the first diaphragm means and The second diaphragm means has a substantially conjugate relationship with the second diaphragm means, and the first diaphragm means has an opening shape for selectively passing light that passes through a substantially effective region of the secondary light emitter, 2. The projection display device according to claim 2, wherein the diaphragm means has an opening shape that selectively allows light that has passed through the first diaphragm to pass while the light modulation layer of the light modulation means is in a light transmitting state. 41. A light modulating means in which a light modulating layer for forming an optical image as a light scattering state change is sandwiched between a first electrode substrate and a second electrode substrate, a plano-concave lens, and the plano-concave lens. A positive lens arranged in close proximity, a light generating means having a light emitting body, a light collecting means for collecting the light emitted from the light emitting body, and a projection means for projecting an optical image formed by the light modulating means A first diaphragm means arranged on the light incident side of the light modulating means, a second diaphragm means arranged on the light emitting side of the light modulating means, and a plurality of input section converging lenses in a two-dimensional shape. An input converging lens array arranged, a central converging lens array in which a plurality of central converging lenses forming the same number as the plurality of input converging lenses are arranged two-dimensionally, and an output converging lens And a second light emitting side of the light modulating means. The plano-concave lens is optically connected to a polar substrate, the plano-concave lens and the positive lens act as a field lens, and the light emitted from the condensing means is the input part converging lens array, the central part converging lens array, and the output. The first diaphragm means has an aperture shape that selectively allows light passing through the effective area of the secondary light emitter to enter the light modulation means through a partial converging lens. Each of the lenses forms a plurality of secondary light emitters in the vicinity of the main plane of each of the corresponding central-portion converging lenses, and each of the central-portion converging lenses is associated with the corresponding output-portion converging lens. Each of the images of the objects in the vicinity of the respective main planes is formed in the vicinity of the effective display area of the light valve in the form of a superposition, and the output unit converging lens emits light from the plurality of secondary light emitters. The first stop means is disposed in the vicinity of the plurality of secondary light emitters, and the first stop means and the second stop means are substantially conjugate with each other. The first diaphragm means has an opening shape that selectively allows light passing through the substantially effective region of the secondary light emitter, and the second diaphragm means modulates the light of the light modulator means. The projection display device, wherein the layer has an opening shape that selectively allows light that has passed through the first diaphragm to pass therethrough in a light transmitting state.