JP2001330436A - Surveying method for three-dimensional coordinates on floating-body structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surveying method, for three-dimensional coordinates on a floating-body structure, in which a surveying tower or the like can be installed on the floating-body structure economically and with good accuracy. SOLUTION: A total station 3 is installed on the surface 1A of the floating- body structure 1 which floats on water, and a correlation between the collimation face 3A of the total station 3 and the surface 1A of the structure 1 is found. By the total station 3, a distance up to an installation object (a reception part 5a) installed on the surface 1A of the structure 1 from the total station 3 and its angle are measured. The three-dimensional coordinates which use the collimation face 3A of the total station 3 of the installation object 5a as a reference are found. On the basis of the correlation between the collimation face 3A of the total station 3 and the surface 1A of the structure 1, the three- dimensional coordinates which use the surface 1A of the structure 1 as a reference is obtained, and the installation accuracy of the installation object 5a is confirmed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring three-dimensional coordinates on a floating structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Several methods are used for positioning and measuring a submerged box such as a submerged tunnel or caisson submerged in water. In general, as shown in FIG. The method of guiding the survey tower 52 installed on the ground from the land and the method of confirming the relative position of the junction of the buried box 51 in the water with a sonar or a diver 53 are used in combination. GPS (global positio)
In the case of performing real-time surveying using an automatic tracking type total station, the coordinates of the target structure (submerged box) are set on the structure as shown in FIG. 1 of JP-A-10-280499. It is represented by a tower (surveying tower) provided with a receiving unit such as a GPS receiving antenna or an omnidirectional prism. At that time, it is necessary to grasp in advance the positional relationship between the coordinates of the structure and the coordinates of the GPS receiving antenna or the survey tower.

If the antenna and the survey tower can be installed on the structure before the structure is floated on the water, the coordinates of the structure and the receiving unit (antenna or survey tower) are measured on the ground. It is sufficient to grasp the mutual positional relationship, but if it is necessary to install the receiver after floating the structure on the water, the three-dimensional coordinates of the receiver on the structure floating on the water (floating structure) Need to check. In such a case, methods such as checking the installation accuracy with a tape measure after installing the receiving unit on the water have been performed, and accurate surveying could not be performed. In addition, the error increases as the height of the surveying tower in which the receiving unit is installed increases. As a result, an error between the coordinates of the receiving unit and the relative coordinates of the structure becomes an error in the positioning survey.

In surveying in which a survey tower installed on a submerged box is guided from the land, as shown in FIG. 6, of the three-dimensional coordinates of the prism 61 above the survey tower obtained by land survey, X, Y
Reference point 6 in the upper part of the submerged box with coordinates maintained at the planned slope in water
The three-dimensional coordinates of the immersed box in water (eg, the three-dimensional coordinates of the immersed box end 63) assuming that they match the X, Y coordinates of 2
To calculate the accuracy of the relative positional relationship between the submerged box and the target such as the prism installed in the survey tower,
The accuracy of the positioning survey will be determined.

[0005]

Conventionally, positioning and surveying of a submerged box is often performed only by confirming the position behind the submerged box, and the surveying tower is also provided with only one unit installed behind the submerged box. There are many. In this case, the collation of the prism coordinate value of the upper part of the survey tower with the coordinate value of the submerged box is generally performed by the following method.

Method of installing surveying towers in all buried boxes at the time of box production When the number of buried boxes is small, as shown in FIG. A survey tower 73 was previously installed on all the boxes (submerged boxes) 72, and the position of the prism (not shown) was determined before floating the submerged boxes 72 on water. According to this method, the relationship between the submerged box 72 and the surveying tower 73 can be confirmed on land, so that the surveying can be performed with high accuracy. However, the surveying tower 73 for the entire body is required, which is uneconomical. In addition, if the altitude is restricted during towing, such as when the construction site is near the airport, the survey tower 73 must be temporarily removed, so confirmation surveying is required when the survey tower 73 is installed again at the sinking point. It is.

A method in which the surveying tower is also used as an access shaft and the swing is lowered from the upper part of the surveying tower into the submerged box, and the surveying tower 82 installed on the submerged box 81 is also used as the access shaft. Then, a person can enter to make a comparison between the down swing 83 from the upper part of the survey tower 82 and the survey reference point 85 provided on the lower floor plate 84 of the submerged box 81 (see FIG. 8). In this method, it is necessary to install an access shaft which is likely to cause water leakage at the upper part of the submerged box 81, and it is necessary to enter the submerged box 81 at the time of submerging, so that the submerging operation cannot be unmanned. It is a problem. In addition, when the burial depth is large, the height of the access shaft also becomes high. Therefore, there is a problem that the swinging of the burial box 81 at the time of burial does not cause the swing down 83 to stop. In addition, as described above,
If the sinking point has altitude restrictions, the access shaft must be partially and temporarily removed.

Method of Checking the Installation Accuracy by Tape Measure After Installing Surveying Tower The surveying tower 92 is installed on the water for each submerged box 91 to be installed, but the installation accuracy is checked as shown in FIG. 91
It is confirmed with a tape measure (not shown) from the reference point 93 previously set on the upper side. At least one set of the surveying tower 92 is required to be installed for each submerged box 91, but the surveying tower 92 must be tilted in accordance with the vertical and horizontal gradient of each submerged box 91. Fine adjustment must be performed while checking the dimensions of at least two side lines with a tape measure, and fine adjustment is difficult.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of measuring three-dimensional coordinates on a floating structure in order to economically install a survey tower or the like on the floating structure.

[0010]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, a surveying instrument (1) is provided on the upper surface (1A) of a floating structure (1) floating on water. For example, a total station 3) is installed, and a distance and an angle from the surveying instrument to an installation object (for example, the receiving unit 5a) installed on the upper surface of the floating structure are measured by the surveying instrument.

Here, the surveying instrument measures a horizontal angle, a vertical angle, a distance, and the like of an installed object with respect to the surveying instrument, and includes, for example, a total station. A total station is an integrated lightwave rangefinder and transit. The lightwave ranging device measures the time required for a lightwave to reciprocate between two points (from the lightwave ranging device to the object) to determine the distance between the two points, and the transit indicates the horizontal angle of the object relative to the transit and To determine the vertical angle,
The total station that integrates them is a single unit, the horizontal angle of the object (installed object) with respect to the total station,
It can measure vertical angle, distance, etc.

According to the first aspect of the invention, since the surveying instrument is installed on the floating structure on which the installation object is installed, the surveying instrument is on the same structure as the installation object. Without being affected by the movement of the floating structure,
The distance and the angle between the surveying instrument and the installation object can be accurately measured by the surveying instrument.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring three-dimensional coordinates on a floating structure according to the first aspect, wherein a collimation plane (3A) of the surveying instrument and an upper surface of the floating structure are arranged. Obtain the mutual relationship, the three-dimensional coordinates based on the surveying instrument collimation plane of the installation object calculated from the distance and angle from the surveying instrument to the installation object measured by the surveying instrument, the upper surface of the floating structure It is characterized by conversion into three-dimensional coordinates as a reference.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the correlation between the collimating plane of the surveying instrument and the floating structure is obtained, and the surveying instrument collimating plane of the installation object obtained from the distance and the angle measured by the surveying instrument is determined. By converting the reference three-dimensional coordinates into three-dimensional coordinates based on the upper surface of the floating structure, it is possible to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the installed object without being affected by the installation accuracy of the surveying instrument. .

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, the correlation between the collimation plane of the total station (surveying instrument) and the upper surface of the floating structure is determined. The way of obtaining will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, when the floating structure 1 is manufactured on the ground, three reference points having three-dimensional coordinates in which the relative relationship with the floating structure 1 is clear are formed on the upper surface 1 </ b> A of the floating structure 1. Provide. And the floating structure 1
Is floated on water, a total station (surveying instrument) 3 is set at one of the points 2a (see FIG. 2), and the height H from the upper surface of the floating structure to the eye 31 of the total station 3 is measured. The point where the eye 31 is located is referred to as a point 3a. As shown in FIG. 3, a staff 4 is set up at the remaining two points 2b and 2c of the reference points, and the staff 4 is read by the total station 3 installed on the floating structure 1. Here, the total station 3 is to read in a direction perpendicular to the height direction of the total station 3, and the staff 4 is read in the total station 3.
The staff 4 is moved back and forth with respect to the total station 3 while measuring at, and the point at which the reading value becomes minimum is taken as the reading of the staff 4, and these points are 3b and 3c. Points 3b and 3c are the collimation plane 3 of the total station 3.
On A.

As a result, the height H of the total station 3 and the reading of the staff staff read by the total station 3 correspond to the three reference points 2 on the upper surface 1A of the floating structure 1.
a, 2b, 2c to collimation plane 3 of total station 3
It is the length of the perpendicular drawn to A. The X coordinate and the Y coordinate of the three points 3a, 3b, and 3c, which are legs of the perpendicular (the intersection of the perpendicular and the collimating plane 3A of the total station 3), on the collimating plane 3A are on the upper surface 1A of the floating structure 1. It can be obtained from the distance between each of the three reference points 2a, 2b, 2c on the plane 1A and the length of each perpendicular line.
Since the three points 3a, 3b, and 3c are points on the collimation plane 3A, the Z coordinate is zero. Also, the upper surface 1 of the floating structure 1
The X, Y coordinates of the three reference points 2a, 2b, 2c on A with respect to the collimation plane 3A are points 3a, 3b, 3c, respectively.
Are the same as the X and Y coordinates, and the Z coordinates are points 3a and 3
The height is lower than the Z coordinate of b and 3c by the height H of the total station 3 or the reading of the staff 4. Therefore, 3
From the coordinates of the points 3a, 3b, and 3c, the equation of the collimating plane 3A can be obtained using a surveying program. Similarly, the floating structure can be obtained from the coordinates of the reference points 2a, 2b, and 2c based on the collimating plane 3A. The equation of the upper surface 1A of the object 1 can be obtained, and the correlation between the collimating surface 3A of the total station 3 and the upper surface 1A of the floating structure 1 can be obtained.

Next, the surveying tower 5 provided with the receiving section 5a is installed on the floating structure 1, and the installation accuracy is measured. First, the survey tower 5 is installed on the floating structure 1 in a state where the floating structure 1 is floating on water. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, in the total station 3 installed on the floating structure 1, a distance (oblique distance) L from the total station 3 to the receiving unit 5a and a straight line connecting the total station 3 and the receiving unit 5a. (Vertical angle) R1 formed between the total station 3 and a perpendicular line drawn from the receiver 5a to the collimating plane 3A and a reference point (for example, 2c). An angle (horizontal angle) R2 between a perpendicular leg (for example, 3c) lowered on the surface 3A and a straight line connecting the total station 3 is measured. This allows
The three-dimensional coordinates based on the collimation plane 3A of the total station 3 of the receiving unit 5a can be obtained. Then, a three-dimensional traverse survey is performed by the surveying program using the correlation between the collimation plane 3A of the total station 3 and the upper surface 1A of the floating structure 1 which is obtained in advance, and the receiving unit 5a
Can be converted into three-dimensional coordinates based on the collimation plane 3A of the total station 3 based on the upper surface 1A of the floating structure 1, and the receiving unit 5 can be converted from the three-dimensional coordinates.
a (the survey tower 5) can be checked for installation accuracy.

The surveying program used here is G
This solves a system of linear equations using the auss-Jordan sweeping method. The three-dimensional coordinates of three points on the collimation plane of the total station, the three-dimensional coordinates of three points on the upper surface of the floating structure, and measurement by the total station After inputting the distance and angle to the receiving unit, the equation of the collimating plane, the equation of the upper surface of the structure and the correlation between these two planes are obtained, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the collimating plane of the receiving unit are obtained. , Three-dimensional coordinates on the upper surface of the structure are calculated by three-dimensional traverse survey. In addition, the total station includes a light wave ranging device that measures the time that the light wave travels back and forth to determine the distance between two points (from the light wave ranging device to the installation object) and a transit that determines the vertical angle and horizontal angle of the installation object. It is an integrated device that can measure the vertical angle, horizontal angle, distance, etc. of the installed object with respect to the total station by itself.

As described above, according to the method of measuring three-dimensional coordinates on the floating structure according to the above embodiment, the receiving unit 5a
The total station 3 is placed on the floating structure 1 on which the
Is installed, the distance and the angle to the receiving unit 5a can be accurately measured without being affected by the fluctuation of the floating structure 1. In addition, since the collimating surface 3A of the total station 3 is obtained and the correlation with the upper surface 1A of the floating structure 1 is obtained, the floating structure of the receiving unit 5a is not affected by the installation accuracy of the total station 3. Three-dimensional coordinates on the upper surface 1A of the object 1 can be obtained. The total station and the receiving unit 5a are installed in a state where the floating structure 1 is floated on the water, so that at least one set is required, which is economical.

In the above embodiment, three reference points are used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is only necessary to obtain a point capable of specifying a plane. There may be. In addition, the receiver is provided on the surveying tower as an installation object, but may be an object that can be installed on a floating structure and can measure a distance and an angle by a total station (a surveying instrument). The number of installed objects, the shape of the floating structure, and the like are also arbitrary, and it goes without saying that the specific detailed structure and the like can be appropriately changed.

[0022]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a surveying instrument is provided on the same floating structure as the installation object, and the surveying instrument is installed based on the distance and angle from the surveying instrument to the installation object measured using the surveying instrument. By measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the object, the distance and the angle can be measured without being affected by the movement of the floating structure, etc., so that the three-dimensional coordinates of the installed object can be accurately measured. .

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the correlation between the collimation plane of the surveying instrument and the upper surface of the floating structure is determined, thereby affecting the installation accuracy when the surveying instrument is installed on the floating structure. The three-dimensional coordinates based on the upper surface of the floating structure can be obtained from the three-dimensional coordinates obtained from the distance and the angle measured by the surveying instrument without any need.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a floating structure showing a state where reference points are provided on the floating structure as an example to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the floating structure showing a state where a total station is installed on the floating structure in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a staff installed on the floating structure in FIG.
It is a perspective view of a floating structure showing a state where it reads by a total station.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a receiver installed on the floating structure shown in FIG. 3;
It is a perspective view of a floating structure showing a state where distance and an angle are read by a total station.

FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing a general method for positioning a submerged box.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a method for guiding and positioning a survey tower provided on a submerged box from land.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a method of installing a surveying tower in all submerged boxes at the time of manufacturing the box.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a submerged box also serving as an access shaft and having a survey tower provided with a plumb bob therein.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a method of checking the installation accuracy of the survey tower with a tape measure after installing the survey tower.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Floating structure 1A Floating structure upper surface 3 Total station 3A Total station collimating plane 5 Survey tower 5a Receiver

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A surveying instrument is installed on an upper surface of a floating structure floating on water, and a distance and an angle from the surveying instrument to the installed object installed on the upper surface of the floating structure are measured by the surveying instrument. 3D coordinate survey method on a floating structure. 2. The correlation between the collimation plane of the surveying instrument and the upper surface of the floating structure is determined, and the distance between the surveying instrument and the installation measured by the surveying instrument and the angle of the installation are calculated from the angle. The three-dimensional coordinates on the floating structure according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates based on the surveying instrument collimating plane are converted into three-dimensional coordinates based on the upper surface of the floating structure. Method.